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Oti-Boadi M, Andoh-Arthur J, Abekah-Carter K, Abukuri DN. Internalized stigma: Social support, coping, psychological distress, and mental well-being among older adults in Ghana. Int J Soc Psychiatry 2024; 70:739-749. [PMID: 38327024 PMCID: PMC11144357 DOI: 10.1177/00207640241227128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Older adults have been found to internalize stigma from society and this has been linked to several variables including social support, coping, psychological distress, and mental well-being. However, there is a dearth of research on how these variables interact with each other to impact the life of older adults. AIMS This study employed path analysis to explore social support and coping as boundary conditions and underlying mechanisms in the link between internalized stigma, psychological distress, and mental well-being, among older adults in Ghana. METHOD Using a cross-sectional design, the study recruited 167 older adults who responded to standardized questionnaires including The Internalized Stigma of Mental Illness scale, Multidimensional Perceived Social Support Scale, The Brief Coping Inventory, Kessler Distress Scale, and the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, to determine levels of internalized stigma, social support, coping strategies, psychological distress, and mental well-being, respectively. RESULTS The findings revealed that at low levels of social support, there is a significant and positive correlation between internalized stigma and mental well-being (β = -.36, SE = 0.17, p < .001). Path analysis showed that the relationship between internalized stigma and mental well-being was fully mediated by problem-focused coping (β = .11, p = . 001, 95% CI [0.04, 0.21]), but not psychological distress. Problem-focused coping was also found to have a significant positive correlation with mental well-being but no significant correlation with psychological distress. Conversely, avoidant-focused coping was found to have a significant positive correlation with psychological distress and a significant negative correlation with mental well-being. CONCLUSIONS This study revealed the importance of social support and coping to attaining mental well-being among older adults. This study provides insights into the development of tailored interventions aimed at improving social support and problem-focused coping among older Ghanaian adults facing internalized stigma, and it also establishes a base for future research.
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Dong X, He D, Zhang Y, Zhao Q, Zhang X, Fan X. Dyadic Associations Between Burden and Depressive Symptoms Among Patients With Heart Failure and Their Caregivers: The Mediating Role of Perceived Stress. J Cardiovasc Nurs 2023; 38:517-527. [PMID: 37816079 DOI: 10.1097/jcn.0000000000000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive symptoms are prevalent in patients with heart failure and their family caregivers. Given the interpersonal interactions between dyadic individuals with intimate relationship, it is essential to consider the dyads as a unit when exploring the factors associated with depressive symptoms in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to explore the dyadic effects of burden on depressive symptoms in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads and investigate whether perceived stress acts as a mediator in these relationships. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 237 heart failure patient-caregiver dyads were recruited from 3 hospitals in China between November 2018 and June 2019. Symptom burden, caregiving burden, perceived stress, and depressive symptoms were assessed using self-report questionnaires. The actor-partner interdependence model and actor-partner interdependence mediation model were used to analyze the data. RESULTS Patients' symptom burden had an actor effect on their own depressive symptoms and a partner effect on their caregivers' depressive symptoms. Similarly, caregivers' caregiving burden had an actor effect on their own depressive symptoms and a partner effect on patients' depressive symptoms. The actor effects between burden and depressive symptoms were partially mediated by their own perceived stress in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads. Furthermore, the partner effect between caregivers' caregiving burden and patients' depressive symptoms was completely mediated by patients' perceived stress. CONCLUSIONS Patients' symptom burden and caregivers' caregiving burden aggravated their depressive symptoms by increasing their own perceived stress. Moreover, patients' symptom burden led to caregivers' depressive symptoms, and caregivers' caregiving burden contributed to patients' depressive symptoms through patients' perceived stress. These interdependent relationships suggest that dyadic interventions focused on reducing burden and perceived stress may be beneficial for relieving depressive symptoms in heart failure patient-caregiver dyads.
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Pai M, Muhammad T, Das S, Chaudhary M, Srivastava S. Gender differences in the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction among older adults in India. Psychogeriatrics 2023; 23:930-943. [PMID: 37560780 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the sustainable development goals' (SDGs) primary goals (Goal 3) is to ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for persons of all ages. While extensive literature documents the link between physical frailty and low life satisfaction (LLS) among older adults, research of this nature is limited within low and middle-income countries including India. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction among community-dwelling older men and women in India. METHODS Data come from the 2017-18 wave 1 of the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India (LASI), with a sample of 30 390 individuals aged 60 and above (14 559 men and 15 831 women). Physical frailty was assessed using an adapted version of the frailty phenotype developed by Fried and colleagues. Ordered logistic regression models are employed to examine the association between physical frailty and life satisfaction. RESULTS The prevalence of frailty was higher in older women than men (32.2% vs. 27.5%). Nearly 30.4% of men and 33.8% of women reported having LLS. However, after adjusting for the selected confounders, women were less likely (adjusted odds ratio [aOR]: 0.92; CI: 0.87-0.97) to report LLS compared to men. The physically frail older adults were more likely (aOR: 1.40; CI: 1.27-1.55) to report LLS relative to their physically stronger counterparts. Moreover, we found that frail older men had higher odds of reporting LLS than non-frail older men (aOR: 1.25; CI: 1.09-1.43). Also, non-frail older women had lower odds of reporting LLS than non-frail older men (aOR: 0.80; CI: 0.67-0.95). CONCLUSIONS Findings of our study suggest that policies and programs to address later life well-being need to consider gender differences. Doing so would not only help identify older adults most at risk of LLS, but gender differentiated policies would help streamline health expenditures and costs typically relegated to assist all older adults without proper focus on the uniqueness of their social location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manacy Pai
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - T Muhammad
- International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
| | - Sayani Das
- International Institute of Health Management Research, New Delhi, India
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Jeong Y. Stress and suicidal ideation in Korean baby boomers: the mediating effect of mindfulness and meaning in life. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1215541. [PMID: 37701871 PMCID: PMC10494432 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1215541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress has been shown to enhance elderly suicidal ideation. However, the effect of mindfulness and meaning in life on the relationship between stress and suicidal ideation in Korean baby boomers are still unknown. This study investigated (a) a significant correlation between the stress, suicidal ideation, mindfulness, and meaning in life, (b) the mediating effect of mindfulness in the association between stress and suicidal ideation, and (c) the serial mediating effect of mindfulness and then meaning in life on the relationship between stress and suicidal ideation. Data were collected from 200 baby boomers (born between 1955-1963) concerning their stress, mindfulness, meaning in life, and suicidal ideation. These findings suggest that if interventions directed at baby boomers can successfully improve their mindfulness and by extension raise their meaning in life, suicidal ideation will decrease within their population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusoo Jeong
- Department of Psychology, Jeonbuk University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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McInerney K, Best D, Cross A. Characteristics of people who have received treatment for late-onset problem drinking and alcohol use disorder: A systematic review and narrative synthesis. NORDIC STUDIES ON ALCOHOL AND DRUGS 2022; 40:100-126. [PMID: 37063815 PMCID: PMC10101163 DOI: 10.1177/14550725221143170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The current review investigated the psychosocial characteristics of late-onset problem drinkers, an under-researched area of alcohol harm that accounts for one-third of older problem drinkers. Method: Following the PRISMA model, the protocol and search strategy included a scoping search and main search of nine databases. A total of 1,595 papers were identified; after screening, 26 papers were considered eligible and were included in the review. The review used an investigative framework comprising three categories: standardising age of onset; gender differences; and psychosocial and mental health characteristics. The review also investigated how meaning and purpose in life, and treatment have been reported in relation to this cohort. Findings/Conclusions: The combined onset ages of the reviews’ 26 papers (mean age = 52.69 years) and the participants’ self-reported age at onset (mean age = 56.79 years), suggest that late-onset alcohol use disorder (AUD)/problem drinking is likely to emerge at the age of 55 years and older. Moreover, there is a high prevalence of co-morbid mental health disorders among elderly, late-onset drinkers. Retirement was reported as the most prevalent psychosocial risk factor for late-onset problematic drinking; other late-life events included bereavement, loneliness and social isolation, and boredom. In the context of gender, women are at greater risk of developing late-onset problem drinking than men. Furthermore, late-onset problem drinkers, particularly women, are more treatment compliant than their early-onset counterparts, highlighting the case for bespoke treatments/interventions for late-onset problem drinkers. Finally, the role that meaning and purpose in life plays in late-onset problem drinking has been under-reported and requires further investigation.
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Shikimoto R, Nozaki S, Sawada N, Shimizu Y, Svensson T, Nakagawa A, Mimura M, Tsugane S. Coping in Mid- to Late Life and Risk of Mild Cognitive Impairment Subtypes and Dementia: A JPHC Saku Mental Health Study. J Alzheimers Dis 2022; 90:1085-1101. [PMID: 36213991 PMCID: PMC9741735 DOI: 10.3233/jad-215712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship between coping in mid- to late life and cognitive functions remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between habitual coping behaviors of a large Japanese population in their mid- to late-lives and their risk of cognitive decline 15 years later. METHODS Overall 1,299 participants were assessed for coping behaviors (in 2000) and cognition (2014-2015). We used the Stress and Coping Inventory to assess the frequency of six coping behaviors (i.e., consulting, planning, positive reappraisal, avoidance, fantasizing, and self-blame). Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine odds ratios (ORs) for the diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), MCI subtypes (single- and multiple-domain MCI), and dementia for coping behaviors. RESULTS Among the eligible 1,015 participants (72.6 [SD = 5.5] years old in 2014-2015), the numbers for cognitively normal, single-domain MCI, multiple-domain MCI, and dementia were 650 (64.0%), 116 (11.4%), 213 (21.0%), and 36 (3.5%), respectively. Among the six coping behaviors, avoidant coping was significantly associated with noticeable cognitive decline (multiple-domain MCI and dementia). This association remained significant after adjusting for sex, age, education, diagnosis of current major depressive disorder, past history of ischemic heart disease, diabetes, regular alcohol consumption, and smoking (OR = 2.52, 95% CI = 1.23 to 5.15). No significant association with other coping behaviors was found. CONCLUSION Avoidant coping in mid- and late life is associated with cognitive decline among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Shikimoto
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
Center for Supercentenarian Medical Research, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoko Nozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, Chiba, Japan,Correspondence to: Shoko Nozaki, MD, PhD, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 Japan. Tel.: +81 3 3353 1211; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, 578 Heta-cho, Midori-ku 266-0007, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: and Norie Sawada, MD, PhD, Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 3547 5201 (extension3338); E-mail:
| | - Norie Sawada
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan,Correspondence to: Shoko Nozaki, MD, PhD, Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 160-8582 Japan. Tel.: +81 3 3353 1211; Department of Psychiatry, National Hospital Organization Shimofusa Psychiatric Medical Center, 578 Heta-cho, Midori-ku 266-0007, Chiba-city, Chiba, Japan. E-mail: and Norie Sawada, MD, PhD, Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan 5-1-1 Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan. Tel.: +81 3 3547 5201 (extension3338); E-mail:
| | - Yoko Shimizu
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Thomas Svensson
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan,
Department of Bioengineering, Precision Health, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan,
School of Health Innovation, Kanagawa University of Human Services, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, Japan,
Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Atsuo Nakagawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Mimura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shoichiro Tsugane
- Division of Cohort Research, National Cancer Center Institute for Cancer Control, Tokyo, Japan,National Institute of Health and Nutrition, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan
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Garousi S, Amirkafi A, Mohammadi F, Garrusi B. Iranian older adults women: The Impact of COVID-19 and Coping Strategies. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2022; 57:1-25. [PMID: 36340801 PMCID: PMC9628356 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the field of epidemics, some vulnerable groups, such as older adults, are at greater risk. Many psychological, social, economic and physical hazards have threatened older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some threats can be managed with medical system interventions. However, social and psychological challenges cannot be controlled quickly. People will have a better quality of life if they can take appropriate action in critical situations. There is a strong theoretical and empirical background that a sense of control and self-efficacy can promote psychological well-being. The main questions of this study included the following: What were the main problems experienced by older Iranian women during the outbreak of COVID-19? What coping methods did they use to control the situation? What were their views on the future? This research was conducted in Kerman city, the capital of Kerman Province. A phenomenological method was used. We interviewed 15 women over 65 years old. We extracted five main themes from the interviews. These themes were health issues, persistent anxiety, economic and social pressures, identifying unique solutions to the current situation, and optimism versus pessimism: what is the future? From the participants' point of view, psychological, social and physical problems have disturbed them during the pandemic, especially at the beginning. However, they controlled their problems by using selective coping strategies. In Iran, planners can use the potential of the two institutions of family and religion to reduce the problems of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Garousi
- Social Sciences Department, Human Sciences School, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Amirkafi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mohammadi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behshid Garrusi
- Department of Community Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Pobox 444, Kerman, Iran
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Tracy EL, Chin B, Lehrer HM, Carroll LW, Buysse DJ, Hall MH. Coping strategies moderate the effect of perceived stress on sleep and health in older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress Health 2022; 38:708-721. [PMID: 34951930 PMCID: PMC10124294 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Stress in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic may have a significant impact on health, including sleep health. Older adults may be particularly vulnerable. This study examined associations between perceived stress and sleep health, mental health, physical health, and overall perceived health outcomes among older adults. We also examined whether specific coping strategies moderate these associations. Older adults (n = 115; Mage = 68.62) reported perceived stress, coping strategies, global sleep quality, depressive symptoms, and perceived mental, physical, and overall health before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Stress-health relationships were modelled with hierarchical linear regression. Higher perceived stress was associated with greater depressive symptoms and poorer mental health concurrently and longitudinally. Coping strategies moderated the association of perceived stress with physical health and overall perceived health. For example, higher perceived stress was associated with poorer overall perceived health among those with lower problem-focussed coping, but not among those with higher problem-focussed coping. Older adults may benefit from prevention and intervention strategies targeting stress management. Furthermore, identifying people with low problem-focussed coping might be a useful strategy to prevent worsening health in future public health crises.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin L Tracy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Chin
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - H Matthew Lehrer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lucas W Carroll
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel J Buysse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Martica H Hall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Ruan H, Shen K, Chen F. Negative Life Events, Social Ties, and Depressive Symptoms for Older Adults in China. Front Public Health 2022; 9:774434. [PMID: 35127620 PMCID: PMC8810507 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.774434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Although it is widely acknowledged that older adults who have gone through negative life events are more likely to develop depression, there is limited evidence on whether and which type of social ties moderate this perceived relationship. Based on 2016 and 2018 waves of Chinese Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (4,466 individuals, 8,932 observations), we apply linear fixed effects models and confirm that negative life events are associated with depressive symptoms for older adults (Coef. = 0.35; 95% CIs 0.11–0.61), and social ties are negatively associated with depression (Coef. = −0.08; 95% CIs −0.10 to −0.07). Our study further suggests that the association between negative life events and depressive symptoms is significantly moderated by friendship ties (Coef. = −0.18, 95% CIs −0.30 to −0.07), rather than family ties (Coef. = −0.03, 95% CIs −0.09 to 0.15). Moreover, the buffering effects of friendship ties are more prominent for the less resilient and less privileged groups, namely male, rural, and less educated older adults. Our findings point to the importance of expanding and strengthening social networks for Chinese older adults in promoting their psychological health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hangqing Ruan
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
| | - Ke Shen
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- *Correspondence: Ke Shen
| | - Feinian Chen
- Department of Sociology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States
- School of Social Development and Public Policy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Bajpai N, Kulshreshtha K, Dubey P, Sharma G. Travesty of Life Elders Abuse an Inquiry of Physical and Psychological Abuse. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2022; 48:413-437. [PMID: 35068623 PMCID: PMC8760600 DOI: 10.1007/s12126-021-09479-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Elder abuse is evil in human society. The present paper unveils this social issue from two major factors psychological and physical abuse. The study sensitizes the subject matter of study by examining the effects of demographic variables like gender and age on elders. For achieving the purpose of the study the research is a design by exploring and validating the factors of measuring elder abuse through the mix method approach, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). To test the established hypotheses of the effects of the demographic variable on elders the two-way ANOVA was applied. The present study verdicts the development of a sound measurement scale with two influence factors. The separate and composite effect of aging and gender type on elder abuse was evidenced. These findings are crucial especially when the prevalence of elder abuse is higher during COVID-19. The limited novel understudied variable opens an avenue for further research in behavioral and demographic variables like marital status. The present study has practical insinuation for caring the elders in any human society like physical and psychological treatment of elders to avoid abusive situations. In addition, the study attempts to validate the novel issues like psychological and physical abuse of elders in the dimensions of demographic variables. Some rare studies in the Indian continent established the motivation of conducting the research on this dimension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naval Bajpai
- ABV-Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management (ABV-IIITM), Gwalior, MP India
| | | | - Prince Dubey
- Institute of Business Management, GLA University, Mathura-281406 (U.P), India
| | - Gunjan Sharma
- Institute of Business Management, GLA University, Mathura-281406 (U.P), India
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Diamond PR, Airdrie JN, Hiller R, Fraser A, Hiscox LV, Hamilton-Giachritsis C, Halligan SL. Change in prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder in the two years following trauma: a meta-analytic study. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2022; 13:2066456. [PMID: 35646293 PMCID: PMC9132436 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2022.2066456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the course of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the factors that impact this is essential to inform decisions about when and for whom screening and intervention are likely to be beneficial. OBJECTIVE To provide meta-analytic evidence of the course of recovery from PTSD in the first year following trauma, and the factors that influence that recovery. METHOD We conducted a meta-analysis of observational studies of adult PTSD prevalence which included at least two assessments within the first 12 months following trauma exposure, examining prevalence statistics through to 2 years post-trauma. We examined trauma intentionality (intentional or non-intentional), PTSD assessment method (clinician or self-report), sample sex distribution, and age as moderators of PTSD prevalence over time. RESULTS We identified 78 eligible studies including 16,484 participants. Pooled prevalence statistics indicated that over a quarter of individuals presented with PTSD at 1 month post-trauma, with this proportion reducing by a third between 1 and 3 months. Beyond 3 months, any prevalence changes were detected over longer intervals and were small in magnitude. Intentional trauma, younger age, and female sex were associated with higher PTSD prevalence at 1 month. In addition, higher proportions of females, intentional trauma exposure, and higher baseline PTSD prevalence were each associated with larger reductions in prevalence over time. CONCLUSIONS Recovery from PTSD following acute trauma exposure primarily occurs in the first 3 months post-trauma. Screening measures and intervention approaches offered at 3 months may better target persistent symptoms than those conducted prior to this point. HIGHLIGHTS PTSD rates in the immediate aftermath of trauma exposure decline from 27% at 1 month to 18% at 3 months post-trauma, showing significant spontaneous recovery.Problems appear to stabilize after 3 months.Screening/intervention for PTSD at 3 months post-trauma is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- P R Diamond
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - J N Airdrie
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - R Hiller
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | - A Fraser
- Bristol Population Health Science Institute, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - L V Hiscox
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK
| | | | - S L Halligan
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, Bath, UK.,Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
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Johnston B, Stevens E. Exploring the Dilemma of Ethical Issues Using the Lens of Seedhouse Can Help Oncology Nurses to Gain a Different Perspective on Caring for Older Adults with Cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 2021; 37:151231. [PMID: 34753643 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2021.151231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore ethical issues associated with older adults with cancer and the people who matter to them. DATA SOURCES A scoping review of the literature was conducted to inform the article using CINAHL, Medline, and Google Scholar databases using broad terms, older adults, geriatrics, cancer, and ethics. CONCLUSION Older adults with cancer experience ageism, which stems from a range of uncertainties on best practice in care and treatment. By employing an ethical lens, decision-making by oncology nurses can be aided by creating and promoting autonomy through impeccable communication. Best interests for individual older adults with cancer can also be served by oncology nurses working in a way that serves needs first and acts in the best interests of the person and their family. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE The article is of relevance to practicing oncology globally nurses because the framework can be easily used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bridget Johnston
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland, UK; NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
| | - Elaine Stevens
- University of the West of Scotland, Paisley, Scotland, UK
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13
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Parental Monitoring, Individual Dispositions, and Alcohol Use Disorder: A Longitudinal Study with Young Swiss Men. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189938. [PMID: 34574856 PMCID: PMC8467582 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper evaluates the interaction between level of parental monitoring in adolescence and individual dispositions present in early adulthood in the prediction of alcohol use disorder (AUD) in the mid-20s. Data were drawn from the Cohort Study on Substance Use Risk Factors (C-SURF), encompassing 4844 young Swiss men who were surveyed three times within a 5-year period. The outcome variable was alcohol use disorder (AUD) as defined in the DSM-5. Independent variables were sensation seeking (Brief Sensation Seeking Scale) and the coping strategies active coping and denial (Brief COPE). Low parental monitoring, high sensation seeking, and high denial were found risk factors of AUD (odds ratio (OR) = 1.21 (1.05–1.40); OR = 1.56 (1.37–1.78); OR = 1.15 (1.01–1.31)). A significant interaction effect was identified between active coping and parental monitoring; high active coping in early adulthood was found protective of AUD, only among individuals who had low parental monitoring in adolescence (OR = 0.70 (0.52–0.96)). In addition to interventions to upskill parents for improving monitoring, other interventions directed to young adults who had disadvantaged family contexts could be implemented, with the aim of enhancing the use of adaptive coping strategies such as active coping. Prevention targeting avoidant coping strategies and sensation seeking should be privileged too.
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Jin B, Roumell EA. "Getting Used to It, but Still Unwelcome": A Grounded Theory Study of Physical Identity Development in Later Life. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18189557. [PMID: 34574481 PMCID: PMC8470261 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18189557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Given the global trends toward an aging society and the increased desire for healthy aging in late life, this study examines older adults' perceptions of aging and their physical identity through their engagement in physical activities. Adopting a grounded theory, we interviewed 15 individuals aged 65 years and older, who were involved in physical activities on a regular basis. This study provided a final model depicting (a) divergent and convergent modes of strategies and socioemotional aspects of physical identity development in later life and (b) different strategies employed between younger-old versus older-old age groups and between participants who have underlying health conditions and those who do not. These findings add a contextual explanation of identity development in later life and stress the recurring process of physical identity development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bora Jin
- The Gerontology Institute, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA
- Correspondence:
| | - Elizabeth A. Roumell
- Department of Educational Administration & Human Resource Development, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
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15
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Wright RR. Directed coping: A key to coping effectively? Stress Health 2021; 37:466-475. [PMID: 33220167 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Directed coping, or the use of fewer coping strategies, represents attempts of the individual to effectively cope with stressors. As individuals engage in this process, health and wellness (e.g., physical and mental) generally improve, suggesting directed coping may be an effective technique. However, little specific information is known about the directed coping construct beyond the results of the single study by Wright et al. among nurses dealing with work stressors. Therefore, the current study seeks to examine the directed coping construct in more depth. Following a pre/post study design, 611 undergraduate students participated in a health behaviour change program, completing an online questionnaire regarding their health, wellness and general life stressors as well as an in-person physical health assessment before and after the 6-week program. Consistent with hypotheses, directed coping was associated with and predictive of improved health and wellness subjectively (e.g., affect and stress) and objectively (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure and grip strength) relative to coping with general life stressors. Moreover, directed coping demonstrated stability over time and was related to personality characteristics. Thus, the results suggest directed coping is an effective method of coping and may be stable across situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert R Wright
- Department of Psychology, Brigham Young University- Idaho, Rexburg, Idaho, USA
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16
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Negative life events and self-harm among the elderly: Result from a survey of 7070 people aged≥60 in China. Psychiatry Res 2021; 298:113727. [PMID: 33588172 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2021.113727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSES Negative life events have been reported as a risk factor for elderly self-harm. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between negative life events and self-harm in a large sample of people aged 60 and older, and explore the role of some previously identified influential factors in this relationship. METHODS Multi-stage stratified sampling method was used to select the elderly people over 60 years old in Shandong, China. Information were collected through face-to-face interviews. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression were used for initial analysis. Karlson-Holm-Breen (KHB) method was used for mediating effect analysis. RESULTS A total of 7070 participants were included in the study, 160 reported they had a history of self-harm (2.3%), 756 reported they had negative life event experience (10.7%). After model adjustment, the association between negative life events, loneliness, economic status and self-harm was still statistically significant. Mediation analysis showed that the association is explained by loneliness (proportion of mediation 48.86%), self-rated economic status (16.13%). CONCLUSIONS Negative life events, loneliness and economic status were associated with self-harm among the older adults. Loneliness and economic status may play an intermediary role in the relationship between negative life events and self-harm, especially loneliness. More psychological and social functions intervention strategies and prevention measures on the self-harm of the elderly should be provided for the elderly who have experienced negative life events.
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17
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Lagacé M, Fraser S, Ranger MC, Moorjani-Houle D, Ali N. About me but without me? Older adult's perspectives on interpersonal communication during care transitions from hospital to seniors' residence. J Aging Stud 2021; 57:100914. [PMID: 34083006 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaging.2021.100914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transitions in care can be stressful for an older adult. While communication protocols between health care professionals during transitions have been thoroughly studied, there is a need to better understand how older adults transitioning perceive interpersonal communication. Relying on Communication Accommodation Theory, the goal of this study is to explore Canadian older adults' perspectives of interpersonal communication during care transition from acute care in a hospital to a residence and assess if and how communication could improve health and well-being. Using a longitudinal exploratory design, 13 older adults (MAge = 84 years) transitioning from acute hospital care to a residence were interviewed at three time points: (1) in the hospital, (2) upon arriving at the residence and (3) in the residence, 2-3 months later. A total of 30 interviews were analyzed using thematic content analysis. Five main themes emerged from participants' descriptions of their transition and communication with health care professionals: (1) Interpersonal Communication or Information, (2) Gratefulness & Burden, (3) Acceptance & Resilience, (4) Maintaining Autonomy and (5), Level of satisfaction. Most participants described being informed rather than being an active participant during the transition process. Most also accepted the transition and tried to reduce the burden on family notably by finding ways to maintain autonomy. A major finding of this study is the lack of interpersonal communication taking place during the transition process, which increased older adults' feeling of uncertainty about the future. Many were unclear on why this move was taking place and where they were going. Providing a space for older adults to communicate their perspectives could attenuate the negative outcomes stemming from stressful care transitions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Lagacé
- Department of Communication/School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, 550 Cumberland St, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Sarah Fraser
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa.
| | | | | | - Nihad Ali
- Interdisciplinary School of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa.
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18
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Modecki KL. Not Just Doing Time: Distinct Typologies of Attitudes and Emotions among Juvenile Justice-Involved Youth. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 67:21-34. [PMID: 33040434 DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents' views of the legal system, just world beliefs, and moral emotions are interrelated and form an important frame of reference, particularly for young people involved in the juvenile justice system. Yet past scholarship has generally treated these as independent indices of youths' experience. This study took a person-centered, latent profile approach to attitudes and beliefs among 136 male youth incarcerated within secure US juvenile facilities. Three heterogeneous profiles were found (negative attitudes/low emotion, moderate attitudes/mixed emotions, and positive attitudes/positive emotion) which were differentially associated with antisocial behavior. Youth who belonged to historically marginalized populations had significantly lower odds of belonging to a protective profile characterized by positive legal attitudes, just world beliefs, and emotions (positive attitudes/positive emotion). Findings highlight our gaps in understanding young people's experiences with legal and judicial entities and illustrate significant heterogeneity in youth's frame of reference within the juvenile justice system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Lynn Modecki
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt. Gravatt, QLD, Australia
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19
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Castanho TC, Santos NC, Meleiro-Neves C, Neto S, Moura GR, Santos MA, Cruz AR, Cunha O, Castro Rodrigues A, Rodrigues AJ, Sousa N. Association of positive and negative life events with cognitive performance and psychological status in late life: A cross-sectional study in Northern Portugal. AGING BRAIN 2021; 1:100020. [PMID: 36911520 PMCID: PMC9997151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Life events have important effects on psychological well-being. Yet, studies have mainly focused on exploring the impact of traumatic and negative experiences on health and well-being, with positive events receiving marginal attention. In this study, we investigated the association between negative and positive life events, cognitive performance and psychological status in older individuals. Method A cross-sectional approach with a sample of 97 community-dwelling adults, recruited from a network of 23 centres/institutions in Northern Portugal, and aged between 56 and 85 years, was conducted. All participants were evaluated through a battery of tests assessing for depressive mood, perceived stress, and cognitive functioning. Life events were measured using the Lifetime Experiences Scale (LIFES) which covers 75 life experiences organized in eight domains. Results A total of 95.9% of the participants reported more positive life events than negative throughout life. Participants reporting more positive experiences had lower scores in the depressive mood and perceived stress measures. At the domain-level of LIFES scale, more negative experiences in the Work and Health domains were associated with a depressed mood and more perceived stress. Significant positive associations were found between positive life experiences and most cognitive measures, after controlling for sex, education, age and depressive symptoms. Namely, more positive experiences at School, Leisure, and Living conditions were positively associated with better performance across cognitive tests. Discussion This study adds important evidence on the association between of life events, both negative and positive experiences, on cognition and psychological well-being, providing a more balanced view of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal
| | - N C Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal
| | - C Meleiro-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal
| | - S Neto
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - G R Moura
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A Santos
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A R Cruz
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Lusófona University HEI-Lab, Porto, Portugal
| | - O Cunha
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Lusófona University HEI-Lab, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Castro Rodrigues
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,ISPA, William James Center for Research, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal
| | - N Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal
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20
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Szcześniak M, Bielecka G, Madej D, Pieńkowska E, Rodzeń W. The Role of Self-Esteem in the Relationship Between Loneliness and Life Satisfaction in Late Adulthood: Evidence from Poland. Psychol Res Behav Manag 2020; 13:1201-1212. [PMID: 33363419 PMCID: PMC7754268 DOI: 10.2147/prbm.s275902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The life satisfaction of elderly persons has been extensively investigated and discussed. However, a literature review shows that relatively few studies have focused on the effect of loneliness on the life satisfaction of older adults. Some researchers have acknowledged that the character of the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction is still unclear, and this association is much more complex that it appears to be. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to understand how loneliness is associated with satisfaction, and whether self-esteem and educational involvement in the University of the Third Age (U3A) courses can affect this relationship among elderly people. Methods The research was conducted on a group of 179 elderly adults (65% women). We measured loneliness, satisfaction, and self-esteem. The data were collected via the paper-and-pencil format through convenience sampling, just before the COVID-19 pandemic began. Results The results obtained show that loneliness correlated negatively with self-esteem and life satisfaction. Self-esteem was associated positively with life satisfaction. Self-esteem acted as a suppressor between loneliness and life satisfaction. The participation of older adults in U3A moderated the strength of the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction (direct effect) and between loneliness and life satisfaction mediated by self-esteem (indirect effect). Conclusion The mediatory role of self-esteem and the moderating role of educational activities in the relationship between loneliness and life satisfaction in late adulthood have important developmental and social implications. It appears that although feelings of loneliness and social isolation have a negative association on the life satisfaction of older adults, this relationship may be altered by empowering seniors’ self-esteem through their involvement in lifelong learning. Such a solution supports the functioning of older people also at the social level.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Grażyna Bielecka
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-017, Poland
| | - Daria Madej
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-017, Poland
| | | | - Wojciech Rodzeń
- Institute of Psychology, University of Szczecin, Szczecin 71-017, Poland
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21
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Bickel KE, Levy C, MacPhee ER, Brenner K, Temel JS, Arch JJ, Greer JA. An Integrative Framework of Appraisal and Adaptation in Serious Medical Illness. J Pain Symptom Manage 2020; 60:657-677.e6. [PMID: 32446974 PMCID: PMC7483912 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Multiple randomized clinical trials have demonstrated that palliative care improves the quality of life of individuals with serious medical illness. Research also suggests that in patients with advanced cancer, palliative care's focus on symptom management, coping with illness, goals of care, and treatment decisions may be associated with improved patient quality of life in part by increasing patients' use of active (vs. passive) and approach-oriented (vs. avoidant) coping strategies. However, without a framework outlining the process that individuals with serious medical illness and their loved ones undergo, it is challenging to discern exactly where, how, and why palliative care may affect the serious medical illness experience. To address this gap, we propose a clinically applicable framework, derived from existing theory and research in the social and behavioral sciences. This framework, called the Integrative Framework of Appraisal and Adaptation in Serious Medical Illness, describes how patients and their loved ones cognitively and emotionally process the various events that may occur as they navigate serious medical illness and the end of life. The framework also describes how individuals and their loved ones use that event processing to determine next steps, while considering the impact of their surrounding external environment, their individual social roles, and their connections on this decision making. The framework presented in this article is intended to improve our ability to understand and care for individuals with serious medical illness and their loved ones, while stimulating further discussion and research to test and refine these ideas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen E Bickel
- VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA.
| | - Cari Levy
- Palliative Medicine Section Chief, VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, Denver-Seattle Center of Innovation for Veteran-Centered and Value-Driven Research, Division of Health Care Policy and Research, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Edward R MacPhee
- Psychiatry Section Chief, VA Eastern Colorado Healthcare System, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Keri Brenner
- Medicine-Section of Palliative Care, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer S Temel
- Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Cancer Outcomes Research & Education Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Thoracic Oncology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Joanna J Arch
- Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Joseph A Greer
- Psychology, Harvard Medical School, Center for Psychiatric Oncology & Behavioral Science, Cancer Outcomes Research & Education Program, Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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22
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Tang D, Lin Z, Chen F. Moving beyond living arrangements: the role of family and friendship ties in promoting mental health for urban and rural older adults in China. Aging Ment Health 2020; 24:1523-1532. [PMID: 30977378 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1602589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective: This study examines the interplay among living arrangements, social networks, and depressive symptoms among Chinese older adults.Methods: Data are derived from the 2014 baseline survey of the China Longitudinal Aging Social Survey (CLASS), which provides a sample of older Chinese who had been married and had children (N = 7,662). This study examines the association between living arrangements and depressive symptoms (measured as CES-D scale, 0-18) of older adults, and addresses the moderating role of social networks (measured as family ties and friendship ties, 0-15) on this perceived association.Results: Our results show that older adults who live both with a spouse and adult children report superior mental health than those living alone (β = 1.240, p < 0.001), but no differences are seen from those living only with a spouse or children. Older adults living alone in rural areas are also more disadvantaged in comparison to those living alone in urban places (β = 0.535, p < 0.05). However, we find that the undesirable consequences associated with depression of older adults living alone can be reduced or even eliminated when older adults have strong friendship ties in rural China (β = -0.145, p < 0.01). We also find that for rural older adults living only with children, their mental health is highly contingent on their family ties, that is, they are extremely disadvantaged when having weak family ties, but benefit most significantly from strong family ties (β = -0.137, p < 0.05).Conclusions: Associations between living arrangements and mental health in later life are contingent on older adults' social networks, and these moderating effects vary between rural and urban China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- Population Development Studies Center, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiyong Lin
- Department of Sociology and Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Feinian Chen
- Department of Sociology and Maryland Population Research Center, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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23
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Related risk factors associated with post-stroke fatigue: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Neurol Sci 2020; 42:1463-1471. [PMID: 32813167 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-020-04633-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is one of the most common complications of stroke and has a negative impact on quality of life over time. Although several therapeutic approaches have been explored in the last decade, the risk factors responsible for the occurrence of PSF are still largely unknown. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-analysis was to identify the risk factors contributing to PSF, especially clinical and social risk factors, which may help to prevent PSF. METHODS A systematic literature search was performed with PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases from inception until April 2019. Only original studies measuring the association between potential risk factors and PSF were included. All relevant data the included studies were extracted by two independent reviewers using predefined data fields. RESULTS Fourteen studies (n = 3933) were included in this meta-analysis. Female (OR = 1.39; p < 0.01), thalamus (OR = 1.76; p = 0.02), leucoaraiosis (OR = 1.73; p < 0.01), NIHSS score (OR = 1.16; p < 0.01), modified Rankin Scale (OR = 1.63; p < 0.01), depression (OR = 1.75; p < 0.01), and sleeping disturbances (OR = 2.01; p < 0.01) were all significantly associated with PSF. In the subgroup analysis, depression (OR = 2.75; p < 0.01) tended to be associated with Asian patients with PSF. For patients who had a stroke survive for more than half a year, PSF was more likely to occur in stroke survivors with depression (OR = 1.46; p < 0.01), anxiety (OR = 1.13; p < 0.01), or sleeping disturbances (OR = 1.98; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Despite some limitations, this study first identified that female and depression conferred an increased susceptibility to PSF, regardless of whether in European or Asian populations. Risk factors associated with PSF included female, thalamic, leucoaraiosis, depression, sleeping disturbances, diabetes mellitus, and anxiety. This meta-analysis shows that chronic PSF appears to be largely attributable to patients with multiple comorbidities. It is necessary to strengthen the treatment for stroke-related complications and improve stroke patient care, which could help to reduce the incidence of PSF. TRIAL REGISTRATION CRD42019128751.
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Lee HJ, Kim K, Bangerter LR, Zarit SH, Fingerman KL. Aging Parents' and Middle-Aged Children's Evaluations of Parents' Disability and Life Problems. JOURNAL OF ADULT DEVELOPMENT 2020; 27:135-146. [PMID: 38550245 PMCID: PMC10977998 DOI: 10.1007/s10804-019-09336-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
This study examined discrepancies in aging parents' and middle-aged children's evaluations of aging parents' problems and how these discrepancies were associated with relationship characteristics. Using data from the Family Exchanges Study (dyad N = 331 ), discrepancies in the parents' disabilities and life problems reported by parents and their offspring were examined. Children reported a greater number of disabilities and life problems in their parents' lives than parents did. The discrepancy in the number of disabilities was associated with the frequency of phone contact, but not the frequency of in-person contact between generations. Findings confirm the gap in the evaluations of parents' problems between generations, indicating that children may overestimate their parents' problems, whereas parents may underreport their own problems. Frequent phone calls between aging parents and middle-aged children seem to play a positive role in conveying aging parents' problems. The gap in knowledge of parents' problems may lead to unmet needs and/or undesirable support exchanges between parents and offspring. Future research needs to consider both generations' reports and to develop reliable methods to assess parents' problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Jung Lee
- Department of Sociology, School of Social Sciences, College of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, 48 Nanyang Avenue, HSS-05-46, Singapore 639818, Singapore
| | - Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Gerontology, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lauren R. Bangerter
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Steven H. Zarit
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Karen L. Fingerman
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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25
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Das A, Chaudhary A, Tyagi L. Elderly population and the presumptive stressful life events scale: An empirical appraisal. JOURNAL OF GERIATRIC MENTAL HEALTH 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/jgmh.jgmh_38_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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26
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Lindert J, Lee LO, Weisskopf MG, McKee M, Sehner S, Spiro A. Threats to Belonging-Stressful Life Events and Mental Health Symptoms in Aging Men-A Longitudinal Cohort Study. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:575979. [PMID: 33424657 PMCID: PMC7793980 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.575979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Stressful life events, especially relationship events, are frequent in adult life. We investigated the impact of a variety of stressful life events on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility. Methods: We analyzed data from a large prospective cohort study of men (n = 1,437) in the Boston area (assessed in 1985, 1988, and 1991). Main outcomes were measures of depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms. We used the Elders Life Stress Inventory (ELSI) to measure stressful life events in the past 12 months and examine their association with symptoms of depression, anxiety and hostility. First, we analyzed the association of stressful life events with symptom changes; second, we categorized stressful life events into finance/work, health, relationships, loss, living situations events; and third, we estimated the specific association between relationship events and depression, anxiety and hostility symptoms using multilevel models. Results: The most frequent stressful life events were health, relationship, and financial events. Depression, anxiety, and hostility symptoms were relatively stable among men who did not experience these life events. However, those who reported life events in the past 12 months had a greater increase in symptoms of depression (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.10) and of hostility (+0.05; 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.09) than those who did not. Additionally, we found a significant decrease in hostility (-0.05; 95% CI: -0.08 to -0.01) in those experiencing no life events. Conclusion: Relationship events were more important than any other type of events, and were significantly associated with increased depression and hostility in aging men. Although the effects were small, the results point to a need to understand better the impact of relationships on psychopathology in the aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jutta Lindert
- Department of Health and Social Work, University of Applied Sciences Emden, Emden, Germany.,Women's Research Center, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States
| | - Lewina O Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Marc G Weisskopf
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Martin McKee
- London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susanne Sehner
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Institute for Epidemiology and Statistics, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Avron Spiro
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States.,National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, Veterans Affairs Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
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The caregiving dyad: Do caregivers' appraisals of caregiving matter for care recipients' health? Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 82:50-60. [PMID: 30711843 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Caregiving experiences matter for caregivers' own wellbeing, but few studies link caregivers' burden and benefit perceptions with recipient outcomes. Following the stress process model, I prospectively explore how caregivers' experiences shape recipients' mental health. I match US National Health and Aging Trends Study and National Study of Caregivers, employing logistic regression on 781 older adult-informal caregiver dyads. I examine how caregivers' appraisals shape recipients' subsequent depression and anxiety, with caregiver mental health and recipient unmet care need as key covariates. Recipients receiving care from caregivers reporting predominantly benefits are less likely to become depressed than counterparts receiving care from persons reporting predominantly burden. Recipients receiving care from persons reporting benefits even alongside low or moderate burden are also less likely to become anxious. Recipient unmet care need, but not caregiver mental health, is associated with recipient mental health. Improving caregiver conditions may have benefits for both dyad members.
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King V, Wickrama KAS, Klopack ET, Lorenz FO. The influence of mastery on mother's health in middle years: Moderating role of stressful life context. Stress Health 2018; 34:552-562. [PMID: 29882335 PMCID: PMC6188799 DOI: 10.1002/smi.2816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Using data from 416 middle-aged mothers gathered over the course of a decade, this study examined the influence of mastery trajectories (the initial level and change), on change in physical health. Mastery is defined as one's ability to control and influence his/her life and environment to reach a desired outcome or goal. Both the initial level and change in mastery from 1991 to 1994 were associated with decreased physical health problems over the middle years (1991-2001). Contextual moderation of this association by stressful life contexts including negative life events and work-family conflict was investigated. Moderation analysis showed that under conditions of low contextual life stressors, the level and increase in mastery significantly contributed to decreases in physical health problems in middle-aged mothers. Alternatively, conditions of high contextual life stressors inhibited the ability of mastery to influence physical health of mothers, suggesting that the positive health impact of mastery on physical health is mitigated by stressful life experiences. Implications for the need to maintain important personal resources, such as mastery, during times of stress are discussed.
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Steinert A, Haesner M. Stress in Retired Adults – Stressors, Symptoms and Coping Strategies. AGEING INTERNATIONAL 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12126-018-9327-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ahmadi S, Khankeh H, Sahaf R, Dalvandi A, Hosseini SA, Alipour F. How did older adults respond to challenges after an earthquake? Results from a qualitative study in Iran. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 77:189-195. [PMID: 29793192 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2017] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In many areas, natural disasters are a major challenge for life and property of people. Earthquake is one of the most devastating natural disasters. This study aimed to explore how older adults responded to challenges after the earthquake in Iran. METHODS This study was based on qualitative analysis. Data were collected through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. 29 participants including 18 older adult survivors of the earthquake-stricken areas, four lay caregivers, and three health professionals in disasters, one social worker, two relief worker and one disaster psychologist were interviewed. The interviews were recorded and transcribed. The transcribed texts were analyzed using inductive qualitative content analysis recommended by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). RESULTS The study explored two main categories regarding older adults' responses to challenges after the earthquake: adaptive and maladaptive responses. Adaptive response has been developed by four factors including; religious coping, sharing feelings and information, coping with new activities, roles and place. Also, maladaptive response was included; the lack of motivation to search for relief supplies, undue dependency, and decrease of social activities. CONCLUSION Service providers are recommended to identify the patterns of vulnerability and cultural sensitivities in older adults' responses to manage the negative consequences of disasters on older adults. Furthermore, older adults can make a substantial contribution in recovery programs based on the adaptive responses, such as helping in the rescue efforts and psychological support from family and community after disasters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shokoufeh Ahmadi
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Khankeh
- Health in Emergency and Disaster Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institute, Sweden; Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Robab Sahaf
- Department of Aging, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asghar Dalvandi
- Department of Nursing, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Ali Hosseini
- Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Alipour
- Department of Social Work, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ghodraty Jabloo V, Alibhai SMH, Fitch M, Tourangeau AE, Ayala AP, Puts MTE. Antecedents and Outcomes of Uncertainty in Older Adults With Cancer: A Scoping Review of the Literature. Oncol Nurs Forum 2018. [PMID: 28632247 DOI: 10.1188/17.onf.e152-e167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PROBLEM IDENTIFICATION Uncertainty is a major source of distress for cancer survivors. Because cancer is primarily a disease of older adults, a comprehensive understanding of the antecedents and outcomes of uncertainty in older adults with cancer is essential.
. LITERATURE SEARCH MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Scopus, and CINAHL® were searched from inception to December 2015. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms and free text words were used for the search concepts, including neoplasms, uncertainty, and aging.
. DATA EVALUATION Extracted data included research aims; research design or analysis approach; sample size; mean age; type, stage, and duration of cancer; type and duration of treatment; uncertainty scale; and major results.
. SYNTHESIS Of 2,584 articles initially identified, 44 studies (30 qualitative, 12 quantitative, and 2 mixed-methods) were included. Evidence tables were developed to organize quantitative and qualitative data. Descriptive numeric and thematic analyses were used to analyze quantitative results and qualitative findings, respectively. Outcomes were reported under four main categories. CONCLUSIONS Uncertainty is an enduring and common experience in cancer survivorship. Uncertainty is affected by a number of demographic and clinical factors and affects quality of life (QOL) and psychological well-being.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Uncertainty should be considered a contributing factor to psychological well-being and QOL in older adults with cancer. Nurses are in a unique position to assess negative effects of uncertainty and manage these consequences by providing patients with information and emotional support.
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Rubio L, Dumitrache CG, García AJ, Cordón-Pozo E. Coping strategies in Spanish older adults: a MIMIC model of socio-demographic characteristics and activity level. Aging Ment Health 2018; 22:226-232. [PMID: 27802775 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2016.1247416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to analyze the combined effect of socio-demographic characteristics and activity level on coping strategies and to test which of these variables has a greater impact on coping. METHOD A sample of 243 men and women aged 55-99 years old was selected from different elderly activity centers in Granada, Spain, using a convenience sampling. Associations between eight coping strategies measured by Coping Strategies Inventory and the above mentioned variables were examined using a Multiple Indicator and Multiple Causes model. RESULTS Age was negatively related with problem solving, express emotions and social support. Activity level was positively related with problem solving, cognitive restructuring, express emotions and social support and it was negatively associated with social withdrawal. Gender only predicted the scores in self-criticism and living alone was related with higher emotional expression. Participation in creative activities, attending University for the third age and practicing physical exercise were related with differences in the use of several coping strategies. CONCLUSIONS There is a complex relationship between socio-demographic characteristics, activity level and the coping strategies used by the elderly. It is important to understand this relationship in order to identify older adults who use ineffective coping, and to subsequently include them in intervention programs to improve their coping abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Rubio
- a Department of Psychology , University of Jaén, Jaén , Spain
| | - Cristina G Dumitrache
- b Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology , University of Granada , Granada , Spain
| | - Alfonso J García
- c Department of Social Psychology , University of Sevilla , Sevilla , Spain
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Cerea S, Bottesi G, Grisham JR, Vieno A, Ghisi M. Dispositional and situational coping among individuals with alcohol use disorder. J Subst Abuse Treat 2017; 80:79-87. [PMID: 28755777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2017.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous research has documented that patients referred for problems related to alcohol use rely primary on maladaptive coping and are deficient in adaptive coping skills. However, the relation between dispositional and situational coping in these patients is not yet fully understood. Therefore, the first aim of the present study was to assess dispositional and situational coping among individuals with alcohol use disorder compared to matched healthy controls. Furthermore, we aimed at assessing gender differences in dispositional and situational coping among individuals with alcohol use disorder. Fifty-five patients with alcohol use disorder were compared to 55 age, years of education, and gender-matched healthy volunteers. Participants filled out the Coping Orientation to Problem Experiences-New Italian version assessing dispositional coping and the Coping Responses Inventory - Adult Form assessing situational coping. Regarding dispositional coping, patients with alcohol use disorder employed more avoidant coping styles compared to matched healthy controls. No differences between groups emerged on situational coping. With respect to gender differences in dispositional coping, women, regardless of group membership, employed more coping styles aimed at construing a stressful transaction in positive terms and turned to religion more relative to men. With respect to situational coping, women, again regardless of group membership, employed more strategies aimed at construing a stressful transaction in positive terms and more problem-solving strategies compared to men. Results of the present study may assist with treatment planning for alcohol use disorder and lead to the development of treatment programs targeting patients' specific coping difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cerea
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| | - Gioia Bottesi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Jessica R Grisham
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alessio Vieno
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Marta Ghisi
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
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Holtfreter K, Reisig MD, Turanovic JJ. Depression and infrequent participation in social activities among older adults: the moderating role of high-quality familial ties. Aging Ment Health 2017; 21:379-388. [PMID: 26471453 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2015.1099036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The primary objective of this study is to investigate whether depression is associated with reduced participation in social activities among older adults. Additionally, this study assesses whether high-quality familial ties diminish the negative association between depression and social activities. METHODS Using cross-sectional telephone interview data from a sample of individuals 60 years of age and older in Arizona and Florida (N = 2000), this study estimates a series of linear regression models to assess the relationship between depression and social activities, and test whether this association is conditioned by high-quality familial ties using multiplicative interaction terms. RESULTS As expected, an inverse relationship between depression and social activities is observed. Delving deeper, the regression models reveal that the depression-inactivity association is weaker among older individuals with strong, positive ties to spouses and children. Additional tests demonstrate the mere of existence of familial bonds provides no meaningful benefit - the quality of such ties matters. CONCLUSION Findings support the theoretical argument that high-quality familial ties provide supportive coping resources that buffer individuals from the undesirable consequences associated with depression. Moving forward, longitudinal research on the causal links between depression and infrequent participation in social and leisure activities among older adults is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristy Holtfreter
- a School of Criminology and Criminal Justice , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Michael D Reisig
- a School of Criminology and Criminal Justice , Arizona State University , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Jillian J Turanovic
- b College of Criminology and Criminal Justice , Florida State University , Tallahassee , FL , USA
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Rubio L, Dumitrache C, Cordon-Pozo E, Rubio-Herrera R. Coping: Impact of Gender and Stressful Life Events in Middle and in Old Age. Clin Gerontol 2016; 39:468-488. [PMID: 29471775 DOI: 10.1080/07317115.2015.1132290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study seeks to identify different life events that participants considered stressful and to study the joint effect of gender, age group, and main stressful life events on the use of different coping strategies. METHODS The sample comprised 243 men and women, 55 to 99 years old, who attended senior activity centers. Analyses were conducted using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). RESULTS Three main categories of stressful life events were identified: health problems, family problems, and other problems. Significant main effects of gender and stressful life events, and marginal effects of age group on coping strategies were found. Furthermore, an interaction between gender and age group, and also between gender and stressful life events emerged in some of the coping strategies analyzed. CONCLUSIONS Age, gender or type of stressful situation impact on the coping strategies used by older people. Older men and women were found to use different strategies depending upon the situation they are facing and upon their age group. The results may prove useful to practitioners and clinicians who directly work with older people and may help clinicians provide effective coping strategies to address the specific life events that older adults find stressful.
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Rush KL, Hatt L, Shay M, Gorman N, Laberge CG, Reid RC, Wilson R. The Stressors and Coping Strategies of Older Adults With Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Prior to and Following Direct Current Cardioversion. J Appl Gerontol 2015; 36:1145-1165. [DOI: 10.1177/0733464815608495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective:The purpose of this study was to explore the stressors and coping strategies of older adults with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF) before and after direct current cardioversion. Method: The study used a qualitative descriptive design. Sixteen patients were recruited through an AF clinic to participate in individual interviews prior to the cardioversion and at 6 and 12 weeks post procedure. Results: Pre-cardioversion, older adults experienced symptom and health care–related stressors superimposed on existing non-AF stressors. They used a range of emotion and problem-focused coping. Non-AF stressors increased post procedure at the same time that participants perceived less need for coping strategies with a return to regular rhythm. Discussion: There was a shift from AF to non-AF related stressors following the cardioversion but a decrease in coping strategies. Older adults with AF should be encouraged to maintain use of coping strategies to manage ongoing stress and reduce the risk of AF recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathy L. Rush
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Linda Hatt
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Matt Shay
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Nicole Gorman
- Atrial Fibrillation Clinic, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Carol G. Laberge
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
- Royal Inland Hospital, Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada
| | - R. Colin Reid
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
| | - Ryan Wilson
- University of British Columbia–Okanagan, Kelowna, Canada
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Cheek C, Piercy KW, Kohlenberg M. Have I Ever Done Anything Like This Before? Older Adults Solving Ill-Defined Problems in Intensive Volunteering. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2015; 80:184-207. [PMID: 26243327 DOI: 10.1177/0091415015590308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the ways in which individuals over 50 years old solved problems while volunteering in intensive humanitarian and disaster relief service. Thirty-seven men and women in the sample were sponsored by three religious organizations well known for providing humanitarian and disaster relief service. Semistructured interviews yielded data that were analyzed qualitatively, using McCracken's five-step process for analysis. We found that volunteers used three different abilities to solve problems: drawing upon experience to create strategies, maintaining emotional stability in the midst of trying circumstances, and applying strategies in a context-sensitive manner. These findings illustrate that these factors, which are comparable to those used in solving everyday problems, are unique in the way they are applied to intensive volunteering. The volunteers' sharing of knowledge, experience, and support with each other were also noticeable in their accounts of their service. This sharing contributed strongly to their sense of emotional stability and effectiveness in solving problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Cheek
- Human Development and Family Studies Department, Penn State Mont Alto, PA, USA
| | - Kathleen W Piercy
- Family, Consumer, and Human Development Department, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
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Models of care for late-life depression of the medically ill: examples from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and stroke. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2015; 23:477-87. [PMID: 25028344 PMCID: PMC4272675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 05/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Depression worsens most treatment outcomes in medically ill older adults. Chronic medical illnesses weaken and demoralize patients and compromise their ability to adhere to treatments requiring consistency and effort. Acute medical illnesses create a psychosocial storm that finds patients and their ecosystem unprepared. We describe two intervention models that can be used to target and personalize treatment in depressed, chronically, or acutely medically ill older adults. The Personalized Adherence Intervention for Depression and COPD (PID-C) is a model intervention for depressed patients with chronic medical illnesses. It targets patient-specific barriers to treatment engagement and aims to shift the balance in favor of treatment participation. PID-C led to higher remission rates of depression, reduction in depressive symptoms, and reduction in dyspnea-related disability. The addition of problem-solving training enables patients to use resources available to them and hopefully improve their outcomes. Ecosystem-focused therapy (EFT) is a model intervention for depression developing in the context of an acute medical event. It was developed for patients with poststroke depression (PSD) and targets five areas, part of the "psychosocial storm" originating from the patient's sudden disability and the resulting change in the patient's needs and family's life. A preliminary study suggests that EFT is feasible and efficacious in reducing depressive symptoms and signs and disability in PSD.
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Silva LM, Silva AO, Tura LFR, Moreira MASP, Nogueira JA, Cavalli S. Changes and events over life course: a comparative study between groups of older adults. Rev Lat Am Enfermagem 2015; 23:3-10. [PMID: 25806625 PMCID: PMC4376025 DOI: 10.1590/0104-1169.0144.2518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2014] [Accepted: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE to identify the changes which had occurred over the last year in the life of older adults, as well as the values attributed to these changes. METHOD this is a multicentric, cross-sectional study, of the inquiry type, undertaken in three cities of the Brazilian Northeast, investigating two distinct groups of older adults. RESULTS among the 236 older adults interviewed, it was observed that 30.0% reported health as the main change in their life course in the last year, this category being the most significant response among the older adults aged between 80 and 84 years old (37.7%). Changes in the family were mentioned by 11.5% of the older adults; death (9.6%) and alterations in routine activities (9.6%). In relation to the value attributed to these changes, it was ascertained that for 64.7% of the older adults aged between 65 and 69 years old, these changes were positive. In the older group, 49.4% of the older adults believe that their changes were related to losses. CONCLUSION the knowledge of the changes mentioned, the value attributed to these changes, and the self-evaluation of health provide information which assists in formulating actions which are more specific to the real needs of these age groups. They also provide the health professionals with a better understanding of how some experiences are experienced in the life trajectories of these older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luípa Michele Silva
- Doctoral student, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB,
Brazil. Scholarship holder from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível
Superior (CAPES), Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Stefano Cavalli
- PhD, Professor, Center of Competence on Aging, DEASS, University of
Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI),
Switzerland
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Tang WK, Chen YK, Liang HJ, Chu WCW, Mok VCT, Ungvari GS, Wong KS. Subcortical white matter infarcts predict 1-year outcome of fatigue in stroke. BMC Neurol 2014; 14:234. [PMID: 25496671 PMCID: PMC4272810 DOI: 10.1186/s12883-014-0234-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatigue is common in stroke survivors. Lesion location may influence the risk of poststroke fatigue (PSF) but it is uncertain whether location has an impact on the prognosis of PSF. This study examined the association between PSF outcome and infarct location. Methods The study sample comprised 435 Chinese patients with acute ischemic stroke admitted to the acute stroke unit of a university affiliated regional hospital in Hong Kong. Three and fifteen months after the onset of the index stroke a research assistant administered the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS). PSF was defined as a FSS score of 4.0 or above. Of the 139 patients with PSF three months poststroke, 97 (69.8%) attended the 15-month follow-up, when 50 (51.5%) patients still had PSF (‘non-remitters’) and 47 (48.5%) did not report fatigue (‘remitters’). The presence and location of infarcts were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging. Results In comparison with the remitters, the non-remitters were more likely to have subcortical white matter infarcts (40.0% vs 21.3%, p = 0.046). These infarcts remained an independent predictor of non-remission of PSF in the multivariate analysis, with an odds ratio of 4.208 (p = 0.011). Conclusions The results suggest that subcortical white matter infarcts may influence the outcome of PSF. Further investigations are needed to explore whether infarcts have any impact on the response of PSF to pharmacological or psychological interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wai Kwong Tang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China. .,Department of Psychiatry, Shatin Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Yang Kun Chen
- Department of Neurology, Dongguan People's Hospital, Dongguan, Guangdong, PR China.
| | - Hua Jun Liang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Winnie Chiu Wing Chu
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Vincent Chung Tony Mok
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Gabor S Ungvari
- The University of Notre Dame Australia/Marian Centre, Perth, Australia. .,School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
| | - Ka Sing Wong
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Abstract
Objective: This study examined whether differences in habitual negative self-thinking and coping strategies might contribute to the age differences in worry and depression. Method: 60 undergraduate students (age range: 18–24 years, M = 19.10, SD = 1.3) and 45 community-dwelling older adults (age range: 60–89 years, M = 73.5, SD = 7.5) participated. Participants completed self-report measures of worry, depression, negative self-thinking, and coping styles. Results: We replicated previous findings that older adults were less worried and less depressed than younger adults. Older adults also reported engaging in less habitual negative thinking and using more problem solving as a coping strategy than younger adults. Furthermore, negative self-thinking and problem-solving skills were found to partially mediate age differences in worry and fully mediate depression scores. Conclusions: These results suggest that habitual negative thinking and problem-solving skills play a role in explaining the lower rates of worry and depression in older populations.
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Geels LM, Vink JM, van Beek JHDA, Bartels M, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI. Increases in alcohol consumption in women and elderly groups: evidence from an epidemiological study. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:207. [PMID: 23497391 PMCID: PMC3720280 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In most Western countries, alcohol consumption continues to increase, specifically among women and older adults. Insight into these trends may aid intervention strategies. Here we present data on alcohol consumption by age and sex as well as associations between alcohol use and demographic lifestyle/traits. The data are from a large (N>16,000) population-based Dutch sample, ascertained based on the presence of twins in the family. METHODS A set of 16 indicators of normative and problematic alcohol use was assessed in participants of the Netherlands Twin Register between 2009-2012 (ages 18-97; 6,052 men; 10,535 women). Alcohol consumption and demographic/lifestyle traits, including educational attainment, work-related/financial stress, urbanization, religiousness, smoking/cannabis initiation, and BMI were described by age and sex. Associations were examined by regressing aspects of alcohol use on age, sex, their interaction, and demographic/lifestyle variables. RESULTS Age, sex, and initiation of cigarette and cannabis use were the most important predictors of alcohol use. Frequency of alcohol use was lowest between 18-25 years, with 3.2% of men and .6% of women drinking 6-7 times/week, and highest above age 65 years, with 30.6-32.7% of men and 20.2-22.0% of women drinking 6-7 times/week. Women consumed the lowest quantities of alcohol between 25-45 years, with a 5.7-5.9% prevalence of excessive drinking (>14 glasses/week), and the largest quantities between 55-65 years (15.5% excessive drinkers). Age at alcohol initiation, onset of regular drinking, and first alcohol intoxication were lowest between ages 18-25 years and highest above age 65 years. Among older participants, men initiated alcohol use and regular drinking earlier, and had lower age at first intoxication than women, but among young adults, no sex differences were observed. CONCLUSIONS Alcohol consumption was high in the elderly Dutch population, especially among women. Alcohol initiation, onset of regular drinking, and first alcohol intoxication occur at increasingly younger ages, and the previous gap between men and women in age at alcohol initiation, onset of regular drinking, and first alcohol intoxication has closed almost entirely. Heavy alcohol use was most strongly predicted by older age, sex (male), and initiation of smoking and cannabis use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lot M Geels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Dakin EK, Areán P. Patient perspectives on the benefits of psychotherapy for late-life depression. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2013; 21:155-63. [PMID: 23343489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2012.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The future of psychotherapy research lies in the development of easy-to-use, efficient treatments that target specific characteristics and needs of patients with a given disorder. Meeting this aim will involve understanding why people seek psychotherapy and the therapeutic features that they feel are most helpful in their recovery. Identifying key features of treatment that patients feel lead to improvement may help identify the active ingredients of psychotherapy and further refine treatment. DESIGN We selected 22 older adults who participated in a larger randomized trial of psychotherapy for late-life depression to participate in individual, semistructured qualitative interviews. SETTING Interviews took place at the University of California, San Francisco or in the participant's home. PARTICIPANTS All participants were age 60 years or older with major depression and co-occurring executive dysfunction. MEASUREMENTS Participants were asked about their depression experience, their expectations for treatment, most and least helpful aspects of treatment, effects of treatment, and recommended improvements to treatment. Data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using NVivo (QSR International, Cambridge, MA). RESULTS The most commonly noted causes for seeking treatment were depression related to interpersonal relationships, health conditions, grief/loss, finances, housing, and challenges due to executive dysfunction. Participants had few expectations about treatment and they found support, the problem-solving therapy process, and focus on interpersonal relationships to be the most helpful processes in treatment. CONCLUSION Suggestions for psychotherapy include increasing the number of sessions, discussing problems in a more proactive way, and considering participant choice in treatment. This research demonstrates the value of mixed-methods approaches, in that qualitative approaches assist in contextualizing and interpreting quantitative data.
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Jahn DR, Poindexter EK, Graham RD, Cukrowicz KC. The moderating effect of the negative impact of recent life events on the relation between intrinsic religiosity and death ideation in older adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2012; 42:589-601. [PMID: 22934958 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2012.00114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Researchers tested the hypothesis that the negative impact of recent life events would moderate the relationship between intrinsic religiosity and death ideation in older adults. Participants (n = 272) completed assessments of death ideation, intrinsic religiosity, and negative impact of recent life events. We confirmed the presence of concurrent moderation and found that older adults with greater negative impact of recent life events and high intrinsic religiosity reported greater death ideation. These relatively surprising findings may be due to reduced fear of death in intrinsically religious older adults, an explanation consistent with previous research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle R Jahn
- Department of Psychology, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX 79409-2051, USA
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Alexopoulos GS, Wilkins V, Marino P, Kanellopoulos D, Reding M, Sirey JA, Raue P, Ghosh S, O’Dell MW, Kiosses DN. Ecosystem focused therapy in poststroke depression: a preliminary study. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry 2012; 27:1053-60. [PMID: 22249997 PMCID: PMC3361524 DOI: 10.1002/gps.2822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2011] [Accepted: 10/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poststroke depression (PSD) occurs in the context of abrupt, often catastrophic disability that finds the patient and his or her family unprepared. We developed the ecosystem focused therapy (EFT), a systematic intervention aimed to increase the PSD patient's and his or her ecosystem's abilities to address the "psychosocial storm" of PSD and utilize available treatments effectively and efficiently. This is a preliminary study of its efficacy. DESIGN A total of 24 PSD patients were randomly assigned to receive weekly sessions of EFT or a comparison condition consisting of systematic Education on Stroke and Depression and their treatment for 12 weeks. RESULTS Ecosystem Focused Therapy may be more efficacious than Education on Stroke and Depression in reducing depressive symptoms and signs, in leading to a higher remission rate, and in ameliorating disability in PSD. Reduction of disability in the early part of the trial mediated later improvement in depressive symptomatology. Similarly, reduction in depressive symptoms and signs early on mediated later improvement in disability. CONCLUSION These encouraging findings require replication. Beyond its potential direct benefits in PSD, EFT may provide an appropriate context for efficient and timely administration of pharmacotherapy and of physical, speech, and occupational therapy thus maximizing their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Michael Reding
- Weill-Cornell Medical College,Burke Rehabilitation Hospital
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Bailly N, Joulain M, Hervé C, Alaphilippe D. Coping with negative life events in old age: the role of tenacious goal pursuit and flexible goal adjustment. Aging Ment Health 2012; 16:431-7. [PMID: 22128858 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2011.630374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examines the relationships between negative life events and tenacious goal pursuit (TGP) and flexible goal adjustment (FGA), two fundamental modes of self-regulation suggested by Brandtstädter, and their effects on mental health. METHODS TGP/FGA, negative life events and depression were assessed in 670 elderly people living in the community. Hierarchical regressions were carried out to examine the effects of the two self-regulation modes and negative life events on depression. RESULTS Findings demonstrate the role of TGP and FGA in coping with negative life events. While both FGA and TGP were related to depression, FGA was found to have beneficial effects for the participants who had encountered negative life events. With age, people become less tenacious, but no conclusive relationship was found between flexibility and age. DISCUSSION Our findings support the importance of both modes of coping for the mental health of older adults. In particular, the ability to adjust goals was shown to be critical as a way of preventing the development of depressive symptoms following negative life events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Bailly
- Department of Psychology, François Rabelais University, Tours, France.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES AND METHOD Information about aging-related change in coping is limited mainly to results of cross-sectional studies of age differences in coping, and no research has focused on predictors of aging-related change in coping behavior. To extend research in this area, we used longitudinal multilevel modeling to describe older adults' (n = 719; baseline M = 61 years) 20-year, intraindividual approach and avoidance coping trajectories, and to determine the influence of two sets of predictors (threat appraisal and stressor characteristics; gender and baseline personal and social resources) on level and rate of change in these trajectories. RESULTS Over the 20-year study interval, participants declined in the use of approach coping and most avoidance coping strategies, but there was significant variation in this trend. In simultaneous predictive models, female gender, more threat appraisal, stressor severity, social resources, and depressive symptoms, and fewer financial resources were independently associated with higher initial levels of coping responses. Having more social resources, and fewer financial resources, at baseline in late-middle-age predicted faster decline over time in approach coping. Having more baseline depressive symptoms, and fewer baseline financial resources, hastened decline in use of avoidance coping. Independent of other variables in these models, decline over time in approach coping and avoidance coping remained statistically significant. CONCLUSION Overall decline in coping may be a normative pattern of coping change in later life. However, it also is modifiable by older adults' stressor appraisals, their stressors, and the personal and social resources they possess at entry to later life, in late-middle-age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penny L. Brennan
- Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System
| | | | | | - Rudolf H. Moos
- Center for Health Care Evaluation, VA Palo Alto Health Care System and Stanford University
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Mak W, Sörensen S. Trajectories of preparation for future care among first-degree relatives of Alzheimer's disease patients: an ancillary study of ADAPT. THE GERONTOLOGIST 2011; 52:531-40. [PMID: 22048806 DOI: 10.1093/geront/gnr119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examines the longitudinal patterns of Preparation for Future Care (PFC), defined as Awareness, Avoidance, Gathering Information, Decision Making, and Concrete Plans, in first-degree relatives of people with Alzheimer's disease (AD). DESIGN AND METHODS Eight time points across 6.5 years from a subsample of adults aged 70 years and older who were participating in the Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT) were analyzed using latent growth modeling. Baseline attitudes toward planning for future care and demographic variables functioned as predictors in the conditional analyses. RESULTS Awareness, Gathering Information, Decision Making, and Concrete Planning increased across time, but Avoidance did not. Covariates were more often associated with the initial levels of planning behavior than with change across time. Women engaged in more initial Decision Making than men. Education was associated with more initial Gathering Information, Decision Making, and less Avoidance. Favorable attitudes toward planning were more predictive of baseline Awareness, Gathering Information, Avoidance, and less so for Decision Making or Concrete Planning. IMPLICATIONS Older adults with an elevated risk for AD increase in positive PFC behaviors gradually across time. Demographic characteristics and attitudes predict initial levels of planning, making it possible to identify individuals who might need help progressing to more advanced levels of planning. Future studies are needed to understand rates of change in planning behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wingyun Mak
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 300 Crittenden Boulevard Box Psych, Rochester, NY 14642.
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Abstract
Understanding the complex trajectories of disability and aging requires a biopsychosocial approach that considers disability in the broader context of later adulthood. Although disability service researchers and gerontologists have many shared interests and a similar mission, the fields are relatively new to one another and have had little historical interaction. The purpose of this article is to increase and improve collaboration among investigators in these fields by providing some background in social gerontology to the disability researcher, and by applying key theories in aging to the issue of growing older with physical disability. The article discusses particular problem areas for older adults, including social support, and also discusses the parallel paradoxes of aging and disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan R Molton
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356490, Seattle, WA 98195-6490, USA
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