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Crawford J, Blomqvist J, Gunnarsson KU, Bendtsen P, Bendtsen M. Mediated effects of a randomised control trial for a text messaging smoking cessation intervention for online help-seekers and primary care visitors. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:1824. [PMID: 38977972 PMCID: PMC11232307 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-19273-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Digital smoking cessation interventions have been shown to be effective in helping individuals achieve prolonged smoking abstinence. Nonetheless, the mechanisms that drive such effects are unclear. The current study aimed to estimate a digital smoking cessation intervention's natural direct and indirect effects. METHODS This secondary analysis of mediated effects uses data from a randomised controlled trial which included participants who smoked at least one cigarette a week, had access to a mobile phone, and were 18 years or older. The comparator was existing smoking cessation support available to all members of the Swedish public. Primary outcomes were prolonged smoking abstinence and point prevalence of smoking abstinence, measured at 3- and 6-months post-randomisation. A counterfactual framework was used to estimate three hypothesised mediators of the intervention's effects: importance, knowledge of how to change (know-how), and confidence. RESULTS Between 18/09/20 and 16/06/22, 1012 participants were randomised. The intervention led to improved confidence and know-how, which both partially mediated the effects of the digital intervention on smoking abstinence at 3- and 6 months post-randomisation. CONCLUSIONS A digital smoking cessation intervention was found to partially affect smoking abstinence by improving individuals' confidence in their ability to quit smoking and developing knowledge on how to quit. Face-value single-item mediator measures, lack of blinding, and attrition limit the study. Future studies should address these limitations and assess additional mechanisms mediating intervention effects. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN13455271.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Crawford
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Blomqvist
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Preben Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical Specialist, Motala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
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Puljević C, Meciar I, Holland A, Stjepanović D, Snoswell CL, Thomas EE, Morphett K, Kang H, Chan G, Grobler E, Gartner CE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of text messaging interventions to support tobacco cessation. Tob Control 2024:tc-2023-058323. [PMID: 38448226 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of text message-based interventions for smoking cessation, including the effects of dose (number of text messages) and concomitant use of behavioural or pharmacological interventions. DATA SOURCES We searched seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science), Google Scholar and the reference lists of relevant publications for RCTs. Eligible studies included participants aged ≥15 years who smoked tobacco at enrolment. STUDY SELECTION One reviewer screened titles and abstracts and two reviewers independently screened full texts of articles. DATA EXTRACTION One of three reviewers independently extracted data on study and intervention characteristics and smoking abstinence rates using Qualtrics software. DATA SYNTHESIS 30 of the 40 included studies reported higher rates of smoking cessation among those receiving text messaging interventions compared with comparators, but only 10 were statistically significant. A meta-analysis of seven RCTs found that participants receiving text messages were significantly more likely to quit smoking compared with participants in no/minimal intervention or 'usual care' conditions (risk ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.29, p <0.001). Three trials found no benefit from a higher dose of text messages on smoking cessation. Two trials that tested the added benefit of text messaging to pharmacotherapy reported outcomes in favour of adding text messaging. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that text messaging-based interventions are effective at promoting smoking cessation. Further research is required to establish if any additional benefit is gained from an increased number of text messages or concurrent pharmacotherapy or behavioural counselling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheneal Puljević
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Isabel Meciar
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alice Holland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Stjepanović
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Centaine L Snoswell
- Centre for Online Health, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma E Thomas
- Centre for Online Health, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie Morphett
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heewon Kang
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Seoul National University Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gary Chan
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Etienne Grobler
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Coral E Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
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Blomqvist J, Gunnarsson KU, Bendtsen P, Bendtsen M. Effects of a text messaging smoking cessation intervention amongst online help-seekers and primary health care visitors: findings from a randomised controlled trial. BMC Med 2023; 21:382. [PMID: 37794399 PMCID: PMC10552416 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-023-03073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Smoking continues to be a leading risk factor for several diseases globally. We hypothesised that an intervention delivered via text messages could help individuals who were looking to quit. METHODS A two-arm, parallel-groups, randomised controlled trial was employed. Both groups received treatment as usual, with the intervention group also receiving a 12-week text messaging intervention. Participants were adult, weekly or more frequent smokers, recruited online and in primary health care centres. Research personnel were blinded, while participants were not. Primary outcomes were prolonged abstinence and point prevalence of abstinence, 3 and 6 months post-randomisation. All randomised participants were included in analyses. RESULTS Between 18 September 2020 and 16 June 2022, we randomised 1012 participants (intervention: 505, control: 507). Outcome data was available for 67% (n = 682) of participants at 3 months and 64% (n = 643) at 6 months. At 3 months, the odds ratio (OR) of prolonged abstinence was 2.15 (95% compatibility interval [CoI] = 1.51; 3.06, probability of effect [POE] > 99.9%, p < 0.0001), and for point prevalence of abstinence, it was 1.70 (95% CoI = 1.18; 2.44, POE = 99.8%, p = 0.0034) in favour of the text messaging intervention. At 6 months, the OR of prolonged abstinence was 2.38 (95% CoI = 1.62; 3.57, POE > 99.9%, p = < 0.0001), and for point prevalence, it was 1.49 (95% CoI = 1.03; 2.14, POE = 98.3%, p = 0.0349) in favour of the text messaging intervention. Analyses with imputed data were not markedly different. CONCLUSIONS Amongst general population help-seekers-who on average had smoked for 25 years-access to a 12-week text messaging intervention produced higher rates of self-reported smoking abstinence in comparison to treatment as usual only. The intervention could be part of the societal response to the burden which smoking causes; however, findings are limited by risk of bias due to attrition, self-reported outcomes, and lack of blinding. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was preregistered in the ISRCTN registry on 27/07/2020 (ISRCTN13455271).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Blomqvist
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
| | | | - Preben Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Medical Specialist, Motala, Sweden
| | - Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, 581 83, Linköping, Sweden.
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Zhou X, Wei X, Cheng A, Liu Z, Su Z, Li J, Qin R, Zhao L, Xie Y, Huang Z, Xia X, Liu Y, Song Q, Xiao D, Wang C. Mobile Phone-Based Interventions for Smoking Cessation Among Young People: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2023; 11:e48253. [PMID: 37706482 PMCID: PMC10510452 DOI: 10.2196/48253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mobile phone-based cessation interventions have emerged as a promising alternative for smoking cessation, while evidence of the efficacy of mobile phone-based smoking cessation programs among young people is mixed. Objective This study aimed to determine the efficacy of mobile phone-based interventions compared to usual practice or assessment-only controls on smoking cessation in young people. Methods In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science on March 8, 2023. We included randomized controlled trials that examined the efficacy of mobile phone-based interventions on smoking cessation in young people (age ≤30 years). The risk of bias was assessed with Cochrane Risk of Bias 2. Results A total of 13 eligible studies, comprising 27,240 participants, were included in this analysis. The age range of the participants was between 16 and 30 years. Nine studies were SMS text messaging interventions, and 4 studies were app-based interventions. The duration of the smoking cessation intervention varied from 5 days to 6 months. The included studies were conducted in the following countries: the United States, China, Sweden, Canada, Switzerland, and Thailand. The meta-analysis revealed that SMS text messaging interventions significantly improved continuous abstinence rates compared to inactive control conditions (risk ratio [RR] 1.51, 95% CI 1.24-1.84). The subgroup analysis showed pooled RRs of 1.90 (95% CI 1.29-2.81), 1.64 (95% CI 1.23-2.18), and 1.35 (95% CI 1.04-1.76) for continuous abstinence at the 1-, 3-, and 6- month follow-up, respectively. Pooling across 7 studies, SMS text messaging interventions showed efficacy in promoting 7-day point prevalence abstinence (PPA), with an RR of 1.83 (95% CI 1.34-2.48). The subgroup analysis demonstrated a significant impact at the 1- and 3-month follow-ups, with pooled RRs of 1.72 (95% CI 1.13-2.63) and 2.54 (95% CI 2.05-3.14), respectively, compared to inactive control conditions. However, at the 6-month follow-up, the efficacy of SMS text messaging interventions in promoting 7-day PPA was not statistically significant (RR 1.45, 95% CI 0.92-2.28). In contrast, app-based interventions did not show significant efficacy in promoting continuous abstinence or 7-day PPA. However, it is important to note that the evidence for app-based interventions was limited. Conclusions SMS text messaging-based smoking cessation interventions compared to inactive controls were associated with abstinence among young people and could be considered a viable option for smoking cessation in this population. More research is needed on smoking cessation apps, especially apps that target young people. Future research should focus on identifying the most effective mobile phone-based cessation approaches and on developing strategies to increase their uptake and intention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Zhou
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Wei
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Anqi Cheng
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zheng Su
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jinxuan Li
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Qin
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- Graduate School, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Xie
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenxiao Huang
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Health Policy and Management, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Xia
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
- China-Japan Friendship School of Clinical Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dan Xiao
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences; Department of Tobacco Control and Prevention of Respiratory Diseases, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Center for Respiratory Medicine; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Health and Multimorbidity; National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases; Institute of Respiratory Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
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Müssener U, Henriksson P, Gustavsson C, Henriksson H, Tyrberg MJ, Johansson S, Alfredsson Ågren K. Promoting Healthy Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults With Intellectual Disability: Protocol for Developing a Digital Intervention With Co-Design Workshops. JMIR Res Protoc 2023; 12:e47877. [PMID: 37505807 PMCID: PMC10422167 DOI: 10.2196/47877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental disorder associated with a poorer health profile and higher mortality. Young people with ID have more sedentary lifestyles than their typically developing peers. Consequently, this group is at significant risk of developing lifestyle diseases (ie, noncommunicable diseases) later in life. Increasing physical activity and eating a healthier diet have been argued to be effective ways to improve the health of adolescents and young adults with ID. Digital interventions are a viable option for improving health behaviors. OBJECTIVE This research protocol describes a co-design approach using workshops to develop a digital intervention that promotes healthy behaviors, including increasing physical activity and eating a healthier diet, among adolescents and young adults with ID. METHODS A participatory design using a co-design approach will be applied as a strategy to include potential users of the digital intervention and other stakeholders in the research process, comprising research design, data collection, and data analysis. A total of 7 to 10 workshops will be conducted aimed at developing a digital intervention and will include procedures for assessing needs; facilitators and barriers to health promotion; physical, mental, and social well-being; participation; and relationships. The workshops will include 12 to 18 stakeholders with experience of clinical practice and research related to young people with ID, including relatives, as well as adolescents and young adults (aged 16-25 years) with mild to moderate ID. Participants will perform a mixture of individual and group work using whiteboards, sticky notes, felt-tip pens, cards, balls, stickers, and wireframe templates. Data analysis will take place concurrently with data collection as an iterative process. Transcribed data from the audio and video recordings of the groups' discussions will be analyzed following a qualitative methodological procedure. RESULTS This study protocol provides a systematic record of the scientific methodologies used when developing the digital intervention and provides insights into the potential practical solutions and challenges when following a co-design approach in which relatives and professionals, as well as adolescents and young adults with ID, are included as research partners. Recruitment of participants started in April 2023. Data collection, analysis, and reporting will be completed in December 2023. CONCLUSIONS This study will explore the effectiveness of workshops at gathering rich, reliable, and valid data in a co-design approach with participants. The results will provide increased knowledge in how to use technology to develop novel, evidence-based, and scalable interventions that adolescents and young adults with ID can and want to use to motivate physical activity and a healthier diet. The project will provide a simple and cognitively accessible digital solution for promoting lifestyle behaviors tailored to the needs of adolescents and young adults with ID. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) PRR1-10.2196/47877.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrika Müssener
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pontus Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Catharina Gustavsson
- Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Uppsala University, Falun, Sweden
- School of Health and Welfare, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Hanna Henriksson
- Department of Health, Medicine, and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Mårten J Tyrberg
- Centre for Clinical Research, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Region Västmanland, Västmanland Hospital, Västerås, Sweden
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Division of Media Technology and Interaction Design, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Design Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Amiri S, Khan MAB. Digital interventions for smoking abstinence: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials. J Addict Dis 2023; 41:4-29. [PMID: 35426355 DOI: 10.1080/10550887.2022.2058300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Technological advancements have improved patients' health and clinical care through digital interventions. This study investigated the effects of digital interventions on smoking abstinence. METHODS PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Scopus were systematically searched from inception until December 2021. Meta-analysis was carried out using a random-effects model. The degree of heterogeneity, quality, and publication bias of the selected studies was further evaluated. RESULTS A total of 43 randomized control trial studies were eligible for this study. 38,814 participants from 18 countries were included in the analysis. Digital interventions on seven-day point prevalence abstinence (1 month) showed increased smoking abstinence. The odds ratio was 2.02 and confidence interval (CI) was 1.67-2.43; p < 0.001; I2 = 55.1%) . The result for a 30-day point prevalence abstinence (1 month) was 1.63 (CI 1.09-2.46; p = 0.018; I2 = 0%). Digital intervention also had a significant effect on continuous abstinence (odds ratio = 1.68; CI 1.29-2.18; p < 0.001; I2 = 70.1%) and prolonged abstinence (odds ratio = 1.60; CI 1.19-2.15; p = 0.002; I2 = 53.6%). There was evidence of heterogeneity and publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Digital interventions led to increased smoking abstinence and can be a valuable tool in smoking cessation. Further research is required to evaluate the long-term impact of digital interventions on outcomes related to smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohrab Amiri
- Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moien A B Khan
- Health and Wellness Research Group, Department of Family Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, UAE.,Primary Care, NHS North West London, London, UK
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Bendtsen M. Avoiding Under- and Overrecruitment in Behavioral Intervention Trials Using Bayesian Sequential Designs: Tutorial. J Med Internet Res 2022; 24:e40730. [PMID: 36525297 PMCID: PMC9804092 DOI: 10.2196/40730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Reducing research waste and protecting research participants from unnecessary harm should be top priorities for researchers studying interventions. However, the traditional use of fixed sample sizes exposes trials to risks of under- and overrecruitment by requiring that effect sizes be determined a priori. One mitigating approach is to adopt a Bayesian sequential design, which enables evaluation of the available evidence continuously over the trial period to decide when to stop recruitment. Target criteria are defined, which encode researchers' intentions for what is considered findings of interest, and the trial is stopped once the scientific question is sufficiently addressed. In this tutorial, we revisit a trial of a digital alcohol intervention that used a fixed sample size of 2129 participants. We show that had a Bayesian sequential design been used, the trial could have ended after collecting data from approximately 300 participants. This would have meant exposing far fewer individuals to trial procedures, including being allocated to the waiting list control condition, and the evidence from the trial could have been made public sooner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus Bendtsen
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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Xu Y, Gu Z, Zhang Y, He M, Gerber BS, Sadasivam RS, Liu F, Wang Z. Global trends in smoking cessation research from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric and visual analysis. Prev Med Rep 2022; 30:101991. [PMID: 36193091 PMCID: PMC9525896 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Our study is the first bibliometric and visual analysis on smoking cessation research of the past two decades. Our study identifies productive countries/regions, institutions, authors, journals, and reveals a global network of collaborations of smoking cessation research. The Co-occurrence Analysis of Keywords shed lights on the research frontier, trends and hot topics on smoking cessation research.
This study aimed to analyze the scientific outputs of smoking cessation research and explore its hotspots and frontiers from 2002 to 2021, using bibliometric methods. We use the core collection of Web of Science as a data source, and apply bibliometric methods to visually analyze articles published in smoking cessation research from 2002 to 2021, including publication year, countries/regions, journals, authors, institutions, and keywords. The VOSviewer (1.6.16) tool was used for the analysis. A total of 8797 articles related to smoking cessation research were identified. The USA was the leading contributor with 4671 publications. NICOTINE&TOBACCO RESEARCH contributed the most publications (528), with the most citations (13746) and the highest H-index (59). The most contributing institutions were the University College London and University of California San Francisco. Robert West was most productive author. We found active collaborations among both productive authors and productive institutions. There were five hot topics in smoking cessation research: (1) Public health harm from tobacco; (2) The role of e-health in smoking cessation; (3) Role of primary health care in eliminating tobacco dependence; (4) Nicotine replacement therapy and pharmacotherapy; (5) The biological and clinical understanding of addiction. Our current study showed a growing trend in smoking cessation based on the number of published articles over the last 20 years. There was active cooperation between institutions, and authors. Electronic cigarettes, mHealth, eHealth, public health and mental health are foci of new and emerging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingxin Xu
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhengmin Gu
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ye Zhang
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,College of Health Management, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Miao He
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ben S Gerber
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Rajani S Sadasivam
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Feifan Liu
- Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
| | - Zhongqing Wang
- Department of Information Center, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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