1
|
Wang X, Dowty ME, Tripathy S, Le VH, Huh Y, Curto M, Winton JA, O'Gorman MT, Chan G, Malhotra BK. Assessment of the Effects of Abrocitinib on the Pharmacokinetics of Probe Substrates of Cytochrome P450 1A2, 2B6 and 2C19 Enzymes and Hormonal Oral Contraceptives in Healthy Individuals. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2024; 49:367-381. [PMID: 38554232 DOI: 10.1007/s13318-024-00893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Abrocitinib is an oral small-molecule Janus kinase (JAK)-1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. In vitro studies indicated that abrocitinib is a weak time-dependent inhibitor of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C19/3A and a weak inducer of CYP1A2/2B6/2C19/3A. To assess the potential effect of abrocitinib on concomitant medications, drug-drug interaction (DDI) studies were conducted for abrocitinib with sensitive probe substrates of these CYP enzymes. The impact of abrocitinib on hormonal oral contraceptives (ethinyl estradiol and levonorgestrel), as substrates of CYP3A and important concomitant medications for female patients, was also evaluated. METHODS Three Phase 1 DDI studies were performed to assess the impact of abrocitinib 200 mg once daily (QD) on the probe substrates of: (1) 1A2 (caffeine), 2B6 (efavirenz) and 2C19 (omeprazole) in a cocktail study; (2) 3A (midazolam); and (3) 3A (oral contraceptives). RESULTS After multiple doses of abrocitinib 200 mg QD, there is a lack of effect on the pharmacokinetics of midazolam, efavirenz and contraceptives. Abrocitinib increased the area under the concentration time curve from 0 to infinity (AUCinf) and the maximum concentration (Cmax) of omeprazole by approximately 189 and 134%, respectively. Abrocitinib increased the AUCinf of caffeine by 40% with lack of effect on Cmax. CONCLUSIONS Based on the study results, abrocitinib is a moderate inhibitor of CYP2C19. Caution should be exercised when using abrocitinib concomitantly with narrow therapeutic index medicines that are primarily metabolized by CYP2C19 enzyme. Abrocitinib is a mild inhibitor of CYP1A2; however, the impact is not clinically relevant, and no general dose adjustment is recommended for CYP1A2 substrates. Abrocitinib does not inhibit CYP3A or induce CYP1A2/2B6/2C19/3A and does not affect the pharmacokinetics of contraceptives. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov registration IDs: NCT03647670, NCT05067439, NCT03662516.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vu H Le
- Pfizer Inc, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Black N, Noghrehchi F, Yuen WS, Aiken A, Clare PJ, Chan G, Kypri K, McBride N, Bruno R, Slade T, Boland V, Mattick R, Peacock A. Transitions to polysubstance use: Prospective cohort study of adolescents in Australia. Addiction 2024. [PMID: 38499496 DOI: 10.1111/add.16468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Adolescent polysubstance use has been associated with adverse social and health outcomes. Our aim was to measure rates and transitions to polysubstance use during adolescence and identify factors associated with initiation and discontinuation of polysubstance use. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. Multistate Markov modelling was used to estimate rates and identify correlates of transitions between substance use states. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Adolescent-parent dyads (n = 1927; adolescents in grade 7, age ≈13 years) were recruited from Australian schools during 2010/11 (Wave 1). Adolescents were surveyed annually until 2016/17 (n = 1503; age ≈19 years; Wave 7) and parents were surveyed annually until 2014/15 (Wave 5). MEASUREMENTS Alcohol, tobacco, cannabis and 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) use outcomes were collected at Waves 3-7. Potential confounders were collected at Waves 1-6 and consisted of sex, anxiety and depression symptoms and externalizing problems, parental monitoring, family conflict and cohesion, parental substance use and peer substance use. Covariates were age and family socioeconomic status. FINDINGS Few adolescents engaged in polysubstance use at earlier waves (Wave 3: 5%; Wave 4: 8%), but proportions increased sharply across adolescence (Waves 5-7: 17%, 24%, 36%). Rates of transitioning to polysubstance use increased with age, with few (<9%) adolescents transitioning out. More externalizing problems (odds ratio [OR] = 1.10; 99.6% confidence interval [CI] = 1.07-1.14), parental heavy episodic drinking (OR = 1.22; 99.6% CI = 1.07-1.40), parental illicit substance use (OR = 3.56; 99.6% CI = 1.43-8.86), peer alcohol use (OR = 5.68; 99.6% CI = 1.59-20.50) and peer smoking (OR = 4.18; 99.6% CI = 1.95-8.81) were associated with transitioning to polysubstance use. CONCLUSIONS Polysubstance use in Australia appears to be rare during early adolescence but more common in later adolescence with low rates of transitioning out. Externalizing problems and greater parental and peer substance use are risk factors for adolescent polysubstance use that may be suitable intervention targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Black
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Firouzeh Noghrehchi
- Biomedical Informatics and Digital Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Wing See Yuen
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- Prevention Research Collaboration, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Shenton Park, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Veronica Boland
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Richard Mattick
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Australia
- School of Psychological Sciences, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Puljević C, Meciar I, Holland A, Stjepanović D, Snoswell CL, Thomas EE, Morphett K, Kang H, Chan G, Grobler E, Gartner CE. Systematic review and meta-analysis of text messaging interventions to support tobacco cessation. Tob Control 2024:tc-2023-058323. [PMID: 38448226 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review randomised controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness of text message-based interventions for smoking cessation, including the effects of dose (number of text messages) and concomitant use of behavioural or pharmacological interventions. DATA SOURCES We searched seven databases (PubMed, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Scopus, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and Web of Science), Google Scholar and the reference lists of relevant publications for RCTs. Eligible studies included participants aged ≥15 years who smoked tobacco at enrolment. STUDY SELECTION One reviewer screened titles and abstracts and two reviewers independently screened full texts of articles. DATA EXTRACTION One of three reviewers independently extracted data on study and intervention characteristics and smoking abstinence rates using Qualtrics software. DATA SYNTHESIS 30 of the 40 included studies reported higher rates of smoking cessation among those receiving text messaging interventions compared with comparators, but only 10 were statistically significant. A meta-analysis of seven RCTs found that participants receiving text messages were significantly more likely to quit smoking compared with participants in no/minimal intervention or 'usual care' conditions (risk ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.52 to 2.29, p <0.001). Three trials found no benefit from a higher dose of text messages on smoking cessation. Two trials that tested the added benefit of text messaging to pharmacotherapy reported outcomes in favour of adding text messaging. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that text messaging-based interventions are effective at promoting smoking cessation. Further research is required to establish if any additional benefit is gained from an increased number of text messages or concurrent pharmacotherapy or behavioural counselling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cheneal Puljević
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Isabel Meciar
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alice Holland
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Stjepanović
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Centaine L Snoswell
- Centre for Online Health, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emma E Thomas
- Centre for Online Health, Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kylie Morphett
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Heewon Kang
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- Seoul National University Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Gary Chan
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Etienne Grobler
- Department of Psychology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Coral E Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lim CCW, Rutherford B, Gartner C, McClure-Thomas C, Foo S, Su FY, Scheurer R, Sebayang S, Chan G, Stjepanović D, Fausiah F, Farassania G, Leung J. A systematic review of second-hand smoking mass media campaigns (2002-2022). BMC Public Health 2024; 24:693. [PMID: 38438990 PMCID: PMC10913644 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18222-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Second-hand smoking (SHS) increases the risk of chronic disease in adults and poses a serious health threat to children. Mass media campaigns are instrumental in raising awareness and reducing SHS exposure. There is a need to identify recent SHS mass media campaigns and assess their sustainability in terms of knowledge, attitudes, and behavioural changes. This systematic review summarises the characteristics and outcomes of mass media campaigns on SHS prevention. METHODS PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and grey literature were searched in November 2022 for SHS campaigns implemented between 2016 and 2022. The eligibility criteria included campaigns on the dangers or effects of SHS with any target group, dissemination medium, study design, or language. The database search identified 1,413 peer-reviewed titles, of which 82 full-texts were screened, with 14 meeting the eligibility criteria. The grey literature search identified 9,807 sources, of which 61 were included. We extracted data on the campaign characteristics, metrics, and smoking-related outcomes. The JBI critical appraisal tool was used to assess the risk of bias of the included studies. RESULTS We found 73 SHS campaigns conducted between 2002 and 2022, across 50 countries. The campaigns reached 378 million people. The reported recall rates range from 8 to 76%. Of the 11 studies that reported smoking-related outcomes, 10 reported increased knowledge in understanding SHS risks (73-85%), five reported an increased prevalence of smoke-free homes, and two reported an increase in number of participants persuading others to quit smoking. Two studies reported a decrease in overall smoking, whereas three studies observed a reduction in smoking in the presence of children. CONCLUSION The available data provide some support for the effectiveness of SHS campaigns in reducing smoking behaviours in homes and around children. However, the certainty of evidence was low due to the lack of a control group and the substantial heterogeneity in the outcomes assessed. Future campaigns need comprehensive evaluation and reporting to reduce publication bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C W Lim
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia.
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Brienna Rutherford
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Caitlin McClure-Thomas
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Shaun Foo
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fang-Yi Su
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Roman Scheurer
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
| | - Susy Sebayang
- School of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Daniel Stjepanović
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Fitri Fausiah
- School of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Ghea Farassania
- School of Psychology, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
| | - Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, 4072, St Lucia, QLD, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chiu V, Dawson D, Chan G, Hall W, Hides L, Leung J. Prevalence and correlates of positive parental attitudes towards cannabis use and use intention in Australia during 2016 and 2019. Addict Behav 2024; 150:107917. [PMID: 38043472 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2023.107917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With recent policy changes around medicinal cannabis in Australia, there is concern about the influence of changing norms of cannabis use on adults who are actively parenting. METHODS This repeated cross-sectional population study used National and Drug Strategy and Household Surveys to estimate the changes and correlates of cannabis-related attitudes (support of legalisation, approve of regular use, would try or use if legal) among Australian parents from 2016 to 2019. RESULTS The estimated proportion of parents who supported legalisation and approved regular cannabis use increased significantly. Parents who would try cannabis if it was legal grew from 5.9% (95 %CI: 5.2, 6.7) to 8.1% (95 %CI: 7.2, 9.0). Parents who said they would use cannabis more often increased from 1.6 (95 % CI: 1.2, 1.9) to 2.9 (95 %CI: 2.4, 3.4), an 81% jump in the three years. The strongest associations were observed between a very high level of psychological distress and regular smoking and drinking. For example, people with a very high level of psychological distress were 2.16 times (95 %CI: 1.42, 3.28) and 2.48 times (95 %CI: 1.61, 3.83) more likely to approve legalisation and regular cannabis use, respectively. Daily drinking was associated with higher odds of trying cannabis (OR = 1.66; CI: 1.25-2.20). DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The proportion of parents who would try or use cannabis more often represents a sizeable pool of potential new and frequent users. This highlights the need for education and intervention strategies for parents who use cannabis and care for young children. The associations between mental health and substance use suggest that more research is needed to understand the impact of legalisation on vulnerable groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chiu
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Danielle Dawson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| | - Janni Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, 31 Upland Road, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Wang Z, Zheng Q, O'Brien JW, Tscharke BJ, Chan G, Thomas KV, Mueller JF, Thai PK. Analysis of wastewater from 2013 to 2021 detected a recent increase in nicotine use in Queensland, Australia. Water Res 2024; 250:121040. [PMID: 38154341 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2023.121040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
Previous wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) studies have reported decreasing trends of nicotine and tobacco use in Australia before 2017, but there is concern that increasing illicit use of nicotine in vaping products and illicit tobacco could reverse this progress. This study aimed to assess temporal trends of nicotine consumption and specifically tobacco consumption via wastewater analysis in a population in Australia between 2013 and 2021. One week of daily wastewater samples were analyzed every two months from February 2013 to December 2021 in a regional city serving ∼100,000 people. A total of 340 daily samples were analyzed for anabasine (tobacco specific biomarker) and nicotine metabolites, cotinine and hydroxycotinine, using direct injection method by liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. Daily consumption estimates were calculated from daily flow data, population estimates and previously reported excretion factors. Linear spline regression was performed to identify periods when significant change of slopes occurred and to evaluate the temporal trends. Tobacco use monitored using anabasine as a biomarker, showed a decreasing trend over the whole period with a higher rate of decrease during the first two years (2013-2014, 21 % decrease) compared to the later 7 years (2015-2021, 10 % decrease). Nicotine use, monitored using cotinine and hydroxycotinine, showed a downward trend between 2013 and 2018 (2013-2014: 18 % decrease, p < 0.05; 2015-2016: 6 % increase, p = 0.48; Feb-Dec 2017: 15 % decrease, p = 0.39) followed by a significant increase from 2018 to 2021 (40 % increase, p < 0.001). This finding suggests the increasing use of non-tobacco nicotine-based products. Additionally, the tobacco use estimate by wastewater analysis was higher than the tobacco sales data, which suggests the use of illicit tobacco in the catchment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Wang
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Qiuda Zheng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia.
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- Center for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The university of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Jochen F Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lim CCW, Sun T, Gartner C, Connor J, Fahmi M, Hall W, Hames S, Stjepanović D, Chan G, Leung J. What is the hype on #MedicinalCannabis in the United States? A content analysis of medicinal cannabis tweets. Drug Alcohol Rev 2024; 43:28-35. [PMID: 36809569 PMCID: PMC10952640 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Medicinal cannabis is now legal in 44 US jurisdictions. Between 2020 and 2021 alone, four US jurisdictions legalised medicinal cannabis. The aim of this study is to identify themes in medicinal cannabis tweets from US jurisdictions with different legal statuses of cannabis from January to June 2021. METHODS A total of 25,099 historical tweets from 51 US jurisdictions were collected using Python. Content analysis was performed on a random sample of tweets accounting for the population size of each US jurisdictions (n = 750). Results were presented separately by tweets posted from jurisdictions where all cannabis use (non-medicinal and medicinal) is 'fully legalised', 'illegal' and legal for 'medical-only' use. RESULTS Four themes were identified: 'Policy', 'Therapeutic value', 'Sales and industry opportunities' and 'Adverse effects'. Most of the tweets were posted by the public. The most common theme was related to 'Policy' (32.5%-61.5% of the tweets). Tweets on 'Therapeutic value' were prevalent in all jurisdictions and accounted for 23.8%-32.1% of the tweets. Sales and promotional activities were prominent even in illegal jurisdictions (12.1%-26.5% of the tweets). Fewer than 10% of tweets were about intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION This study has explored if content themes of medicinal cannabis tweets differed by cannabis legal status. Most tweets were pro-cannabis and they were related to policy, therapeutic value, and sales and industry opportunities. Tweets on unsubstantiated health claims, adverse effects and crime warrants continued surveillance as these conversations could allow us to estimate cannabis-related harms to inform health surveillance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carmen C. W. Lim
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Tianze Sun
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Coral Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public HealthThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Jason Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- Discipline of PsychiatryThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Marco Fahmi
- School of Languages and CulturesThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Sam Hames
- Digital ObservatoryQueensland University of TechnologyBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Daniel Stjepanović
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| | - Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yosipovitch G, Gooderham MJ, Ständer S, Fonacier L, Szepietowski JC, Deleuran M, Girolomoni G, Su JC, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Feeney C, Chan G, Thorpe AJ, Valdez H, Biswas P, Rojo R, DiBonaventura M, Myers DE. Interpreting the Relationship Among Itch, Sleep, and Work Productivity in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of JADE MONO-2. Am J Clin Dermatol 2024; 25:127-138. [PMID: 37624488 PMCID: PMC10796557 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00810-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abrocitinib, an oral, once-daily Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, improved itch severity, sleep, and work productivity versus placebo in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate relationships among itch, sleep, and work productivity in the phase III JADE MONO-2 clinical trial. METHODS A repeated-measures longitudinal model was used to examine relationships between itch (using the Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [PP-NRS] or Nighttime Itch Scale [NTIS]) and sleep disturbance/loss (using the Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure sleep item and SCORing AD Sleep Loss Visual Analog Scale) and, separately, between itch and work productivity (using the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment-Atopic Dermatitis Version 2.0 questionnaire). Mediation modelling was used to investigate the effect of treatment (abrocitinib vs placebo) on work impairment via improvements in itch and sleep. RESULTS The relationships between itch/sleep and itch/work productivity were approximately linear. PP-NRS scores of 0, 4-6, and 10 were associated with 0 days, 3-4 days, and 7 days per week of disturbed sleep, respectively. PP-NRS or NTIS scores of 0-1, 4-5, and 10 were associated with 0-10%, 20-30%, and >50% overall work impairment, respectively. Seventy-five percent of the effect of abrocitinib on reducing work impairment was indirectly mediated by improvement in itch, followed by sleep. CONCLUSION These results quantitatively demonstrate that reducing itch severity is associated with improvements in sleep and work productivity. Empirical evidence for the mechanism of action of abrocitinib showed that itch severity is improved, which reduces sleep loss/sleep disruption and, in turn, improves work productivity. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT03575871.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gil Yosipovitch
- Department of Dermatology, Miami Itch Center, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Sonja Ständer
- Department of Dermatology, Center for Chronic Pruritus, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Luz Fonacier
- NYU Langone Hospital-Long Island Allergy and Immunology, Mineola, NY, USA
| | - Jacek C Szepietowski
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Mette Deleuran
- Department of Dermatology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - John C Su
- Department of Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Dermatology, Monash University, Eastern Health, Box Hill, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Simon AF, Chan G, Williamson W. [Anterior segment ischemia in giant cell arteritis: A case report]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2024; 47:103947. [PMID: 37743222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A F Simon
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - G Chan
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - W Williamson
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Guttman-Yassky E, Facheris P, Gomez-Arias PJ, Del Duca E, Da Rosa JC, Weidinger S, Bissonnette R, Armstrong AW, Seneschal J, Eyerich K, Estrada YD, Bose SN, Xu D, Chen A, Tatulych S, Güler E, Chan G, Page KM, Kerkmann U. Effect of abrocitinib on skin biomarkers in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2023. [PMID: 38108208 DOI: 10.1111/all.15969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first report on the effects of abrocitinib, a Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, on the expression of skin biomarkers in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). METHODS JADE MOA (NCT03915496) was a double-blind Phase 2a trial. Adults were randomly assigned 1:1:1 to receive monotherapy with once-daily abrocitinib 200 mg, abrocitinib 100 mg, or placebo for 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change from baseline in markers of inflammation (matrix metalloproteinase [MMP]-12), epidermal hyperplasia (keratin-16 [KRT16]), T-helper 2 (Th2) immune response (C-C motif chemokine ligand [CCL]17, CCL18, and CCL26), and Th22 immune response (S100 calcium binding protein A8, A9, and A12 [S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12]) in skin through 12 weeks. RESULTS A total of 46 patients received abrocitinib 200 mg (n = 14), abrocitinib 100 mg (n = 16), or placebo (n = 16). Abrocitinib improved AD clinical signs and reduced itch. Gene expression of MMP-12, KRT16, S100A8, S100A9, and S100A12 was significantly decreased from baseline with abrocitinib 200 mg (at Weeks 2, 4, and 12) and abrocitinib 100 mg (at Weeks 4 and 12) in a dose-dependent manner. Abrocitinib 200 mg resulted in significant decreases from baseline in CCL17 expression at Week 12 and CCL18 expression at Weeks 2, 4, and 12; no significant decreases were observed for CCL26. CONCLUSIONS Alongside improvements in clinical signs and symptoms of AD, 12 weeks of abrocitinib treatment resulted in downregulation of genes associated with inflammation, epidermal hyperplasia, and Th2 and Th22 immune responses in the skin of patients with moderate-to-severe AD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emma Guttman-Yassky
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paola Facheris
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Ester Del Duca
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Joel Correa Da Rosa
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | | | - Julien Seneschal
- Department of Dermatology and Pediatric Dermatology, National Reference Center for Rare Skin Disorders, Hospital Saint-André, Bordeaux, France
- Bordeaux University, CNRS UMR 5164, Immunoconcept, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Yeriel D Estrada
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Swaroop N Bose
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Dan Xu
- Pfizer Inc., San Diego, California, USA
| | | | | | | | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sun T, Lim CCW, Rutherford BN, Johnson B, Connor J, Gartner CE, Hall WD, Leung J, Chan G. Changes in patterns of youth multiple tobacco and/or e-cigarette product use in the US between 2014 and 2020: a multiple-group latent class analysis. Tob Control 2023; 33:21-29. [PMID: 35667834 DOI: 10.1136/tobaccocontrol-2022-057266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple tobacco and e-cigarette product (MTEP) use, the concurrent use of two or more different types of tobacco and/or e-cigarettes products, is common among young people in the US. Changes in patterns of MTEP use among US youth between 2014 and 2020 were identified and the determinants of MTEP use were examined. METHODS Four years of repeated cross-sectional data from the US National Youth Tobacco Survey of middle and high school students from grade 6 to 12 (Ntotal=77 402). Multigroup latent class analysis (LCA) was applied to the data series to allow for simultaneous identification of MTEP use patterns between 2014 and 2020. Logistic regression was used to predict class membership on demographic and tobacco-related variables. FINDINGS Over the 7-year period, LCA identified three patterns: minimal/non-users (MNU: ~89.8%), mostly occasional e-cigarette and cigarette users (MOEC: ~9%) and polytobacco users (POLY: ~1.2%). From 2014 to 2020, MNU increased from 86.4% to 92% (p<0.05), while MOEC and POLY decreased from 11.2% to 7.9% and from 2.4% to 0.1%, respectively. The probability of regular e-cigarette use increased from 0 to 2.3% among MNU, 6% to 31.9% among MOEC and 29.6% to 67.6% among POLY (p<0.05). In binomial logistic regression, being male, in high school, non-heterosexual, living with someone who uses tobacco at home, having cognitive difficulties, having lower perceptions of tobacco's danger and exposure to tobacco marketing were associated with greater odds of MOEC and POLY than MNU. CONCLUSIONS There was an increase in regular e-cigarette use in all three classes, but a corresponding decrease in the proportion of MTEP use. Public health interventions to discourage uptake of e-cigarettes, such as tighter restrictions on marketing to minors, are warranted and there is a need to consider disparities in the determinants of MTEP use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tianze Sun
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Carmen C W Lim
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brienna N Rutherford
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin Johnson
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral E Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Wayne D Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Saint Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Thyssen JP, Bewley A, Ständer S, Castro C, Misery L, Kim BS, Biswas P, Chan G, Myers DE, Watkins M, Alderfer J, Güler E, Silverberg JI. Abrocitinib Provides Rapid and Sustained Improvement in Skin Pain and Is Associated with Improved Quality of Life Outcomes in Adult and Adolescent Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis. Dermatology 2023; 240:243-253. [PMID: 38081155 PMCID: PMC10997245 DOI: 10.1159/000535285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin pain in atopic dermatitis (AD) increases with disease severity and is associated with substantial quality of life (QoL) burden. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate abrocitinib efficacy on skin pain and QoL in adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS This post hoc analysis included data with abrocitinib administered as monotherapy (pooled phase 2b [NCT02780167] and phase 3 JADE MONO-1 [NCT03349060] and JADE MONO-2 [NCT03575871]) or in combination with topical therapy (phase 3 JADE COMPARE [NCT03720470] and JADE TEEN [NCT03796676]). Patients received oral, once-daily abrocitinib 200 mg, abrocitinib 100 mg, or placebo for 12 or 16 weeks (JADE COMPARE). Skin pain was rated using the Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (PSAAD) skin pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) item ("How painful was your skin over the past 24 h?") on a scale from 0 (not painful) to 10 (extremely painful). Itch (Peak Pruritus NRS) and QoL (Dermatology Life Quality Index or Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index) were assessed. Least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline was analyzed using mixed-effects repeated measures modeling. RESULTS A total of 1,822 patients (monotherapy pool, n = 942; JADE COMPARE, n = 595; and JADE TEEN, n = 285) were analyzed. LSM change from baseline in PSAAD skin pain score was significantly greater with abrocitinib versus placebo from week 2 through week 12 or 16 across all 3 study populations and occurred in a dose-dependent manner. A greater proportion of patients achieved a ≥4-point improvement from baseline in PSAAD skin pain score with abrocitinib (200 mg and 100 mg) versus placebo in the monotherapy pool (56% and 38% vs. 12%; week 12), JADE COMPARE (72% and 52% vs. 26%; week 16), and JADE TEEN (51% and 60% vs. 31%; week 12). Additionally, a greater proportion of patients achieved a stringent threshold of skin pain improvement (PSAAD skin pain score <2) with abrocitinib versus placebo. Adults and adolescents who achieved a ≥4-point improvement in skin pain reported greater QoL improvement than those who did not achieve a ≥4-point improvement. A positive correlation (≥0.3) was observed between skin pain and QoL and separately between skin pain and itch across the 3 study populations. CONCLUSION Abrocitinib as monotherapy or in combination with topical therapy improved skin pain and was associated with improved QoL in both adults and adolescents with moderate-to-severe AD across all evaluated studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob P. Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology and Wound Healing, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Sonja Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus, Münster University Hospital, Münster, Germany
| | - Carla Castro
- Pediatric Dermatology, Hospital Universitario Austral, Pilar, Argentina
| | | | - Brian S. Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jonathan I. Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wollenberg A, Thyssen JP, Bieber T, Chan G, Kerkmann U. A detailed look at the European Medicines Agency's recommendations for use of Janus kinase inhibitors in patients with atopic dermatitis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2041-2046. [PMID: 37319107 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oral Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) have been approved for the treatment of several chronic inflammatory conditions, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and atopic dermatitis (AD). Prompted by new evidence, the Pharmacovigilance Risk Assessment Committee (PRAC) of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) recently reassessed the benefit-risk balance of oral JAKi. The PRAC recommended that oral JAKi should be used only if no suitable alternatives are available in patients ≥65 years of age, or who have a history of atherosclerotic cardiovascular (CV) disease, other CV risk factors (e.g. history of long-term smoking) or have malignancy risk factors, and used with caution in patients at risk of pulmonary embolism or deep vein thrombosis. The European Commission's final decision was issued in March 2023. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to highlight the PRAC recommendations, especially in the context of oral JAKi use in AD. METHODS Authors summarized the PRAC recommendations, the new clinical evidence on oral JAKi safety and key differences between patients with RA and AD. RESULTS Risk of developing adverse events of special interest (e.g. cardiovascular events, malignancy) is higher in patients with RA than in patients with AD, because of the higher prevalence of the underlying risk factors. CONCLUSIONS The benefit-risk profile of JAKi approved for AD remains favourable, including use as first-line systemic therapy for patients with AD <65 years of age and without CV or malignancy risk factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Wollenberg
- Department of Dermatology and Venerology, Ludwig Maximillian University, Munich, Germany
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Bieber
- Department of Dermatology and Allergy, University Hospital of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc, Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Reich K, Silverberg JI, Papp KA, Deleuran M, Katoh N, Strober B, Beck LA, de Bruin-Weller M, Werfel T, Zhang F, Biswas P, DiBonaventura MD, Chan G, Johnson S, Farooqui SA, Kerkmann U, Clibborn C. Abrocitinib efficacy and safety in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from phase 3 studies, including the long-term extension JADE EXTEND study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2056-2066. [PMID: 37335885 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abrocitinib improved signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) at 12 or 16 weeks in phase 3 studies with a manageable safety profile. Further understanding of the abrocitinib long-term efficacy and safety profile is important for its appropriate use in treating chronic AD. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the abrocitinib efficacy up to 48 weeks and long-term safety in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS JADE EXTEND (NCT03422822) is an ongoing, phase 3, long-term extension study that enrolled patients from previous abrocitinib AD trials. This analysis focusses on patients from the phase 3 JADE MONO-1 (NCT03349060), JADE MONO-2 (NCT03575871) and JADE COMPARE (NCT03720470) studies who completed the full treatment period of placebo or abrocitinib (200 mg or 100 mg once daily) and subsequently entered JADE EXTEND. Efficacy endpoints included the proportion of patients achieving skin clearance (Investigator's Global Assessment [IGA] 0/1 [clear/almost clear]; ≥75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index [EASI-75]) and itch response (Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale [PP-NRS] severity ≥4-point improvement). Safety endpoints included treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs), serious TEAEs and TEAEs leading to discontinuation. Data cut-off: April 22, 2020. RESULTS As of the data cut-off, ~70% and ~45% of patients received abrocitinib for ≥36 and ≥48 weeks, respectively. Nasopharyngitis, atopic dermatitis, nausea and upper respiratory tract infections were the most frequent TEAEs. Serious TEAEs occurred in 7% and 5% and TEAEs leading to study discontinuation occurred in 9% and 7% of patients receiving abrocitinib 200 mg and 100 mg, respectively. Week 48 efficacy responses with abrocitinib 200 mg and 100 mg were as follows: IGA 0/1 52% and 39%; EASI-75 82% and 67%, and PP-NRS severity ≥4-point improvement 68% and 51%. CONCLUSIONS In patients with moderate-to-severe AD, long-term abrocitinib treatment resulted in clinically meaningful skin and pruritus improvement. The long-term safety profile was manageable and consistent with previous reports.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristian Reich
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- MoonLake Immunotherapeutics AG, Zug, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Kim A Papp
- Alliance Clinical Trials and Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Norito Katoh
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Bruce Strober
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Central Connecticut Dermatology, Cromwell, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lisa A Beck
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Fan Zhang
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reich K, Silverberg JI, Papp KA, Deleuran M, Katoh N, Strober B, Beck LA, de Bruin-Weller M, Werfel T, Zhang F, Biswas P, DiBonaventura MD, Chan G, Farooqui SA, Kerkmann U, Clibborn C. Abrocitinib effect on patient-reported outcomes in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: Results from phase 3 studies, including the long-term extension JADE EXTEND study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:2047-2055. [PMID: 37319109 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abrocitinib improved signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) at Weeks 12 and 16 in phase 3 studies, with a manageable safety profile. Patient-reported outcomes with long-term abrocitinib treatment were not reported. OBJECTIVE To evaluate patient-reported outcomes with long-term abrocitinib treatment in patients with moderate-to-severe AD. METHODS JADE EXTEND (NCT03422822) is an ongoing, phase 3, long-term extension study that enrolled patients from previous abrocitinib AD trials. This analysis includes patients from the phase 3 trials JADE MONO-1 (NCT03349060), JADE MONO-2 (NCT03575871) and JADE COMPARE (NCT03720470) who completed the full treatment period of placebo or abrocitinib (200 or 100 mg once daily) and subsequently entered JADE EXTEND and were randomised to receive once-daily abrocitinib 200 or 100 mg. Patient-reported endpoints to Week 48 included the proportion of patients who achieved Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) scores of 0/1 (no effect of AD on quality of life [QoL]) and a ≥4-point improvement in Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM) score (clinically meaningful improvement). Data cut-off: April 22, 2020. RESULTS Baseline DLQI mean scores were 15.4 and 15.3 in the abrocitinib 200- and 100-mg groups, respectively, which corresponded to a 'very large effect' on QoL; at Week 48, mean DLQI scores were lower with abrocitinib 200 mg (4.6; 'small effect' on QoL) and abrocitinib 100 mg (5.9; 'moderate effect' on QoL). Baseline POEM mean scores were 20.4 and 20.5 in the abrocitinib 200- and 100-mg groups, respectively; at Week 48, mean POEM scores were 8.2 and 11.0. Week 48 patient-reported responses with abrocitinib 200 mg and abrocitinib 100 mg were 44% and 34% for DLQI 0/1, and 90% and 77% for a ≥4-point reduction in POEM score. CONCLUSION In patients with moderate-to-severe AD, long-term abrocitinib treatment resulted in clinically meaningful improvement in patient-reported symptoms of AD, including QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Reich
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Moonlake Immunotherapeutics AG, Zug, Switzerland
| | - J I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - K A Papp
- Alliance Clinical Trials and Probity Medical Research, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
- The University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Deleuran
- Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - N Katoh
- Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - B Strober
- Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Central Connecticut Dermatology Research, Cromwell, Connecticut, USA
| | - L A Beck
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | | | - T Werfel
- Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Zhang
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | - P Biswas
- Pfizer Inc., New York City, New York, USA
| | | | - G Chan
- Pfizer Inc., Groton, Connecticut, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Simon A, Mercier AE, Chan G, Williamson W. [Multimodal imaging of Perifoveal Exudative Vascular Anomalous Complex (PEVAC)]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:968-971. [PMID: 37481453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2023.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Simon
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - A-E Mercier
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - G Chan
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - W Williamson
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Simon A, Mercier AE, Chan G, Williamson W. [Cystic maculopathy of the inner nuclear layer in a glaucoma patient: Case report]. J Fr Ophtalmol 2023; 46:821-825. [PMID: 37088622 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfo.2022.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Simon
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France.
| | - A-E Mercier
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - G Chan
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| | - W Williamson
- Service d'ophtalmologie, centre hospitalier de Pau, 4, boulevard Hauterive, 64000 Pau, France
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Cho A, Scollo M, Chan G, Driezen P, Hyland A, Shang C, Gartner CE. Tobacco purchasing in Australia during regular tax increases: findings from the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project. Tob Control 2023:tc-2023-058130. [PMID: 37652676 PMCID: PMC10902190 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2023-058130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/17/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined Australian tobacco purchasing trends, the average self-reported price paid within each purchase type and the association between type of tobacco product purchased and participant characteristics, including quit intentions, between 2007 and 2020. METHODS We analysed data collected from adults who smoked factory-made and/or roll-your-own (RYO) cigarettes in nine waves (2007-2020) of the International Tobacco Control Policy Evaluation Project Australia Survey (nsample=5452, nobservations=11 534). The main outcome measures were type of tobacco products purchased: RYO, carton, pack or pouch size and brand segment. Logistic regression, fit using generalised estimating equations, was estimated the association between the outcome and participant characteristics. RESULTS The reported price-minimising purchasing patterns increased from 2007 to 2020: any RYO (23.8-43.9%), large-sized pack (2007: 24.0% to 2016: 34.3%); shifting from large-sized to small-sized packs (2020: 37.7%), and economy brand (2007: 37.2% to 2020: 59.3%); shifting from large (2007: 55.8%) to small economy packs (2014: 15.3% to 2020: 48.1%). Individuals with a lower income, a higher nicotine dependence level and no quit intention were more likely to purchase RYO and large-sized packs. CONCLUSION RYO, large-sized packs and products with a low upfront cost (eg, small RYO pouches and small-sized economy brand packs) may appeal to people on low incomes. Australia's diverse tobacco pack and pouch sizes allow the tobacco industry to influence tobacco purchases. Standardising pack and pouch sizes may reduce some price-related marketing and especially benefit people who have a low income, are highly addicted and have no quit intention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ara Cho
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- The NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, The University of Queensland School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Michelle Scollo
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Pete Driezen
- Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrew Hyland
- Department of Health Behavior, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Ce Shang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Coral E Gartner
- The NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, The University of Queensland School of Public Health, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Vu GT, Stjepanović D, Sun T, Leung J, Chung J, Connor J, Thai PK, Gartner CE, Tran BX, Hall WD, Chan G. Predicting the long-term effects of electronic cigarette use on population health: a systematic review of modelling studies. Tob Control 2023:tc-2022-057748. [PMID: 37295941 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To systematically review and synthesise the findings of modelling studies on the population impacts of e-cigarette use and to identify potential gaps requiring future investigation. DATA SOURCE AND STUDY SELECTION Four databases were searched for modelling studies of e-cigarette use on population health published between 2010 and 2023. A total of 32 studies were included. DATA EXTRACTION Data on study characteristics, model attributes and estimates of population impacts including health outcomes and smoking prevalence were extracted from each article. The findings were synthesised narratively. DATA SYNTHESIS The introduction of e-cigarettes was predicted to lead to decreased smoking-related mortality, increased quality-adjusted life-years and reduced health system costs in 29 studies. Seventeen studies predicted a lower prevalence of cigarette smoking. Models that predicted negative population impacts assumed very high e-cigarette initiation rates among non-smokers and that e-cigarette use would discourage smoking cessation by a large margin. The majority of the studies were based on US population data and few studies included factors other than smoking status, such as jurisdictional tobacco control policies or social influence. CONCLUSIONS A population increase in e-cigarette use may result in lower smoking prevalence and reduced burden of disease in the long run, especially if their use can be restricted to assisting smoking cessation. Given the assumption-dependent nature of modelling outcomes, future modelling studies should consider incorporating different policy options in their projection exercises, using shorter time horizons and expanding their modelling to low-income and middle-income countries where smoking rates remain relatively high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giang T Vu
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel Stjepanović
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Tianze Sun
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jack Chung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Coral E Gartner
- NHMRC Centre of Research Excellence on Achieving the Tobacco Endgame, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bach Xuan Tran
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
- Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Wayne D Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Simpson EL, Silverberg JI, Thyssen JP, Viguier M, Thaçi D, de Bruin-Weller M, Weidinger S, Chan G, DiBonaventura M, Biswas P, Feeney C, Koulias C, Cork MJ. Efficacy and Safety of Abrocitinib in Patients with Severe and/or Difficult-to-Treat Atopic Dermatitis: A Post Hoc Analysis of the Randomized Phase 3 JADE COMPARE Trial. Am J Clin Dermatol 2023:10.1007/s40257-023-00785-5. [PMID: 37213005 DOI: 10.1007/s40257-023-00785-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Traditional systemic immunosuppressants and advanced therapies improve signs and symptoms of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). However, data are limited in severe and/or difficult-to-treat AD. In the phase 3 JADE COMPARE trial of patients with moderate-to-severe AD receiving background topical therapy, once-daily abrocitinib 200 mg and 100 mg showed significantly greater reductions in the symptoms of AD than placebo and significantly greater improvement in itch response (with abrocitinib 200 mg) than dupilumab at week 2. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the efficacy and safety of abrocitinib and dupilumab in a subset of patients with severe and/or difficult-to-treat AD in a post hoc analysis of the JADE COMPARE trial. METHODS Adults with moderate-to-severe AD received once-daily oral abrocitinib 200 mg or 100 mg, dupilumab 300 mg subcutaneous injection every 2 weeks, or placebo with concomitant medicated topical therapy. Severe and/or difficult-to-treat AD subgroups were classified by baseline characteristics [Investigator's Global Assessment (IGA) 4, Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) > 21, failure or intolerance to prior systemic agents (excluding patients who took only corticosteroids), percentage of body surface area (%BSA) > 50, upper quartiles of EASI (EASI > 38) and %BSA (%BSA > 65), and combined subgroup of IGA 4, EASI > 21, and %BSA > 50, and failure or intolerance to prior systemic agents (excluding patients who took only corticosteroids)]. Assessments included IGA score of 0 (clear) or 1 (almost clear) and a ≥ 2-point improvement from baseline, ≥ 75% and ≥ 90% improvement from baseline in EASI (EASI-75 and EASI-90), ≥ 4-point improvement from baseline in Peak Pruritus-Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS4), time to PP-NRS4, least squares mean (LSM) change from baseline in 14-day PP-NRS (days 2-15), Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM), and Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) up to week 16. RESULTS The proportion of patients achieving IGA 0/1, EASI-75, and EASI-90 responses was significantly greater with abrocitinib 200 mg than placebo (nominal p < 0.05) across all subgroups with severe and/or difficult-to-treat AD. Across most subgroups, PP-NRS4 response was significantly greater with abrocitinib 200 mg than placebo (nominal p < 0.01); the time to achieve this response was shorter with abrocitinib 200 mg (range 4.5-6.0 days) than abrocitinib 100 mg (range 5.0-17.0 days), dupilumab (range 8.0-11.0 days), and placebo (range 3.0-11.5 days). LSM change from baseline in POEM and DLQI was significantly greater with abrocitinib 200 mg than placebo (nominal p < 0.001) across all subgroups. Clinically meaningful differences were observed between abrocitinib and dupilumab for most evaluated endpoints across several subgroups, including in patients who failed or were intolerant to prior systemic therapy. CONCLUSIONS Abrocitinib provided rapid and substantially greater improvements in skin clearance and quality of life compared with placebo and dupilumab in subgroups of patients with severe and/or difficult-to-treat AD. These findings support the use of abrocitinib for severe and/or difficult-to-treat AD. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03720470.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Manuelle Viguier
- Dermatologie-Vénéréologie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Reims, Reims, France
| | | | - Marjolein de Bruin-Weller
- National Expertise Center for Atopic Dermatitis, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Michael J Cork
- Sheffield Dermatology Research, IICD, University of Sheffield and Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Erchick DJ, Hazel EA, Katz J, Lee ACC, Diaz M, Wu LSF, Yoshida S, Bahl R, Grandi C, Labrique AB, Rashid M, Ahmed S, Roy AD, Haque R, Shaikh S, Baqui AH, Saha SK, Khanam R, Rahman S, Shapiro R, Zash R, Silveira MF, Buffarini R, Kolsteren P, Lachat C, Huybregts L, Roberfroid D, Zeng L, Zhu Z, He J, Qiu X, Gebreyesus SH, Tesfamariam K, Bekele D, Chan G, Baye E, Workneh F, Asante KP, Kaali EB, Adu-Afarwuah S, Dewey KG, Gyaase S, Wylie BJ, Kirkwood BR, Manu A, Thulasiraj RD, Tielsch J, Chowdhury R, Taneja S, Babu GR, Shriyan P, Ashorn P, Maleta K, Ashorn U, Mangani C, Acevedo-Gallegos S, Rodriguez-Sibaja MJ, Khatry SK, LeClerq SC, Mullany LC, Jehan F, Ilyas M, Rogerson SJ, Unger HW, Ghosh R, Musange S, Ramokolo V, Zembe-Mkabile W, Lazzerini M, Rishard M, Wang D, Fawzi WW, Minja DTR, Schmiegelow C, Masanja H, Smith E, Lusingu JPA, Msemo OA, Kabole FM, Slim SN, Keentupthai P, Mongkolchati A, Kajubi R, Kakuru A, Waiswa P, Walker D, Hamer DH, Semrau KEA, Chaponda EB, Chico RM, Banda B, Musokotwane K, Manasyan A, Pry JM, Chasekwa B, Humphrey J, Black RE. Vulnerable newborn types: analysis of subnational, population-based birth cohorts for 541 285 live births in 23 countries, 2000-2021. BJOG 2023. [PMID: 37156239 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine prevalence of novel newborn types among 541 285 live births in 23 countries from 2000 to 2021. DESIGN Descriptive multi-country secondary data analysis. SETTING Subnational, population-based birth cohort studies (n = 45) in 23 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) spanning 2000-2021. POPULATION Liveborn infants. METHODS Subnational, population-based studies with high-quality birth outcome data from LMICs were invited to join the Vulnerable Newborn Measurement Collaboration. We defined distinct newborn types using gestational age (preterm [PT], term [T]), birthweight for gestational age using INTERGROWTH-21st standards (small for gestational age [SGA], appropriate for gestational age [AGA] or large for gestational age [LGA]), and birthweight (low birthweight, LBW [<2500 g], nonLBW) as ten types (using all three outcomes), six types (by excluding the birthweight categorisation), and four types (by collapsing the AGA and LGA categories). We defined small types as those with at least one classification of LBW, PT or SGA. We presented study characteristics, participant characteristics, data missingness, and prevalence of newborn types by region and study. RESULTS Among 541 285 live births, 476 939 (88.1%) had non-missing and plausible values for gestational age, birthweight and sex required to construct the newborn types. The median prevalences of ten types across studies were T+AGA+nonLBW (58.0%), T+LGA+nonLBW (3.3%), T+AGA+LBW (0.5%), T+SGA+nonLBW (14.2%), T+SGA+LBW (7.1%), PT+LGA+nonLBW (1.6%), PT+LGA+LBW (0.2%), PT+AGA+nonLBW (3.7%), PT+AGA+LBW (3.6%) and PT+SGA+LBW (1.0%). The median prevalence of small types (six types, 37.6%) varied across studies and within regions and was higher in Southern Asia (52.4%) than in Sub-Saharan Africa (34.9%). CONCLUSIONS Further investigation is needed to describe the mortality risks associated with newborn types and understand the implications of this framework for local targeting of interventions to prevent adverse pregnancy outcomes in LMICs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D J Erchick
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - E A Hazel
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - J Katz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - A C C Lee
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M Diaz
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - L S F Wu
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Yoshida
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - R Bahl
- Department of Maternal, Newborn, Child and Adolescent Health and Ageing, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - C Grandi
- Argentine Society of Paediatrics, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A B Labrique
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - M Rashid
- IntraHealth International, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - S Ahmed
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - A D Roy
- Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Haque
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - S Shaikh
- JiVitA Maternal and Child Health Research Project, Rangpur, Bangladesh
| | - A H Baqui
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S K Saha
- Child Health Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - R Khanam
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - S Rahman
- Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - R Shapiro
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Zash
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - M F Silveira
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - R Buffarini
- Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - P Kolsteren
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - C Lachat
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - L Huybregts
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Poverty, Health and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - D Roberfroid
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - L Zeng
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Z Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - J He
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Qiu
- Division of Birth Cohort Study, Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Centre, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - S H Gebreyesus
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K Tesfamariam
- Department of Food Technology, Safety and Health, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - D Bekele
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - G Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, St. Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E Baye
- Department of Pediatric Newborn Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - F Workneh
- Addis Continental Institute of Public Health, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - K P Asante
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - E B Kaali
- Kintampo Health Research Centre, Research and Development Division, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - S Adu-Afarwuah
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - K G Dewey
- Institute for Global Nutrition, Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - S Gyaase
- Department of Statistics, Kintampo Health Research Centre, Kintampo, Ghana
| | - B J Wylie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - B R Kirkwood
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - A Manu
- Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- University of Ghana School of Public Health, Accra, Ghana
| | | | - J Tielsch
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - R Chowdhury
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - S Taneja
- Centre for Health Research and Development, Society for Applied Studies, Delhi, India
| | - G R Babu
- Department of Population Medicine, College of Medicine, QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - P Shriyan
- Indian Institute of Public Health, Public Health Foundation of India, Bengaluru, India
| | - P Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - K Maleta
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - U Ashorn
- Center for Child, Adolescent and Maternal Health Research, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University and Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
| | - C Mangani
- School of Global and Public Health, Kamuzu University of Health Sciences, Blantyre, Malawi
| | - S Acevedo-Gallegos
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - M J Rodriguez-Sibaja
- National Institute of Perinatology, Maternal-Fetal Medicine Department, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - S K Khatry
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S C LeClerq
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Nepal Nutrition Intervention Project - Sarlahi (NNIPS), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - L C Mullany
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - F Jehan
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - M Ilyas
- The Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - S J Rogerson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H W Unger
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory, Australia
| | - R Ghosh
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - S Musange
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda
| | - V Ramokolo
- HIV and Other Infectious Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Gertrude H Sergievsky Center, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - W Zembe-Mkabile
- Health Systems Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- College Graduate of Studies, University of South Africa, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - M Lazzerini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health - IRCCS 'Burlo Garofolo', WHO Collaborating Centre for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Rishard
- University Obstetrics Unit, De Soysa Hospital for Women, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - D Wang
- Department of Global and Community Health, College of Public Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, Virginia, USA
| | - W W Fawzi
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - D T R Minja
- National Institute for Medical Research, Tanga Centre, Tanga, Tanzania
| | - C Schmiegelow
- Centre for Medical Parasitology, Department for Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - H Masanja
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - E Smith
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, Washington, DC, USA
| | - J P A Lusingu
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - O A Msemo
- National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - F M Kabole
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - S N Slim
- Ministry of Health Zanzibar, Zanzibar, Tanzania
| | - P Keentupthai
- College of Medicine and Public Health, Ubon Ratchathani University, Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand
| | - A Mongkolchati
- ASEAN Institute for Health Development, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - R Kajubi
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - A Kakuru
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - P Waiswa
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University School of Public Health, New Mulago Hospital Complex, Kampala, Uganda
- Division of Global Health, Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Walker
- Institute for Global Health Sciences and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - D H Hamer
- Department of Global Health, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - K E A Semrau
- Ariadne Labs, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Division of Global Health Equity & Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - E B Chaponda
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural Sciences, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - R M Chico
- Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - B Banda
- Research Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
| | - K Musokotwane
- Health Specialist PMTCT and Pediatric AIDS, UNICEF, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - A Manasyan
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - J M Pry
- Centre for Infectious Disease Research in Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
| | - B Chasekwa
- Zvitambo Institute for Maternal and Child Health Research, Harare, Zimbabwe
| | - J Humphrey
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - R E Black
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. mSphere 2023; 8:e0003423. [PMID: 36700653 PMCID: PMC10117089 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00034-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anice C Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daphne Avgousti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Bloom
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrianus Boon
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Curtis Brandt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Cameron
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna Cliffe
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Coffin
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blossom Damania
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kari Debbink
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - W Paul Duprex
- University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Nels Elde
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Frueh
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michaela Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marta Gaglia
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Denise Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Adam Geballe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Heise
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Kamil
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - David Knipe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Lauring
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Leib
- Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Mehle
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cary Moody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Münger
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Jay Nelson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Akira Ono
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Ornelles
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing-Hsiung Ou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Purdy
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rolf Renne
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Russell
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Martin Sapp
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bert Semler
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Troy Sutton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tai
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Toth
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Derek Walsh
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Weller
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Wong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Cho A, Chan G, Gartner C. Motivations to Change Smoking Behaviors Between 2007 and 2019 in Australia: A Repeated Cross-sectional Study. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:674-681. [PMID: 35973439 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2010, Australian tobacco excise (administered federally) increased by 25%, and by 12.5% annually from 2013 to 2020, with additional increases on roll-your-own (RYO) tobacco between 2017 and 2020. We estimated past year changes in smoking behavior among Australian adults who smoked (daily and non-daily) in the past year, and the association between consumer characteristics and stated motivations to change/attempt to change smoking behavior between 2007 and 2019. METHODS Logistic regression analysis of combined data from national representative triennial cross-sectional surveys in Australia (N = 22 977). RESULTS The main motivation cited for changing smoking behavior switched from health-related from 2007 to 2010 to cost-related from 2013 to 2019. Among those who quit between one and 12 months ago, living in a lower socioeconomic area (odds ratio (OR) = 1.61, 95% CI = 1.18% to -2.18%), was associated with reporting the cost of smoking motivated them to quit. Among those who reduced their smoking, smoking daily and >20 cigarettes/day vs. non-daily smoking (OR = 2.11, 95% CI = 1.60% to 2.78%), having high/very high psychological distress (OR = 1.33, 95% CI = 1.12% to 1.59%), and alcohol consumption (ORdaily drinking = 1.38, 95% CI = 1.05% to 1.81%) was associated with cost as a motivation. Exclusive (OR = 0.65, 95% CI = 0.53% to 0.80%) and non-exclusive (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.65% to 0.91%) RYO use was associated with being less likely to report the cost of tobacco as motivation for cutting down. CONCLUSIONS The cost of smoking became the most cited motivator to change smoking behavior (eg, quitting and cutting down), particularly for those who lived in low socioeconomic areas, smoked more cigarettes per day, drank alcohol, and had high/very high psychological distress. IMPLICATIONS A change in the main federal tobacco control intervention implemented in Australia from mass-media campaigns to tobacco tax increases has likely led to cost, rather than health, being the main motivation cited for changing smoking behavior in Australia since 2013. Further monitoring is needed to ensure the harmonization in tax rates for RYO and factory-made cigarettes has effectively reduced the price difference between these products because the lower cost of RYO may have reduced the effectiveness of tax increases as a motivator to change smoking behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ara Cho
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Coral Gartner
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Curlewis K, Leung B, Sinclair L, Thornhill C, Chan G, Ricketts D. Systemic medical complications following joint replacement: a review of the evidence. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:191-195. [PMID: 35686748 PMCID: PMC9974346 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2022.0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arthroplasty procedures are commonly performed in the UK. Informed consent is required for each procedure. To obtain informed consent the patient and their surgeon should discuss the risks and benefits of the proposed operation. This discussion should include both regional and systemic complication rates. Regional complications of arthroplasty are generally well documented in the literature. Systemic medical complications are less well described. This lack of accurate data could make it difficult for the treating surgeon to obtain valid consent. The aim of this paper was to review and compare the literature regarding the rate of systemic medical complications after common arthroplasty procedures. METHODS A literature search was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Library and MEDLINE databases. Studies regarding the systemic medical complications and mortality rate of joint replacement were included. FINDINGS We found that systemic complications were more frequent than regional complications following arthroplasty. The systemic complication rates were: hip, 5.1%; knee, 6.9%; ankle, 3.0%; shoulder, 11.2%; elbow, 8.5%; and wrist, 0%. Mortality rates for arthroplasty procedures were: hip, 0.3%; knee, 0.2%; ankle, 0.3%; shoulder, 0.3%; elbow, 0.2%; and wrist, 0%. CONCLUSIONS The most common systemic medical complication following arthroplasty was venous thromboembolism. Preoperative comorbidity was the most important risk factor for both postoperative mortality and systemic medical complications following arthroplasty procedures. We recommend that to obtain informed consent the given rates of systemic medical complications of joint replacement should be discussed and documented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Curlewis
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | | | - L Sinclair
- Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, UK
| | | | - G Chan
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - D Ricketts
- University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Ornelas IJ, Rao D, Price C, Chan G, Tran A, Aisenberg G, Perez G, Maurer S, Nelson AK. Promoting mental health in Latina immigrant women: Results from the Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma intervention trial. Soc Sci Med 2023; 321:115776. [PMID: 36809698 PMCID: PMC9998361 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Latina immigrants are at increased risk of depression and anxiety and limited access to mental health care. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Amigas Latinas Motivando el Alma (ALMA), a community-based intervention to reduce stress and promote mental health among Latina immigrants. METHODS ALMA was evaluated using a delayed intervention comparison group study design. Latina immigrants (N = 226) were recruited from community organizations in King County, Washington from 2018 to 2021. Although originally developed to be delivered in-person, due to the COVID-19 pandemic the intervention was adapted mid-study to be delivered online. Participants completed surveys to assess changes in depression and anxiety post-intervention and at a two-month follow-up. We estimated generalized estimating equation models to assess differences in outcomes across groups, including stratified models for those receiving the intervention in-person or online. RESULTS In adjusted models, participants in the intervention group had lower levels of depressive symptoms than the comparison group post-intervention (β = -1.82, p = 0.01) and at two-month follow-up (β = -1.52, p = 0.01). Anxiety scores decreased for both groups, and there were no significant differences post-intervention or at follow-up. In stratified models, participants in the online intervention group had lower levels of depressive (β = -2.50, p = 0.007) and anxiety (β = -1.86, p = 0.02) symptoms than those in the comparison group, but there were no significant differences among those that received the intervention in-person. CONCLUSIONS Community-based interventions can be effective in preventing and reducing depressive symptoms among Latina immigrant women, even when delivered online. Further research should evaluate the ALMA intervention among larger more diverse Latina immigrant populations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- India J Ornelas
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Deepa Rao
- University of Washington School of Public Health, Department of Global Health, USA.
| | | | - Gary Chan
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA; University of Washington, Department of Biostatistics, USA.
| | - Anh Tran
- Duke School of Medicine, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, USA.
| | | | - Georgina Perez
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Serena Maurer
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| | - Adrianne Katrina Nelson
- University of Washington, School of Public Health, Department of Health Systems and Population Health, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Tscharke BJ, O'Brien JW, Ahmed F, Nguyen L, Ghetia M, Chan G, Thai P, Gerber C, Bade R, Mueller J, Thomas KV, White J, Hall W. A wastewater-based evaluation of the effectiveness of codeine control measures in Australia. Addiction 2023; 118:480-488. [PMID: 36367203 PMCID: PMC10099390 DOI: 10.1111/add.16083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM From 1 February 2018, codeine was rescheduled from an over-the-counter (OTC) to a prescription-only medicine in Australia. We used wastewater-based epidemiology to measure changes in population codeine consumption before and after rescheduling. METHODS We analysed 3703 wastewater samples from 48 wastewater treatment plants, taken between August 2016 and August 2019. Our samples represented 10.6 million people, 45% of the Australian population in state capitals and regional areas in each state or territory. Codeine concentrations were determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and converted to per-capita consumption estimates using the site daily wastewater volume, catchment populations and codeine excretion kinetics. RESULTS Average per-capita consumption of codeine decreased by 37% nationally immediately after the rescheduling in February 2018 [95% confidence interval (CI) = 35.3-39.4%] and substantially in all states between 24 and 51% (95% CI = 22.4-27.0% and 41.8-59.4%). The decrease was sustained at the lower level to August 2019. Locations with least pharmacy access decreased by 51% (95% CI = 41.7-61.7%), a greater decrease than 37% observed for those with greater pharmacy access (95% CI = 35.1-39.4%). Regional areas decreased by a smaller margin to cities (32 versus 38%, 95% CI = 30.2-34.1% versus 34.9-40.4%, respectively) from a base per-capita usage approximately 40% higher than cities. CONCLUSION Wastewater analysis shows that codeine consumption in Australia decreased by approximately 37% following its rescheduling as a prescription-only medicine in 2018. Wastewater-based epidemiology can be used to evaluate changes in population pharmaceutical consumption in responses to changes in drug scheduling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Tscharke
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jake W O'Brien
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fahad Ahmed
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lynn Nguyen
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Maulik Ghetia
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phong Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Cobus Gerber
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard Bade
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Jochen Mueller
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kevin V Thomas
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason White
- School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. mBio 2023; 14:e0018823. [PMID: 36700642 PMCID: PMC9973315 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00188-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daphne Avgousti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Bloom
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrianus Boon
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Curtis Brandt
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Cameron
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna Cliffe
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Coffin
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blossom Damania
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kari Debbink
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nels Elde
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Frueh
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michaela Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marta Gaglia
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Denise Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Adam Geballe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Heise
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Kamil
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - David Knipe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Lauring
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Leib
- Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Mehle
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cary Moody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Münger
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Jay Nelson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Akira Ono
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Ornelles
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing-hsiung Ou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Purdy
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rolf Renne
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Russell
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Martin Sapp
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bert Semler
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Troy Sutton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tai
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Toth
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Derek Walsh
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Weller
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Wong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Goodrum F, Lowen AC, Lakdawala S, Alwine J, Casadevall A, Imperiale MJ, Atwood W, Avgousti D, Baines J, Banfield B, Banks L, Bhaduri-McIntosh S, Bhattacharya D, Blanco-Melo D, Bloom D, Boon A, Boulant S, Brandt C, Broadbent A, Brooke C, Cameron C, Campos S, Caposio P, Chan G, Cliffe A, Coffin J, Collins K, Damania B, Daugherty M, Debbink K, DeCaprio J, Dermody T, Dikeakos J, DiMaio D, Dinglasan R, Duprex WP, Dutch R, Elde N, Emerman M, Enquist L, Fane B, Fernandez-Sesma A, Flenniken M, Frappier L, Frieman M, Frueh K, Gack M, Gaglia M, Gallagher T, Galloway D, García-Sastre A, Geballe A, Glaunsinger B, Goff S, Greninger A, Hancock M, Harris E, Heaton N, Heise M, Heldwein E, Hogue B, Horner S, Hutchinson E, Hyser J, Jackson W, Kalejta R, Kamil J, Karst S, Kirchhoff F, Knipe D, Kowalik T, Lagunoff M, Laimins L, Langlois R, Lauring A, Lee B, Leib D, Liu SL, Longnecker R, Lopez C, Luftig M, Lund J, Manicassamy B, McFadden G, McIntosh M, Mehle A, Miller WA, Mohr I, Moody C, Moorman N, Moscona A, Mounce B, Munger J, Münger K, Murphy E, Naghavi M, Nelson J, Neufeldt C, Nikolich J, O'Connor C, Ono A, Orenstein W, Ornelles D, Ou JH, Parker J, Parrish C, Pekosz A, Pellett P, Pfeiffer J, Plemper R, Polyak S, Purdy J, Pyeon D, Quinones-Mateu M, Renne R, Rice C, Schoggins J, Roller R, Russell C, Sandri-Goldin R, Sapp M, Schang L, Schmid S, Schultz-Cherry S, Semler B, Shenk T, Silvestri G, Simon V, Smith G, Smith J, Spindler K, Stanifer M, Subbarao K, Sundquist W, Suthar M, Sutton T, Tai A, Tarakanova V, tenOever B, Tibbetts S, Tompkins S, Toth Z, van Doorslaer K, Vignuzzi M, Wallace N, Walsh D, Weekes M, Weinberg J, Weitzman M, Weller S, Whelan S, White E, Williams B, Wobus C, Wong S, Yurochko A. Virology under the Microscope-a Call for Rational Discourse. J Virol 2023; 97:e0008923. [PMID: 36700640 PMCID: PMC9972907 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00089-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Viruses have brought humanity many challenges: respiratory infection, cancer, neurological impairment and immunosuppression to name a few. Virology research over the last 60+ years has responded to reduce this disease burden with vaccines and antivirals. Despite this long history, the COVID-19 pandemic has brought unprecedented attention to the field of virology. Some of this attention is focused on concern about the safe conduct of research with human pathogens. A small but vocal group of individuals has seized upon these concerns - conflating legitimate questions about safely conducting virus-related research with uncertainties over the origins of SARS-CoV-2. The result has fueled public confusion and, in many instances, ill-informed condemnation of virology. With this article, we seek to promote a return to rational discourse. We explain the use of gain-of-function approaches in science, discuss the possible origins of SARS-CoV-2 and outline current regulatory structures that provide oversight for virological research in the United States. By offering our expertise, we - a broad group of working virologists - seek to aid policy makers in navigating these controversial issues. Balanced, evidence-based discourse is essential to addressing public concern while maintaining and expanding much-needed research in virology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Felicia Goodrum
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Anice C. Lowen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Seema Lakdawala
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - James Alwine
- Department of Immunobiology, BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Arturo Casadevall
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael J. Imperiale
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Daphne Avgousti
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Lawrence Banks
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Trieste, Italy
| | | | | | | | - David Bloom
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Adrianus Boon
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Curtis Brandt
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Craig Cameron
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | - Gary Chan
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Anna Cliffe
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA
| | - John Coffin
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Blossom Damania
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Kari Debbink
- Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nels Elde
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Emerman
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Lynn Enquist
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Klaus Frueh
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Michaela Gack
- Florida Research and Innovation Center, Port Saint Lucie, Florida, USA
| | - Marta Gaglia
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Denise Galloway
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Adam Geballe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Meaghan Hancock
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | - Eva Harris
- University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, California, USA
| | | | - Mark Heise
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jeremy Kamil
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | - David Knipe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ryan Langlois
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Adam Lauring
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Benhur Lee
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - David Leib
- Dartmouth College, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Shan-Lu Liu
- The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | | | | | | | - Jennifer Lund
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrew Mehle
- University of Wisconsin—Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Ian Mohr
- New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cary Moody
- University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Karl Münger
- Tufts University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Eain Murphy
- SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | | | - Jay Nelson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | | | | | | - Akira Ono
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - David Ornelles
- Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jing-hsiung Ou
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - John Purdy
- University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | - Dohun Pyeon
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Rolf Renne
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Charles Rice
- The Rockefeller University, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Charles Russell
- St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | | | - Martin Sapp
- Louisiana State University, Shreveport, Louisiana, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bert Semler
- University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Thomas Shenk
- Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Viviana Simon
- Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Jason Smith
- University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | | | - Kanta Subbarao
- The Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Troy Sutton
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Andrew Tai
- University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Zsolt Toth
- University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | | | | | - Derek Walsh
- Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | | | | | - Sandra Weller
- University of Connecticut, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sean Whelan
- Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | | | | | | | - Scott Wong
- Oregon Health and Science University, Beaverton, Oregon, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Belete H, Mekonen T, Espinosa DC, Ambaw F, Connor J, Chan G, Hides L, Hall W, Leung J. Cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Addiction 2023. [PMID: 36807954 DOI: 10.1111/add.16170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The most available data on the prevalence of cannabis use come from population surveys conducted in high-income countries in North America, Oceania and Europe. Less is known about the prevalence of cannabis use in Africa. This systematic review aimed to summarize general population-level cannabis use in sub-Saharan Africa since 2010. METHODS A comprehensive search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO and AJOL databases in addition to Global Health Data Exchange and grey literature without language restriction. Search terms related to 'substance', 'Substance-Related Disorders' and 'Prevalence' and 'Africa South of the Sahara' were used. Studies that reported cannabis use in the general population were selected, while studies from clinical populations and high-risk groups were excluded. Prevalence data on cannabis use in the general population of adolescents (10-17 years) and adults (≥ 18 years) in sub-Saharan Africa were extracted. RESULTS The study included 53 studies for the quantitative meta-analysis and included 13 239 participants. Among adolescents, the life-time, 12-month and 6-month prevalence of cannabis use were 7.9% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 5.4-10.9%], 5.2% (95% CI = 1.7-10.3%) and 4.5% (95% CI = 3.3-5.8%), respectively. The corresponding life-time, 12-month and 6-month prevalence of cannabis use among adults were 12.6% (95% CI = 6.1-21.2%), 2.2% (95% CI = 1.7-2.7%, with data only available from Tanzania and Uganda) and 4.7% (95% CI = 3.3-6.4%), respectively. The male-to-female life-time cannabis use relative risk was 1.90 (95% CI = 1.25-2.98) among adolescents and 1.67 (CI = 0.63-4.39) among adults. CONCLUSIONS Life-time cannabis use prevalence in sub-Saharan Africa appears to be approximately 12% for adults and just under 8% for adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Habte Belete
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Tesfa Mekonen
- Department of Psychiatry, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.,School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | | | - Fentie Ambaw
- School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
| | - Jason Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.,National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Verla W, Barratt R, Chan G, Campos-Juanatey F, Esperto F, Greenwell T, Lumen N, Martins F, Osman N, Ploumidis A, Riechardt S, Waterloos M, Dimitropoulos K. Is a course of Intermittent Self-Dilatation (ISD) with topical corticosteroids superior at stabilising urethral stricture disease in men and improving functional outcomes over a course of ISD alone? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur Urol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-2838(23)01051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
|
31
|
Chiu V, Chan G, Hall W, Hides L, Leung J. Trends in cannabis use intention around the period of cannabis legalisation in Australia: An age-period-cohort model. Drug Alcohol Rev 2023; 42:337-345. [PMID: 36445753 PMCID: PMC10098937 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study examines age, time period and birth cohort trends in cannabis use intention and weekly use in Australia over a period in which medicinal cannabis was legalised. METHODS Hierarchical age-period-cohort models were used to analyse the National Drug Strategy Household Survey between 2001 and 2019, including 158,395 participants aged 18-79 years. RESULTS The hierarchical age-period-cohort model demonstrated a decrease in likelihood of intending to try cannabis as age increases. Similar age effects were found in intending to use cannabis as often or less often. There was broad-based shift in attitudes for people wanting to try cannabis (2007: b = -0.51 [-0.82, -0.21]; 2019: b = 0.68 [0.38, 0.98]) or use cannabis more often (2007: b = -0.15 [-0.50, 0.20]; 2019: b = 0.83 [0.49, 1.18]). The population trend of weekly cannabis use decreased in the earlier periods but increased since 2013 (b = -0.13 [-0.25, -0.02] vs 2019: b = 0.06 [-0.09, 0.20]). This suggests that legalisation would increase uptake of cannabis and consumption among current consumers. There were distinctive inter-generation variations: people born between 1950s and 1960s had more liberal views towards cannabis use than people born before or after (p < 0.05). There were indications that young people born in the 1990 s are catching up with the baby boomers in using cannabis more often if it was legal. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS There has been a population-based shift in Australia in favourable attitudes towards cannabis use, more so among those born in the 1950s to 1960s than other generations. Liberal attitudes and more frequent cannabis use may put certain cohorts at higher risks of cannabis dependence and related harms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Chiu
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Janni Leung
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Silverberg JI, Ständer S, Thyssen JP, Kim BS, Castro C, Bewley A, Misery L, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Guler E, Alderfer J, Watkins M, Chan G, Myers DE. 350 Examining the relationships among abrocitinib treatment, itch, skin pain and work and activity impairments in patients with atopic dermatitis: a mediation modelling analysis. Br J Dermatol 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac140.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by intense itch, skin pain and impaired quality of life. Skin pain is a common and bothersome symptom of AD and increases in prevalence and intensity with worsening disease severity. Abrocitinib is an oral, once-daily, selective Janus kinase-1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. Abrocitinib treatment resulted in improvements in skin clearance as well as rapid itch reduction in patients with moderate-to-severe AD across multiple phase 3 studies. Work productivity loss and activity impairment were assessed in the phase 3 JADE MONO-2 (NCT03575871) trial, with greater improvements being associated with abrocitinib treatment compared with placebo. The mechanism(s) through which abrocitinib reduces work productivity loss and activity impairment are unclear. To describe the interrelationships among abrocitinib treatment, itch, skin pain, and work productivity and activity impairment using a mediation modelling analysis in patients with AD. Data from adult patients treated with abrocitinib monotherapy (200 or 100 mg) or placebo in JADE MONO-2 were included in this analysis. As separate outcomes, work productivity loss and activity impairment (outcome variables) were measured by the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: Atopic Dermatitis version 2.0 (WPAI-AD 2.0). Itch and skin pain (mediator variables) were evaluated using the Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (PSAAD) item #1 (How itchy was your skin over the past 24 h?) and item #2 (How painful was your skin over the past 24 h?), respectively. Mediation modelling was conducted independently for work productivity loss and activity impairment. All available data at week 12 were used in the modelling. Effects with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. The direct effects of abrocitinib were estimated to be 7.3% (P = 0.779) and 17.5% (P = 0.258) on work productivity loss and activity impairment, respectively. The indirect effects of abrocitinib treatment on work productivity loss and, separately, on activity impairment mediated via itch were estimated to be 50.6% (P = 0.017) and 20.9% (P = 0.062), respectively, and via skin, pain were estimated to be 42.1% and 61.5%, respectively, (P < 0.05 for both). The indirect effect of abrocitinib treatment on work productivity loss is mediated approximately equally through the reduction in itch severity and skin pain. The effect of abrocitinib treatment on activity impairment is mostly mediated indirectly through the reduction of skin pain, along with a smaller indirect contribution from the reduction in itch. These findings support further research into the extent that patients consider itch and skin pain as separate concepts in terms of their impact on work productivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus, Münster University Hospital , Münster , Germany
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Brian S Kim
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Carla Castro
- Hospital Universitario Austral and Universidad Austral , Pilar , Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Silverberg JI, Ständer S, Thyssen JP, Kim BS, Castro C, Bewley A, Misery L, Bushmakin AG, Cappelleri JC, Guler E, Alderfer J, Watkins M, Chan G, Myers DE. 351 Examining the relationships among abrocitinib treatment, itch, skin pain and dermatology-specific quality of life in patients with atopic dermatitis: a mediation modelling analysis. Br J Dermatol 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac140.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disease associated with itch, eczematous lesions and impaired quality of life (QoL). Although the frequency of skin pain in AD is often underestimated, it is associated with a substantial health burden, similar to itch and is known to contribute to sleep disruption and mood disturbance. Abrocitinib is an oral, once-daily, selective Janus kinase-1 inhibitor approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe AD. In phase 3 clinical trials JADE MONO-1 (NCT03349060) and JADE MONO-2 (NCT03575871), abrocitinib demonstrated rapid relief from itch and skin pain, as well as meaningful improvements in QoL compared with placebo. The interrelationships between abrocitinib treatment and improvements in itch, skin pain and QoL have not yet been investigated. This mediation analysis aimed to characterize the effect of abrocitinib treatment via itch and skin pain on dermatology-specific QoL in patients with AD. Data from JADE MONO-1 and JADE MONO-2 were pooled in this analysis. Adult patients with moderate-to-severe AD received abrocitinib (200 or 100 mg) as monotherapy or placebo for 12 weeks. Three separate models were evaluated whereby QoL was assessed using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) score, and itch and skin pain were assessed via the Pruritus and Symptoms Assessment for Atopic Dermatitis (PSAAD) items #1 (How itchy was your skin over the past 24 h?) and #2 (How painful was your skin over the past 24 h?), respectively. The cross-sectional mediation model (CSMM) was run separately at weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 using all available data at each timepoint. The longitudinal mediation model (LMM), which does not assume independence among measurements of itch, skin pain and DLQI at each timepoint, estimated relationships using all available data from all weeks simultaneously. Based on the results of the CSMM and LMM, a pseudo-steady-state model, in which the relationship among variables was assumed to be the same across timepoints, was applied. Effects with P < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. In the CSMM, the indirect effect of abrocitinib on DLQI mediated via itch was considered approximately stable (24–30%) for the first 8 weeks before increasing at week 12 (42%), while the indirect effect mediated via skin pain was considered approximately stable from week 2 to week 12 (33–41%). In the LMM, the indirect effect of abrocitinib treatment on DLQI mediated via both itch and skin pain was considered approximately stable from week 2 to week 12 (17–26% and 42–48%, respectively). The cross-sectional and longitudinal models were generally consistent and indicated a pseudo-steady-state period between weeks 2 and 12. Using the pseudo-steady-state model, the direct effect of abrocitinib on DLQI was estimated to be 34.8% (P < 0.0001), and the indirect effects mediated via itch and skin pain were estimated to be 19.5% and 45.8%, respectively (P ≤ 0.0001 for both). Improvements in dermatology-specific QoL with abrocitinib are mostly mediated indirectly via a reduction in skin pain and less so by relief of itch. These findings warrant further research to examine to what extent patients consider itch and skin pain as separate concepts in terms of their impact on dermatology-specific QoL.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Sonja Ständer
- Center for Chronic Pruritus, Münster University Hospital , Münster , Germany
| | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Brian S Kim
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai , New York, NY , USA
| | - Carla Castro
- Hospital Universitario Austral and Universidad Austral , Pilar , Argentina
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Silverberg JI, Simpson EL, Thyssen J, Pink AE, Weidinger S, Chan G, Lazariciu I, Clibborn C, Guler E. 359 Switching from dupilumab to abrocitinib in patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis: an analysis of responders and nonresponders to dupilumab. Br J Dermatol 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac140.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Abrocitinib, an oral, once-daily Janus kinase 1-selective inhibitor, had a superior efficacy vs. dupilumab in head-to-head randomized trials in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). Data on patients who switched from dupilumab to abrocitinib have been limited. To evaluate abrocitinib response in patients with moderate-to-severe AD who were responders or nonresponders to dupilumab. Dupilumab-treated patients from the JADE DARE trial (NCT04345367), which was designed to compare the efficacy and safety of 26-week abrocitinib (200 mg daily) vs. dupilumab (300 mg bi-weekly) in patients receiving topical medicated therapy, had the option to switch to abrocitinib 200 mg by enrolling to an open-label JADE EXTEND trial (NCT03422822). In this analysis, we evaluated the response to abrocitinib 200 mg at week 12 of JADE EXTEND of responders and nonresponders to dupilumab at week 26 of JADE DARE. Response and nonresponse were defined as patients’ achievement and nonachievement, respectively, of ≥50%, ≥ 75% or ≥90% improvement from the JADE DARE baseline in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-50, EASI-75 or EASI-90), ≥ 4-point improvement from JADE DARE baseline in Peak Pruritus Numerical Rating Scale (PP-NRS4), and PP-NRS score of 0 or 1 (PP-NRS 0/1) at week 26 of JADE DARE. In addition, changes in individual EASI and PP-NRS scores were evaluated in dupilumab-treated patients with significant skin lesions (EASI ≥16) or itch burden (PP-NRS ≥7) at week 26 of JADE DARE. Patients who withdrew from JADE EXTEND were considered nonresponders after withdrawal. Additionally, adverse events (AEs) of dupilumab-treated patients from JADE DARE occurring during JADE EXTEND were assessed. Out of 365 dupilumab-treated patients in JADE DARE, 312 received treatment in JADE EXTEND. After 12 weeks of switching to abrocitinib, EASI-50 response was maintained in 98% of patients (277/282) who had attained EASI-50 after 26 weeks of dupilumab. Those values were 95% (232/245) for EASI-75, 88% (143/162) for EASI-90, 91% (192/210) for PP-NRS4 and 79% (86/109) for PP-NRS 0/1. Conversely, among patients who did not attain EASI-50 after 26 weeks of dupilumab, switching to abrocitinib for 12 weeks resulted in 75% (12/16) of patients attaining this level of response. Those values were 77% (41/53) for EASI-75, 62% (85/136) for EASI-90, 51% (46/90) for PP-NRS4 and 45% (86/192) for PP-NRS 0/1. Among dupilumab-treated patients with EASI ≥16 at week 26 of JADE DARE, 91% (10/11) experienced improvements (i.e. EASI <16), after switching to abrocitinib for 12 weeks; in two such patients, score changes were consistent with ≥97% improvement in EASI from JADE DARE week 26 to JADE EXTEND week 12 (from 45.5 to 0 and from 42.3 to 1.4). Among patients with PP-NRS ≥7 at JADE DARE week 26, 75% (12/16) showed an improvement (i.e. PP-NRS score <7), 12 weeks after switching to abrocitinib; three such patients achieved a PP-NRS score of 0 or 1. During JADE EXTEND, 57% (178/312) of patients who previously received dupilumab experienced AEs and 3% (9/312) experienced serious AEs. Most patients with moderate-to-severe AD who switched from dupilumab to abrocitinib after 26 weeks maintained their response, while a great proportion of the nonresponders achieved clinically relevant efficacy outcomes 12 weeks after the switch. The safety profile of abrocitinib after switching from dupilumab was consistent with that of previous safety analyses; serious AEs were relatively rare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA
| | | | - Jacob P Thyssen
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Andrew E Pink
- St. John’s Institute of Dermatology, King’s College London and Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust , London , UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Simpson EL, Silverberg JI, Nosbaum A, Winthrop K, Guttman-Yassky E, Hoffmeister KM, Egeberg A, Valdez H, Fan H, Farooqui SA, Chan G, Alderfer J, Romero W, Johnson S. 330 Safety of abrocitinib in 3582 patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis with over 900 patients exposed for almost 2 years. Br J Dermatol 2023. [DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljac140.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Abrocitinib is an oral Janus kinase 1 inhibitor with demonstrated efficacy in moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). To evaluate the long-term safety profile of abrocitinib and provide relevant information for practitioners. Data from patients who received ≥1 dose of abrocitinib 200 mg or 100 mg in the JADE clinical program were pooled in two cohorts. The consistent-dose (CD) cohort comprised patients who received the same abrocitinib dose during the entire exposure time in parent phase 3 studies and/or the long-term extension study JADE EXTEND (NCT03422822). Parent studies were: JADE MONO-1 (NCT03349060), JADE MONO-2 (NCT03575871), JADE TEEN (NCT03796676), JADE COMPARE (NCT03720470), JADE DARE (NCT04345367; 200 mg only) and JADE REGIMEN (NCT03627767); in JADE REGIMEN only patients from the open-label run-in phase (200 mg only) who did not subsequently enter the randomized phase were included. Patients from the phase 2b study (NCT02780167) were also included in the CD cohort. The variable-dose (VD) cohort comprised patients who received different doses of abrocitinib (200 and 100 mg) throughout exposure time in the parent study JADE REGIMEN and in JADE EXTEND, if enrolled. Patients included in the VD cohort completed the open-label period of JADE REGIMEN (abrocitinib 200 mg only) and entered the randomized phase (abrocitinib 200 mg, abrocitinib 100 mg or placebo); some patients subsequently entered the JADE REGIMEN rescue phase (abrocitinib 200 mg) and/or JADE EXTEND (abrocitinib 200 or 100 mg). The data cutoff was 16 April 2021. A Cox regression analysis evaluated risk factors for specific events of interest. Data from 3582 patients (4313.4 patient-years) were analysed: 2784 patients in the CD cohort (abrocitinib 200 mg, n = 1761, abrocitinib 100 mg, n = 1023) and 798 patients in the VD cohort. Duration of exposure was ≥48 weeks in 43.6%, 66.9% and 86.1% and ≥96 weeks in 18.0%, 23.2% and 45.4% of patients in the CD 200 mg, 100 mg and VD cohorts, respectively. In the CD and VD cohorts, the median age was 30.0 and 29.0 years; 490 (17.6%) and 145 patients (18.2%) were adolescents, and 143 (5.1%) and 30 patients (3.8%) were aged ≥65 years at screening, respectively. Incidence rates (IRs; unique patients with events per 100 patient-years) of serious adverse events (SAEs), deaths, and treatment-emergent adverse events of special interest are shown in Table 1. IRs for SAEs were consistent across abrocitinib doses but were higher in patients aged ≥65 years vs. younger patients. Serious infections were the most frequent SAEs; frequency was not dose related. Herpes zoster (HZ), herpes simplex and pneumonia were the most frequent serious infections. From a Cox regression analysis, potential risk factors for treatment-emergent HZ included abrocitinib dose, baseline age, medical history of HZ, absolute lymphocyte count <1000 mm−3 prior to infection and region. Most (95%) adjudicated opportunistic HZ infections were cutaneous; 2 (5%) were extracutaneous (one serious disseminated varicella-zoster virus infection, one serious HZ meningitis). IRs for nonmelanoma skin cancer, malignancy (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer), thrombocytopenia and lymphopenia were higher in patients aged ≥65 years vs. younger patients but were not dose related. Abrocitinib has an acceptable long-term safety profile in this large analysis of patients with moderate-to-severe AD. Risk of SAEs, HZ infection, malignancies and hematologic abnormalities increased with older age; HZ risk was also related to dose and prior HZ infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences , Washington, DC , USA
| | - Audrey Nosbaum
- Hospices Civils de Lyon, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud , Pierre Bénite , France
| | | | | | - Karin M Hoffmeister
- Translational Glycomics Center, Versiti Blood Research Institute , Milwaukee, WI , USA
- Medical College of Wisconsin , Milwaukee, WI , USA
| | - Alexander Egeberg
- Bispebjerg Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Stone A, Chan G, Sinclair L, Phadnis J. Elbow arthroplasty in trauma-current concepts review. J Orthop 2023; 35:126-133. [PMID: 36471696 PMCID: PMC9718957 DOI: 10.1016/j.jor.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Despite advancements in modern locking plate technology, distal humerus fractures in the elderly remain difficult to treat. A subset of fractures in this osteoporotic bone includes multiple, shallow articular fragments that renders fixation unreliable, precluding early motion and acceptable functional outcomes. Arthroplasty, in the form of either Total Elbow Arthroplasty (TEA) or Distal Humeral Hemiarthroplasty (DHH) are alternative treatment options in this cohort and are being increasingly used. Methods This article reviews the use of TEA or DHH for acute distal humerus fracture, including patient selection, pre-operative planning, surgical approach, implant positioning, rehabilitation, outcomes and complications. Results Arthroplasties are being increasingly used for acute distal humerus fractures, however they introduce potential complications not seen with fixation. Due care must be employed to correct implant positioning which is a function of implant rotation, implant length and implant sizing. We describe a robust technique for epicondyle repair in DHH and unlinked TEA to avoid instability. Outcomes of DHH and TEA for acute distal humerus fracture are encouraging, however further long-term outcome and comparative data regarding arthroplasty is required. Conclusions Short to medium term outcomes demonstrate that both DHH and TEA are valuable options for selected patients, although attention to technique is required to minimise potential complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A. Stone
- Shoulder & Elbow Post-CCT Fellow, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - G. Chan
- Specialty Registrar, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Honorary Clinical Lecturer, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, UK
| | - L. Sinclair
- Clinical Librarian, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - J. Phadnis
- Consultant Trauma & Orthopaedic Surgeon, University Hospitals Sussex NHS Foundation Trust, Honorary Clinical Reader, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, UK
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Mefodeva V, Carlyle M, Walter Z, Chan G, Hides L. Polysubstance use in young people accessing residential and day-treatment services for substance use: substance use profiles, psychiatric comorbidity and treatment completion. Addiction 2022; 117:3110-3120. [PMID: 35851706 PMCID: PMC9804256 DOI: 10.1111/add.16008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS People with substance use disorders (SUDs) frequently present to treatment with polysubstance use and mental health comorbidities. Different combinations of substance use and mental health problems require different treatment approaches. Our study aimed to: (i) identify the shared substance use classes among young people at treatment admission, (ii) determine which mental health symptoms, quality of life (QoL) and service types were associated with the identified substance use classes, and (iii) prospectively determine which substance use classes and service types were more likely to complete treatment. DESIGN Cross-sectional and prospective study using service and outcome data. SETTING Substance use treatment services in Queensland and New South Wales, Australia. PARTICIPANTS De-identified service and outcome measure data were extracted from the files of 744 clients aged 18-35 years (48% male) admitted into seven residential and four day-treatment programmes. MEASUREMENTS Substance use and severity among tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, cocaine, amphetamine-type stimulants, opioids, sedatives and inhalants. Other variables included: depression, anxiety, post-traumatic stress and psychotic symptoms, as well as QoL. FINDINGS Latent class analysis identified three polysubstance use classes: wide-ranging polysubstance users (WRPU; 22.45%), primary amphetamine users (56.45%) and alcohol and cannabis users (21.10%). The WRPU class had higher odds of psychotic symptoms than the alcohol and cannabis use class [odds ratio (OR) = 1.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.11-1.11]; and double the odds of residential programme enrolment than those in the amphetamine use class (OR = 2.35; 95% CI = 1.50-3.68). No other class differences on mental health or QoL variables were found. Clients enrolled in day-programmes had higher odds of completing treatment. CONCLUSIONS There appear to be high levels of polysubstance use among young people entering substance use treatment in Australia. Wide-ranging polysubstance users were more likely to report psychotic symptoms and be enrolled into a residential programme than primary amphetamine users and alcohol and cannabis users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valeriya Mefodeva
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Molly Carlyle
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Zoe Walter
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR)University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Leanne Hides
- School of PsychologyUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR)University of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Gravely S, Driezen P, McClure EA, Hammond D, Michael Cummings K, Chan G, Hyland A, Borland R, East KA, Fong GT, Schauer GL, Quah ACK, Ouimet J, Smith DM. Differences between adults who smoke cigarettes daily and do and do not co-use cannabis: Findings from the 2020 ITC four country smoking and vaping survey. Addict Behav 2022; 135:107434. [PMID: 35908323 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2022.107434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 06/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about population-level differences between adults who exclusively smoke cigarettes and those who smoke cigarettes and also use cannabis (co-consumers). Thus, this study describes differences on sociodemographic, cigarette-dependence, health and behavioral variables, and risk perceptions associated with smoking cannabis. METHODS This cross-sectional study included 6941 respondents from the 2020 ITC Four Country Smoking and Vaping Survey (US, Canada, Australia, England). Adult daily cigarette smokers were included and categorized as: cigarette-only smokers (never used cannabis/previously used cannabis, but not in the past 12 months, n = 4857); occasional co-consumers (cannabis use in the past 12 months, but < weekly use, n = 739); or regular co-consumers (use cannabis ≥ weekly, n = 1345). All outcomes were self-reported. Regression models were conducted on weighted data. RESULTS Overall, 19.9 % of respondents reported regular cannabis co-use and 10.1 % reported occasional co-use. Regular co-use was highest in Canada (27.2 %), followed by the US (24.4 %), England (12.7 %) and Australia (12.3 %). Compared to cigarette-only smokers, regular co-consumers were more likely to be male and report chest/breathing problems (p < 0.001). All co-consumers were more likely to be younger, have lower income, be experiencing financial stress, reside in Canada, have depressive symptoms, use alcohol more frequently and binge drink, use other tobacco/nicotine products, and perceive smoking cannabis as low health risk and less harmful than smoking cigarettes (all p < 0.001). Cigarette dependence measures were similar between co-consumers and cigarette-only smokers (all p ≥ 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Although there were no differences on cigarette dependence measures between daily cigarette smokers who do and do not use cannabis, there are several other risk factors that may affect tobacco use and abstinence among co-consumers (e.g., greater depression, high-risk alcohol consumption). Thus, tobacco cessation treatment may require multi-pronged strategies to address other health behaviors. Continued surveillance is needed to determine the nature and health implications of co-use considering changing policies, markets, and products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Erin A McClure
- Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Hollings Cancer Center, USA
| | | | - K Michael Cummings
- Medical University of South Carolina (MUSC), Hollings Cancer Center, USA
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | | | - Geoffrey T Fong
- University of Waterloo, Canada; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Thanh BX, Vu GT, Hue TTT, Zheng Q, Chan G, Anh NTK, Thai PK. Assessing changes in nicotine consumption over two years in a population of Hanoi by wastewater analysis with benchmarking biomarkers. Sci Total Environ 2022; 846:157310. [PMID: 35839874 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Monitoring the actual change in consumption of nicotine (a proxy for smoking) in the population is essential for formulating tobacco control policies. In recent years, wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been applied as an alternative method to estimate changes in consumption of tobacco and other substances in different communities around the world, with high potential to be used in resource-scarce settings. This study aimed to conduct a WBE analysis in Hanoi, Vietnam, a lower-middle-income-country setting known for high smoking prevalence. Wastewater samples were collected at two sites along a sewage canal in Hanoi during three periods: Period 1 (September 2018), Period 2 (December 2018-January 2019), and Period 3 (December 2019-January 2020). Concentrations of cotinine, 3-hydroxycotinine, and nicotine ranged from 0.73 μg/L to 3.83 μg/L, from 1.09 μg/L to 5.07 μg/L, and from 0.97 μg/L to 9.90 μg/L, respectively. The average mass load of cotinine estimated for our samples was 0.45 ± 0.09 mg/day/person, which corresponds to an estimated daily nicotine consumption of 1.28 ± 0.25 mg/day/person. No weekly trend was detected over the three monitoring periods. We found the amount of nicotine consumption in Period 1 to be significantly lower than in Period 2 and Period 3. Our WBE estimates of smoking prevalence were slightly lower than the survey data. The analysis of benchmarking biomarkers confirmed that cotinine was stable in the samples similar to acesulfame, while paracetamol degraded along the sewer canal. Further refinement of the WBE approach may be required to improve the accuracy of analyzing tobacco consumption in the poor sewage infrastructure setting of Vietnam.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bui Xuan Thanh
- Department of Public Health, University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ho Chi Minh, Viet Nam
| | - Giang T Vu
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Tran Thi Thanh Hue
- Department of Pharmacology, National Institute of Drug Quality Control, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Viet Nam
| | - Qiuda Zheng
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Nguyen Thi Kieu Anh
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Toxicology, Hanoi University of Pharmacy, Viet Nam.
| | - Phong K Thai
- Queensland Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, 20 Cornwall Street, Woolloongabba, Queensland 4102, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cheng B, Coates JM, Gullo MJ, Chan G, Kavanagh DJ, Feeney GFX, Young RMD, Clark PJ, Connor JP. Development of the motivational thought frequency scale for alcohol abstinence (MTF-A). Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:2077-2088. [PMID: 36098356 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS For most treatment-seeking patients with severe Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), abstinence is the clinically indicated goal. Existing AUD motivation scales are non-specific about treatment consumption goals, which limit their effectiveness. Desires and mental imagery are relevant in the motivation for AUD treatment engagement. The Motivational Thought Frequency Scale for an abstinence goal (MTF-A) was adapted from the MTF for controlled drinking (MTF-CD). This study psychometrically evaluated the MTF-A in an alcohol-dependent sample engaged in treatment with a goal of abstinence. To enhance the clinical utility of the scale, a secondary aim was to evaluate a psychometrically equivalent short version of the MTF-A. METHOD A sample N of 329 treatment-seeking patients with AUD (mean age of 44.44 years, SD = 11.89 years, 72% male) who were undertaking a cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) program for abstinence completed the Motivational Thought Frequency Scale for Abstinence (MTF-A) and the Severity of Alcohol Dependence Questionnaire (SADQ). The MTF-A measured motivation for abstinence through four factors: intensity, self-efficacy imagery, incentives imagery, and availability. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were conducted to examine factor structure and model fit. Cronbach's alpha assessed internal consistency. Predictive validity was determined by logistic regression predicting first-session treatment non-attendance and alcohol consumption between baseline assessment and commencement of treatment, controlling for potential confounds. RESULTS A four-factor structure provided the best fit for the MTF-A, compared with one- and three-factor models. A shortened 9-item MTF-A scale (S-MTF-A) provided better fit than the 13-item MTF-A scale. Both MTF-A and S-MTF-A displayed good internal consistency. Although both MTF-A and S-MTF-A successfully predicted first-session treatment non-attendance, neither predicted alcohol consumption between the baseline assessment and commencement of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The model fit of the four-factor, 9-item S-MTF-A was superior to the original 13-item MTF-A. Both scales were predictive of participation of AUD treatment. Desires and mental imagery play an important role in AUD treatment motivation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Cheng
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason M Coates
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Matthew J Gullo
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David J Kavanagh
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Psychology and Counselling, Faculty of Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gerald F X Feeney
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ross Mc D Young
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, Queensland, Australia
| | - Paul J Clark
- Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jason P Connor
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research, Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Alcohol and Drug Assessment Unit, Division of Medicine, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Leung J, Gravely S, Lim C, Hall W, Chan G. Age-period-cohort analysis of trends in tobacco smoking, cannabis use, and their co-use in the Australian population. Addiction 2022; 117:2730-2735. [PMID: 35603914 PMCID: PMC9541135 DOI: 10.1111/add.15951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM The prevalence of tobacco smoking has declined in most high-income countries, while cannabis use has been rising. Moreover, cannabis use has been found to have increased among cigarette smokers in recent years in jurisdictions where it has been either decriminalized or legalized. This study measured trends in cannabis, tobacco and the co-use of cannabis and tobacco in Australia. DESIGN Age-period-cohort analysis. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Participants were n = 143 344 individuals aged 18-80 years who participated in Australia's National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (NDSHS) between 2001 and 2019. MEASUREMENTS Regular (weekly/more frequently): (1) tobacco smoking only, (2) cannabis use only and (3) the co-use of cannabis and tobacco. FINDINGS Prevalence of only smoking tobacco decreased in all age groups (P < 0.001) and birth cohorts between 2001 and 2019, but the co-use of cannabis and tobacco did not. Younger cohorts were much less likely to co-use tobacco and cannabis (P = 0.02). Period trends showed that both cannabis use only and the co-use of cannabis and tobacco have increased since 2013. CONCLUSION There has been a consistent decrease in exclusive tobacco smoking across age, period and birth cohorts between 2001 and 2019 in Australia, although there is a recent increasing period trend in cannabis use with or without tobacco. The non-decreasing trend of co-use may reflect the strong tobacco control policies introduced over the period and changing attitudes towards cannabis use in Australia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Janni Leung
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Shannon Gravely
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of WaterlooWaterlooONCanada
| | - Carmen Lim
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
- School of PsychologyThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Wayne Hall
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre for Youth Substance Use ResearchThe University of QueenslandSt LuciaQLDAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Verla W, Barratt R, Chan G, Campos-Juanatey F, Esperto F, Greenwell T, Lumen N, Martins F, Osman N, Ploumidis A, Riechardt S, Waterloos M, Dimitropoulos K. Is a course of Intermittent Self-Dilatation (ISD) with topical corticosteroids superior at stabilising urethral stricture disease in men and improving functional outcomes over a course of ISD alone? A systematic review and meta-analysis. EUR UROL SUPPL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s2666-1683(22)02051-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
|
43
|
Main S, Dwihardiani B, Hidayat A, Khodijah S, Greig J, Chan G, Parry AE, Nababan B, Billy I, du Cros P, Triasih R. Knowledge and attitudes towards TB among healthcare workers in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Public Health Action 2022; 12:133-140. [PMID: 36160721 PMCID: PMC9484592 DOI: 10.5588/pha.22.0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at an increased risk of TB worldwide. Individual knowledge and attitudes may influence HCW behaviour, and subsequently, TB risk. Indonesia has the second highest case-load globally. OBJECTIVE: To measure TB knowledge and attitudes among a subsection of HCWs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and to explore factors associated with knowledge. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study using an online survey targeting all HCW staff was conducted among HCWs from four pre-selected healthcare facilities in Yogyakarta. Descriptive analysis and a multivariable linear regression were undertaken. RESULTS: Of 792 HCWs, 290 (37%) completed the survey; 64% (n = 185) were medical staff, 33% (n = 95) reported previously being tested for active TB and 8% (n = 24) for latent TB. The mean knowledge score was 7.2/11 (SD 1.5): this was higher among medical staff and those with university education (average score increase: 0.53, 95% CI 0.15 to 0.90; and 0.38, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.74, respectively). Participants agreed that free access to TB screening (93%) and treatment (93%) should be available, and 57% of medical and 77% of non-medical staff would take preventive therapy if eligible. CONCLUSION: Participants had practical understanding of TB; however, gaps were identified in knowledge about TB disease progression and prevention. Prevention programmes were viewed positively. We suggest further TB education and engagement programmes for HCWs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S. Main
- Tuberculosis Elimination and Implementation Science Working Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - B. Dwihardiani
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - A. Hidayat
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - S. Khodijah
- Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - J. Greig
- Tuberculosis Elimination and Implementation Science Working Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - G. Chan
- Tuberculosis Elimination and Implementation Science Working Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - A. E. Parry
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - B. Nababan
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - I. Billy
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - P. du Cros
- Tuberculosis Elimination and Implementation Science Working Group, Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - R. Triasih
- Centre of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Department of Paediatric, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr Sardjito Hospital,
Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Choo J, Rha S, Jung M, Tan H, Chan G, Ho J, Walsh R, Chee C, Raghav S, Yong W. 1255P da VINci: Safety and efficacy of the OTSGC-A24 vaccine and nivolumab in metastatic gastric cancer. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
45
|
Mora J, Bear M, Chan G, Morgenstern D, Nysom K, Tornøe K, Sørensen P, Kushner B. 891P Naxitamab treatment for relapsed or refractory high-risk neuroblastoma: Outcomes from the first prespecified analyses of the Pivotal 201 Trial. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
46
|
Gooderham MJ, Girolomoni G, Moore JO, Silverberg JI, Bissonnette R, Forman S, Peeva E, Biswas P, Valdez H, Chan G. Durability of Response to Abrocitinib in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis After Treatment Discontinuation in a Phase 2b Trial. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2022; 12:2077-2085. [PMID: 35933552 PMCID: PMC9464275 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-022-00764-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Multiple clinical trials showed that 12 weeks of abrocitinib monotherapy was safe and effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD). The reversibility of pharmacologic activity after abrocitinib discontinuation was not described. Methods This post hoc analysis used data from a phase 2b study to evaluate maintenance of disease control during a 4-week drug-free follow-up period in patients with moderate-to-severe AD treated with once-daily abrocitinib (200 mg/100 mg) or placebo for 12 weeks. Proportions of patients who achieved and maintained 50% or 75% improvement in Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-50/EASI-75), an Investigator’s Global Assessment (IGA) score of 0/1, or at least a 4-point improvement in the pruritus numeric rating scale (pruritus NRS4) were determined. Biomarkers of Janus kinase inhibition and AD disease were measured in blood samples. Results Among week 12 responders to abrocitinib 200 mg, 77.4%, 42.3%, 21.1%, and 42.9% maintained their EASI-50, EASI-75, IGA, and pruritus NRS4 response at week 16; corresponding proportions of week 12 responders maintaining response to abrocitinib 100 mg were 51.9%, 35.0%, 33.3%, and 43.5%, respectively. Four weeks after abrocitinib discontinuation, all AD biomarkers reverted toward baseline levels, with high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and eosinophil percentage demonstrating the most complete recovery in patients treated with abrocitinib versus placebo. Conclusion Abrocitinib discontinuation resulted in rapid reversal of disease control consistent with reversal of suppression of pharmacodynamic and AD-specific biomarkers during the drug-free follow-up period. Maintenance of response was inversely related to the threshold of improvement. Patients with moderate-to-severe AD using continuous abrocitinib therapy would likely have the best long-term outcomes. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02780167. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13555-022-00764-4.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jonathan I Silverberg
- The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Gary Chan
- Pfizer Inc., 445 Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT, 06340, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Aiken A, Chan G, Yuen WS, Clare PJ, Hutchinson D, McBride N, Najman JM, McCambridge J, Upton E, Slade T, Boland VC, De Torres C, Bruno R, Kypri K, Wadolowski M, Mattick RP, Peacock A. Trajectories of parental and peer supply of alcohol in adolescence and associations with later alcohol consumption and harms: A prospective cohort study. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 237:109533. [PMID: 35752023 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supply of alcohol to adolescents is associated with increased alcohol consumption and harms including alcohol use disorder (AUD). We aimed to identify: (1) trajectories of alcohol supply to adolescents; (2) sociodemographic characteristics associated with supply trajectory; (3) patterns of alcohol consumption by supply trajectory; and (4) supply trajectory associations with adverse alcohol outcomes. METHODS We used Australian longitudinal survey data (N = 1813) to model latent trajectories of parent and peer alcohol supply over five annual follow-ups (Waves 2-6; Mage 13.9-17.8 years). Regression models assessed associations between supply trajectories and Wave 1 (Mage=12.9 years) sociodemographic factors and associations between supply trajectories and Wave 7 (Mage=18.8 years) alcohol outcomes. RESULTS We identified five alcohol supply classes: (1) minimal supply (n = 739, 40.8%); (2) early parent sips, late peer/parent whole drinks (n = 254, 14.0%); (3) late peer/parent whole drinks (n = 419, 23.1%); (4) early parent sips, mid peer/parent whole drinks (n = 293, 16.2%); (5) early peer/parent whole drinks (n = 108, 6.0%). Compared to minimal supply, the other classes were 2.7-12.9 times as likely to binge drink, 1.6-3.0 times as likely to experience alcohol-related harms, and 2.1-8.6 times as likely to report AUD symptoms at age 19. CONCLUSION Earlier supply of whole drinks, particularly from peers, was associated with increased risk of early adulthood adverse alcohol outcomes. While minimal supply represented the lowest risk, supplying sips only in early-mid adolescence and delaying supply of whole drinks until late adolescence is likely to be less risky than earlier supply of whole drinks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Aiken
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia.
| | - Gary Chan
- National Centre For Youth Substance Use Research, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4067, Australia
| | - Wing See Yuen
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Philip J Clare
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Prevention Research Collaboration, The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Delyse Hutchinson
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; Centre for Social and Early Emotional Development, School of Psychology, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Nyanda McBride
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Jackob M Najman
- Queensland Alcohol and Drug Research and Education Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jim McCambridge
- Department of Health Sciences, Seebohm Rowntree Building, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Upton
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- Sydney Medical School / The Matilda Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Veronica C Boland
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Clara De Torres
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Raimondo Bruno
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| | - Kypros Kypri
- Centre for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Monika Wadolowski
- Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia
| | - Richard P Mattick
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Amy Peacock
- National Drug & Alcohol Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; School of Psychology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS 7000, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Malone Jenkins S, Chan G, Weaver-Lewis K, Bardsley T, Felix J, Grinsell M. Vitamin D, bone density, and nephrocalcinosis in preterm infants: a prospective study. Pediatr Nephrol 2022; 37:1325-1332. [PMID: 34595571 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-021-05300-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) for preterm infants to improve bone density. Complications of VitD supplementation include hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis (NC). NC has been reported in 7-64% infants < 32 weeks gestational age (GA) or < 1500 g birth weight (BW). The relationships between VitD supplementation, serum 25-hydroxy VitD levels, bone density, hypercalciuria and development of NC in preterm infants are not well established. METHODS Prospective, observational cohort study of 56 infants with GA ≤ 32 weeks or BW ≤ 1800 g. Demographics, dietary intakes, serum 25-hydroxy VitD levels and weekly urinalyses were collected until 40 weeks corrected GA or discharge. Bone mineral density (BMD) and content (BMC) were assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. NC was identified by kidney ultrasound. RESULTS 56 infants received on average 447 IU/day of VitD with average serum 25-hydoxy VitD level 39.6 ng/mL. DEXA scan showed average BMD 0.13 g/cm2 and BMC 35.8 g. 23/56 (41%) infants were diagnosed with NC. Infants with NC had lower GA (p < 0.01) and BW (p < 0.01) and increased presence of calcium oxalate crystals (78% vs. 36%) (p = 0.002). There were no differences in VitD intake, urine calcium/creatinine ratios or BMD and BMC in infants with versus without NC. CONCLUSIONS VitD supplementation per AAP guidelines resulted in acceptable serum 25-hydroxyVitD levels, but no improvement in BMD or BMC compared to previously reported values. However, infants receiving recommended amounts born at earlier GA and lower BW are at increased risk of NC. VitD supplementation and serum levels should be closely monitored in this high-risk population. A higher resolution version of the Graphical abstract is available as Supplementary information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Malone Jenkins
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA.
| | - Gary Chan
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, 295 Chipeta Way, Salt Lake City, UT, 84108, USA
| | | | - Tyler Bardsley
- CCTS Study Design and Biostatistics Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Jace Felix
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Matthew Grinsell
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Davidson L, Ellem R, Keane C, Chan G, Broccatelli C, Buckley J, Walter Z, Hallo L, Hides L. A two-stage social network intervention for reducing alcohol and other drug use in residential colleges: Protocol for a feasibility trial. Contemp Clin Trials 2022; 118:106779. [PMID: 35491009 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.106779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In many countries, the rate of binge drinking and alcohol-related harms among students living in residential colleges exceeds that observed among young people in the general population. Peer influence plays a key role in driving alcohol and other drug (AOD) use in colleges. This highlights the potential role of peer influence AOD-interventions in college student-networks. This protocol paper outlines the design of a two-stage social network intervention (SNI) for reducing AOD-use in four Australian first-year residential college networks. METHODS In Stage 1, a peer-led workshop will provide education about AOD-use and harm-minimisation strategies to four first-year cohorts in the first week of semester one (N ~ 500). In Stage 2, a targeted SNI will be delivered to the largest co-educational, first-year cohort (N ~ 160), wherein heavy drinking 'Strategic Players' (influential students) will be identified and offered a brief, telephone-delivered motivational interviewing intervention for AOD-use (QuikFix). Participants will complete online surveys at baseline and 12-, 26-, and 52-weeks follow-up. RESULTS Recruitment occurred in February 2021 and is now closed. Results are expected to be submitted for publication in late 2022. CONCLUSIONS This protocol paper outlines the design of a feasibility trial exploring the impact of applied SNIs for reducing AOD-use and related consequences in residential college student networks. If effective, the two-stage SNI proposed could (i) reduce AOD-use and risk of harm across first-year student networks and (ii) provide an effective brief intervention (QuikFix) to high-risk drinkers who have greatest potential to spread the intervention effects to other risky drinkers in their network. TRIAL REGISTRATION Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry (ACTRN12621000494831).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lily Davidson
- Lives Lived Well Group (LLW), National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR), School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Rhiannon Ellem
- Lives Lived Well Group (LLW), National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR), School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Carol Keane
- Lives Lived Well Group (LLW), National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR), School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Gary Chan
- NCYSUR, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Chiara Broccatelli
- Institute for Social Science Research (ISSR), The University of Queensland, Australia
| | | | - Zoe Walter
- Lives Lived Well Group (LLW), National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR), School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia; NCYSUR, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise Hallo
- Emmanuel College, The University of Queensland, Australia
| | - Leanne Hides
- Lives Lived Well Group (LLW), National Centre for Youth Substance Use Research (NCYSUR), School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Starr N, Perez-Garcia C, Beirne E, Dempsey E, Baby T, Ging P, Chan G, Hannan M, Fabre A, Keogan M, O'Neill J, Joyce E. Challenges of Treating Late Onset Severe Antibody Mediated Rejection Post Orthotopic Heart Transplant. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.01.1160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
|