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You F, Nicco C, Harakawa Y, Yoshikawa T, Inufusa H. The Potential of Twendee X ® as a Safe Antioxidant Treatment for Systemic Sclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3064. [PMID: 38474309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25053064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by systemic skin hardening, which combines Raynaud's phenomenon and other vascular disorders, skin and internal organ fibrosis, immune disorders, and a variety of other abnormalities. Symptoms vary widely among individuals, and personalized treatment is sought for each patient. Since there is no fundamental cure for SSc, it is designated as an intractable disease with patients receiving government subsidies for medical expenses in Japan. Oxidative stress (OS) has been reported to play an important role in the cause and symptoms of SSc. HOCl-induced SSc mouse models are known to exhibit skin and visceral fibrosis, vascular damage, and autoimmune-like symptoms observed in human SSc. The antioxidant combination Twendee X® (TwX) is a dietary supplement consisting of vitamins, amino acids, and CoQ10. TwX has been proven to prevent dementia in humans with mild cognitive impairment and significantly improve cognitive impairment in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model by regulating OS through a strong antioxidant capacity that cannot be achieved with a single antioxidant ingredient. We evaluated the effectiveness of TwX on various symptoms of HOCl-induced SSc mice. TwX-treated HOCl-induced SSc mice showed significantly reduced lung and skin fibrosis compared to untreated HOCl-induced SSc mice. TwX also significantly reduced highly oxidized protein products (AOPP) in serum and suppressed Col-1 gene expression and activation of B cells involved in autoimmunity. These findings suggest that TwX has the potential to be a new antioxidant treatment for SSc without side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fukka You
- Division of Anti-Oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Yanagito 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Anti-Oxidant Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanakamonzen-cho 103-5, Sa-kyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Carole Nicco
- Université Paris Cité, 45 Rue des Saints-Pères, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Yoshiaki Harakawa
- Division of Anti-Oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Yanagito 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanakamonzen-cho 103-5, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
- School of Medicine, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Haruhiko Inufusa
- Division of Anti-Oxidant Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University, Yanagito 1-1, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
- Anti-Oxidant Research Laboratory, Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, Tanakamonzen-cho 103-5, Sa-kyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
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2
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Kumar GS. Preparation of Oxidized and Reduced PTP4A1 for Structural and Functional Studies. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2743:211-222. [PMID: 38147218 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3569-8_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
The formation of a reversible disulfide bond between the catalytic cysteine and a spatially neighboring cysteine (backdoor) in protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) serves as a critical regulatory mechanism for maintaining the activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases. The failure of such protection results in the formation of irreversibly oxidized cysteines into sulfonic acid in a highly oxidative cellular environment in the presence of free radicals. Hence, it is important to develop methods to interconvert PTPs into reduced and oxidized forms to understand their catalytic function in vitro. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 4A type 1 (PTP4A1), a dual-specificity phosphatase, is catalytically active in the reduced form. Unexpectedly, also its oxidized form performs a key biological function in systemic sclerosis (SSc) by forming a kinase-phosphatase complex with Src kinases. Thus, we developed simple and efficient protocols for producing oxidized and reduced PTP4A1 to elucidate their biological function, which can be extended to study other protein tyrosine phosphatases and other recombinantly produced proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesan Senthil Kumar
- Integrative Structural Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India.
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3
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Dziedzic R, Wójcik K, Olchawa M, Sarna T, Pięta J, Jakieła B, Padjas A, Korona A, Zaręba L, Potaczek DP, Kosałka-Węgiel J, Jurczyszyn A, Bazan-Socha S. Increased oxidative stress response in circulating blood of systemic sclerosis patients - relation to disease characteristics and inflammatory blood biomarkers. Semin Arthritis Rheum 2023; 62:152228. [PMID: 37429138 DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2023.152228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare connective tissue disorder of unknown etiology characterized by organ fibrosis and microcirculation dysfunction. Emerging evidence suggests that SSc is related to increased oxidative stress, which contributes to further tissue and vascular damage. METHODS Oxidative stress response in the peripheral blood was assessed in patients with SSc (n = 55) and well-matched controls (n = 44) using real-time monitoring of protein hydroperoxide (HP) formation by the coumarin boronic acid (CBA) assay. We also analyzed the relationship between HP generation and SSc clinics, systemic inflammation, and cellular fibronectin, an emerging biomarker of endothelial damage. RESULTS SSc was characterized by a significantly faster (2-fold) fluorescent product generation in the CBA assay and higher cumulative HP formation (3-fold) compared to controls (p<0.001, both). The dynamics of HP generation were not associated with the form of the disease (diffuse vs. limited SSc), current immunosuppressive therapy use, presence of abnormal nailfold capillaries, and autoantibody profile. Still, it was enhanced in patients with more severe illness and certain clinical manifestations (i.e., pulmonary hypertension, digital ulcers, and cyclophosphamide treatment) and in smokers (current or past). Higher serum CRP, blood eosinophil count, and cellular fibronectin with lower hemoglobin levels were independent determinants of increased HP formation. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a pro-oxidant imbalance in SSc, likely related to systemic inflammation and endothelial injury. However, extensive prospective studies are needed to verify whether it is also associated with clinical disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radosław Dziedzic
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Łazarza 16, 31-530 Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Wójcik
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Olchawa
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Sarna
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
| | - Jakub Pięta
- Institute of Applied Radiation Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Lodz, Poland
| | - Bogdan Jakieła
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Padjas
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Korona
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Lech Zaręba
- College of Natural Sciences, Institute of Computer Science, University of Rzeszow, Pigonia 1, 35-310 Rzeszow, Poland
| | - Daniel P Potaczek
- Translational Inflammation Research Division & Core Facility for Single Cell Multiomics, Philipps-University Marburg, Karl-von-Frisch-Straße 2, 35043 Marburg, Germany; Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung (CIGL), Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Aulweg 132, 35392 Gießen, Germany; Bioscientia MVZ Labor Mittelhessen GmbH, Rudolf-Diesel-Straße 4, 35394 Gießen, Germany
| | - Joanna Kosałka-Węgiel
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Artur Jurczyszyn
- Plasma Cell Dyscrasias Center, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Hematology, Faculty of Medicine, Kopernika 17, 31-501 Kraków, Poland
| | - Stanisława Bazan-Socha
- Jagiellonian University Medical College, Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jakubowskiego 2, 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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4
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Sadeghi Shaker M, Rokni M, Mahmoudi M, Farhadi E. Ras family signaling pathway in immunopathogenesis of inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1151246. [PMID: 37256120 PMCID: PMC10225558 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1151246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The Ras (rat sarcoma virus) is a GTP-binding protein that is considered one of the important members of the Ras-GTPase superfamily. The Ras involves several pathways in the cell that include proliferation, migration, survival, differentiation, and fibrosis. Abnormalities in the expression level and activation of the Ras family signaling pathway and its downstream kinases such as Raf/MEK/ERK1-2 contribute to the pathogenic mechanisms of rheumatic diseases including immune system dysregulation, inflammation, and fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc); destruction and inflammation of synovial tissue in rheumatoid arthritis (RA); and autoantibody production and immune complexes formation in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE); and enhance osteoblast differentiation and ossification during skeletal formation in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). In this review, the basic biology, signaling of Ras, and abnormalities in this pathway in rheumatic diseases including SSc, RA, AS, and SLE will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Sadeghi Shaker
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohsen Rokni
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Immunology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdi Mahmoudi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elham Farhadi
- Rheumatology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Inflammation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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5
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Zhang R, Kumar GS, Hansen U, Zoccheddu M, Sacchetti C, Holmes ZJ, Lee MC, Beckmann D, Wen Y, Mikulski Z, Yang S, Santelli E, Page R, Boin F, Peti W, Bottini N. Oxidative stress promotes fibrosis in systemic sclerosis through stabilization of a kinase-phosphatase complex. JCI Insight 2022; 7:155761. [PMID: 35451370 PMCID: PMC9089796 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.155761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a fibrotic autoimmune disease characterized by pathogenic activation of fibroblasts enhanced by local oxidative stress. The tyrosine phosphatase PTP4A1 was identified as a critical promoter of TGF-β signaling in SSc. Oxidative stress is known to functionally inactivate tyrosine phosphatases. Here, we assessed whether oxidation of PTP4A1 modulates its profibrotic action and found that PTP4A1 forms a complex with the kinase SRC in scleroderma fibroblasts, but surprisingly, oxidative stress enhanced rather than reduced PTP4A1’s association with SRC and its profibrotic action. Through structural assessment of the oxo-PTP4A1-SRC complex, we unraveled an unexpected mechanism whereby oxidation of a tyrosine phosphatase promotes its function through modification of its protein complex. Considering the importance of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of SSc and fibrosis, our findings suggest routes for leveraging PTP4A1 oxidation as a potential strategy for developing antifibrotic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiyuan Zhang
- Department of Medicine and.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Ganesan Senthil Kumar
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Uwe Hansen
- Institute for Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Munster, Munster, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Zbigniew Mikulski
- Microscopy and Histology Core Facility, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, California, USA
| | | | | | - Rebecca Page
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Francesco Boin
- Division of Rheumatology, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wolfgang Peti
- Department of Molecular Biology & Biophysics, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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6
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Orvain C, Cauvet A, Prudent A, Guignabert C, Thuillet R, Ottaviani M, Tu L, Duhalde F, Nicco C, Batteux F, Avouac J, Wang N, Seaberg MA, Dillon SR, Allanore Y. Acazicolcept (ALPN-101), a dual ICOS/CD28 antagonist, demonstrates efficacy in systemic sclerosis preclinical mouse models. Arthritis Res Ther 2022; 24:13. [PMID: 34986869 PMCID: PMC8728910 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02709-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Uncontrolled immune response with T cell activation has a key role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc), a disorder that is characterized by generalized fibrosis affecting particularly the lungs and skin. Costimulatory molecules are key players during immune activation, and recent evidence supports a role of CD28 and ICOS in the development of fibrosis. We herein investigated the efficacy of acazicolcept (ALPN-101), a dual ICOS/CD28 antagonist, in two complementary SSc-related mouse models recapitulating skin fibrosis, interstitial lung disease, and pulmonary hypertension. Methods Expression of circulating soluble ICOS and skin-expressed ICOS was investigated in SSc patients. Thereafter, acazicolcept was evaluated in the hypochlorous acid (HOCL)-induced dermal fibrosis mouse model and in the Fra-2 transgenic (Tg) mouse model. In each model, mice received 400 μg of acazicolcept or a molar-matched dose of an Fc control protein twice a week for 6 weeks. After 6 weeks, skin and lung were evaluated. Results ICOS was significantly increased in the sera from SSc patients and in SSc skin biopsies as compared to samples from healthy controls. Similar body weight changes were observed between Fc control and acazicolcept groups in both HOCL and Fra-2 Tg mice suggesting a good tolerance of acazicolcept treatment. In mice challenged with HOCL, acazicolcept induced a significant decrease in dermal thickness, collagen content, myofibroblast number, and inflammatory infiltrates characterized by B cells, T cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. In the Fra-2 Tg mouse model, acazicolcept treatment reduced lung collagen content, fibrillar collagen, histological fibrosis score, and right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP). A reduction in frequency of CD4+ and T effector memory cells and an increase in the percentage of CD4+ T naïve cells in spleen and lung of acazicolcept-treated Fra-2 Tg mice was observed as compared to Fc control-treated Fra-2 Tg mice. Moreover, acazicolcept reduced CD69 and PD-1 expression on CD4+ T cells from the spleen and the lung. Target engagement by acazicolcept was demonstrated by blockade of CD28 and ICOS detection by flow cytometry in treated mice. Conclusions Our results confirm the importance of costimulatory molecules in inflammatory-driven fibrosis. Our data highlight a key role of ICOS and CD28 in SSc. Using complementary models, we demonstrated that dual ICOS/CD28 blockade by acazicolcept decreased dermal and pulmonary fibrosis and alleviated pulmonary hypertension. These results pave the way for subsequent research on ICOS/CD28-targeted therapies. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02709-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Orvain
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Anne Cauvet
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Alexis Prudent
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Guignabert
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Raphaël Thuillet
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Mina Ottaviani
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Ly Tu
- INSERM UMR_S 999, Le Plessis-Robinson, France.,Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
| | - Fanny Duhalde
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Carole Nicco
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Hôpital Universitaire Paris Centre (HUPC), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Cochin, Service d'immunologie biologique (Professeur Batteux), Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Avouac
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France.,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Cochin, 75014, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Yannick Allanore
- Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, INSERM U1016, Institut Cochin, CNRS UMR8104, Paris, France. .,Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Service de Rhumatologie A, Hôpital 27 rue du Faubourg Saint-Jacques, Cochin, 75014, Paris, France.
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7
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Oxidative Stress Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) and NADPH Oxidase 4 (NOX4) in the Pathogenesis of the Fibrotic Process in Systemic Sclerosis: A Promising Therapeutic Target. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10204791. [PMID: 34682914 PMCID: PMC8539594 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10204791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Revised: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous clinical and research investigations conducted during the last two decades have implicated excessive oxidative stress caused by high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the development of the severe and frequently progressive fibrotic process in Systemic Sclerosis (SSc). The role of excessive oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis has been supported by the demonstration of increased levels of numerous biomarkers, indicative of cellular and molecular oxidative damage in serum, plasma, and other biological fluids from SSc patients, and by the demonstration of elevated production of ROS by various cell types involved in the SSc fibrotic process. However, the precise mechanisms mediating oxidative stress development in SSc and its pathogenetic effects have not been fully elucidated. The participation of the NADPH oxidase NOX4, has been suggested and experimentally supported by the demonstration that SSc dermal fibroblasts display constitutively increased NOX4 expression and that reduction or abrogation of NOX4 effects decreased ROS production and the expression of genes encoding fibrotic proteins. Furthermore, NOX4-stimulated ROS production may be involved in the development of certain endothelial and vascular abnormalities and may even participate in the generation of SSc-specific autoantibodies. Collectively, these observations suggest NOX4 as a novel therapeutic target for SSc.
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8
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Kong K, Koontz D, Morse C, Roth E, Domsic RT, Simon MA, Stratton E, Buchholz C, Tobin-Finch K, Simms R, George MP, Hassoun PM, Farber H, Lafyatis R. A Pilot Study of Dimethyl Fumarate in Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Systemic Sclerosis. JOURNAL OF SCLERODERMA AND RELATED DISORDERS 2021; 6:242-246. [PMID: 35005243 DOI: 10.1177/23971983211016196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Given the poor treatment options for pulmonary arterial hypertension associated systemic sclerosis (SSc-PAH) patients, we sought to determine clinical safety and efficacy of Dimethylfumarate (DMF), an Nrf2 agonist, and the effects on biomarkers of oxidative stress on SSc-PAH in an exploratory interventional clinical trial. Objectives The primary objectives were to assess the safety and efficacy of treatment with DMF in patients with SSc-PAH. Methods This was an investigator-initiated, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial conducted at two sites in the United States. The primary safety endpoint was the incidence of serious adverse events (SAEs) and all adverse events (AEs) in DMF compared to placebo-treated patients. The primary efficacy endpoint was the change in 6MWD from baseline to the end of treatment at Week 24 in DMF compared to placebo-treated patients. Results Six participants were randomized to either placebo (n = 2) or DMF (n = 4). Baseline demographics were similar in both groups. A total of 25 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 6 subjects, with 14 AEs (56.0%) having occurred in DMF-treated subjects. 3 occurrences were identified as nausea AEs, and two participants withdrew due to nausea. One participant in the placebo group was withdrawn after a hospitalization SAE due to worsening of heart failure and shortness of breath secondary to anemia. One participant in each group completed protocol. Subjects in the DMF-treated group showed a non-significant reduced decline in 6MWD (relative mean change of -7.07%) from baseline to Week 24 as compared to placebo-treated subjects (relative mean change of -14.97%). Conclusion Patients treated for SSc-PAH with 2 and 3-drug regimens, as is now typical for these patients, tolerate DMF poorly. Our small samples size did not provide power to suggest efficacy. We suggest that Nrf2 is still a valid therapeutic target for future trials, using better tolerated Nrf2 agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristi Kong
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Diane Koontz
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Christina Morse
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eileen Roth
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Robyn T Domsic
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Marc A Simon
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Eric Stratton
- Division of Rheumatology, Arthritis Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Connor Buchholz
- Division of Rheumatology, Arthritis Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | | | - Robert Simms
- Division of Rheumatology, Arthritis Center, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - M Patricia George
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO
| | - Paul M Hassoun
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Harrison Farber
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Robert Lafyatis
- Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
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9
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Assar S, Khazaei H, Naseri M, El-Senduny F, Momtaz S, Farzaei MH, Echeverría J. Natural Formulations: Novel Viewpoint for Scleroderma Adjunct Treatment. J Immunol Res 2021; 2021:9920416. [PMID: 34258301 PMCID: PMC8253639 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9920416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma is a complex disease involving autoimmune, vascular, and connective tissues, with unknown etiology that can progress through any organ systems. OBJECTIVE Yet, no cure is available; the thorough treatment of scleroderma and current treatments are based on controlling inflammation. Nowadays, medicinal plants/natural-based formulations are emerging as important regulators of many diseases, including autoimmune diseases. Here, we provided an overview of scleroderma, also focused on recent studies on medicinal plants/natural-based formulations that are beneficial in scleroderma treatment/prevention. METHODS This study is the result of a search in PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library with "scleroderma", "systemic sclerosis", "plant", "herb", and "phytochemical" keywords. Finally, 22 articles were selected from a total of 1513 results entered in this study. RESULTS Natural products can modulate the inflammatory and/or oxidative mediators, regulate the production or function of the immune cells, and control the collagen synthesis, thereby attenuating the experimental and clinical manifestation of the disease. CONCLUSION Natural compounds can be considered an adjunct treatment for scleroderma to improve the quality of life of patients suffering from this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shirin Assar
- Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Hosna Khazaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Maryam Naseri
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Fardous El-Senduny
- Biochemistry Division, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
| | - Saeideh Momtaz
- Medicinal Plants Research Center, Institute of Medicinal Plants, ACECR, Karaj, Iran
- Toxicology and Diseases Group (TDG), Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (TIPS), and Department of Toxicology and Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417614411, Iran
- Gastrointestinal Pharmacology Interest Group (GPIG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hosein Farzaei
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran
| | - Javier Echeverría
- Departamento de Ciencias del Ambiente, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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10
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Antinozzi C, Sgrò P, Marampon F, Caporossi D, Del Galdo F, Dimauro I, Di Luigi L. Sildenafil Counteracts the In Vitro Activation of CXCL-9, CXCL-10 and CXCL-11/CXCR3 Axis Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species in Scleroderma Fibroblasts. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:491. [PMID: 34073032 PMCID: PMC8229934 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/29/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress plays a key role in systemic sclerosis (SSc) pathogenesis, and an altered redox homeostasis might be responsible for abnormal inflammatory status, fibrosis and tissue damage extension. In this study, we explored the effect of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor sildenafil in modulating the activation of the CXCL-9, -10, -11/CXCR3 axis, which is fundamental in the perpetuation of inflammation in different autoimmune diseases, in the cell culture of SSc human dermal fibroblasts exposed to a pro-oxidant environment. We observed that sildenafil significantly reduced gene expression and release of CXCL-9, -10 and -11, inhibited the CXCR3 action and suppressed the activation of STAT1-, JNK- and p38MAPK pathways. This in vitro study on dermal fibroblasts supports clinical studies to consider the efficacy of sildenafil in preventing tissue damage and fibrosis in SSc by targeting central biomarkers of disease progression, vascular injuries and fibrosis and reducing the pro-inflammatory activation induced by oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (P.S.); (F.M.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (P.S.); (F.M.); (L.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Marampon
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (P.S.); (F.M.); (L.D.L.)
- Department of Radiotherapy, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Leeds Institue of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine and Diseases and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (P.S.); (F.M.); (L.D.L.)
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11
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Baral H, Sekiguchi A, Uchiyama A, Nisaa Amalia S, Yamazaki S, Inoue Y, Yokoyama Y, Ogino S, Torii R, Hosoi M, Akai R, Iwawaki T, Ishikawa O, Motegi SI. Inhibition of skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis by botulinum toxin B via the suppression of oxidative stress. J Dermatol 2021; 48:1052-1061. [PMID: 33840125 DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.15888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been reported to play an important role in the pathogenesis of skin fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc). We previously identified that botulinum toxin (BTX) injection suppresses pressure ulcer formation in a cutaneous ischemia-reperfusion injury mouse model by regulation of oxidative stress. However, the therapeutic possibility of BTX administration for preventing skin fibrosis in SSc is unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of BTX-B on skin fibrosis in a murine model of SSc and determine the underlying mechanism. We found that BTX-B injection significantly reduced dermal thickness and inflammatory cell infiltration in bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis lesion in mice. We also identified that the oxidative stress signal detected through bioluminescence in OKD48 mice after bleomycin injection in the skin was significantly decreased by BTX-B. Additionally, mRNA levels of oxidative stress associated factors (NOX2, HO-1, Trx2) were significantly decreased by BTX-B. Apoptotic cells in the lesional skin of bleomycin-treated mice were significantly reduced by BTX-B. Oxidant-induced intracellular accumulation of reactive oxygen species in SSc fibroblasts was also inhibited by BTX-B. In conclusion, BTX-B might improve bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis via the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammatory cells in the skin. BTX-B injection may have a therapeutic effect on skin fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hritu Baral
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akiko Sekiguchi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Akihiko Uchiyama
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Syahla Nisaa Amalia
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sahori Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yuta Inoue
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yoko Yokoyama
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sachiko Ogino
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryoko Torii
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Mari Hosoi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Ryoko Akai
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Takao Iwawaki
- Division of Cell Medicine, Department of Life Science, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Osamu Ishikawa
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichiro Motegi
- Department of Dermatology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
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12
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The Phosphodiesterase Type 5 Inhibitor Sildenafil Improves DNA Stability and Redox Homeostasis in Systemic Sclerosis Fibroblasts Exposed to Reactive Oxygen Species. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9090786. [PMID: 32854347 PMCID: PMC7555932 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9090786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a multi-system connective tissue disease characterized by the increased deposition of extracellular matrix proteins such as collagen and fibronectin. Although the pathogenesis is not completely understood, a number of studies suggest that free radicals could be the major contributors to the disease. Indeed, different studies demonstrated how oxidative stress could contribute to the fibrotic process activation at the level of the skin and visceral organs. Emerging evidences highlight the beneficial effects of sildenafil, a phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i), which protects different cell lines from the cell damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). These data make sildenafil a good candidate for therapeutic treatment aimed to protect biological macromolecules against oxidative damage, thus preserving cell viability. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sensitivity of SSc dermal fibroblasts to an oxidative insult and the ability for sildenafil to prevent/reduce the DNA damage due to ROS action. Additionally, we evaluated the capacity for sildenafil to influence redox homeostasis and cytotoxicity, as well as cell proliferation and cell cycle progression. We demonstrated that SSc fibroblasts have an increased sensitivity to a pro-oxidant environment in comparison to healthy controls. The sildenafil treatment reduced ROS-induced DNA damage, counteracted the negative effects of ROS on cell viability and proliferation, and promoted the activity of specific enzymes involved in redox homeostasis maintenance. To our knowledge, in this report, we demonstrate, for the first time, that sildenafil administration prevents ROS-induced instability in human dermal fibroblasts isolated by SSc patients. These results expand the use of PDE5i as therapeutic agents in SSc by indicating a protective role in tissue damage induced by oxidative insult.
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13
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Dinsdale G, Wilkinson S, Wilkinson J, Moore TL, Manning JB, Berks M, Marjanovic E, Dickinson M, Herrick AL, Murray AK. State-of-the-art technologies provide new insights linking skin and blood vessel abnormalities in SSc-related disorders. Microvasc Res 2020; 130:104006. [PMID: 32320708 PMCID: PMC7522709 DOI: 10.1016/j.mvr.2020.104006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A key unanswered question in systemic sclerosis (SSc) is how microvascular abnormality and fibrosis inter-relate. Our aim was to use state-of-the-art non-invasive imaging methods to gain new insights into pathophysiology, comparing patients with different subtypes of SSc, including early dcSSc, not only to healthy controls but also to patients with causes of Raynaud's phenomenon not progressing to fibrosis. METHODS Laser Doppler imaging, nailfold capillaroscopy, spectroscopy, and ultrasound measured (respectively) perfusion, microvascular structure, oxygenation/oxidative stress, and skin thickening in the hands of 265 subjects: 31 patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP), 35 with undifferentiated connective tissue disease (UCTD), 93 with limited cutaneous SSc (lcSSc), 46 with diffuse cutaneous SSc (dcSSc, including 27 'early') and 60 healthy controls. RESULTS Mean perfusion was reduced in SSc groups compared to controls (lcSSc 172 perfusion units [standard deviation 157], late-dcSSc 90 [145], early-dcSSc 68 [137] vs. controls 211 [146]; p = 0.0002) as was finger-oxygenation (lcSSc 12.1 [13.6] arbitrary units [AU], late-dcSSc 12.2 [8.4], early-dcSSc 11.1 [11.3] vs controls 14.9 [10.5]; p = 0.0049). Oxidative stress was increased at the hand-dorsum in SSc groups (p = 0.0007). Perfusion positively correlated with oxygenation (r = 0.23, p < 0.001), and capillary density negatively with skin thickness (r = -0.26, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our findings lend support to the hypothesis that in SSc, particularly early dcSSc, (but not in PRP or UCTD), reduced perfusion (together with structural microvascular abnormality) associates with reduced oxygenation, with oxidative stress and with skin thickening/fibrosis, most likely driving a vicious cycle which ultimately results in irreversible tissue injury. Findings in skin may mirror alterations in internal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Dinsdale
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Sarah Wilkinson
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Jack Wilkinson
- Centre for Biostatistics, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health The University of Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Tonia L Moore
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Joanne B Manning
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Michael Berks
- Centre for Imaging Sciences, Division of Informatics, Imaging and Data Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Elizabeth Marjanovic
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Mark Dickinson
- Photon Science Institute, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; The Dept of Physics and Astronomy, Unversity of Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Ariane L Herrick
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
| | - Andrea K Murray
- Division of Musculoskeletal and Dermatological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland; Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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14
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Di Luigi L, Sgrò P, Duranti G, Sabatini S, Caporossi D, Del Galdo F, Dimauro I, Antinozzi C. Sildenafil Reduces Expression and Release of IL-6 and IL-8 Induced by Reactive Oxygen Species in Systemic Sclerosis Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3161. [PMID: 32365773 PMCID: PMC7246497 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress linked to vascular damage plays an important role in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). Indeed, vascular damage at nailfold capillaroscopy in patients with Raynaud's Phenomenon (RP) is a major risk factor for the development of SSc together with the presence of specific autoantiobodies. Here, we investigated the effects of the phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor (PDE5i) sildenafil, currently used in the management of RP, in modulating the proinflammatory response of dermal fibroblasts to oxidative stress in vitro. Human fibroblasts isolated from SSc patients and healthy controls were exposed to exogenous reactive oxygen species (ROS) (100 µM H2O2), in the presence or absence of sildenafil (1 µM). Treatment with sildenafil significantly reduced dermal fibroblast gene expression and cellular release of IL-6, known to play a central role in the pathogenesis of tissue damage in SSc and IL-8, directly induced by ROS. This reduction was associated with suppression of STAT3-, ERK-, NF-κB-, and PKB/AKT-dependent pathways. Our findings support the notion that the employment of PDE5i in the management of RP may be explored for its efficacy in modulating the oxidative stress-induced proinflammatory activation of dermal fibroblasts in vivo and may ultimately aid in the prevention of tissue damage caused by SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Di Luigi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Paolo Sgrò
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Guglielmo Duranti
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Stefania Sabatini
- Unit of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (G.D.); (S.S.)
| | - Daniela Caporossi
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Francesco Del Galdo
- Division of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Diseases, Leeds Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - Ivan Dimauro
- Unit of Biology and Genetic, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (D.C.); (I.D.)
| | - Cristina Antinozzi
- Unit of Endocrinology, Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome “Foro Italico”, 00135 Rome, Italy; (L.D.L.); (P.S.)
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15
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Possible Influence of Oxidative Stress on Development of Raynaud Phenomenon in Patients With CREST Scleroderma Syndrome. SERBIAN JOURNAL OF DERMATOLOGY AND VENEREOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.2478/sjdv-2018-0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
CREST syndrome represents a form of scleroderma where the progressive autoimmune reaction is mainly manifested by the main symptoms, which make this acronym: calcinosis cutis, Raynaud phenomenon, esophageal dysmotility, sclerodactyly and teleangiectasia. Among the first affected organs is the skin followed by the excessive fibrosis manifested by the deposition of collagen in dermis. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) theory has been underlined as one of the main pathogenetic mechanisms and triggering factor in development of scleroderma. The present study was aimed at estimating the marker of lipid peroxidation products (MDA) in plasma of patients with CREST syndrome having manifested symptoms of both Raynaud syndrome and positive ANA antibodies. The lipid peroxidation (MDA) level was significantly higher in the patients who had CREST syndrome and Raynaud syndrome for less than 10 years compared to the patients suffering from Raynoud syndrome for more than 10 years (p<0.05). Both groups were found to have a significant MDA level increase (p<0.001) compared to the control healthy subjects. In conclusion, the relationship between lipid peroxidation (MDA level) and Raynaud syndrome appearance may emphasize the role of ROS produced by the ischemia-reperfusion injury as an early pathogenetic mechanism in CREST scleroderma syndrome.
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16
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Thuan DTB, Zayed H, Eid AH, Abou-Saleh H, Nasrallah GK, Mangoni AA, Pintus G. A Potential Link Between Oxidative Stress and Endothelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition in Systemic Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1985. [PMID: 30283435 PMCID: PMC6156139 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc), an autoimmune disease that is associated with a number of genetic and environmental risk factors, is characterized by progressive fibrosis and microvasculature damage in the skin, lungs, heart, digestive system, kidneys, muscles, joints, and nervous system. These abnormalities are associated with altered secretion of growth factor and profibrotic cytokines, such as transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), interleukin-4 (IL-4), platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), and connective-tissue growth factor (CTGF). Among the cellular responses to this proinflammatory environment, the endothelial cells phenotypic conversion into activated myofibroblasts, a process known as endothelial to mesenchymal transition (EndMT), has been postulated. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) might play a key role in SSs-associated fibrosis and vascular damage by mediating and/or activating TGF-β-induced EndMT, a phenomenon that has been observed in other disease models. In this review, we identified and critically appraised published studies investigating associations ROS and EndMT and the presence of EndMT in SSc, highlighting a potential link between oxidative stress and EndMT in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duong Thi Bich Thuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Hue University of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Hue, Hue, Vietnam
| | - Hatem Zayed
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ali H Eid
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Haissam Abou-Saleh
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Gheyath K Nasrallah
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arduino A Mangoni
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Medical Centre, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.,Biomedical Research Center, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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17
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Clifton HL, Machin DR, Groot HJ, Frech TM, Donato AJ, Richardson RS, Wray DW. Attenuated nitric oxide bioavailability in systemic sclerosis: Evidence from the novel assessment of passive leg movement. Exp Physiol 2018; 103:1412-1424. [PMID: 29790215 DOI: 10.1113/ep086991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Do systemic sclerosis patients exhibit impaired nitric oxide-mediated vascular function of the lower limb and are these decrements correlated with plasma biomarkers for inflammation and oxidative stress? What is the main finding and its importance? Findings indicate impaired nitric oxide-mediated vascular function, linked to the incidence of digital ulcers and a milieu of inflammation and oxidative stress. However, the absence of significant correlations between individual biomarkers and blood flow responses suggests that the vasculopathy observed in systemic sclerosis may not be solely the result of derangements in the redox balance or inflammatory signalling. ABSTRACT Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by vasculopathy, which may be the consequence of inflammation and oxidative stress that ultimately leads to a reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability. Passive leg movement (PLM) is a novel methodology for assessing lower limb vascular function that is predominantly NO dependent. We combined this vascular assessment with a comprehensive panel of plasma biomarkers to assess the axis of inflammation, oxidative stress and NO in SSc patients (n = 12; 62 ± 11 years of age) compared with healthy control subjects (n = 17; 60 ± 16 years of age). The PLM-induced changes in leg blood flow (LBF; 191 ± 104 versus 327 ± 217 ml min-1 ) and LBF area under the curve (39 ± 104 versus 125 ± 131 ml) were reduced in SSc compared with control subjects. Stratification of patients according to history of digital ulcer (DU) formation revealed a further reduction in LBF area under the curve in DU (-13 ± 83 ml) versus non-DU (91 ± 102 ml) patients. Biomarkers of inflammation (C-reactive protein) and oxidative stress (malondialdehyde and protein carbonyl) were all elevated in SSc (C-reactive protein, 3299 ± 2372 versus 984 ± 565 ng ml-1 ; malondialdehyde, 3.2 ± 1.1 versus 1.1 ± 0.7 μm; and protein carbonyl, 0.15 ± 0.05 versus 0.12 ± 0.03 nmol mg-1 ), and C-reactive protein was further elevated in patients with a history of DU (4551 ± 2752 versus 2047 ± 1019 ng ml-1 ) compared with non-DU, although these were not individually correlated with changes in LBF. These findings of impaired NO-mediated vascular function, linked to DU and a milieu of inflammation and oxidative stress, suggest that redox balance plays an important, but not necessarily deterministic, role in the vascular pathophysiology of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather L Clifton
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Daniel R Machin
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - H Jonathan Groot
- Department of Health, Kinesiology, and Recreation, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Tracy M Frech
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Biochemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Russell S Richardson
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - D Walter Wray
- Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center, George E. Wahlen VA Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.,Center on Aging, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
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18
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Cheng P, Zhang J, Huang J, Miao Q, Xu C, Pu K. Near-infrared fluorescence probes to detect reactive oxygen species for keloid diagnosis. Chem Sci 2018; 9:6340-6347. [PMID: 30310562 PMCID: PMC6115726 DOI: 10.1039/c8sc01865k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of molecular probes for the detection of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) is important for the pathology and diagnosis of diseases. Although an abnormally high RONS level has been identified in keloids - a benign dermal tumour developed after lesion, the ability of employing RONS probes for keloid detection has not yet been exploited. Herein, we report two near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes (CyTF and CyBA) that can specifically distinguish keloid fibroblasts from normal dermal fibroblasts. Both CyTF and CyBA show a 15-fold NIR fluorescence enhancement at 717 nm upon reaction with RONS. However, because CyTF has higher specificity towards ONOO- than CyBA, CyTF can detect stimulated fibroblasts in a more sensitive way, showing 3.76 and 2.26-fold fluorescence increments in TGF-β1 stimulated dermal fibroblasts and keloid fibroblasts, respectively. Furthermore, CyTF permits specific detection of implanted keloid fibroblasts in a xenograft live mouse model. Our work thus developed a new optical imaging approach that has the potential for early diagnosis and drug screening of keloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghui Cheng
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 637457 Singapore .
| | - Jianjian Zhang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 637457 Singapore .
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule Chemistry of Ministry of Education , College of Chemistry and Materials Science , Northwest University , Xi'an , Shaanxi 710127 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaguo Huang
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 637457 Singapore .
| | - Qingqing Miao
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 637457 Singapore .
| | - Chenjie Xu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 637457 Singapore .
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering , Nanyang Technological University , 637457 Singapore .
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19
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Frech TM, Machin DR, Murtaugh MA, Stoddard GJ, Bloom SI, Phibbs JV, Donato AJ. Implications of endothelial shear stress on systemic sclerosis vasculopathy and treatment. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2018; 36 Suppl 113:175-182. [PMID: 30277867 PMCID: PMC6542469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
There are no Federal Drug Administration approved drugs for the treatment of systemic sclerosis vascular digital ulcers (DU) in the United States, which are thought to be an end-stage result of prolonged ischaemia due to severe, prolonged Raynaud's phenomenon. Most therapeutics for vasodilation used in SSc work different pathways to target the smooth muscle to induce vessel relaxation. Longitudinal studies of vascular function allow insight into the effects of medications used for Raynaud's phenomenon in the SSc patient population. In this review, we discuss vascular tone, the function of the endothelium in SSc, and provide the rationale for longitudinal studies of vascular function and therapeutics that target the endothelial shear stress in addition to vasodilation for treatment and prevention of DU. This review provides the rationale for vasodilatory medication use for treatment of SSc-related DU and justifies access to non-FDA approved medications for this indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tracy M Frech
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine; University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics; and VAMC Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| | - Daniel R Machin
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Maureen A Murtaugh
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Gregory J Stoddard
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Samuel I Bloom
- University of Utah, Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jessica V Phibbs
- University of Utah Hospitals and Clinics, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Anthony J Donato
- University of Utah, Department of Internal Medicine; University of Utah, Department of Exercise and Sport Science; University of Utah, Dept. of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, University of Utah; and VAMC Salt Lake City, GRECC, Salt Lake City, USA
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20
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Vona R, Giovannetti A, Gambardella L, Malorni W, Pietraforte D, Straface E. Oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma: An overview. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 22:3308-3314. [PMID: 29664231 PMCID: PMC6010858 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare disorder of the connective tissue characterized by fibrosis of the skin, skeletal muscles and visceral organs. Additional manifestations include activation of the immune system and vascular injury. SSc causes disability and death as the result of end‐stage organ failure. Two clinical subsets of the SSc are accepted: limited cutaneous SSc (lc‐SSc) and diffuse cutaneous SSc (dc‐SSc). At present, the aetiology and pathogenesis of SSc remain obscure, and consequently, disease outcome is unpredictable. Numerous studies suggest that reactive oxidizing species (ROS) play an important role in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Over the years, several reports have supported this hypothesis for both lc‐SSc and dc‐SSc, although the specific role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of vascular injury and fibrosis remains to be clarified. The aim of the present review was to report and comment the recent findings regarding the involvement and role of oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis. Biomarkers proving the link between ROS and the main pathological features of SSc have been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Vona
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Walter Malorni
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Donatella Pietraforte
- Center for Gender-Specific Medicine, Biomarkers Unit, Rome, Italy.,Core Facilities, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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21
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Sng MK, Chan JSK, Teo Z, Phua T, Tan EHP, Wee JWK, Koh NJN, Tan CK, Chen JP, Pal M, Tong BMK, Tnay YL, Ng XR, Zhu P, Chiba S, Wang X, Wahli W, Tan NS. Selective deletion of PPARβ/δ in fibroblasts causes dermal fibrosis by attenuated LRG1 expression. Cell Discov 2018; 4:15. [PMID: 29619245 PMCID: PMC5880809 DOI: 10.1038/s41421-018-0014-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Connective tissue diseases of the skin are characterized by excessive collagen deposition in the skin and internal organs. Fibroblasts play a pivotal role in the clinical presentation of these conditions. Nuclear receptor peroxisome-proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are therapeutic targets for dermal fibrosis, but the contribution of the different PPAR subtypes are poorly understood. Particularly, the role of fibroblast PPARβ/δ in dermal fibrosis has not been elucidated. Thus, we generated a mouse strain with selective deletion of PPARβ/δ in the fibroblast (FSPCre-Pparb/d-/-) and interrogated its epidermal and dermal transcriptome profiles. We uncovered a downregulated gene, leucine-rich alpha-2-glycoprotein-1 (Lrg1), of previously unknown function in skin development and architecture. Our findings suggest that the regulation of Lrg1 by PPARβ/δ in fibroblasts is an important signaling conduit integrating PPARβ/δ and TGFβ1-signaling networks in skin health and disease. Thus, the FSPCre-Pparb/d-/- mouse model could serve as a novel tool in the current gunnery of animal models to better understand dermal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Keat Sng
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
| | - Jeremy Soon Kiat Chan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Ziqiang Teo
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Terri Phua
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
- Department of Microbiology, Tumor and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 16, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Eddie Han Pin Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Jonathan Wei Kiat Wee
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Nikki Jun Ning Koh
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Chek Kun Tan
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
| | - Jia Peng Chen
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
| | - Mintu Pal
- Biological Sciences and Technology Division, CSIR-North East Institute of Science and Technology, Jorhat, Assam 785006 India
| | - Benny Meng Kiat Tong
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Ya Lin Tnay
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xuan Rui Ng
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
| | - Pengcheng Zhu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
| | - Shunsuke Chiba
- School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 637371 Singapore
| | - Xiaomeng Wang
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Ophthalmology, University College London, London, UK
- Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, 169856 Singapore
| | - Walter Wahli
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
- INRA ToxAlim, Chemin de Tournefeuille, Toulouse Cedex 3, UMR1331 France
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Le Genopode, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nguan Soon Tan
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 60 Nanyang Drive, Singapore, 637551 Singapore
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Novena Campus, 11 Mandalay Road, Singapore, 308232 Singapore
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science Technology & Research, 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore, 138673 Singapore
- KK Research Centre, KK Women’s and Children Hospital, 100 Bukit Timah Road, Singapore, 229899 Singapore
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22
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Raker VK, Ook KY, Haub J, Lorenz N, Schmidt T, Stegemann A, Böhm M, Schuppan D, Steinbrink K. Myeloid cell populations and fibrogenic parameters in bleomycin- and HOCl-induced fibrosis. Exp Dermatol 2018; 25:887-894. [PMID: 27307019 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mouse models resembling systemic sclerosis can be chemically induced by application of bleomycin or hypochloric acid (HOCl). To date, little is known about inflammatory cells and their potential role in scleroderma (Scl)-related fibrosis. Therefore, we compared both Scl models to define the early immune cell subsets in relation to fibrosis-related parameters. Both agents induced a significant increase in dermal thickness and collagen deposition after 4 weeks, as hallmarks of Scl. However, clinical skin thickness, densely packed, sirius red-stained collagen bundles and collagen cross-links were more pronounced in HOCl-induced Scl. In parallel, there was a significant upregulation of procollagen α1(I), α-SMA and TGF-β transcripts in HOCl animals, whereas IL-1β and MMP-13 mRNA levels were significantly increased in bleomycin-treated mice. Flow cytometric analysis of the Scl skin demonstrated an early cellular infiltrate containing mainly CD19+ B cells, CD4+ T cells, CD11c+ DC and CD11b+ myeloid cells, the latter ones being significantly more prominent after HOCl injection. Subanalysis revealed that Scl mice exhibited a significant increase of inflammatory myeloid CD11b+ Ly6Clow-high CD64low-high cells (HOCl>bleomycin). In particular, in the HOCl model, activated dermal macrophages (CCR2low MHCIIhigh ) and monocyte-derived DC (CCR2high MHCIIhigh ) predominated over less activated CD11b+ myeloid cells. In conclusion, the two models differ in certain aspects of the murine and human scleroderma but in the HOCl model, myeloid CD11b+ MHCIIhigh cells correlate with some fibrosis-related parameters. Therefore, analysis of both models is suggested to cover a comprehensive profile of Scl symptoms but with focus on the HOCl model when the role of early myeloid immune cells will be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena K Raker
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany. .,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Kim Y Ook
- Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Jessica Haub
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Nadine Lorenz
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Talkea Schmidt
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | | | - Markus Böhm
- University Medical Center Münster, Munster, Germany
| | - Detlef Schuppan
- Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Institute of Translational Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Kerstin Steinbrink
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany.,Research Center for Immune Therapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz, Germany
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23
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Islam MS, Akhtar MM, Segars JH, Castellucci M, Ciarmela P. Molecular targets of dietary phytochemicals for possible prevention and therapy of uterine fibroids: Focus on fibrosis. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 57:3583-3600. [PMID: 28609115 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1245649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Uterine fibroids (myomas or leiomyomas) are common benign tumors of reproductive aged women. Fibroids are clinically apparent in 20-50% of women, and cause abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain and discomfort, pregnancy complications and infertility. Unfortunately, limited numbers of medical treatment are available but no effective preventive strategies exist. Moreover, the benefits of medical treatments are tempered by lack of efficacy or serious adverse side effects. Fibrosis has recently been recognized as a key pathological event in leiomyoma development and growth. It is defined by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM). ECM plays important role in making bulk structure of leiomyoma, and ECM-rich rigid structure is believed to be a cause of abnormal bleeding and pelvic pain/pressure. Dietary phytochemicals are known to regulate fibrotic process in different biological systems, and being considered as potential tool to manage human health. At present, very few dietary phytochemicals have been studied in uterine leiomyoma, and they are mostly known for their antiproliferative effects. Therefore, in this review, our aim was to introduce some dietary phytochemicals that could target fibrotic processes in leiomyoma. Thus, this review could serve as useful resource to develop antifibrotic drugs for possible prevention and treatment of uterine fibroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Soriful Islam
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,b Biotechnology and Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Botany , University of Rajshahi , Rajshahi , Bangladesh
| | - Most Mauluda Akhtar
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,c Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - James H Segars
- d Howard W. and Georgeanna Seegar Jones Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics , Johns Hopkins School of Medicine , Baltimore , Maryland , USA
| | - Mario Castellucci
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Pasquapina Ciarmela
- a Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine , Faculty of Medicine, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy.,e Department of Information Engineering , Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
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24
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Gamal SM, Elgengehy FT, Kamal A, El Bakry SA, Shabaan E, Elgendy A, Bassyouni IH. Growth Differentiation Factor-15 (GDF-15) Level and Relation to Clinical Manifestations in Egyptian Systemic Sclerosis patients: Preliminary Data. Immunol Invest 2017; 46:703-713. [DOI: 10.1080/08820139.2017.1360340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sherif M. Gamal
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fatema T. Elgengehy
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Asmaa Kamal
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Department, Faculty of medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samah A. El Bakry
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Ain Shams University Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Elham Shabaan
- Internal Medicine and Rheumatology Department, Ain Shams University Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aliaa Elgendy
- Complementary medical department, National Research Center, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Iman H. Bassyouni
- Rheumatology and Rehabilitation Department, Cairo University Hospital, Cairo, Egypt
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25
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Hughes T, O’Connor T, Techasen A, Namwat N, Loilome W, Andrews RH, Khuntikeo N, Yongvanit P, Sithithaworn P, Taylor-Robinson SD. Opisthorchiasis and cholangiocarcinoma in Southeast Asia: an unresolved problem. Int J Gen Med 2017; 10:227-237. [PMID: 28848361 PMCID: PMC5557399 DOI: 10.2147/ijgm.s133292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) in Southeast Asia is much higher than other areas of the world. Eating raw, fermented, or undercooked cyprinid fish, infected with the liver fluke, Opisthorchis viverrini sensu lato (sl), results in chronic biliary inflammation, periductal fibrosis, and increased cancer risk. There may be associated glomerulonephritis. The process of infection is difficult to disrupt because eating practices have proven extremely difficult to change, and the life cycle of the fluke cannot be broken due to high prevalence in canine and feline reservoir hosts. Fecal analysis and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay tests can be used to diagnose opisthorchiasis. Diagnosis of CCA is complex, partly due to the lack of definitive imaging characteristics but also due to the difficulty of obtaining samples for cytology or histology. This cancer has proven to be resistant to common chemotherapy treatments and so the two avenues of treatment available are surgical resection and liver transplantation, both requiring early detection of the tumor for the best chances of success. Late presentation of symptoms reduces the chances of successful surgical intervention. While liver fluke infections can be treated with praziquantel, individuals will often become reinfected, and multiple reinfections can be more harmful than a singular, long-term infection. A key research on the detection and characterization of novel biomarkers in all parts of the carcinogenic pathway for early diagnosis is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hughes
- Division of Digestive Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Thomas O’Connor
- Division of Digestive Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Anchalee Techasen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Nisana Namwat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Watcharin Loilome
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ross H Andrews
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Faculty of Medicine, St Mary’s Campus, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery
| | - Puangrat Yongvanit
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Biochemistry
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program (CASCAP), Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Centre, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Simon D Taylor-Robinson
- Division of Digestive Health, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, UK
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26
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Wei J, Zhu H, Lord G, Bhattachayya M, Jones BM, Allaway G, Biswal SS, Korman B, Marangoni RG, Tourtellotte WG, Varga J. Nrf2 exerts cell-autonomous antifibrotic effects: compromised function in systemic sclerosis and therapeutic rescue with a novel heterocyclic chalcone derivative. Transl Res 2017; 183:71-86.e1. [PMID: 28027929 PMCID: PMC7205471 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2016.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) governs antioxidant, innate immune and cytoprotective responses and its deregulation is prominent in chronic inflammatory conditions. To examine the hypothesis that Nrf2 might be implicated in systemic sclerosis (SSc), we investigated its expression, activity, and mechanism of action in SSc patient samples and mouse models of fibrosis and evaluated the effects of a novel pharmacologic Nrf2 agonist. We found that both expression and activity of Nrf2 were significantly reduced in SSc patient skin biopsies and showed negative correlation with inflammatory gene expression. In skin fibroblasts, Nrf2 mitigated fibrotic responses by blocking canonical transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)-Smad signaling, whereas silencing Nrf2 resulted in constitutively elevated collagen synthesis, spontaneous myofibroblast differentiation, and enhanced TGF-ß responses. Bleomycin treatment of Nrf2-null mice resulted in exaggerated fibrosis. In wild-type mice, treatment with a novel pharmacologic Nrf2 agonist 2-trifluoromethyl-2'-methoxychalcone prevented dermal fibrosis induced by TGF-β. These findings are the first to identify Nrf2 as a cell-intrinsic antifibrotic factor with key roles in maintaining extracellular matrix homeostasis and a pathogenic role in SSc. Pharmacologic reactivation of Nrf2, therefore, represents a novel therapeutic strategy toward effective treatment of fibrosis in SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wei
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
| | - Hongyan Zhu
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Gabriel Lord
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - Mitra Bhattachayya
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | | | - Shyam S Biswal
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Md
| | - Benjamin Korman
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | | | - Warren G Tourtellotte
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill; Department of Neurology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill
| | - John Varga
- Northwestern Scleroderma Program, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Ill.
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27
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Svegliati S, Amico D, Spadoni T, Fischetti C, Finke D, Moroncini G, Paolini C, Tonnini C, Grieco A, Rovinelli M, Funaro A, Gabrielli A. Agonistic Anti-PDGF Receptor Autoantibodies from Patients with Systemic Sclerosis Impact Human Pulmonary Artery Smooth Muscle Cells Function In Vitro. Front Immunol 2017; 8:75. [PMID: 28228756 PMCID: PMC5296309 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the earliest events in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc) is microvasculature damage with intimal hyperplasia and accumulation of cells expressing PDGF receptor. Stimulatory autoantibodies targeting PDGF receptor have been detected in SSc patients and demonstrated to induce fibrosis in vivo and convert in vitro normal fibroblasts into SSc-like cells. Since there is no evidence of the role of anti-PDGF receptor autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of SSc vascular lesions, we investigated the biologic effect of agonistic anti-PDGF receptor autoantibodies from SSc patients on human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells and the signaling pathways involved. The synthetic (proliferation, migration, and type I collagen gene α1 chain expression) and contractile (smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle-calponin expression) profiles of human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells were assessed in vitro after incubation with SSc anti-PDGF receptors stimulatory autoantibodies. The role of reactive oxygen species, NOX isoforms, and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) was investigated. Human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells acquired a synthetic phenotype characterized by higher growth rate, migratory activity, gene expression of type I collagen α1 chain, and less expression of markers characteristic of the contractile phenotype such as smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain and smooth muscle-calponin when stimulated with PDGF and autoantibodies against PDGF receptor, but not with normal IgG. This phenotypic profile is mediated by increased generation of reactive oxygen species and expression of NOX4 and mTORC1. Our data indicate that agonistic anti-PDGF receptor autoantibodies may contribute to the pathogenesis of SSc intimal hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Svegliati
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Donatella Amico
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Tatiana Spadoni
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Colomba Fischetti
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Doreen Finke
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Gianluca Moroncini
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Chiara Paolini
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Cecilia Tonnini
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Antonella Grieco
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Marina Rovinelli
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
| | - Ada Funaro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche, Università di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Clinica Medica, Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche , Ancona , Italy
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28
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Bei Y, Hua-Huy T, Nicco C, Duong-Quy S, Le-Dong NN, Tiev KP, Chéreau C, Batteux F, Dinh-Xuan AT. RhoA/Rho-kinase activation promotes lung fibrosis in an animal model of systemic sclerosis. Exp Lung Res 2016; 42:44-55. [PMID: 26873329 DOI: 10.3109/01902148.2016.1141263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective-tissue disease characterized by vascular injury, immune-system disorders, and excessive fibrosis of the skin and multiple internal organs. Recent reports found that RhoA/Rho-kinase (ROCK) pathway is implicated in various fibrogenic diseases. Intradermal injection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl)-generating solution induced inflammation, autoimmune activation, and fibrosis, mimicking the cutaneous diffuse form of SSc in humans. Our study aimed firstly to describe pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis induced by HOCl in mice, and secondly to determine whether fasudil, a selective inhibitor of ROCK, could prevent lung and skin fibroses in HOCl-injected mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6 mice received daily intradermal injection of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) for 6 weeks to induce SSc, with and without daily treatment with fasudil (30 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) by oral gavage. RESULTS HOCl intoxication induced significant lung inflammation (macrophages and neutrophils infiltration), and fibrosis. These modifications were prevented by fasudil treatment. Simultaneously, HOCl enhanced ROCK activity in lung and skin tissues. Inhibition of ROCK reduced skin fibrosis, expression of α-smooth-muscle actin and 3-nitrotyrosine, as well as the activity of ROCK in the fibrotic skin of HOCl-treated mice, through inhibition of phosphorylation of Smad2/3 and ERK1/2. Fasudil significantly decreased the serum levels of anti-DNA-topoisomerase-1 antibodies in mice with HOCl-induced SSc. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm HOCl-induced pulmonary inflammation and fibrosis in mice, and provide further evidence for a key role of RhoA/ROCK pathway in several pathological processes of experimental SSc. Fasudil could be a promising therapeutic approach for the treatment of SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Bei
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France.,b Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Thong Hua-Huy
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
| | - Carole Nicco
- c Laboratoire d'Immunologie Clinique, Universite Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cite, Equipe Batteux, Institut Cochin, Hopital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
| | - Sy Duong-Quy
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
| | - Nhat-Nam Le-Dong
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France.,d Department of Pneumology, St. Elisabeth Hospital , Namur , Belgium
| | - Kiet-Phong Tiev
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France.,e Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital of Vitry sur Seine , Site Pasteur , Vitry sur Seine , France
| | - Christiane Chéreau
- b Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Frédéric Batteux
- b Regeneration Lab and Experimental Center of Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Shanghai University , Shanghai , China
| | - Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan
- a Laboratoire de Physiologie Respiratoire, Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Hôpital Cochin, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) , Paris , France
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Kilinc F, Sener S, Akbaş A, Metin A, Kirbaş S, Neselioglu S, Erel O. Oxidative stress parameters in localized scleroderma patients. Arch Dermatol Res 2016; 308:625-629. [DOI: 10.1007/s00403-016-1682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Luchetti MM, Moroncini G, Jose Escamez M, Svegliati Baroni S, Spadoni T, Grieco A, Paolini C, Funaro A, Avvedimento EV, Larcher F, Del Rio M, Gabrielli A. Induction of Scleroderma Fibrosis in Skin-Humanized Mice by Administration of Anti−Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor Agonistic Autoantibodies. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 68:2263-73. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Maria Jose Escamez
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias dela Fundacion Jimenez Diaz; Madrid Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fernando Larcher
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias dela Fundacion Jimenez Diaz; Madrid Spain
| | - Marcela Del Rio
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas/Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras and Instituto de Investigaciones Sanitarias dela Fundacion Jimenez Diaz; Madrid Spain
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Kumar MH, Kumar MS, Kumar SH, Kumar KS. A neoteric multidrug combination: novel approach to limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma involving the face. BMJ Case Rep 2016; 2016:bcr-2015-212787. [PMID: 27033280 DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2015-212787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Limited cutaneous scleroderma is a subtype of scleroderma limited to the skin of the face, hands, feet and forearms. We present a case of a 45-year-old woman affected by limited cutaneous systemic scleroderma involving the orofacial region and causing restricted mouth opening. The patient showed noteworthy improvement of the skin lesion by use of a combination of intralesional corticosteroid with hyaluronidase and various multiantioxidants, resulting in amelioration of her mouth opening problem. The patient gave her full informed written consent to this report being published.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hari Kumar
- Dental Department, Jeba Dental Clinic, Nagercoil, Tamilnadu, India
| | - M Siva Kumar
- Department of Maxillo Facial, Doctor Kamalkanadasan Dental Clinic, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India
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Lung extracellular matrix and redox regulation. Redox Biol 2016; 8:305-15. [PMID: 26938939 PMCID: PMC4777985 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis affects millions worldwide and, even though there has been a significant investment in understanding the processes involved in wound healing and maladaptive repair, a complete understanding of the mechanisms responsible for lung fibrogenesis eludes us, and interventions capable of reversing or halting disease progression are not available. Pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by the excessive expression and uncontrolled deposition of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins resulting in erosion of the tissue structure. Initially considered an 'end-stage' process elicited after injury, these events are now considered pathogenic and are believed to contribute to the course of the disease. By interacting with integrins capable of signal transduction and by influencing tissue mechanics, ECM proteins modulate processes ranging from cell adhesion and migration to differentiation and growth factor expression. In doing so, ECM proteins help orchestrate complex developmental processes and maintain tissue homeostasis. However, poorly controlled deposition of ECM proteins promotes inflammation, fibroproliferation, and aberrant differentiation of cells, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, atherosclerosis and cancer. Considering their vital functions, ECM proteins are the target of investigation, and oxidation-reduction (redox) reactions have emerged as important regulators of the ECM. Oxidative stress invariably accompanies lung disease and promotes ECM expression directly or through the overproduction of pro-fibrotic growth factors, while affecting integrin binding and activation. In vitro and in vivo investigations point to redox reactions as targets for intervention in pulmonary fibrosis and related disorders, but studies in humans have been disappointing probably due to the narrow impact of the interventions tested, and our poor understanding of the factors that regulate these complex reactions. This review is not meant to provide a comprehensive review of this field, but rather to highlight what has been learned and to raise interest in this area in need of much attention.
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Piera-Velazquez S, Makul A, Jiménez SA. Increased expression of NAPDH oxidase 4 in systemic sclerosis dermal fibroblasts: regulation by transforming growth factor β. Arthritis Rheumatol 2016; 67:2749-58. [PMID: 26096997 DOI: 10.1002/art.39242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is characterized by severe and often progressive fibrosis of the skin and multiple internal organs. The mechanisms responsible for these alterations remain obscure, although excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated oxidative stress has been implicated. NOX-4 is 1 of 7 isoforms of NADPH oxidase responsible for the generation of ROS. The purpose of this study was to examine NOX-4 expression in skin and cultured dermal fibroblasts from SSc patients and to examine its regulation by transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1). METHODS NOX-4 was assessed in normal and SSc skin by immunohistologic analysis and in normal and SSc cultured dermal fibroblasts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis, fluorescence microscopy, and Western blotting. ROS levels were assessed by fluorescence measurement of H2 O2 production. Specific kinase inhibitors were used to study the TGFβ1 signaling involved in NOX-4 stimulation. NOX-4 inhibition/down-regulation was induced with a selective NOX-4 small-molecule inhibitor and NOX-4 small interfering RNA (siRNA). RESULTS In contrast with normal skin fibroblasts, those from SSc skin showed intense NOX-4 staining. Cultured SSc fibroblasts displayed increased NOX-4 expression. TGFβ1 caused potent NOX-4 protein and messenger RNA stimulation in normal and SSc fibroblasts, which was mediated by the protein kinase Cδ (PKCδ) and Smad2/3 pathways. NOX-4 knockdown in SSc fibroblasts reduced the production of ROS and lowered the expression of type I collagen. CONCLUSION NOX-4 expression and production were found to be constitutively elevated in SSc skin and cultured SSc dermal fibroblasts. TGFβ1 stimulated NOX-4 expression in normal and SSc fibroblasts through PKCδ and Smad2/3 signaling pathways. A small-molecule NOX-4 inhibitor decreased collagen and fibronectin production by normal and SSc fibroblasts, and NOX-4 siRNA knockdown reduced ROS and collagen production by SSc fibroblasts. These results demonstrate the involvement of NOX-4 in SSc-associated fibrosis and indicate NOX-4 inhibitors as novel therapeutic approaches for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alma Makul
- Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Fierro-Fernández M, Miguel V, Lamas S. Role of redoximiRs in fibrogenesis. Redox Biol 2015; 7:58-67. [PMID: 26654978 PMCID: PMC4683389 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis can be defined as an excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) components, ultimately leading to stiffness, scarring and devitalized tissue. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, 19-25 nucleotides (nt), non-coding RNAs involved in the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Recently, miRNAs have also emerged as powerful regulators of fibrotic processes and have been termed "fibromiRs". Oxidative stress represents a self-perpetuating mechanism in fibrogenesis. MiRNAs can also influence the expression of genes responsible for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defence and are termed "redoximiRs". Here, we review the current knowledge of mechanisms by which "redoximiRs" regulate fibrogenesis. This new set of miRNAs may be called "redoxifibromiRs".
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Fierro-Fernández
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Verónica Miguel
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Lamas
- Department of Cell Biology and Immunology, Centro de Biología Molecular "Severo Ochoa" (CBMSO), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Nicolás Cabrera 1, 28049 Madrid, Spain.
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Morry J, Ngamcherdtrakul W, Gu S, Goodyear SM, Castro DJ, Reda MM, Sangvanich T, Yantasee W. Dermal delivery of HSP47 siRNA with NOX4-modulating mesoporous silica-based nanoparticles for treating fibrosis. Biomaterials 2015; 66:41-52. [PMID: 26196532 PMCID: PMC4522385 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Revised: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Fibrotic diseases such as scleroderma have been linked to increased oxidative stress and upregulation of pro-fibrotic genes. Recent work suggests a role of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) and heat shock protein 47 (HSP47) in inducing excessive collagen synthesis, leading to fibrotic diseases. Herein, we elucidate the relationship between NOX4 and HSP47 in fibrogenesis and propose to modulate them altogether as a new strategy to treat fibrosis. We developed a nanoparticle platform consisting of polyethylenimine (PEI) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating on a 50-nm mesoporous silica nanoparticle (MSNP) core. The nanoparticles effectively delivered small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeting HSP47 (siHSP47) in an in vitro model of fibrosis based on TGF-β stimulated fibroblasts. The MSNP core also imparted an antioxidant property by scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequently reducing NOX4 levels in the in vitro fibrogenesis model. The nanoparticle was far superior to n-acetyl cysteine (NAC) at modulating pro-fibrotic markers. In vivo evaluation was performed in a bleomycin-induced scleroderma mouse model, which shares many similarities to human scleroderma disease. Intradermal administration of siHSP47-nanoparticles effectively reduced HSP47 protein expression in skin to normal level. In addition, the antioxidant MSNP also played a prominent role in reducing the pro-fibrotic markers, NOX4, alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), and collagen type I (COL I), as well as skin thickness of the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingga Morry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Worapol Ngamcherdtrakul
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shenda Gu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Shaun M Goodyear
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - David J Castro
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 24 Independence Ave, Lake Oswego, OR 97035, USA
| | - Moataz M Reda
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Thanapon Sangvanich
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Wassana Yantasee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Oregon Health and Science University, 3303 SW Bond Ave, Portland, OR 97239, USA; PDX Pharmaceuticals, LLC, 24 Independence Ave, Lake Oswego, OR 97035, USA.
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Jayachandran M, Chandrasekaran B, Namasivayam N. Geraniol attenuates fibrosis and exerts anti-inflammatory effects on diet induced atherogenesis by NF-κB signaling pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2015; 762:102-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2015.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Spadoni T, Svegliati Baroni S, Amico D, Albani L, Moroncini G, Avvedimento EV, Gabrielli A. A reactive oxygen species-mediated loop maintains increased expression of NADPH oxidases 2 and 4 in skin fibroblasts from patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1611-22. [PMID: 25707572 DOI: 10.1002/art.39084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to the pathogenesis of fibrosis in systemic sclerosis (SSc; scleroderma), and NADPH oxidase (NOX) is an important source of ROS. Since the role of single NOX isoforms has not been previously investigated in SSc, this study was undertaken to assess the expression of NOX in SSc fibroblasts compared to normal healthy cells and to analyze their role in cell activation. METHODS Expression of NOX isoforms in dermal fibroblasts from patients with SSc and healthy control subjects was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, immunoblotting, and immunofluorescence. NOX isoforms were silenced using small interfering RNA. Production of ROS was measured by fluorometry and confocal microscopy. RESULTS Scleroderma fibroblasts showed up-regulation of NOX-2 and NOX-4 protein and messenger RNA (mRNA) expression. Treatment of the cells with diphenyleneiodonium, a nonselective inhibitor of flavin-containing enzymes, and silencing of NOX2 and NOX4 decreased the production of ROS as well as the expression of type I collagen and α-smooth muscle actin in SSc fibroblasts. ROS generated by NOX-2 and NOX-4 were involved in DNA damage and activation of a DNA repair checkpoint. Incubation of healthy control fibroblasts with platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) or with IgG isolated from SSc patient serum enhanced the expression of NOX2 and NOX4 mRNA, via ROS, in a time-dependent manner. Treatment with actinomycin D, a transcription inhibitor, reversed the effects of PDGF stimulation but not the effects of SSc IgG. CONCLUSION Both NOX2 and NOX4 generate ROS in SSc fibroblasts and play a critical role in cell activation and DNA damage. Expression of NOX-2 and NOX-4 in SSc fibroblasts is maintained by a ROS-mediated loop.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lisa Albani
- Università Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy
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Tsou PS, Balogh B, Pinney AJ, Zakhem G, Lozier A, Amin MA, Stinson WA, Schiopu E, Khanna D, Fox DA, Koch AE. Lipoic acid plays a role in scleroderma: insights obtained from scleroderma dermal fibroblasts. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 16:411. [PMID: 25123250 PMCID: PMC4558991 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-014-0411-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a connective tissue disease characterized by fibrosis of the skin and organs. Increase in oxidative stress and platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) activation promote type I collagen (Col I) production, leading to fibrosis in SSc. Lipoic acid (LA) and its active metabolite dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA) are naturally occurring thiols that act as cofactors and antioxidants and are produced by lipoic acid synthetase (LIAS). Our goals in this study were to examine whether LA and LIAS were deficient in SSc patients and to determine the effect of DHLA on the phenotype of SSc dermal fibroblasts. N-acetylcysteine (NAC), a commonly used thiol antioxidant, was included as a comparison. Methods Dermal fibroblasts were isolated from healthy subjects and patients with diffuse cutaneous SSc. Matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), tissue inhibitors of MMPs (TIMP), plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) and LIAS were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The expression of Col I was measured by immunofluorescence, hydroxyproline assay and quantitative PCR. PDGFR phosphorylation and α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA) were measured by Western blotting. Student’s t-tests were performed for statistical analysis, and P-values less than 0.05 with two-tailed analysis were considered statistically significant. Results The expression of LA and LIAS in SSc dermal fibroblasts was lower than normal fibroblasts; however, LIAS was significantly higher in SSc plasma and appeared to be released from monocytes. DHLA lowered cellular oxidative stress and decreased PDGFR phosphorylation, Col I, PAI-1 and αSMA expression in SSc dermal fibroblasts. It also restored the activities of phosphatases that inactivated the PDGFR. SSc fibroblasts produced lower levels of MMP-1 and MMP-3, and DHLA increased them. In contrast, TIMP-1 levels were higher in SSc, but DHLA had a minimal effect. Both DHLA and NAC increased MMP-1 activity when SSc cells were stimulated with PDGF. In general, DHLA showed better efficacy than NAC in most cases. Conclusions DHLA acts not only as an antioxidant but also as an antifibrotic because it has the ability to reverse the profibrotic phenotype of SSc dermal fibroblasts. Our study suggests that thiol antioxidants, including NAC, LA, or DHLA, could be beneficial for patients with SSc. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-014-0411-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Suen Tsou
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Michigan Medical School, 109 Zina Pitcher Dr., 4388 BSRB, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA.
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Piera-Velazquez S, Jimenez SA. Role of cellular senescence and NOX4-mediated oxidative stress in systemic sclerosis pathogenesis. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2015; 17:473. [PMID: 25475596 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0473-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a systemic autoimmune disease characterized by progressive fibrosis of skin and numerous internal organs and a severe fibroproliferative vasculopathy resulting frequently in severe disability and high mortality. Although the etiology of SSc is unknown and the detailed mechanisms responsible for the fibrotic process have not been fully elucidated, one important observation from a large US population study was the demonstration of a late onset of SSc with a peak incidence between 45 and 54 years of age in African-American females and between 65 and 74 years of age in white females. Although it is not appropriate to consider SSc as a disease of aging, the possibility that senescence changes in the cellular elements involved in its pathogenesis may play a role has not been thoroughly examined. The process of cellular senescence is extremely complex, and the mechanisms, molecular events, and signaling pathways involved have not been fully elucidated; however, there is strong evidence to support the concept that oxidative stress caused by the excessive generation of reactive oxygen species may be one important mechanism involved. On the other hand, numerous studies have implicated oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis, thus, suggesting a plausible mechanism in which excessive oxidative stress induces cellular senescence and that the molecular events associated with this complex process play an important role in the fibrotic and fibroproliferative vasculopathy characteristic of SSc. Here, recent studies examining the role of cellular senescence and of oxidative stress in SSc pathogenesis will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonsoles Piera-Velazquez
- Scleroderma Center, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 South 10th Street, Suite 509 BLSB, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
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Saichua P, Yakovleva A, Kamamia C, Jariwala AR, Sithithaworn J, Sripa B, Brindley PJ, Laha T, Mairiang E, Pairojkul C, Khuntikeo N, Mulvenna J, Sithithaworn P, Bethony JM. Levels of 8-OxodG Predict Hepatobiliary Pathology in Opisthorchis viverrini Endemic Settings in Thailand. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2015; 9:e0003949. [PMID: 26230769 PMCID: PMC4521778 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Opisthorchis viverrini is distinct among helminth infections as it drives a chronic inflammatory response in the intrahepatic bile duct that progresses from advanced periductal fibrosis (APF) to cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). Extensive research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in the transition from chronic O. viverrini infection to CCA. OS also results in the excision of a modified DNA lesion (8-oxodG) into urine, the levels of which can be detected by immunoassay. Herein, we measured concentrations of urine 8-oxodG by immunoassay from the following four groups in the Khon Kaen Cancer Cohort study: (1) O. viverrini negative individuals, (2) O. viverrini positive individuals with no APF as determined by abdominal ultrasound, (3) O. viverrini positive individuals with APF as determined by abdominal ultrasound, and (4) O. viverrini induced cases of CCA. A logistic regression model was used to evaluate the utility of creatinine-adjusted urinary 8-oxodG among these groups, along with demographic, behavioral, and immunological risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the predictive accuracy of urinary 8-oxodG for APF and CCA. Elevated concentrations of 8-oxodG in urine positively associated with APF and CCA in a strongly dose-dependent manner. Urinary 8-oxodG concentrations also accurately predicted whether an individual presented with APF or CCA compared to O. viverrini infected individuals without these pathologies. In conclusion, urinary 8-oxodG is a robust ‘candidate’ biomarker of the progression of APF and CCA from chronic opisthorchiasis, which is indicative of the critical role that OS plays in both of these advanced hepatobiliary pathologies. The findings also confirm our previous observations that severe liver pathology occurs early and asymptomatically in residents of O. viverrini endemic regions, where individuals are infected for years (often decades) with this food-borne pathogen. These findings also contribute to an expanding literature on 8-oxodG in an easily accessible bodily fluid (e.g., urine) as a biomarker in the multistage process of inflammation, fibrogenesis, and infection-induced cancer. Opisthorchis viverrini is a food-borne helminth infection that drives a strong inflammatory response in the bile duct that can result in bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer (intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma). Extensive research shows that oxidative stress (OS) plays a critical role in chronic O. viverrini infection transitioning to cancer in the bile duct. OS also results in a modified DNA lesion, referred to as 8-oxodG, excreted in the urine, where it can be detected by an antibody-based test. We measured the concentrations of 8-oxodG in the urine of O. viverrini-infected individuals who had developed bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer and compared levels of this metabolite in urine to O. viverrini infected individuals who did not have bile duct fibrosis or cancer in Northeastern Thailand. We determined bile duct fibrosis by ultrasonography and bile duct cancer by immunohistochemistry on resected liver tissue. We then built a statistical model to quantify how well urinary 8-oxodG predicted bile duct fibrosis and bile duct cancer in O. viverrini-infected individuals. We found that individuals with elevated levels of 8-oxodG in urine had a greater probability of developing bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer from O. viverrini infection. This association occurred in a strongly dose-dependent manner: in other words, the O. viverrini-infected individuals who had the highest concentration of urinary 8-oxodG also had the highest risk of presenting with bile duct fibrosis or bile duct cancer. In summary, measuring levels of 8-oxodG in the urine offers a unique opportunity to develop a candidate biomarker for advanced O. viverrini induced hepatobiliary pathologies such as fibrosis and cancer. The findings also confirm our previous observations that severe liver pathology occurs early and asymptomatically in residents of O. viverrini endemic regions, where individuals are infected for years (often decades) with this food-borne neglected tropical diseases (NTD) pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prasert Saichua
- Biomedical Science Program, Faculty of Graduate School, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Anna Yakovleva
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Christine Kamamia
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Amar R. Jariwala
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Jiraporn Sithithaworn
- Department of Clinical Microscopy, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Banchob Sripa
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Paul J. Brindley
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Thewarach Laha
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Eimorn Mairiang
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Chawalit Pairojkul
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Narong Khuntikeo
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jason Mulvenna
- Infections Disease Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paiboon Sithithaworn
- Liver Fluke and Cholangiocarcinoma Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Jeffrey M. Bethony
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Tropical Medicine, and Research Center for Neglected Diseases of Poverty, School of Medicine & Health Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, D.C., United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Moroncini G, Grieco A, Nacci G, Paolini C, Tonnini C, Pozniak KN, Cuccioloni M, Mozzicafreddo M, Svegliati S, Angeletti M, Kazlauskas A, Avvedimento EV, Funaro A, Gabrielli A. Epitope Specificity Determines Pathogenicity and Detectability of Anti-Platelet-Derived Growth Factor Receptor α Autoantibodies in Systemic Sclerosis. Arthritis Rheumatol 2015; 67:1891-903. [DOI: 10.1002/art.39125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gianluca Moroncini
- Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti Ancona; Ancona Italy
| | - Antonella Grieco
- Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti Ancona; Ancona Italy
| | | | - Chiara Paolini
- Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti Ancona; Ancona Italy
| | - Cecilia Tonnini
- Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti Ancona; Ancona Italy
| | | | | | | | - Silvia Svegliati
- Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti Ancona; Ancona Italy
| | | | - Andrius Kazlauskas
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Harvard Medical School; Boston Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Armando Gabrielli
- Università Politecnica delle Marche and Ospedali Riuniti Ancona; Ancona Italy
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Rossi FW, Napolitano F, Pesapane A, Mascolo M, Staibano S, Matucci-Cerinic M, Guiducci S, Ragno P, di Spigna G, Postiglione L, Marone G, Montuori N, de Paulis A. Upregulation of the N-Formyl Peptide Receptors in Scleroderma Fibroblasts Fosters the Switch to Myofibroblasts. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 194:5161-73. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1402819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Amico D, Spadoni T, Rovinelli M, Serafini M, D'Amico G, Campelli N, Svegliati Baroni S, Gabrielli A. Intracellular free radical production by peripheral blood T lymphocytes from patients with systemic sclerosis: role of NADPH oxidase and ERK1/2. Arthritis Res Ther 2015; 17:68. [PMID: 25889655 PMCID: PMC4384301 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-015-0591-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Abnormal oxidative stress has been described in systemic sclerosis (SSc) and previous works from our laboratory demonstrated an increased generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by SSc fibroblasts and monocytes. This study investigated the ability of SSc T lymphocytes to produce ROS, the molecular pathway involved, and the biological effects of ROS on SSc phenotype. Methods Peripheral blood T lymphocytes were isolated from serum of healthy controls or SSc patients by negative selection with magnetic beads and activated either with PMA or with magnetic beads coated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies. Intracellular ROS generation was measured using a DCFH-DA assay in a plate reader fluorimeter or by FACS analysis. CD69 expression and cytokine production were analyzed by FACS analysis. Protein expression was studied using immunoblotting techniques and mRNA levels were quantified by real-time PCR. Cell proliferation was carried out using a BrdU incorporation assay. Results Peripheral blood T lymphocytes from SSc patients showed an increased ROS production compared to T cells from healthy subjects. Since NADPH oxidase complex is involved in oxidative stress in SSc and we found high levels of gp91phox in SSc T cells, SSc T cells were incubated with chemical inhibititors or specific siRNAs against gp91phox. Inhibition of NADPH oxidase partially reverted CD69 activation and proliferation rate increase, and significantly influenced cytokine production and ERK1/2 activation. Conclusions SSc T lymphocityes are characterized by high levels of ROS, generated by NADPH oxidase via ERK1/2 phosphorylation, that are essential for cell activation, proliferation, and cytokine production. These data confirm lymphocytes as key cellular players in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis and suggest a crucial link between ROS and T cell activation. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-015-0591-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Amico
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Tatiana Spadoni
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marina Rovinelli
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Marta Serafini
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Donizetti 106, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Giovanna D'Amico
- Centro Ricerca M. Tettamanti, Clinica Pediatrica Università Milano-Bicocca, Ospedale San Gerardo, Via Donizetti 106, 20900, Monza, Italy.
| | - Nadia Campelli
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Silvia Svegliati Baroni
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
| | - Armando Gabrielli
- Dipartimento Scienze Cliniche e Molecolari, Università Politecnica delle Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60020, Ancona, Italy.
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Abstract
Interstitial lung disease (ILD) encompasses a large and diverse group of pathological conditions that share similar clinical, radiological and pathological manifestations, despite potentially having quite different aetiologies and comorbidities. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) represents probably the most aggressive form of ILD and systemic sclerosis is a multiorgan fibrotic disease frequently associated with ILD. Although the aetiology of these disorders remains unknown, in this review we analyse the pathogenic mechanisms by cell of interest (fibroblast, fibrocyte, myofibroblast, endothelial and alveolar epithelial cells and immune competent cells). New insights into the complex cellular contributions and interactions will be provided, comparing the role of cell subsets in the pathogenesis of IPF and systemic sclerosis. Distinct cell populations contribute to the complex pathogenesis of IPF and systemic sclerosis-associated ILDhttp://ow.ly/AjFaz
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Mallano T, Palumbo-Zerr K, Zerr P, Ramming A, Zeller B, Beyer C, Dees C, Huang J, Hai T, Distler O, Schett G, Distler JHW. Activating transcription factor 3 regulates canonical TGFβ signalling in systemic sclerosis. Ann Rheum Dis 2015; 75:586-92. [PMID: 25589515 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Activating transcription factor 3 (ATF3), a member of the ATF/cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) family of transcription factors, regulates cellular response to stress including oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to analyse the role of ATF3 in fibroblast activation in systemic sclerosis (SSc). METHODS ATF3 was analysed by reverse transcription quantitative PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry. ATF3 knockout fibroblasts and mice were used to study the functional role of ATF3. Knockdown experiments, reporter assays and coimmunoprecipitation were performed to study the effects of ATF3 on Smad and activation protein 1 (AP-1) signalling. The role of c-Jun was analysed by costaining, specific inactivation and coimmunoprecipitation. RESULTS Transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) upregulates the expression of ATF3 in SSc fibroblasts. ATF3-deficient fibroblasts were less sensitive to TGFβ, whereas ectopic expression of ATF3 enhanced the profibrotic effects of TGFβ. Mechanistically, ATF3 interacts with Smad3 directly on stimulation with TGFβ and regulates Smad activity in a c-Jun-dependent manner. Knockout of ATF3 protected mice from bleomycin-induced fibrosis and fibrosis induced by overexpression of a constitutively active TGFβ receptor I. Reporter assays and analyses of the expression of Smad target genes demonstrated that binding of ATF3 regulates the transcriptional activity of Smad3. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time a key role for ATF3 in fibrosis. Knockout of the ATF3 gene reduced the stimulatory effect of TGFβ on fibroblasts by interfering with canonical Smad signalling and protected the mice from experimental fibrosis in two different models. ATF3 might thus be a candidate for molecular targeted therapies for SSc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Mallano
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Katrin Palumbo-Zerr
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Pawel Zerr
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andreas Ramming
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Barbara Zeller
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Christian Beyer
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Clara Dees
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jingang Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Tsonwin Hai
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Oliver Distler
- Rheumaklinik, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jörg H W Distler
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Kowal-Bielecka O, Bielecki M, Guiducci S, Trzcinska-Butkiewicz B, Michalska-Jakubus M, Matucci-Cerinic M, Brzosko M, Krasowska D, Chyczewski L, Kowal K. High serum sCD163/sTWEAK ratio is associated with lower risk of digital ulcers but more severe skin disease in patients with systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:R69. [PMID: 23800379 PMCID: PMC4060194 DOI: 10.1186/ar4246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2012] [Revised: 02/21/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammation, vascular injury and excessive fibrosis. CD163 is a scavenger receptor which affects inflammatory response and may contribute to connective tissue remodelling. It has recently been demonstrated that CD163 can bind and neutralize the TNF-like weak inducer of apoptosis (TWEAK), a multifunctional cytokine which regulates inflammation, angiogenesis and tissue remodelling. We aimed to investigate the relationships between serum levels of soluble CD163 (sCD163) and soluble TWEAK (sTWEAK) in relation to disease manifestations in SSc patients. METHODS This study included 89 patients with SSc who had not received immunosuppressive drugs or steroids for at least 6 months and 48 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HC) from four European centres. Serum concentrations of sTWEAK and sCD163 were measured using commercially available ELISA kits. RESULTS The mean serum concentrations of sTWEAK were comparable between SSc patients (mean +/- SD: 270 +/- 171 pg/mL) and HC (294 +/- 147pg/mL, P >0.05). Concentration of sCD163 and sCD163/sTWEAK ratio were significantly greater in SSc patients (984 +/- 420 ng/mL and 4837 +/- 3103, respectively) as compared to HC (823 +/- 331 ng/mL and 3115 +/- 1346 respectively, P <0.05 for both). High sCD163 levels and a high sCD163/sTWEAK ratio (defined as > mean +2SD of HC) were both associated with a lower risk of digital ulcers in SSc patients (OR, 95%CI: 0.09; 0.01, 0.71, and 0.17; 0.06, 0.51, respectively). Accordingly, patients without digital ulcers had a significantly higher sCD163 concentration and sCD163/sTWEAK ratio as compared to SSc patients with digital ulcers (P <0.01 for both) and HC (P <0.05 for both). A high sCD163/sTWEAK ratio, but not high sCD163 levels, was associated with greater skin involvement. CONCLUSIONS The results of our study indicate that CD163-TWEAK interactions might play a role in the pathogenesis of SSc and that CD163 may protect against the development of digital ulcers in SSc. Further studies are required to reveal whether targeting of the CD163-TWEAK pathway might be a potential strategy for treating vascular disease and/or skin fibrosis in SSc.
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Gilbane AJ, Denton CP, Holmes AM. Scleroderma pathogenesis: a pivotal role for fibroblasts as effector cells. Arthritis Res Ther 2014; 15:215. [PMID: 23796020 PMCID: PMC4060542 DOI: 10.1186/ar4230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Scleroderma (systemic sclerosis; SSc) is characterised by fibrosis of the skin and internal organs in the context of autoimmunity and vascular perturbation. Overproduction of extracellular matrix components and loss of specialised epithelial structures are analogous to the process of scar formation after tissue injury. Fibroblasts are the resident cells of connective tissue that become activated at sites of damage and are likely to be important effector cells in SSc. Differentiation into myofibroblasts is a hallmark process, although the mechanisms and cellular origins of this important fibroblastic cell are still unclear. This article reviews fibroblast biology in the context of SSc and highlights the potentially important place of fibroblast effector cells in fibrosis. Moreover, the heterogeneity of fibroblast properties, multiplicity of regulatory pathways and diversity of origin for myofibroblasts may underpin clinical diversity in SSc, and provide novel avenues for targeted therapy.
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48
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Duitman J, Ruela-de-Sousa RR, Shi K, de Boer OJ, Borensztajn KS, Florquin S, Peppelenbosch MP, Spek CA. Protease activated receptor-1 deficiency diminishes bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. Mol Med 2014; 20:410-6. [PMID: 24842054 DOI: 10.2119/molmed.2014.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence shows that protease-activated receptor-1 (PAR-1) plays an important role in the development of fibrosis, including lung fibrosis. However, whether PAR-1 also plays a role in the development of skin fibrosis remains elusive. The aim of this study was to determine the role of PAR-1 in the development of skin fibrosis. To explore possible mechanisms by which PAR-1 could play a role, human dermal fibroblasts and keratinocytes were stimulated with specific PAR-1 agonists or antagonists. To investigate the role of PAR-1 in skin fibrosis, we subjected wild-type and PAR-1-deficient mice to a model of bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. PAR-1 activation leads to increased proliferation and extra cellular matrix (ECM) production, but not migration of human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) in vitro. Moreover, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β production was increased in keratinocytes upon PAR-1 activation, but not in HDF. The loss of PAR-1 in vivo significantly attenuated bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis. The bleomycin-induced increase in dermal thickness and ECM production was reduced significantly in PAR-1-deficient mice compared with wild-type mice. Moreover, TGF-β expression and the number of proliferating fibroblasts were reduced in PAR-1-deficient mice although the difference did not reach statistical significance. This study demonstrates that PAR-1 contributes to the development of skin fibrosis and we suggest that PAR-1 potentiates the fibrotic response mainly by inducing fibroblast proliferation and ECM production.
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Affiliation(s)
- JanWillem Duitman
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roberta R Ruela-de-Sousa
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kun Shi
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Onno J de Boer
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Keren S Borensztajn
- Unité INSERM 700, Physiopathologie et Epidémiologie de L'Insuffisance Respiratoire, Faculté de Médecine Xavier Bichat, Paris, France
| | - Sandrine Florquin
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maikel P Peppelenbosch
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - C Arnold Spek
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine (CEMM), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of scleroderma-interstitial lung disease. Curr Rheumatol Rep 2014; 16:411. [PMID: 24523015 DOI: 10.1007/s11926-014-0411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) is a heterogeneous autoimmune connective tissue disease of unknown etiology. Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent complication, and a significant contributor to morbidity and mortality among SSc patients. SSc-ILD most commonly occurs within 10 years of diagnosis, and may be seen in patients with either the limited or diffuse cutaneous subset of SSc. SSc-ILD is a multifaceted disease process in which different factors and pathways are involved. Aberrant function of a variety of lung cells, cytokines, growth factors, peptides, and bioactive proteins, in combination with genetic and epigenetic regulators, have crucial functions in the pathogenesis of this disease. Here we present our view on recent advances regarding the pathogenesis of SSc-ILD.
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50
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Boin F, Erre GL, Posadino AM, Cossu A, Giordo R, Spinetti G, Passiu G, Emanueli C, Pintus G. Oxidative stress-dependent activation of collagen synthesis is induced in human pulmonary smooth muscle cells by sera from patients with scleroderma-associated pulmonary hypertension. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2014; 9:123. [PMID: 25085432 PMCID: PMC4237898 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-014-0123-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary arterial hypertension is a major complication of systemic sclerosis. Although oxidative stress, intima hyperplasia and a progressive vessel occlusion appear to be clearly involved, the fine molecular mechanisms underpinning the onset and progression of systemic sclerosis-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension remain largely unknown. Here we shows for the first time that an increase of NADPH-derived reactive oxygen species production induced by sera from systemic sclerosis patients with pulmonary arterial hypertension drives collagen type I promoter activity in primary human pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells, suggesting that antioxidant-based therapies should be considered in the treatment of systemic sclerosis-associated vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Laboratory of Vascular Biology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Viale San Pietro 43/B, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
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