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Cao R, Fang X, Li Z, Li S, Guo Q, Chai Y. Effect of Polygonatum sibiricum saponins on gut microbiota of mice with ulcerative colitis. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105855. [PMID: 38354822 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum is a plant with medicinal and nutritional properties. Saponins are the important biologically active components of Polygonatum sibiricum. In this study, the specific components of Polygonatum sibiricum saponins (PSS) were analyzed, and the regulation effect of PSS on intestinal flora in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) was investigated by inducing male Kunming mice with dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). PSS could ameliorate the symptoms of weight loss, high DAI score and colon length reduction compared to DSS-induced treatment. Colonic fragments were taken for H&E staining and histopathological scoring. PSS could significantly improve the pathological abnormality of colitis mice. 16S rRNA analysis showed that the intestinal microbial community of mice treated with DSS was significantly damaged. PSS could restore the richness and diversity of intestinal microbial flora, reduce the number of pathogenic bacteria, and increase the abundance of Lactobacillus spp. and Muribaculaceae, and improve the intestinal microbial flora disorder. Generally, PSS had an obvious effect in relieving colitis in mice. This study confirmed that Polygonatum sibiricum saponins play a therapeutic and palliative role in ulcerative colitis by regulating the microbiome balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Cao
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xinyi Fang
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Ziyi Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sijia Li
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qingqi Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- College of Life Sciences, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin 150040, China.
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Zhang Y, Wang D, Liu J, Sun J, Liu X, Fan B, Lu C, Wang F. Investigating the Antidepressant Mechanisms of Polygonum sibiricum Polysaccharides via Microglial Polarization. Nutrients 2024; 16:438. [PMID: 38337722 PMCID: PMC10856971 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Polygonum sibiricum, with its medicinal and edibility dual properties, has been widely recognized and utilized throughout Chinese history. As a kind of its effective component, Polygonum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSP) have been reported to be a promising novel antidepressant agent. Meanwhile, the precise mechanisms underlying its action remain elusive. The polarization state transition of microglia is intricately linked to neuroinflammation, indicating its crucial involvement in the pathophysiology of depression. Researchers are vigorously pursuing the exploration of this potential treatment strategy, aiming to comprehend its underlying mechanisms. Hence, the current study was designed to investigate the antidepressant mechanisms of PSP via Microglial M1/M2 Polarization, based on the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced BV2 cell activation model. The results indicate that PSP significantly inhibited NO and LDH release and reduced ROS levels in LPS-induced BV2 cells. PSP could significantly reduce the protein expression level of Iba-1, decreased the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6, and increased the mRNA level of IL-10. PSP also significantly reduced the protein expression level of CD16/32 and increased that of CD206, reduced the mRNA level and fluorescence intensity of iNOS, and increased those of Arg-1. However, PSP pretreatment reversed the alterations of the BDNF/TrkB/CREB and Notch/Hes1 pathways in LPS-induced BV2 cells. These results suggested that PSP exerted the anti-inflammatory effects by inhibiting M1 phenotype polarization and promoting microglia polarization toward the M2 phenotype, and its regulation of microglia M1/M2 polarization may be associated with modulating the BDNF/TrkB/CREB and Notch/Hes1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingyu Zhang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Danyang Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Jiameng Liu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Institute of New Drug Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Bei Fan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
| | - Fengzhong Wang
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing 100193, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
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Park D, Yoon JE, Choi B, Lee YJ, Ha IH. Complex Extract of Polygonatum sibiricum and Nelumbinis semen Improves Menopause Symptoms via Regulation of Estrogen Receptor Beta in an Ovariectomized Rat Model. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112443. [PMID: 37299404 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a hormone-deficiency state that causes facial flushing, vaginal dryness, depression, anxiety, insomnia, obesity, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease as ovarian function decreases. Hormone-replacement therapy is mainly used to treat menopause; however, its long-term use is accompanied by side effects such as breast cancer and endometriosis. To identify the effect of a complex extract of Polygonatum sibiricum (PS) and Nelumbinis semen (NS) on improving menopause without side effects, an ovariectomized rat model was established to analyze several menopause symptoms. Compared to single extracts, the complex extract restored vaginal epithelial cell thickness and decreased serotonin concentration by increasing the estrogen receptors ERα (ESR1) and ERβ (ESR2), depending on the ratio. Although the complex extract exerted a lower weight-loss effect than the single extracts, improved blood-lipid metabolism was observed after increasing high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels and decreasing low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and ovariectomy-induced osteoporosis was alleviated by suppressing osteoclast production. Thus, by increasing only ERβ expression without regulating ERα expression in the uterus, the complex extract of PS and NS may be a natural treatment for improving menopause symptoms without side effects, such as endometriosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doori Park
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 538, Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06110, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee-Eun Yoon
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 538, Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06110, Republic of Korea
| | - Boram Choi
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 538, Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06110, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon-Jae Lee
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 538, Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06110, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hyuk Ha
- Jaseng Spine and Joint Research Institute, Jaseng Medical Foundation, 538, Gangnam-daero, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06110, Republic of Korea
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Jing Y, Yan M, Zhang H, Liu D, Qiu X, Hu B, Zhang D, Zheng Y, Wu L. Effects of Extraction Methods on the Physicochemical Properties and Biological Activities of Polysaccharides from Polygonatum sibiricum. Foods 2023; 12:foods12102088. [PMID: 37238906 DOI: 10.3390/foods12102088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonatum sibiricum polysaccharides (PSPs) have important biological functions, such as antioxidation, immunomodulatory, and hypolipidemic functions. Different extraction methods have effects on their structures and activities. In this study, six extraction methods, including hot water extraction (HWE), alkali extraction (AAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and freeze-thaw-assisted extraction (FAE) were used to extract PSPs, and their structure-activity relationships were analyzed. The results showed that all six PSPs had similar functional group compositions, thermal stability, and glycosidic bond compositions. PSP-As (PSPs extracted by AAE) exhibited better rheological properties due to their higher molecular weight (Mw). PSP-Es (PSPs extracted by EAE) and PSP-Fs (PSPs extracted by FAE) had better lipid-lowering activity due to their lower Mw. PSP-Es and PSP-Ms (PSPs extracted by MAE), which do not contain uronic acid and have a moderate Mw, had better 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-radical-scavenging activity. On the contrary, PSP-Hs (PSPs extracted by HWE) and PSP-Fs, with the Mw of uronic acid, had the best OH-radical-scavenging activity. The high-Mw PSP-As had the best Fe2+-chelating ability. In addition, mannose (Man) may play an important role in the immunomodulatory activity. These results indicate that different extraction methods affect the structure and biological activity of polysaccharides to varying degrees, and these results are helpful for understanding the structure-activity relationship of PSPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongshuai Jing
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Meng Yan
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Dongbo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Xiaoyue Qiu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Beibei Hu
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Danshen Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Hebei University of Science and Technology, 26 Yuxiang Street, Shijiazhuang 050018, China
| | - Yuguang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
| | - Lanfang Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, 3 Xingyuan Road, Shijiazhuang 050200, China
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Luo J, Chen Z, Guo Q, Chai Y, Bao Y. Effects of saponins isolated from Polygonatum sibiricum on H 2O 2-induced oxidative damage in RIN-m5F cells and its protective effect on pancreas. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 175:113724. [PMID: 36935075 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
The damage of islet cells caused by oxidative stress is closely related to diabetes. The aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of saponins isolated from polygonatum sibiricum (PSS) on pancreas injury by using in vitro and in vivo models. The oxidative stress model of RIN-m5F cells induced by H2O2 was established. We found that PSS could decrease the apoptosis of RIN-m5F cells under oxidative stress. After PSS treatment, ROS and MDA levels in cells significantly decreased. Moreover, the levels of SOD and GSH were significantly increased. PSS could increase the insulin secretion level of cells under oxidative stress. The expression level of intracellular Bcl-2 increased, and the expression levels of Bax, caspase-3, caspase-8, and caspase-9 decreased significantly. In addition, the type 2 diabetes mouse model was established. The results showed that PSS had a protective effect on the injury of the pancreas in T2DM mice. PSS can relieve oxidative stress and high glucose-mediated pancreas cytotoxicity. PSS may be a promising candidate for diabetes intervention and functional foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Luo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Zefu Chen
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Qingqi Guo
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, PR China
| | - Yangyang Chai
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, PR China.
| | - Yihong Bao
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin, 150040, PR China; Key Laboratory of Forest Food Resources Utilization of Heilongjiang Province, Harbin, 150040, PR China
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Polygonati Rhizoma Polysaccharide Prolongs Lifespan and Healthspan in Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28052235. [PMID: 36903481 PMCID: PMC10005289 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28052235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Polygonati Rhizoma is the dried rhizome of Polygonatum kingianum coll.et hemsl., Polygonatum sibiricum Red. or Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua, and has a long history of medication. Raw Polygonati Rhizoma (RPR) numbs the tongue and stings the throat, while prepared Polygonati Rhizoma (PPR) can remove the numbness of the tongue, and at the same time enhance its functions of invigorating the spleen, moistening the lungs and tonifying the kidneys. There are many active ingredients in Polygonati Rhizoma (PR), among which polysaccharide is one of the most important active ingredients. Therefore, we studied the effect of Polygonati Rhizoma polysaccharide (PRP) on the lifespan of Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) and found that polysaccharide in PPR (PPRP) was more effective than Polysaccharide in RPR (RPRP) in prolonging the lifespan of C. elegans, reducing the accumulation of lipofuscin, and increasing the frequency of pharyngeal pumping and movement. The further mechanism study found that PRP can improve the anti-oxidative stress ability of C. elegans, reduce the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in C. elegans, and improve the activity of antioxidant enzymes. The results of quantitative real-time PCR(q-PCR) experiments suggested that PRP may prolong the lifespan of C. elegans by down-regulating daf-2 and activating daf-16 and sod-3, and the transgenic nematode experiments were consistent with its results, so it was hypothesized that the mechanism of age delaying effect of PRP was related to daf-2, daf-16 and sod-3 of the insulin signaling pathway. In short, our research results provide a new idea for the application and development of PRP.
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Luo L, Qiu Y, Gong L, Wang W, Wen R. A Review of Polygonatum Mill. Genus: Its Taxonomy, Chemical Constituents, and Pharmacological Effect Due to Processing Changes. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27154821. [PMID: 35956772 PMCID: PMC9369890 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27154821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The genus Polygonatum Tourn, ex Mill. contains numerous chemical components, such as steroidal saponins, polysaccharides, flavonoids, alkaloids, and others, it possesses diverse pharmacological activities, such as anti-aging, anti-tumor, immunological regulation, as well as blood glucose management and fat reducing properties. Aim of the review: This study reviews the current state of research on the systematic categorization, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and processing changes of the plants belonging to the genus Polygonatum, to provide a theoretical foundation for their scientific development and rational application. Materials and methods: The information was obtained by searching the scientific literature published between 1977 and 2022 on online databases (including PubMed, CNKI, SciFinder, and Web of Science) and other sources (such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition, and Chinese herbal books). Results: The genus Polygonatum contains 79 species, and 233 bioactive chemical compounds were identified in them. The abundance of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant activities, anti-fatigue activities, anti-inflammatory activities, etc., were revealed for the representatives of this genus. In addition, there are numerous processing methods, and many chemical constituents and pharmacological activities change after the unappropriated processing. Conclusions: This review summarizes the taxonomy classification, chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and processing of the plants belonging to the genus Polygonatum, providing references and research tendencies for plant-based drug development and further clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Luo
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
| | - Yixing Qiu
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
| | - Limin Gong
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
- School of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau 999078, China
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-731-138-7317-947 (L.G.); +86-731-136-5743-8606 (W.W.)
| | - Wei Wang
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.); (W.W.); Tel.: +86-731-138-7317-947 (L.G.); +86-731-136-5743-8606 (W.W.)
| | - Ruiding Wen
- TCM and Ethnomedicine Innovation and Development International Laboratory, Innovative Materia Medic Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha 410208, China; (L.L.); (Y.Q.); (R.W.)
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Xie Y, Mu C, Kazybay B, Sun Q, Kutzhanova A, Nazarbek G, Xu N, Nurtay L, Wang Q, Amin A, Li X. Network pharmacology and experimental investigation of Rhizoma polygonati extract targeted kinase with herbzyme activity for potent drug delivery. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2187-2197. [PMID: 34662244 PMCID: PMC8526013 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1977422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoma polygonati (Huangjing, RP) has been used for a long history with many chemical components in inducing anti-cancer, anti-aging, anti-diabetes, anti-fatigue, and more prevention of diseases or acts as nutrition sources in food. Here we investigated RP extract combination with kinase inhibitors in anti-cell growth and blockade in pathways targeting kinases. Experimental investigation and network pharmacology analysis were applied to test the potent kinase-mediated signaling. Herbzyme activity was determined by substrate with optical density measurement. Extract of processed RP inhibits cell growth in a much greater manner than alone when applied in combination with inhibitors of mTOR or EGFR. Moreover, processing methods of RP from Mount Tai (RP-Mount Tai) play essential roles in herbzyme activity of phosphatase suggesting the interface is also essential, in addition to the chemical component. The network pharmacology analysis showed the chemical component and target networks involving AKT and mTOR, which is consistent with experimental validation. Finally, EGFR inhibitor could be associated with nano-extract of RP-Mount Tai but not significantly affects the phosphatase herbzyme activity in vitro. Thus the processed extract of RP-Mount Tai may play a dual role in the inhibition of cell proliferation signaling by both chemical component and nanoscale herbzyme of phosphatase activity to inhibit kinases including mTOR/AKT in potent drug delivery of kinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingqiu Xie
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Chengling Mu
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bexultan Kazybay
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Qinglei Sun
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Aidana Kutzhanova
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Guldan Nazarbek
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Na Xu
- Key Laboratory for Applied Technology of Sophisticated Analytical Instrument of Shandong Province, Shandong Analysis and Test Center, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan, China
| | - Lazzat Nurtay
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences and Humanities, Nazarbayev University, Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
| | - Qian Wang
- Shandong Taishanghuangjing Biotechnology Co. Ltd., Tai'an, China
| | - Amr Amin
- Biology Department, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.,The College, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xugang Li
- Sino-German Joint Research Center on Agricultural Biology, State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, Shandong Province, China
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Zhao X, Patil S, Xu F, Lin X, Qian A. Role of Biomolecules in Osteoclasts and Their Therapeutic Potential for Osteoporosis. Biomolecules 2021; 11:747. [PMID: 34067783 PMCID: PMC8156890 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteoclasts (OCs) are important cells that are involved in the regulation of bone metabolism and are mainly responsible for coordinating bone resorption with bone formation to regulate bone remodeling. The imbalance between bone resorption and formation significantly affects bone metabolism. When the activity of osteoclasts exceeds the osteoblasts, it results in a condition called osteoporosis, which is characterized by reduced bone microarchitecture, decreased bone mass, and increased occurrences of fracture. Molecules, including transcription factors, proteins, hormones, nucleic acids, such as non-coding RNAs, play an important role in osteoclast proliferation, differentiation, and function. In this review, we have highlighted the role of these molecules in osteoclasts regulation and osteoporosis. The developed therapeutics targeting these molecules for the treatment of osteoporosis in recent years have also been discussed with challenges faced in clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhao
- School of Pharmacy, Shaanxi Institute of International Trade & Commerce, Xi’an 712046, China;
| | - Suryaji Patil
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Fang Xu
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Xiao Lin
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
| | - Airong Qian
- Xi’an Key Laboratory of Special Medicine and Health Engineering, Key Lab for Space Biosciences and Biotechnology, Research Center for Special Medicine and Health Systems Engineering, NPU-UAB Joint Laboratory for Bone Metabolism, School of Life Sciences, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710072, China; (S.P.); (F.X.); (X.L.)
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