Ultrasound Evaluation of Pediatric Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations: Practical Diagnostic Reporting to Guide Interventional Management

Pediatric orbital lesions: non-neoplastic extraocular soft-tissue lesions

Orbital pathologies can be broadly classified as ocular, extraocular soft-tissue (non-neoplastic and neoplastic), osseous, and traumatic. In this paper, we discuss the key imaging features and differential diagnoses of congenital and developmental lesions (dermoid cyst, dermolipoma), infective and inflammatory pathologies (pre-septal cellulitis, orbital cellulitis, optic neuritis, chalazion, thyroid ophthalmopathy, orbital pseudotumor), and non-neoplastic vascular anomalies (venous malformation, lymphatic malformation, carotid-cavernous fistula), emphasizing the key role of CT and MRI in the imaging work-up. In addition, we highlight the adjunctive role of ocular ultrasound in the diagnosis of dermoid cyst and chalazion, and discuss the primary role of ultrasound in the diagnosis of vascular malformations.

A Comprehensive Review of Sonographic Assessment of Peripheral Slow-Flow Vascular Malformations

This comprehensive review explores the role of sonographic assessment in diagnosing and characterizing peripheral slow-flow vascular malformations (PSFVM). The review begins with an introduction providing the background and significance of PSFVM, defining these vascular anomalies, and emphasizing the importance of sonography in their diagnosis. The objectives focus on a thorough examination of existing literature, assessing the effectiveness of sonography in delineating morphological and hemodynamic features crucial for accurate classification. The summary of key findings highlights the diagnostic accuracy of sonography while acknowledging its limitations. Implications for clinical practice emphasize the practical utility of sonography in early diagnosis and preoperative planning, suggesting integration into multimodal approaches. The conclusion underscores the need for standardized criteria, ongoing education, and future research, positioning sonography as a valuable tool in the comprehensive management of PSFVM.

Comparison of wireless handheld ultrasound and high-end ultrasound in pediatric patients with venous malformations - First results

AIM

To evaluate the usefulness of handheld ultrasound in comparison with high-end ultrasound for lesion evaluation before and after sclerotherapy in pediatric patients with venous malformations (VMs).

MATERIAL AND METHODS

10 pediatric patients prior to and after sclerotherapy were scanned by an experienced examiner using handheld ultrasound (Vscan AirTM) and high-end ultrasound (LOGIQ E9/E10) as reference. Patients with associated venous thromboses and intralesional aneurysms had been excluded. Results were interpreted independently by two readers in consensus.

RESULTS

10 patients (4-17 years; 10.0±4.32 years; female n = 6, male n = 4) with 10 VMs (4 of the head and neck region, 4 of the upper and 2 of the lower extremities) were examined. 7 phleboliths were detected. The average rating score achieved by the high-end device never was less than 4, by Vscan AirTM never less than 3. An exception was the assessment of AV fistulas. In comparison with the evaluation of variables examined, we found a significant difference between the high-end scanner and the handheld device regarding the achieved image quality.

CONCLUSION

Vscan AirTM ultrasound device allows new possibilities for procedure planning and post-procedural control of pediatric patients with VMs.

Pediatric Vascular Malformations: Imaging Guidelines and Recommendations

Vascular malformations are commonly encountered in the pediatric population. This article reviews the imaging appearances of simple and syndromic vascular malformations in infants and children that radiologists should know and provides imaging guidelines based on an evidence-based approach. Malformations are discussed within the framework of the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies classification system.