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Buenaño-Vargas C, Gagliano MC, Paulo LM, Bartle A, Graham A, van Veelen HPJ, O'Flaherty V. Acclimation of microbial communities to low and moderate salinities in anaerobic digestion. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 906:167470. [PMID: 37778560 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years anaerobic digestion (AD) has been investigated as suitable biotechnology to treat wastewater at elevated salinities. However, when starting up AD reactors with inocula that are not adapted to salinity, low concentrations of sodium (Na+) in the influent can already cause disintegration of microbial aggregates and wash-out. This study investigated biomass acclimation to 5 g Na+/L of two different non-adapted inocula in two lab-scale hybrid expanded granular sludge bed (EGSB)-anaerobic filter (AF) reactors fed with synthetic wastewater. After an initial biomass disintegration, new aggregates were formed relatively fast (i.e., after 95 days of operation), indicating microbial community adaptation. The newly formed microbial aggregates accumulated Na+ at the expense of calcium (Ca2+), but this did not hamper biomass retention or process performance. The hybrid reactor configuration, including a pumice stone filter in the upper section, and the low up-flow velocities applied, were key features for retaining the biomass within the system. This reactor configuration can be easily applied and represents a low-cost alternative for acclimating biomass to saline effluents, even in existing digesters. When the acclimated biomass was transferred from EGSB to an up-flow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor configuration also fed with saline synthetic wastewater, more dense aggregates in the form of granules were obtained. The performances of the UASB inoculated with the acclimated biomass were comparable to another reactor seeded with saline-adapted granular sludge from a full-scale plant. Regardless of the inoculum origin, a defined core microbiome of Bacteria (Thermovirga, Bacteroidetes vadinHA17, Blvii28 wastewater-sludge group, Mesotoga, and Synergistaceae) and Archaea (Methanosaeta and Methanobacterium) was detected, highlighting the importance of these microbial groups in developing halotolerance and maintaining AD process stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claribel Buenaño-Vargas
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - M Cristina Gagliano
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Lara M Paulo
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - Andrew Bartle
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - Alison Graham
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland
| | - H Pieter J van Veelen
- Wetsus - European Centre of Excellence for Sustainable Water Technology, Oostergoweg 9, 8911MA Leeuwarden, the Netherlands
| | - Vincent O'Flaherty
- Microbial Ecology Laboratory, School of Biological and Chemical Sciences and Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, Ireland.
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High Salinity Wastewater Treatment Study Using an Automated Pilot Combining Anaerobic and Aerobic Biofilm Processes. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A 20-ft containerized biological pilot system consisting of both an anaerobic expended granular sludge bed (EGSB) and an aerobic biofilm continuous flow intermittent clean (CFIC®) system has been designed, constructed, and delivered onsite at a pharmaceutical wastewater producer for a wastewater treatment study. The pilot was operated for a total of 317 days, including 147 days of adaptive phase and 170 days of testing phase. A pilot adaptive phase feeding wastewater COD concentration from 2 to 50 g/L with salinity up to 16 g/L was carried out, achieving EGSB where COD removal reached over 80 to 95% at OLR up to 22 kg COD/m3·d. In the testing phase, with repressive practical wastewater, the EGSB can remove over 97% of feed COD (with up to 82% acetic acid) at an average 16.3 kg COD/m3·d. The high wastewater salinity at 20 g/L did not inhibit COD removal efficiency by the system. The complete system with EGSB and aerobic stage was very stable and removed over 90–97% of the total COD dependent on the wastewater composition. The pilot was demonstrated as a valuable tool because of its user-friendly nature with high automation level, as well as its high efficiency in treating specific wastewater under varying operational conditions. This study provides critical information for full-scale system design and offers training for the customer in handling a previously unfamiliar process in a confident manner.
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Ali M, Elreedy A, Ibrahim MG, Fujii M, Nakatani K, Tawfik A. Regulating acidogenesis and methanogenesis for the separated bio-generation of hydrogen and methane from saline-to-hypersaline industrial wastewater. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2019; 250:109546. [PMID: 31545177 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.109546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2019] [Revised: 07/22/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the limitations of acidogens and methanogens activities under saline environments, this work aims to optimize the main operational parameters affecting hydrogen and methane production from saline-to-hypersaline wastewater containing mono-ethylene glycol (MEG). MEG is the main contaminant in several saline industrial effluents. Anaerobic baffled reactor (ABR), as a multi-stage system, was used at different temperatures (i.e., 19-31 °C [ambient] and 35 °C), organic loading rates (OLRs) of 0.6-2.2 gCOD/L/d, and salinity of 5-35 gNaCl/L. Mesophilic conditions of 35 °C substantially promoted MEG biodegradability (92-98%) and hydrogen/methane productivity, even at elevated salinity. Hydrogen yield (HY) and methane yield (MY) peaked to 258 and 140 mL/gCODadd, respectively, at OLR 0.64 gCOD/L/d and salinity up to 20-25 gNaCl/L. An immobilized sludge ABR (ISABR), packed with polyurethane media, was further compared with classical ABR, resulting in 1.8-fold higher MY, at 35 gNaCl/L. Microbial analysis showed that introducing attached growth system (ISABR) substantially promoted methanogens abundance, which was dominated by genus Methanosarcina. Among bacterial genera, Acetobacterium was dominant, particularly in 1st compartment, representing MEG-degrading/salt-tolerant genus. At high salinity up to 35 gNaCl/L, the multi-phase and attached growth configuration can efficiently reduce the induced salt stress, particularly on methanogens, towards balanced and separated acidogenesis/methanogenesis. Overall, producing hydrogen and methane from anaerobic treatment of MEG-based saline wastewater is feasible at optimized parameters and configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Ali
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan; Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt; Civil Engineering Department, Aswan University, Aswan, 81511, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Elreedy
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan; Sanitary Engineering Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt.
| | - Mona G Ibrahim
- Environmental Engineering Department, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology, Alexandria, 21934, Egypt; Environmental Health Department, High Institute of Public Health, Alexandria University, Alexandria, 21544, Egypt
| | - Manabu Fujii
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Kota Nakatani
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8552, Japan
| | - Ahmed Tawfik
- Water Pollution Research Department, National Research Centre, Giza, 12622, Egypt
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Johnson J, Yang YH, Lee DG, Yoon JJ, Choi KY. Expression, purification and characterization of halophilic protease Pph_Pro1 cloned from Pseudoalteromonas phenolica. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 152:46-55. [PMID: 30055246 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In this study, protease Pph_Pro1 from Pseudoalteromonas phenolica, possessing extracellular proteolytic activity and salt tolerance, was investigated for cloning, expression, and purification purposes. Through optimization, it was determined that optimum soluble recombinant expression was achieved when Pph_Pro1 was co-expressed with the pTf16 vector chaperone in LB medium supplemented with CaCl2. Pph_Pro1 was purified using osmotic shock and immobilized metal-affinity chromatography (IMAC). Isolated Pph_Pro1 activity was measured as 0.44 U/mg using casein as a substrate. Interestingly, Pph_Pro1 displayed halophilic, alkaliphilic, and unexpected thermostable properties. Furthermore, it was resistant to several hydrophilic and hydrophobic organic solvents. Substrate specificity and kinetic values such as Km and Vmax were determined with casein, bovine serum albumin (BSA), and algal waste protein as substrates, indicating that the Pph_Pro1 protease enzyme had a greater affinity for casein. Based on the remarkable characteristics of this Pph_Pro1 protease enzyme, it can potentially be utilized in many biotechnological industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jervian Johnson
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Yung-Hun Yang
- Department of Microbial Engineering, College of Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Doo-Geun Lee
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong-Jun Yoon
- Intelligent Sustainable Materials R&D Group, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology (KITECH), Chonan-si, Chungcheongnam-do, 31056, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon-Young Choi
- Department of Environmental Engineering, College of Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea.
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Vyrides I, Stuckey DC. Compatible solute addition to biological systems treating waste/wastewater to counteract osmotic and other environmental stresses: a review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 37:865-879. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1266460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Vyrides
- Department of Environmental Science and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology, Lemesos, Cyprus
| | - David C. Stuckey
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Vyrides I. Anaerobic Treatment of Organic Saline Waste/Wastewater: Overcome Salinity Inhibition by Addition of Compatible Solutes. SOIL BIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-19018-1_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Chisti Y. Constraints to commercialization of algal fuels. J Biotechnol 2013; 167:201-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2013.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 510] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 07/12/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Suwannoppadol S, Ho G, Cord-Ruwisch R. Overcoming sodium toxicity by utilizing grass leaves as co-substrate during the start-up of batch thermophilic anaerobic digestion. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2012; 125:188-192. [PMID: 23026333 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2012.08.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/22/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Sodium toxicity is a common problem causing inhibition of anaerobic digestion, and digesters treating highly concentrated wastes, such as food and municipal solid waste, and concentrated animal manure, are likely to suffer from partial or complete inhibition of methane-producing consortia, including methanogens. When grass clippings were added at the onset of anaerobic digestion of acetate containing a sodium concentration of 7.8 gNa(+)/L, a total methane production about 8L/L was obtained, whereas no methane was produced in the absence of grass leaves. In an attempt to narrow down which components of grass leaves caused decrease of sodium toxicity, different hypotheses were tested. Results revealed that betaine could be a significant compound in grass leaves causing reduction to sodium inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwat Suwannoppadol
- Faculty of Science & Engineering, Murdoch University, Western Australia 6150, Australia
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Vyrides I, Santos H, Mingote A, Ray MJ, Stuckey DC. Are compatible solutes compatible with biological treatment of saline wastewater? Batch and continuous studies using submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors (SAMBRs). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2010; 44:7437-42. [PMID: 20831155 DOI: 10.1021/es903981k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated fundamental mechanisms that anaerobic biomass employ to cope with salinity, and applied these findings to a continuous SAMBR. When anaerobic biomass was exposed to 20 and 40 g NaCl/L for 96 h, the main solute generated de novo by biomass was trehalose. When we separately introduced trehalose, N-acetyl-β-lysine and potassium into a batch culture a slight decrease in sodium inhibition was observed. In contrast, the addition of 0.1 mM and 1 mM of glycine betaine dramatically improved the adaptation of anaerobic biomass to 35 g NaCl/L, and it continued to enhance the adaptation of biomass to the salt for the next three batch feedings without further addition. No shift in archaeal microbial diversity was found when anaerobic biomass was exposed in batch mode to 35 g NaCl/L for 360 h, and no changes were found when glycine betaine was added. The dominant species identified under these conditions were Methanosarcina mazeii and Methanosaeta sp. The addition of 5 mM glycine betaine to a continuous SAMBR at 12 h hydraulic retention time (HRT), and operation in batch mode for 2 days can significantly enhance saline (35 g NaCl/L) synthetic sewage degradation. In addition, the injection of 1 mM of glycine betaine into a SAMBR for five subsequent days also significantly enhanced dissolved organic carbon (DOC) removal from sewage under these conditions. The main compatible solutes generated by anaerobic biomass after 44 days exposure to 35 g NaCl/L in a SAMBR were N-acetyl-β-lysine and glycine betaine. Finally, the addition of 1 mM glycine betaine to the medium was beneficial for anaerobic biomass in batch mode at 20 °C under saline and non saline conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Vyrides
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Chemical Technology, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Oren A. Industrial and environmental applications of halophilic microorganisms. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2010; 31:825-834. [PMID: 20662374 DOI: 10.1080/09593330903370026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
In comparison with the thermophilic and the alkaliphilic extremophiles, halophilic microorganisms have as yet found relatively few biotechnological applications. Halophiles are involved in centuries-old processes such as the manufacturing of solar salt from seawater and the production of traditional fermented foods. Two biotechnological processes involving halophiles are highly successful: the production of beta-carotene by the green alga Dunaliella and the production of ectoine (1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid), used as a stabilizer for enzymes and now also applied in cosmetic products, from moderately halophilic bacteria. The potential use of bacteriorhodopsin, the retinal protein proton pump of Halobacterium, in optoelectronic devices and photochemical processes is being explored, and may well lead to commercial applications in the near future. Demand for salt-tolerant enzymes in current manufacturing or related processes is limited. Other possible uses of halophilic microorganisms such as treatment of saline and hypersaline wastewaters, and the production of exopolysaccharides, poly-beta-hydroxyalkanoate bioplastics and biofuel are being investigated, but no large-scale applications have yet been reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Oren
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, The Institute of Life Sciences, Moshe Shilo Minerva Center for Marine Biogeochemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904 Jerusalem, Israel.
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