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Nogueira FC, de Souza AÁ, Araújo NMS, de Souza LAL, Guimarães Gomes Silva R, de Oliveira Bezerra de Sousa D, Coêlho Cavalcanti B, de Moraes Filho MO, Gurgel do Amaral Valente Sá L, Vitoriano Nobre Júnior H, de Oliveira HD. Antifungal activity of a trypsin inhibitor from Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds against fluconazole-resistant strains of Candida spp. and evaluation of its toxicity in vitro. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:1205-1217. [PMID: 38594492 PMCID: PMC11153404 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-024-01337-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence of Candida species resistant to traditional antifungal drugs is increasing globally. This issue significantly impacts patients' lives and increases healthcare expenses, confirming the need to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Recently, a thermostable trypsin inhibitor named ShTI (11.558 kDa), which has antibacterial effects on Staphylococcus aureus, was isolated from Salvia hispanica L. (chia) seeds. This study aimed to assess the antifungal effect of ShTI against Candida species and its synergism with fluconazole and to evaluate its mode of action. Preliminary toxicological studies on mouse fibroblasts were also performed. ShTI exhibited antifungal effects against C. parapsilosis (ATCC® 22,019), C. krusei (ATCC® 6258), and six clinical fluconazole-resistant strains of C. albicans (2), C. parapsilosis (2), and C. tropicalis (2). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values were 4.1 µM (inhibiting 50% of the isolates) and 8.2 µM (inhibiting 100% of the isolates). Additionally, when combined with fluconazole, ShTI had a synergistic effect on C. albicans, altering the morphological structure of the yeast. The mode of action of ShTI against C. krusei (ATCC® 6258) and C. albicans involves cell membrane permeabilization, the overproduction of reactive oxygen species, the formation of pseudohyphae, pore formation, and consequently, cell death. In addition, ShTI (8.65 and 17.3 µM) had noncytotoxic and nongenotoxic effects on L929 mouse fibroblasts. These findings suggest that ShTI could be a promising antimicrobial candidate, but further research is necessary to advance its application as a novel antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cristiane Nogueira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Adson Ávila de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Nadine Monteiro Salgueiro Araújo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves Lopes de Souza
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Rafael Guimarães Gomes Silva
- Department of Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Daniele de Oliveira Bezerra de Sousa
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil
| | - Bruno Coêlho Cavalcanti
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Manoel Odorico de Moraes Filho
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | | | - Hélio Vitoriano Nobre Júnior
- Drug Research and Development Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Porangabussu, Fortaleza, CE, 60430-270, Brazil
| | - Hermógenes David de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Science Center, Federal University of Ceará, Campus Do Pici Prof. Prisco Bezerra, Fortaleza, CE, 60440-900, Brazil.
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Ajetunmobi OH, Badali H, Romo JA, Ramage G, Lopez-Ribot JL. Antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms: Past, present and future. Biofilm 2023; 5:100126. [PMID: 37193227 PMCID: PMC10182175 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioflm.2023.100126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Virtually all Candida species linked to clinical candidiasis are capable of forming highly resistant biofilms on different types of surfaces, which poses an additional significant threat and further complicates therapy of these infections. There is a scarcity of antifungal agents, and their effectiveness, particularly against biofilms, is limited. Here we provide a historical perspective on antifungal agents and therapy of Candida biofilms. As we reflect upon the past, consider the present, and look towards the future of antifungal therapy of Candida biofilms, we believe that there are reasons to remain optimistic, and that the major challenges of Candida biofilm therapy can be conquered within a reasonable timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olabayo H. Ajetunmobi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Jesus A. Romo
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Glasgow Biofilm Research Network, School of Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Jose L. Lopez-Ribot
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Corresponding author. Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The University of Texas at San Antonio, One UTSA Circle, San Antonio, TX, 78249, USA.
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3
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Satala D, Karkowska-Kuleta J, Bras G, Rapala-Kozik M, Kozik A. Candida parapsilosis cell wall proteins-CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780-Are adhesins that bind to human epithelial and endothelial cells and extracellular matrix proteins. Yeast 2023; 40:377-389. [PMID: 36851809 DOI: 10.1002/yea.3847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the initial steps necessary for the development of Candida infections is the adherence to the host tissues and cells. Recent transcriptomic studies suggest that, in Candida parapsilosis-a fungal infectious agent that causes systemic candidiasis in immunosuppressed individuals-the adhesion is mediated by pathogen cell-exposed proteins belonging to the agglutinin-like sequence (Als) family. However, to date, the actual interactions of individual members of this family with human cells and extracellular matrix (ECM) have not been characterized in detail. In the current study, we focused attention on two of these C. parapsilosis Als proteins-CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780-that were proteomically identified in the fungal cell wall of yeasts grown in the media suitable for culturing human epithelial and endothelial cells. Both proteins were extracted from the cell wall and purified, and using a microplate binding assay and a fluorescence microscopic analysis were shown to adhere to human cells of A431 (epithelial) and HMEC-1 (endothelial) lines. The human extracellular matrix components that are also plasma proteins-fibronectin and vitronectin-enhanced these interactions, and also could directly bind to CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780 proteins, with a high affinity (KD in a range of 10-7 to 10-8 M) as determined by surface plasmon resonance measurements. Our findings highlight the role of proteins CPAR2_404800 and CPAR2_404780 in adhesion to host cells and proteins, contributing to the knowledge of the mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions during C. parapsilosis-caused infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Satala
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Justyna Karkowska-Kuleta
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Grazyna Bras
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Maria Rapala-Kozik
- Department of Comparative Biochemistry and Bioanalytics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kozik
- Department of Analytical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Krakow, Poland
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4
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Branco J, Miranda IM, Rodrigues AG. Candida parapsilosis Virulence and Antifungal Resistance Mechanisms: A Comprehensive Review of Key Determinants. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:jof9010080. [PMID: 36675901 PMCID: PMC9862255 DOI: 10.3390/jof9010080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is the second most common Candida species isolated in Asia, Southern Europe, and Latin America and is often involved in invasive infections that seriously impact human health. This pathogen is part of the psilosis complex, which also includes Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis. C. parapsilosis infections are particularly prevalent among neonates with low birth weights, individuals who are immunocompromised, and patients who require prolonged use of a central venous catheter or other indwelling devices, whose surfaces C. parapsilosis exhibits an enhanced capacity to adhere to and form biofilms. Despite this well-acknowledged prevalence, the biology of C. parapsilosis has not been as extensively explored as that of Candida albicans. In this paper, we describe the molecular mechanistic pathways of virulence in C. parapsilosis and show how they differ from those of C. albicans. We also describe the mode of action of antifungal drugs used for the treatment of Candida infections, namely, polyenes, echinocandins, and azoles, as well as the resistance mechanisms developed by C. parapsilosis to overcome them. Finally, we stress the importance of the ongoing search for species-specific features that may aid the development of effective control strategies and thus reduce the burden on patients and healthcare costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Branco
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research—CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +351-225513662
| | - Isabel M. Miranda
- Cardiovascular Research & Development Centre—UnIC@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Acácio G. Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
- Center for Health Technology and Services Research—CINTESIS@RISE, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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In Vitro Confirmation of Siramesine as a Novel Antifungal Agent with In Silico Lead Proposals of Structurally Related Antifungals. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123504. [PMID: 34201401 PMCID: PMC8230181 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The limited number of medicinal products available to treat of fungal infections makes control of fungal pathogens problematic, especially since the number of fungal resistance incidents increases. Given the high costs and slow development of new antifungal treatment options, repurposing of already known compounds is one of the proposed strategies. The objective of this study was to perform in vitro experimental tests of already identified lead compounds in our previous in silico drug repurposing study, which had been conducted on the known Drugbank database using a seven-step procedure which includes machine learning and molecular docking. This study identifies siramesine as a novel antifungal agent. This novel indication was confirmed through in vitro testing using several yeast species and one mold. The results showed susceptibility of Candida species to siramesine with MIC at concentration 12.5 µg/mL, whereas other candidates had no antifungal activity. Siramesine was also effective against in vitro biofilm formation and already formed biofilm was reduced following 24 h treatment with a MBEC range of 50-62.5 µg/mL. Siramesine is involved in modulation of ergosterol biosynthesis in vitro, which indicates it is a potential target for its antifungal activity. This implicates the possibility of siramesine repurposing, especially since there are already published data about nontoxicity. Following our in vitro results, we provide additional in depth in silico analysis of siramesine and compounds structurally similar to siramesine, providing an extended lead set for further preclinical and clinical investigation, which is needed to clearly define molecular targets and to elucidate its in vivo effectiveness as well.
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6
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Zuo XS, Liu Y, Hu K. Epidemiology and risk factors of candidemia due to Candida parapsilosis in an intensive care unit. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2021; 63:e20. [PMID: 33787740 PMCID: PMC7997672 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-9946202163020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed the clinical features and risk factors of candidemia due to
C. parapsilosis (n=104) in the intensive care unit of a
tertiary hospital over six years. This was a monocentric, retrospective study of
candidemia, conducted from January 2013 to March 2019. Epidemiological
characteristics, clinical features, invasive procedures, laboratory data and
outcomes of 267 patients with candidemia were analyzed to determine risk factors
of candidemia due to C. parapsilosis. Sixty-three cases of
C. albicans and 204 cases of non-C. albicans
Candida (NCAC) species were included, the latter was composed of
104 cases of C. parapsilosis and 100 cases of non-C.
albicans species (46 cases of C. tropicalis, 22
cases of C. glabrata, 23 cases of C.
guilliermondii, 5 cases of C. krusei and 4 cases
of C. lusitaniae), suggesting that C.
parapsilosis was the predominant Candida species
isolated from cases of candidemia. A binary multivariate logistic regression
analysis showed that APACHE II scores, central venous catheterization and the
use of broad-spectrum antibiotics were closely related to C.
parapsilosis candidemia, with OR values of 1.159, 3.913 and 2.217,
respectively. In conclusion, we found that C. parapsilosis was
the main pathogen among the NCAC candidemia in the ICU patients. APACHE II
scores, central venous catheterization and the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics
were independent risk factors for the occurrence of C.
parapsilosis candidemia, which may provide data to support the
early introduction of anti-fungal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Shu Zuo
- Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanan Liu
- Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Hu
- Wuhan University, Renmin Hospital, Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei Province, People's Republic of China
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7
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Vázquez-Fernández P, López-Romero E, Cuéllar-Cruz M. A comparative proteomic analysis of Candida species in response to the oxidizing agent cumene hydroperoxide. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:2219-2228. [PMID: 33630118 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-021-02186-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida genus comprises several species that can be found in the oral cavity and the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of healthy individuals. Under certain conditions, however, they behave as opportunistic pathogens that colonize these tissues, most frequently when the immune system is compromised by a disease or under certain medical treatments. To colonize the human host, these organisms require to express cell wall proteins (CWP) that allowed them to adhere and adapt to the reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species produced in the macrophage during the respiratory burst. The aim of this study was to determine how four Candida species respond to the oxidative stress imposed by cumene hydroperoxide (CHP). To this purpose, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis were exposed to this oxidant which is known to generate ROS in the membrane phospholipids. Accordingly, both mock and CHP-exposed cells were used to extract and analyze CWP and also to measure catalase activity and the levels of protein carbonylation. Results indicated that all four species express different CWP to neutralize ROS. Most relevant among these proteins were the glycolytic enzymes enolase and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, known as moonlight proteins because in addition to participate in glycolysis they play an important role in the cell response to ROS. In addition, a thiol-specific antioxidant enzyme (Tsa) was also found to counteract ROS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Vázquez-Fernández
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Departamento de Biología, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Noria Alta S/N, Col. Noria Alta, C.P. 36050, Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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8
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Branco J, Martins-Cruz C, Rodrigues L, Silva RM, Araújo-Gomes N, Gonçalves T, Miranda IM, Rodrigues AG. The transcription factor Ndt80 is a repressor of Candida parapsilosis virulence attributes. Virulence 2021; 12:601-614. [PMID: 33538224 PMCID: PMC7872087 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2021.1878743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis is an emergent opportunistic yeast among hospital settings that affects mainly neonates and immunocompromised patients. Its most remarkable virulence traits are the ability to adhere to prosthetic materials, as well as the formation of biofilm on abiotic surfaces. The Ndt80 transcription factor was identified as one of the regulators of biofilm formation by C. parapsilosis; however, its function in this process was not yet clarified. By knocking out NDT80 (CPAR2-213640) gene, or even just one single copy of the gene, we observed substantial alterations of virulence attributes, including morphogenetic changes, adhesion and biofilm growth profiles. Both ndt80Δ and ndt80ΔΔ mutants changed colony and cell morphologies from smooth, yeast-shaped to crepe and pseudohyphal elongated forms, exhibiting promoted adherence to polystyrene microspheres and notably, forming a higher amount of biofilm compared to wild-type strain. Interestingly, we identified transcription factors Ume6, Cph2, Cwh41, Ace2, Bcr1, protein kinase Mkc1 and adhesin Als7 to be under Ndt80 negative regulation, partially explaining the phenotypes displayed by the ndt80ΔΔ mutant. Furthermore, ndt80ΔΔ pseudohyphae adhered more rapidly and were more resistant to murine macrophage attack, becoming deleterious to such cells after phagocytosis. Unexpectedly, our findings provide the first evidence for a direct role of Ndt80 as a repressor of C. parapsilosis virulence attributes. This finding shows that C. parapsilosis Ndt80 functionally diverges from its homolog in the close related fungal pathogen C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Branco
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Martins-Cruz
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Lisa Rodrigues
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Raquel M Silva
- Faculdade De Medicina Dentária, CIIS - Centro De Investigação Interdisciplinar Em Saúde, Universidade Católica Portuguesa , Viseu, Portugal
| | - Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Teresa Gonçalves
- CNC - Centre for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal.,FMUC - Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra , Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel M Miranda
- Cardiovascular R&D Centre, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
| | - Acácio G Rodrigues
- Division of Microbiology, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal.,CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto , Porto, Portugal
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Ke CL, Liao YT, Lin CH. MSS2 maintains mitochondrial function and is required for chitosan resistance, invasive growth, biofilm formation and virulence in Candida albicans. Virulence 2021; 12:281-297. [PMID: 33427576 PMCID: PMC7808435 DOI: 10.1080/21505594.2020.1870082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most prevalent fungal pathogen in humans, particularly in immunocompromised patients. In this study, by screening a C. albicans mutant library, we first identified that the MSS2 gene, an ortholog of Saccharomyces cerevisiae MSS2 required for mitochondrial respiration, mediates chitosan resistance. Upon treatment with 0.2% chitosan, the growth of mss2Δ strains was strikingly impaired, and MSS2 expression was significantly repressed by chitosan. Furthermore, mss2Δ strains exhibited slow growth on medium supplemented with glycerol as the sole carbon source. Similar to the chitosan-treated wild-type strain, the mss2Δ strain exhibited a significantly impaired ATP production ability. These data suggest that an antifungal mechanism of chitosan against C. albicans acts by inhibiting MSS2 gene expression, leading to repression of mitochondrial function. Normal respiratory function is suggested to be required for fungal virulence. Interestingly, the mss2Δ mutant strains exhibited significantly impaired invasive ability in vitro and ex vivo but retained normal hyphal development ability in liquid medium. Furthermore, the MSS2 deletion strains could not form robust biofilms and exhibited significantly reduced virulence. Collectively, these results demonstrated that the antifungal effect of chitosan against C. albicans is mediated via inhibition of mitochondrial biogenesis. These data may provide another strategy for antifungal drug development via inhibition of fungal mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cai-Ling Ke
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ting Liao
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University , Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Souto XM, Ramos LS, Oliveira SSC, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. The serine peptidase inhibitor N-ρ-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) affects the cell biology of Candida haemulonii species complex. Fungal Biol 2020; 125:378-388. [PMID: 33910679 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Candida haemulonii species complex (C. haemulonii, C. haemulonii var. vulnera and Candida duobushaemulonii) is composed by emerging and multidrug-resistant (MDR) yeasts. Candidiasis, the disease caused by these species, is difficult to treat and culminates in clinical failures and patient death. It is well-known that Candida peptidases play important roles in the fungus-host interactions, and hence these enzymes are promising targets for developing new antifungal drugs. Recently, serine-type peptidases were described in clinical isolates of C. haemulonii complex with the ability to cleave relevant key host proteins. Herein, the effects of serine peptidase inhibitors (SPIs) on the cell biology of this fungal complex were evaluated. Initially, eight distinct SPIs (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride - PMSF, 4-(2-aminoethyl) benzenesulfonyl fluoride hydrochloride - AEBSF, N-α-tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone hydrochloride - TLCK, N-p-tosyl-l-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone - TPCK, simeprevir, boceprevir, danoprevir and telaprevir) were tested on the fungal growth. TPCK showed the best efficacy in controlling cell proliferation, being selected for the following experiments. This SPI induced changes in the architecture of yeast cells, as observed by scanning electron microscopy, besides injuries at the plasma membrane and reduction in the ergosterol content. TPCK also diminished the ability of yeasts to adhere to abiotic (polystyrene and glass) and biotic (murine macrophages) surfaces in a typically concentration-dependent manner. In addition, the 24 h-treatment of the mature biofilm promoted a decrease in biomass, viability and extracellular matrix. Altogether, our results highlight that SPIs may be promising new therapeutic agents in the treatment of candidiasis caused by emergent, opportunistic and MDR species forming the C. haemulonii complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- X M Souto
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - L S Ramos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S S C Oliveira
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - A L S Santos
- Laboratório de Estudos Avançados de Microrganismos Emergentes e Resistentes (LEAMER), Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes (IMPG), Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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11
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Müller-Sepúlveda A, Chevecich CC, Jara JA, Belmar C, Sandoval P, Meyer RS, Quijada R, Moura S, López-Muñoz R, Díaz-Dosque M, Molina-Berríos A. Chemical Characterization of Lavandula dentata Essential Oil Cultivated in Chile and Its Antibiofilm Effect against Candida albicans. PLANTA MEDICA 2020; 86:1225-1234. [PMID: 32663893 DOI: 10.1055/a-1201-3375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most common human fungal pathogen, and with the increase in resistance rates worldwide, it is necessary to search for new pharmacological alternatives. Lavandula dentata L. essential oil is recognized as having antimicrobial properties. However, its effect against fungal biofilms has been poorly described. C. albicans-related infections involve the development of biofilms, which are highly resistant to conventional antifungals. In this work, we evaluated the antibiofilm effect of L. dentata L. essential oil against C. albicans. First, we characterized the essential oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The antifungal effect on C. albicans reference strains was evaluated by a disk diffusion assay and the minimal inhibitory concentration was obtained through a microdilution assay. The effect of the essential oil on the adhesion ability of C. albicans was determined through a crystal violet assay, and morphogenesis inhibition was assessed by light microscopy. The effect of the essential oil on the microarchitecture of biofilms was evaluated through scanning electron microscopy. Finally, the antibiofilm effect was evaluated through an adapted biofilm scratch assay and XTT viability assay. The main constituent of the essential oil was the monoterpenoid eucalyptol (60%). The essential oil presented minimal inhibitory concentrations of 156 and 130 µg/mL against two strains assayed. This minimal inhibitory concentration inhibited adhesion, morphogenesis, biofilm formation, altered microarchitecture, and decreased the viability of established biofilms formed on abiotic surfaces for both strains assayed. This study demonstrates that the essential oil from L. dentata could be a promising treatment against C. albicans biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Müller-Sepúlveda
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Institute of Agrifood, Animals and Environmental Sciences, Universidad de O'Higgins, Rancagua, Chile
| | - Camila Cid Chevecich
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - José A Jara
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carolina Belmar
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sandoval
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Rocío Santander Meyer
- Departament of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Raúl Quijada
- Faculty of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sidnei Moura
- Laboratory of Biotechnology of Natural and Synthetic Products, Biotechnology Institute, Universidade de Caixas do Sul, Caixas do Sul, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo López-Muñoz
- Institute of Pharmacology and Morphophysiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Mario Díaz-Dosque
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Molina-Berríos
- Institute for Research in Dental Sciences (ICOD), Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
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12
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Song YD, Hsu CC, Lew SQ, Lin CH. Candida tropicalis RON1 is required for hyphal formation, biofilm development, and virulence but is dispensable for N-acetylglucosamine catabolism. Med Mycol 2020; 59:379-391. [PMID: 32712662 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
NDT80-like family genes are highly conserved across a large group of fungi, but the functions of each Ndt80 protein are diverse and have evolved differently among yeasts and pathogens. The unique NDT80 gene in budding yeast is required for sexual reproduction, whereas three NDT80-like genes, namely, NDT80, REP1, and RON1, found in Candida albicans exhibit distinct functions. Notably, it was suggested that REP1, rather than RON1, is required for N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) catabolism. Although Candida tropicalis, a widely dispersed fungal pathogen in tropical and subtropical areas, is closely related to Candida albicans, its phenotypic, pathogenic and environmental adaptation characteristics are remarkably divergent. In this study, we focused on the Ron1 transcription factor in C. tropicalis. Protein alignment showed that C. tropicalis Ron1 (CtRon1) shares 39.7% identity with C. albicans Ron1 (CaRon1). Compared to the wild-type strain, the C. tropicalis ron1Δ strains exhibited normal growth in different carbon sources and had similar expression levels of several GlcNAc catabolic genes during GlcNAc treatment. In contrast, C. tropicalis REP1 is responsible for GlcNAc catabolism and is involved in GlcNAc catabolic gene expressions, similar to C. albicans Rep1. However, REP1 deletion strains in C. tropicalis promote hyphal development in GlcNAc with low glucose content. Interestingly, CtRON1, but not CaRON1, deletion mutants exhibited significantly impaired hyphal growth and biofilm formation. As expected, CtRON1 was required for full virulence. Together, the results of this study showed divergent functions of CtRon1 compared to CaRon1; CtRon1 plays a key role in yeast-hyphal dimorphism, biofilm formation and virulence. LAY ABSTRACT In this study, we identified the role of RON1, an NDT80-like gene, in Candida tropicalis. Unlike the gene in Candida albicans, our studies showed that RON1 is a key regulator of hyphal formation, biofilm development and virulence but is dispensable for N-acetylglucosamine catabolism in C. tropicalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-De Song
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Chieh Hsu
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shi Qian Lew
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Biochemical Science and Technology, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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13
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Liu J, Li Q, Wang C, Shao J, Wang T, Wu D, Ma K, Yan G, Yin D. Antifungal evaluation of traditional herbal monomers and their potential for inducing cell wall remodeling in Candida albicans and Candida auris. BIOFOULING 2020; 36:319-331. [PMID: 32410461 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2020.1759559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Traditional herbal monomers (THMs) are widely distributed in many traditional Chinese formulas (TCFs) and decoctions (TCDs) and are frequently used for the prevention and treatment of fungal infections. The antifungal activities of five common THMs, including sodium houttuyfonate (SH), berberine (BER), palmatine (PAL), jatrorrhizine (JAT) and cinnamaldehyde (CIN), and their potential for inducing cell wall remodeling (CWR), were evaluated against Candida albicans SC5314 and Candida auris 12372. SH/CIN plus BER/PAL/JAT showed synergistic antifungal activity against both Candida isolates. Furthermore, SH-associated combinations (SH plus BER/PAL/JAT) induced stronger exposure of β-glucan and chitin than their counterparts, while CIN triggered more marked exposure compared with CIN-associated combinations (CIN plus BER/PAL/JAT). Collectively, this study demonstrated the anti-Candida effect and the CWR induction potential of the five THMs and their associated combinations, providing a possibility of their in vivo application against fungal-associated infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Liu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Kelong Ma
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Guiming Yan
- Laboratory of Infection and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Key Laboratory of Xin'An Medicine, Ministry of Education, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
| | - Dengke Yin
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory for Chinese Herbal Compound, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
- Institute of Pharmaceutics, Anhui Academy of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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14
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Alves R, Kastora SL, Gomes-Gonçalves A, Azevedo N, Rodrigues CF, Silva S, Demuyser L, Van Dijck P, Casal M, Brown AJP, Henriques M, Paiva S. Transcriptional responses of Candida glabrata biofilm cells to fluconazole are modulated by the carbon source. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2020; 6:4. [PMID: 31993211 PMCID: PMC6978337 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-020-0114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida glabrata is an important human fungal pathogen known to trigger serious infections in immune-compromised individuals. Its ability to form biofilms, which exhibit high tolerance to antifungal treatments, has been considered as an important virulence factor. However, the mechanisms involving antifungal resistance in biofilms and the impact of host niche environments on these processes are still poorly defined. In this study, we performed a whole-transcriptome analysis of C. glabrata biofilm cells exposed to different environmental conditions and constraints in order to identify the molecular pathways involved in fluconazole resistance and understand how acidic pH niches, associated with the presence of acetic acid, are able to modulate these responses. We show that fluconazole treatment induces gene expression reprogramming in a carbon source and pH-dependent manner. This is particularly relevant for a set of genes involved in DNA replication, ergosterol, and ubiquinone biosynthesis. We also provide additional evidence that the loss of mitochondrial function is associated with fluconazole resistance, independently of the growth condition. Lastly, we propose that C. glabrata Mge1, a cochaperone involved in iron metabolism and protein import into the mitochondria, is a key regulator of fluconazole susceptibility during carbon and pH adaptation by reducing the metabolic flux towards toxic sterol formation. These new findings suggest that different host microenvironments influence directly the physiology of C. glabrata, with implications on how this pathogen responds to antifungal treatment. Our analyses identify several pathways that can be targeted and will potentially prove to be useful for developing new antifungals to treat biofilm-based infections.
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Grants
- MR/M026663/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/N006364/1 Medical Research Council
- MR/N006364/2 Medical Research Council
- This study was supported by the Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology FCT (grant PTDC/BIAMIC/5184/2014). RA received FCT PhD fellowship (PD/BD/113813/2015). The authors gratefully acknowledge Edinburgh Genomics for RNA-Seq library preparation and sequencing. The work on CBMA was supported by the strategic program UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569). The work on CEB was supported by PEst-OE/EQB/LA0023/2013, from FCT, “BioHealth - Biotechnology and Bioengineering approaches to improve health quality", Ref. NORTE-07-0124-FEDER-000027, co-funded by the Programa Operacional Regional do Norte (ON.2 – O Novo Norte), QREN, FEDER and the project “Consolidating Research Expertize and Resources on Cellular and Molecular Biotechnology at CEB/IBB”, Ref. FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER-027462. The work in Aberdeen was also supported by the European Research Council through the advanced grant “STRIFE” (C-2009-AdG-249793), by the UK Medical Research Council (MR/M026663/1) and by the Medical Research Council Center for Medical Mycology and the University of Aberdeen (MR/N006364/1). The work at KU Leuven was supported by the Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS) through a short-term fellowship awarded to RA and by the Fund for Scientific Research Flanders (FWO; WO.009.16N).
- Federation of European Biochemical Societies (FEBS)
- Strategic program UID/BIA/04050/2013 (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007569)
- European Research Council through the advanced grant “STRIFE” (C-2009-AdG-249793), UK Medical Research Council (MR/M026663/1) and Medical Research Council Center for Medical Mycology and the University of Aberdeen (MR/N006364/1
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Alves
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Stavroula L. Kastora
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Alexandra Gomes-Gonçalves
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Nuno Azevedo
- LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Center for Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Center for Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
- LEPABE, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Center for Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Liesbeth Demuyser
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Patrick Van Dijck
- VIB-KU Leuven Center for Microbiology, Flanders, Belgium
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Botany and Microbiology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Margarida Casal
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Alistair J. P. Brown
- Aberdeen Fungal Group, University of Aberdeen, Institute of Medical Sciences, Foresterhill, Aberdeen, UK
- MRC Center for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Stocker Road, Exeter, UK
| | - Mariana Henriques
- LIBRO - Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, Center for Biological Engineering, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
| | - Sandra Paiva
- Center of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Minho, Braga, Portugal
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Guirao-Abad JP, Pujante V, Sánchez-Fresneda R, Yagüe G, Argüelles JC. Sensitivity of the Candida albicans trehalose-deficient mutants tps1Δ and tps2Δ to amphotericin B and micafungin. J Med Microbiol 2019; 68:1479-1488. [DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vanessa Pujante
- Área de Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Murcia, E-30100, Spain
| | | | - Genoveva Yagüe
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, IMIB, Murcia, Spain
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16
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Jovanovic M, Radivojevic J, O'Connor K, Blagojevic S, Begovic B, Lukic V, Nikodinovic-Runic J, Savic V. Rhamnolipid inspired lipopeptides effective in preventing adhesion and biofilm formation of Candida albicans. Bioorg Chem 2019; 87:209-217. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Abstract
Background: Adhesion, biofilm formation, yeast-hyphal transition, secretion of enzymes, and hemolytic activity are all considered important factors in Candida tropicalis infection. However, DNA sequence data for this pathogen are limited. In this study, the polymorphism and heterogeneity of genes agglutinin-like sequences (ALS)2, Lipase (LIP)1, LIP4, and secretory aspartyl proteinase tropicalis (SAPT)1-4 as well as the relationship between phenotype and genotype were analyzed. Methods: This study started in August 2013, and ended in July 2017. The complete length of ALS2, LIP1, LIP4, and SAPT1-4 of 68 clinical C. tropicalis isolates was sequenced. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) as well as insertions and deletions (indels) were identified within these genes. In addition, phenotypic characteristics of the virulent factors, including adhesion and the secretion of aspartyl proteinases and phospholipases, were determined. Results: There were 73, 24, 17, 16, 13, and 180 SNPs in the genes LIP1, LIP4, SAPT1, SAPT2, SAPT3, and SAPT4, respectively. Furthermore, 209 SNPs were identified in total for the gene ALS2. Interestingly, large fragment deletions and insertions were also found in ALS2. Isolate FXCT 01 obtained from blood had deletions on all 4 sites and showed the lowest adhesion ability on the polymethylpentene surface. In addition, isolates with deletions in the regions 1697 to 1925 and 2073 to 2272 bp displayed relatively low abilities for adhesion and biofilm formation, and this phenotype correlated with the deletions found in ALS2. LIP1, SAPT4, and ALS2 displayed great heterogeneity among the isolates. Large deletions found in gene ALS2 appeared to be associated with the low ability of adhesion and biofilm formation of C. tropicalis. Conclusion: This study might be useful for deeper explorations of gene function and studying the virulent mechanisms of C. tropicalis.
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18
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Farkash Y, Feldman M, Ginsburg I, Steinberg D, Shalish M. Polyphenols Inhibit Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans Biofilm Formation. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7020042. [PMID: 30978919 PMCID: PMC6630196 DOI: 10.3390/dj7020042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background:Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and Candida albicans (C. albicans) are two major contributors to dental caries. They have a symbiotic relationship, allowing them to create an enhanced biofilm. Our goal was to examine whether two natural polyphenols (Padma hepaten (PH) and a polyphenol extraction from green tea (PPFGT)) could inhibit the caries-inducing properties of S. mutans and C. albicans. Methods: Co-species biofilms of S. mutans and C. albicans were grown in the presence of PH and PPFGT. Biofilm formation was tested spectrophotometrically. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secretion was quantified using confocal scanning laser microscopy. Biofilm development was also tested on orthodontic surfaces (Essix) to assess biofilm inhibition ability on such an orthodontic appliance. Results: PPFGT and PH dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation without affecting the planktonic growth. We found a significant reduction in biofilm total biomass using 0.625 mg/mL PPFGT and 0.16 mg/mL PH. A concentration of 0.31 mg/mL PPFGT and 0.16 mg/mL PH inhibited the total cell growth by 54% and EPS secretion by 81%. A reduction in biofilm formation and EPS secretion was also observed on orthodontic PVC surfaces. Conclusions:
The polyphenolic extractions PPFGT and PH have an inhibitory effect on S. mutans and C. albicans biofilm formation and EPS secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yosi Farkash
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Mark Feldman
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Isaac Ginsburg
- Microbiology Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Doron Steinberg
- Biofilm Research Laboratory, Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Hebrew University-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
| | - Miriam Shalish
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, Hebrew University-Hadassah, P.O. Box 12272, Jerusalem 91120, Israel.
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19
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Da W, Shao J, Li Q, Shi G, Wang T, Wu D, Wang C. Extraction of Extracellular Matrix in Static and Dynamic Candida Biofilms Using Cation Exchange Resin and Untargeted Analysis of Matrix Metabolites by Ultra-High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS). Front Microbiol 2019; 10:752. [PMID: 31110494 PMCID: PMC6499207 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections caused by Candida albicans poses a great threat to human health. The ability of biofilm formation is believed to be associated with resistance-related Candida infections. Currently, knowledge on extracellular matrix (EM) of C. albicans biofilm is limited. In this study, we introduced ion exchange resin, i.e., cation exchange resin (CER) and anion exchange resin (AER), in EM extraction of C. albicans biofilm as well as several non-albicans Candida (NAC) biofilms under static and dynamic states in combination with vortexing and ultrasonication (VU). The metabolites extracted from the dynamic C. albicans biofilm matrix using the CER-VU and VU were identified with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF-MS) via untargeted filtration. Compared with other physical and chemical extraction methods, CER-VU was demonstrated to be an ideal approach with high-yield acquisitions of EM constituents including proteins, triglycerides and carbohydrates and low-level damages on fungal cell viability and integrity. The untargeted MS analysis further showed the high efficacy of CER-VU, as a large quantity of metabolites (217 versus 198) was matched comprising a great number of lipids, carbohydrates, amino acids, nucleic acids and their derivatives together with a high involvement of signaling pathways compared with the VU alone. However, combining the results from both the CER-VU and VU methods could generate more metabolites. In summary, the EM analysis of the dynamic C. albicans biofilm expands our understanding upon a comprehensive depiction of matrix components and provides another effective approach for EM extraction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyue Da
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Jing Shao
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Gaoxiang Shi
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Tianming Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Daqiang Wu
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
| | - Changzhong Wang
- Laboratory of Pathogenic Biology and Immunology, College of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine (College of Life Science), Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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20
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Barbosa AH, Damasceno JL, Casemiro LA, Martins CHG, Pires RH, Candido RC. Susceptibility to Oral Antiseptics and Virulence Factors Ex Vivo Associated with Candida spp. Isolated from Dental Prostheses. J Prosthodont 2019; 28:398-408. [PMID: 30768738 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To isolate Candida spp. from dental prosthesis users' saliva and to evaluate the isolates for the presence of several virulence factors. This research also aimed to investigate the antifungal activity of 3 commercial mouthwashes/oral antiseptic formulations containing 0.12% chlorhexidine, 0.07% cetylpyridinium, or 0.075% cetylpyridinium against planktonic and sessile (biofilm mode) yeast cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty-three Candida yeasts were isolated from 32 of 70 selected patients, and the virulence factors of C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis species were investigated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and proteinase in plates. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and in vitro biofilm assay evaluated the antifungal activity of antiseptics. RESULTS C. albicans, C. krusei, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, and C. parapsilosis were detected in mono and mixed cultures. Only C. albicans displayed genes related to adhesion and proteinases (ALS2, ALS3, SAP1, and SAP3). The aspartate proteinase activity was found in 60.46% of isolates. The tested antiseptic formulations exhibited a MIC less than 1.25% toward yeasts in the planktonic mode. According to XTT ((2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide) assay results, most Candida isolates and all mixed cultures formed biofilms within 24 hours. The evaluated antiseptic formulations were also active against biofilms. CONCLUSION Most virulence factors investigated here (ALS2, ALS3, SAP1, and SAP3) occurred in the majority of the Candida spp. isolates, especially in C. albicans. The tested mouthwash formulations were effective against all the yeast isolates in both the planktonic and sessile growth modes. Developing alternative therapies that can avoid or control biofilm formation is necessary to prevent oral candidiasis and other Candida spp. infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Regina Helena Pires
- Laboratory of Research in Applied Microbiology (LAPEMA), University of Franca, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Regina Célia Candido
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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21
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Phenotypic and genotypic evaluation of adherence and biofilm development in Candida albicans respiratory tract isolates from hospitalized patients. REV ROMANA MED LAB 2019. [DOI: 10.2478/rrlm-2019-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In recent years, a significant number of epidemiological variations have been observed for fungal infections. In immunocompromised patients, Candida albicans is crucially involved in invasive infections, mostly originating in respiratory tract colonization. The global rise in candidiasis has led researchers to investigate possible correlations between fungal strains virulence profiles and their pathogenic potential, among the most investigated genes being those involved in adherence and biofilm development. In this study, we established the adherence gene profiles of C. albicans strains isolated from respiratory tract secretions in patients hospitalized for cardiovascular diseases and correlated them with the ability of the respective strains to colonize the epithelial cells and form biofilms on the inert substratum. The strains isolated from the lower respiratory tract exhibited the highest adherence capacity and were intensive biofilm producers. The SAP9, ALS3, ALS5, and ALS6 genes were the most frequently detected. There was a significant association between the presence of ALS 3 gene and the cellular substrate colonizing potential of the harboring strains. We also found that the strains expressing SAP9 were more virulent in the phenotypic assays. Detecting the presence of adherence genes from different clinical isolates is a cost-effective tool that would allow researchers to predict the virulence of a certain strain and estimate its potential to adhere to host cells and develop biofilms.
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22
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Vlainić J, Kosalec I, Pavić K, Hadjipavlou-Litina D, Pontiki E, Zorc B. Insights into biological activity of ureidoamides with primaquine and amino acid moieties. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:376-382. [PMID: 29363364 PMCID: PMC6021035 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2017.1423067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Primaquine (PQ) ureidoamides 5a-f were screened for antimicrobial, biofilm eradication and antioxidative activities. Susceptibility of the tested microbial species towards tested compounds showed species- and compound-dependent activity. N-(diphenylmethyl)-2-[({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)amino]-4-methylpentanamide (5a) and 2-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(diphenylmethyl)-2-[({4-[(6-methoxyquinolin-8-yl)amino]pentyl}carbamoyl)amino]acetamide (5d) showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus strains (MIC = 6.5 µg/ml). Further, compounds 5c and 5d had weak antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. None of the tested compounds showed a wide spectrum of antifungal activity. In contrast, most of the compounds exerted strong activity in a biofilm eradication assay against E. coli, P. aeruginosa and Candida albicans, comparable to or even higher than gentamycin, amphotericin B or parent PQ. The most active compounds were 5a and 5b. Tested compounds were inactive against biofilm formation by C. parapsylosis, Enterococcus faecalis, C. tropicalis and C. krusei. Compounds 5b-f significantly inhibited lipid peroxidation (80-99%), whereas compound 5c presented interesting LOX inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josipa Vlainić
- Laboratory for Advanced Genomics, Division of Molecular Medicine, Rudjer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Kosalec
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Microbiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Kristina Pavić
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Dimitra Hadjipavlou-Litina
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Pontiki
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Branka Zorc
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Stringaro A, Colone M, Angiolella L. Antioxidant, Antifungal, Antibiofilm, and Cytotoxic Activities of Mentha spp. Essential Oils. MEDICINES 2018; 5:medicines5040112. [PMID: 30347861 PMCID: PMC6313564 DOI: 10.3390/medicines5040112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Since ancient times, plants have been used to preserve food, or for their health properties. Essential oils are complex mixtures of volatile compounds that are obtained from botanical material, specifically from aromatic plants. Lamiaceae is one of the most important families in the production of essential oils, as it has both antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. The essential oils of Mentha (the Lamiaceae family) have been extensively studied for their biological actions. In this review, we report the antioxidant, antifungal, antibiofilm, and cytotoxic properties of Mentha spp. essential oils. The first objective is to provide comprehensive information about the use of essential oils in the treatment of fungal infections, or as antioxidants and integrative anticancer therapy. The second is to explore the evidence supporting its effectiveness in treating diseases without causing any serious adverse reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Stringaro
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Marisa Colone
- National Center for Drug Research and Evaluation, Italian National Institute of Health, Viale Regina Elena, 299, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Letizia Angiolella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Green Tea Polyphenols and Padma Hepaten Inhibit Candida albicans Biofilm Formation. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:1690747. [PMID: 30363861 PMCID: PMC6186370 DOI: 10.1155/2018/1690747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 09/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans (C. albicans) is the most prevalent opportunistic human pathogenic fungus and can cause mucosal membrane infections and invade the blood. In the oral cavity, it can ferment dietary sugars, produce organic acids and therefore has a role in caries development. In this study, we examined whether the polyphenol rich extractions Polyphenon from green tea (PPFGT) and Padma Hepaten (PH) can inhibit the caries-inducing properties of C. albicans. Biofilms of C. albicans were grown in the presence of PPFGT and PH. Formation of biofilms was tested spectrophotometrically after crystal violet staining. Exopolysaccharides (EPS) secretion was quantified using confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM). Treated C. albicans morphology was demonstrated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Expression of virulence-related genes was tested using qRT-PCR. Development of biofilm was also tested on an orthodontic surface (Essix) to assess biofilm inhibition ability on such appliances. Both PPFGT and PH dose-dependently inhibited biofilm formation, with no inhibition on planktonic growth. The strongest inhibition was obtained using the combination of the substances. Crystal violet staining showed a significant reduction of 45% in biofilm formation using a concentration of 2.5mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16mg/ml PH. A concentration of 1.25 mg/ml PPFGT and 0.16 mg/ml PH inhibited candidal growth by 88% and EPS secretion by 74% according to CSLM. A reduction in biofilm formation and in the transition from yeast to hyphal morphotype was observed using SEM. A strong reduction was found in the expression of hwp1, eap1, and als3 virulence associated genes. These results demonstrate the inhibitory effect of natural PPFGT polyphenolic extraction on C. albicans biofilm formation and EPS secretion, alone and together with PH. In an era of increased drug resistance, the use of phytomedicine to constrain biofilm development, without killing host cells, may pave the way to a novel therapeutic concept, especially in children as orthodontic patients.
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Angiolella L, Leone C, Rojas F, Mussin J, de Los Angeles Sosa M, Giusiano G. Biofilm, adherence, and hydrophobicity as virulence factors in Malassezia furfur. Med Mycol 2018; 56:110-116. [PMID: 28340187 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Malassezia species are natural inhabitants of the healthy skin. However, under certain conditions, they may cause or exacerbate several skin diseases. The ability of this fungus to colonize or infect is determined by complex interactions between the fungal cell and its virulence factors. This study aims to evaluate "in vitro" the hydrophobicity levels, the adherence on a plastic surface and the biofilm formation of 16 clinical isolates of Malassezia furfur. Cellular surface hydrophobicity (CSH) levels were determined by two-phase system. The biofilm formation was determined by tetrazolium salt (XTT) reduction assay and by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Results showed many isolates were hydrophobic, adherent, and producers of biofilm on abiotic surfaces with different capacity. SEM observations confirmed an abundant extracellular matrix after 48 h of biofilm formation. About 63% of strains with high production of biofilm showed medium to high percentage of hydrophobicity and/or adherence. In addition, it has been demonstrated a correlation between hydrophobicity, adherence, and biofilm formation in about 60% of strains examined. These important virulence factors could be responsible of this yeast changing from a commensal to a pathogenic status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letizia Angiolella
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Claudia Leone
- Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases. University of Rome "Sapienza", Italy. Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00100 Roma, Italy
| | - Florencia Rojas
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Javier Mussin
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - María de Los Angeles Sosa
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Resistencia, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Giusiano
- Departamento de Micología, Instituto de Medicina Regional, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, CONICET, Resistencia, Argentina
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Wakharde AA, Halbandge SD, Phule DB, Karuppayil SM. Anticancer Drugs as Antibiofilm Agents in Candida albicans: Potential Targets. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2018; 16:232-246. [DOI: 10.1089/adt.2017.826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Archana Anandrao Wakharde
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shivkrupa Devrao Halbandge
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Datta Baburao Phule
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sankunny Mohan Karuppayil
- School of Life Sciences (DST-FIST and UGC-SAP Sponsored) SRTM University (NAAC Accredited with “A” grade), Nanded, Maharashtra, India
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Wang TM, Xie XH, Li K, Deng YH, Chen H. Alternative Oxidase Promotes Biofilm Formation of Candida albicans. Curr Med Sci 2018; 38:443-448. [PMID: 30074210 DOI: 10.1007/s11596-018-1898-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to analyze the effect of the mitochondrial respiratory pathways of Candida albicans (C. albicans) on the biofilm formation. The 2, 3-bis (2-methoxy- 4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide (XTT) reduction assay was used to measure the metabolic activities of biofilms formed by the C. albicans which were cultured in the presence of respiratory pathways inhibitors. The biofilms formed by the wide type (WT), GOA7-deleted (GOA31), GOAV-reconstituted (GOA32), AOXla-deleted (AOX1) and AOXlb-deleted (AOX2) C. albicans strains were examined by the XTT reduction assay and fluorescence microscopy. The expression of adhesion-related genes BCR1, ALS1, ALS3, ECE1 and HWP1 in the biofilms formed by the above five C. albicans strains was detected by real time polymerase chain reaction. It was found that the metabolic activity of biofilms formed by C. albicans was decreased in the presence of alternative oxidase inhibitor whereas it was increased in the presence of classical mitochondrial respiratory pathway complex HI or complex IV inhibitor. AOX1 strain produced scarce biofilms interspersed with few hyphal filaments. Moreover, no significant changes in the expression of BCR1 and ALS3 were observed in the AOX1 strain, but the expression of ALSI and ECE1 was down-regulated, and that of HWP1 was up-regulated. These results indicate that both AOX1 and AOX2 can promote the biofilm formation. However, AOXla primarily plays a regulatory role in biofilm formation in the absence of inducers where the promoting effect is mainly achieved by promoting mycelial formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Mei Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiao-Hui Xie
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ke Li
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yun-Hua Deng
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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Li WS, Chen YC, Kuo SF, Chen FJ, Lee CH. The Impact of Biofilm Formation on the Persistence of Candidemia. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1196. [PMID: 29915571 PMCID: PMC5994545 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the predictors of persistent candidemia and examine the impact of biofilm formation by Candida isolates in adult patients with candidemia. Of the adult patients with candidemia in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital between January 2007 and December 2012, 68 case patients with persistent candidemia (repeated candidemia after a 3-day systemic antifungal therapy) and 68 control patients with non-persistent candidemia (Candida clearance from the bloodstream after a 3-day systemic antifungal therapy) were included based on propensity score matching and matching for the Candida species isolated. Biofilm formation by the Candida species was assessed in vitro using standard biomass assays. Presence of central venous catheters (CVCs) at diagnosis (adjusted odd ratio [AOR], 3.77; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.09–13.00, p = 0.04), infection with higher biofilm forming strains of Candida species (AOR, 8.03; 95% CI, 2.50–25.81; p < 0.01), and receipt of suboptimal fluconazole doses as initial therapy (AOR, 5.54; 95% CI, 1.53–20.10; p < 0.01) were independently associated with persistent candidemia. Biofilm formation by Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. glabrata strains was significantly higher in the case patients than in the controls. There were no significant differences in the overall mortality and duration of hospitalization between the two groups. Our data suggest that, other than presence of retained CVCs and use of suboptimal doses of fluconazole, biofilm formation was highly associated with development of persistent candidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sin Li
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fang Kuo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Fang-Ju Chen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Hsiang Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Alves R, Mota S, Silva S, F Rodrigues C, P Brown AJ, Henriques M, Casal M, Paiva S. The carboxylic acid transporters Jen1 and Jen2 affect the architecture and fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans biofilm in the presence of lactate. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:943-954. [PMID: 29094611 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1392514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Candida albicans has the ability to adapt to different host niches, often glucose-limited but rich in alternative carbon sources. In these glucose-poor microenvironments, this pathogen expresses JEN1 and JEN2 genes, encoding carboxylate transporters, which are important in the early stages of infection. This work investigated how host microenvironments, in particular acidic containing lactic acid, affect C. albicans biofilm formation and antifungal drug resistance. Multiple components of the extracellular matrix were also analysed, including their impact on antifungal drug resistance, and the involvement of both Jen1 and Jen2 in this process. The results show that growth on lactate affects biofilm formation, morphology and susceptibility to fluconazole and that both Jen1 and Jen2 might play a role in these processes. These results support the view that the adaptation of Candida cells to the carbon source present in the host niches affects their pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosana Alves
- a Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Sandra Mota
- a Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
- b Centre of Health and Environmental Research, School of Allied Health Sciences , Polytechnic Institute of Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Sónia Silva
- c Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Célia F Rodrigues
- c Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Alistair J P Brown
- d MRC Centre for Medical Mycology , Aberdeen Fungal Group, Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen , Aberdeen , UK
| | - Mariana Henriques
- c Centre of Biological Engineering , LIBRO-Laboratório de Investigação em Biofilmes Rosário Oliveira, University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Margarida Casal
- a Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
| | - Sandra Paiva
- a Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology, Department of Biology , University of Minho , Braga , Portugal
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30
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Mendoza-Juache A, Aranda-Romo S, Bermeo-Escalona JR, Gómez-Hernández A, Pozos-Guillén A, Sánchez-Vargas LO. The essential oil of Allium sativum as an alternative agent against Candida isolated from dental prostheses. Rev Iberoam Micol 2017; 34:158-164. [PMID: 28578870 DOI: 10.1016/j.riam.2016.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2016] [Revised: 10/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The colonization of the surfaces of dental prostheses by Candida albicans is associated with the development of denture stomatitis. In this context, the use of fluconazole has been proposed, but its disadvantage is microbial resistance. Meanwhile, the oil of Allium sativum has shown an effect in controlling biofilm formation by C. albicans. AIMS The objective of this study was to determine the antifungal activities of the essential oil of A. sativum and fluconazole against clinical isolates of Candida species obtained from rigid, acrylic-based partial or total dentures and to compare these agents' effects on both biofilm and planktonic cells. METHODS A total of 48 clinical isolates obtained from the acrylic surface of partial or complete dentures were examined, and the following species were identified: C. albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida tropicalis, and Candida krusei. For each isolate, the antifungal activities of the essential oil of A. sativum and fluconazole against both biofilm and planktonic cells were evaluated using the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) M27-A3 method. The isolates were also evaluated by semiquantitative XTT reduction. RESULTS All planktonic Candida isolates were susceptible to the essential oil of A. sativum, whereas 4.2% were resistant to fluconazole. Regarding susceptibilities in biofilms, 43.8% of biofilms were resistant to A. sativum oil, and 91.7% were resistant to fluconazole. CONCLUSIONS All planktonic cells of the different Candida species tested are susceptible to <1mg/ml A. sativum oil, and the majority are susceptible to fluconazole. Susceptibility decreases in biofilm cells, with increased resistance to fluconazole compared with A. sativum oil. The essential oil of A. sativum is thus active against clinical isolates of Candida species obtained from dentures, with effects on both biofilm and planktonic cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saray Aranda-Romo
- Facultad de Estomatología Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Mexico
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31
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Núñez-Beltrán A, López-Romero E, Cuéllar-Cruz M. Identification of proteins involved in the adhesionof Candida species to different medical devices. Microb Pathog 2017; 107:293-303. [PMID: 28396240 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion is the first step for Candida species to form biofilms on medical devices implanted in the human host. Both the physicochemical nature of the biomaterial and cell wall proteins (CWP) of the pathogen play a determinant role in the process. While it is true that some CWP have been identified in vitro, little is known about the CWP of pathogenic species of Candida involved in adhesion. On this background, we considered it important to investigate the potential role of CWP of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. krusei and C. parapsilosis in adhesion to different medical devices. Our results indicate that the four species strongly adher to polyvinyl chloride (PVC) devices, followed by polyurethane and finally by silicone. It was interesting to identify fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1) and enolase 1 (Eno1) as the CWP involved in adhesion of C. albicans, C. glabrata and C. krusei to PVC devices whereas phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk) and Eno1 allow C. parapsilosis to adher to silicone-made implants. Results presented here suggest that these CWP participate in the initial event of adhesion and are probably followed by other proteins that covalently bind to the biomaterial thus providing conditions for biofilm formation and eventually the onset of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Núñez-Beltrán
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Sabatini S, Piccioni M, Felicetti T, De Marco S, Manfroni G, Pagiotti R, Nocchetti M, Cecchetti V, Pietrella D. Investigation on the effect of known potent S. aureus NorA efflux pump inhibitors on the staphylococcal biofilm formation. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra03859c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of multidrug resistant microorganisms has triggered the impending need of developing effective antibacterial strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sabatini
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chemistry and Technology of the Drug Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Miranda Piccioni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Biochemical Sciences and Health Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Tommaso Felicetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chemistry and Technology of the Drug Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Stefania De Marco
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Biochemical Sciences and Health Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Giuseppe Manfroni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chemistry and Technology of the Drug Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Rita Pagiotti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Biochemical Sciences and Health Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Morena Nocchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chemistry and Technology of the Drug Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Violetta Cecchetti
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Chemistry and Technology of the Drug Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
| | - Donatella Pietrella
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences
- Biochemical Sciences and Health Section
- University of Perugia
- Perugia
- Italy
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Ciuca S, Badea M, Pozna E, Pana I, Kiss A, Floroian L, Semenescu A, Cotrut C, Moga M, Vladescu A. Evaluation of Ag containing hydroxyapatite coatings to the Candida albicans infection. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 125:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2016] [Revised: 03/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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34
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Evaluation of Fermentation Products of Palm Wine Yeasts and Role of Sacoglottis gabonensis Supplement on Products Abundance. BEVERAGES 2016. [DOI: 10.3390/beverages2020009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Candida/Candida biofilms. First description of dual-species Candida albicans/C. rugosa biofilm. Fungal Biol 2016; 120:530-537. [PMID: 27020154 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2016.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Revised: 01/19/2016] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Denture liners have physical properties that favour plaque accumulation and colonization by Candida species, irritating oral tissues and causing denture stomatitis. To isolate and determine the incidence of oral Candida species in dental prostheses, oral swabs were collected from the dental prostheses of 66 patients. All the strains were screened for their ability to form biofilms; both monospecies and dual-species combinations were tested. Candida albicans (63 %) was the most frequently isolated microorganism; Candida tropicalis (14 %), Candida glabrata (13 %), Candida rugosa (5 %), Candida parapsilosis (3 %), and Candida krusei (2 %) were also detected. The XTT assay showed that C. albicans SC5314 possessed a biofilm-forming ability significantly higher (p < 0.001) than non-albicans Candida strains, after 6 h 37 °C. The total C. albicans CFU from a dual-species biofilm was less than the total CFU of a monospecies C. albicans biofilm. In contrast to the profuse hyphae verified in monospecies C. albicans biofilms, micrographies showed that the C. albicans/non-albicans Candida biofilms consisted of sparse yeast forms and profuse budding yeast cells that generated a network. These results suggested that C. albicans and the tested Candida species could co-exist in biofilms displaying apparent antagonism. The study provide the first description of C. albicans/C. rugosa mixed biofilm.
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Raman N, Marchillo K, Lee MR, Rodríguez López ADL, Andes DR, Palecek SP, Lynn DM. Intraluminal Release of an Antifungal β-Peptide Enhances the Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Multilayer-Coated Catheters in a Rat Model of Venous Catheter Infection. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2015; 2:112-121. [PMID: 26807439 PMCID: PMC4711346 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.5b00427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of hospital-acquired fungal infections and forms biofilms on indwelling medical devices that are notoriously difficult to treat or remove. We recently demonstrated that the colonization of C. albicans on the surfaces of catheter tube segments can be reduced in vitro by coating them with polyelectrolyte multilayers (PEMs) that release a potent antifungal β-peptide. Here, we report on the impact of polymer structure and film composition on both the inherent and β-peptide-mediated ability of PEM-coated catheters to prevent or reduce the formation of C. albicans biofilms in vitro and in vivo using a rat model of central venous catheter infection. Coatings fabricated using polysaccharide-based components [hyaluronic acid (HA) and chitosan (CH)] and coatings fabricated using polypeptide-based components [poly-l-lysine (PLL) and poly-l-glutamic acid (PGA)] both served as reservoirs for the loading and sustained release of β-peptide, but differed substantially in loading and release profiles and in their inherent antifungal properties (e.g., the ability to prevent colonization and biofilm growth in the absence of β-peptide). In particular, CH/HA films exhibited inherent antifungal and antibiofilm behaviors in vitro and in vivo, a result we attribute to the incorporation of CH, a weak polycation demonstrated to exhibit antimicrobial properties in other contexts. The antifungal properties of both types of films were improved substantially when β-peptide was incorporated. Catheter segments coated with β-peptide-loaded CH/HA and PLL/PGA films were both strongly antifungal against planktonic C. albicans and the formation of surface-associated biofilms in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrate that PEM coatings provide a useful platform for the design of new antifungal materials, and suggest opportunities to design multifunctional or dual-action platforms to prevent or reduce the severity of fungal infections in applied biomedical contexts or other areas in which fungal biofilms are endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Materials Science Program, 1509 University Avenue, and Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Karen Marchillo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Materials Science Program, 1509 University Avenue, and Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Myung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Materials Science Program, 1509 University Avenue, and Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Angélica de L Rodríguez López
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Materials Science Program, 1509 University Avenue, and Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David R Andes
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Materials Science Program, 1509 University Avenue, and Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Materials Science Program, 1509 University Avenue, and Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, 1415 Engineering Drive, Department of Medicine, 600 Highland Avenue, Materials Science Program, 1509 University Avenue, and Department of Chemistry, 1101 University Avenue, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
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Serrano-Fujarte I, López-Romero E, Cuéllar-Cruz M. Moonlight-like proteins of the cell wall protect sessile cells of Candida from oxidative stress. Microb Pathog 2015; 90:22-33. [PMID: 26550764 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Biofilms of Candida species are associated with high morbidity and hospital mortality. Candida forms biofilms by adhering to human host epithelium through cell wall proteins (CWP) and simultaneously neutralizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced during the respiratory burst by phagocytic cells. The purpose of this paper is to identify the CWP of Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida krusei and Candida parapsilosis expressed after exposure to different concentrations of H2O2 using a proteomic approach. CWP obtained from sessile cells, both treated and untreated with the oxidizing agent, were resolved by one and two-dimensional (2D-PAGE) gels and identified by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Some of these proteins were identified and found to correspond to moonlighting CWP such as: (i) glycolytic enzymes, (ii) heat shock, (iii) OSR proteins, (iv) general metabolic enzymes and (v) highly conserved proteins, which are up- or down-regulated in the presence or absence of ROS. We also found that the expression of these CWP is different for each Candida species. Moreover, RT-PCR assays allowed us to demonstrate that transcription of the gene coding for Eno1, one of the moonlight-like CWP identified in response to the oxidant agent, is differentially regulated. To our knowledge this is the first demonstration that, in response to oxidative stress, each species of Candida, differentially regulates the expression of moonlighting CWP, which may protect the organism from the ROS generated during phagocytosis. Presumptively, these proteins allow the pathogen to adhere and form a biofilm, and eventually cause invasive candidiasis in the human host. We propose that, in addition to the antioxidant mechanisms present in Candida, the moonlighting CWP also confer protection to these pathogens from oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela Serrano-Fujarte
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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Ziccardi M, Souza LOP, Gandra RM, Galdino ACM, Baptista ARS, Nunes APF, Ribeiro MA, Branquinha MH, Santos ALS. Candida parapsilosis (sensu lato) isolated from hospitals located in the Southeast of Brazil: Species distribution, antifungal susceptibility and virulence attributes. Int J Med Microbiol 2015; 305:848-59. [PMID: 26319940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmm.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida parapsilosis (sensu lato), which represents a fungal complex composed of three genetically related species - Candida parapsilosis sensu stricto, Candida orthopsilosis and Candida metapsilosis, has emerged as an important yeast causing fungemia worldwide. The goal of the present work was to assess the prevalence, antifungal susceptibility and production of virulence traits in 53 clinical isolates previously identified as C. parapsilosis (sensu lato) obtained from hospitals located in the Southeast of Brazil. Species forming this fungal complex are physiologically/morphologically indistinguishable; however, polymerase chain reaction followed by restriction fragment length polymorphism of FKS1 gene has solved the identification inaccuracy, revealing that 43 (81.1%) isolates were identified as C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and 10 (18.9%) as C. orthopsilosis. No C. metapsilosis was found. The geographic distribution of these Candida species was uniform among the studied Brazilian States (São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Espírito Santo). All C. orthopsilosis and almost all C. parapsilosis sensu stricto (95.3%) isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and caspofungin. Nevertheless, one C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolate was resistant to fluconazole and another one was resistant to caspofungin. C. parapsilosis sensu stricto isolates exhibited higher MIC mean values to amphotericin B, fluconazole and caspofungin than those of C. orthopsilosis, while C. orthopsilosis isolates displayed higher MIC mean to itraconazole compared to C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Identical MIC mean values to voriconazole were measured for these Candida species. All the isolates of both species were able to form biofilm on polystyrene surface. Impressively, biofilm-growing cells of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis exhibited a considerable resistance to all antifungal agents tested. Pseudohyphae were observed in 67.4% and 80% of C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis isolates, respectively. The secretion of phytase (93% versus 100%), aspartic protease (88.4% versus 90%), esterase (20.9% versus 50%) and hemolytic factors (25.6% versus 40%) was detected in C. parapsilosis sensu stricto and C. orthopsilosis isolates, respectively; however, no phospholipase activity was identified. An interesting fact was observed concerning the caseinolytic activity, for which all the producers (53.5%) belonged to C. parapsilosis sensu stricto. Collectively, our results add new data on the epidemiology, antifungal susceptibility and production of potential virulence attributes in clinical isolates of C. parapsilosis complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Ziccardi
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Laboratório Interdisciplinar de Pesquisas Médicas, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucieri O P Souza
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Gandra
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Anna Clara M Galdino
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andréa R S Baptista
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula F Nunes
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Mariceli A Ribeiro
- Departamento de Patologia, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Doenças Infecciosas, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Brazil
| | - Marta H Branquinha
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André L S Santos
- Laboratório de Investigação de Peptidases, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Raman N, Lee MR, Lynn DM, Palecek SP. Antifungal Activity of 14-Helical β-Peptides against Planktonic Cells and Biofilms of Candida Species. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2015; 8:483-503. [PMID: 26287212 PMCID: PMC4588179 DOI: 10.3390/ph8030483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the most prevalent cause of fungal infections and treatment is further complicated by the formation of drug resistant biofilms, often on the surfaces of implanted medical devices. In recent years, the incidence of fungal infections by other pathogenic Candida species such as C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis has increased. Amphiphilic, helical β-peptide structural mimetics of natural antimicrobial α-peptides have been shown to exhibit specific planktonic antifungal and anti-biofilm formation activity against C. albicans in vitro. Here, we demonstrate that β-peptides are also active against clinically isolated and drug resistant strains of C. albicans and against other opportunistic Candida spp. Different Candida species were susceptible to β-peptides to varying degrees, with C. tropicalis being the most and C. glabrata being the least susceptible. β-peptide hydrophobicity directly correlated with antifungal activity against all the Candida clinical strains and species tested. While β-peptides were largely ineffective at disrupting existing Candida biofilms, hydrophobic β-peptides were able to prevent the formation of C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis and C. tropicalis biofilms. The broad-spectrum antifungal activity of β-peptides against planktonic cells and in preventing biofilm formation suggests the promise of this class of molecules as therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namrata Raman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Myung-Ryul Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - David M Lynn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
| | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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de Cássia J, de Souza N, Gullo F, Fusco-Almeida A, Mendes-Giannini M. Fungal Biofilms: Formation, Resistance and Pathogenicity. Med Mycol 2015. [DOI: 10.1201/b18707-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Fungal endocarditis (FE) remains an uncommon but life-threatening complication of invasive fungal infections. As data on neonatal FE are scant, we aimed to review all published experience regarding this serious infection. METHODS Neonatal FE cases published in PubMed (1971-2013) as single cases, or case series were identified using the terms "fungal endocarditis, neonates and cardiac vegetation." Data on predefined criteria including demographics, predisposing factors, mycology, sites of cardiac involvement, therapy and outcome were collected and analyzed. RESULTS The dataset comprised 71 neonates with FE. Median birth weight was 940 g [interquartile range (IQR): 609], median gestational age 27 weeks (IQR: 6) and median postnatal age at diagnosis 20 days (IQR: 20). Ninety-two percent of the patients were premature. Right atrium was the most common vegetation site (63%). Seventy-one percent of the cases reported were associated with previous central venous catheters. Candida albicans was the most predominant fungal species (59%). Amphotericin B monotherapy was used in 42.2% and fluconazole in 2.8%. Amphotericin B with flucytosine (25.3%) was the most frequent combined regimen. Surgical treatment was conducted in 28%. Overall mortality was 42.2%. Initiation with combined antifungal treatment was associated with lower mortality than monotherapy (24.2% vs. 51.7%, respectively, P = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS Neonatal FE most frequently occurs in very premature infants and is associated with central venous catheters. C. albicans is the predominant fungus. Although outcome has been dismal, it may be improved with combined antifungal therapy.
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Ramírez-Quijas MD, López-Romero E, Cuéllar-Cruz M. Proteomic analysis of cell wall in four pathogenic species of Candida exposed to oxidative stress. Microb Pathog 2015; 87:1-12. [PMID: 26188289 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2015.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In order for Candida species to adhere and colonize human host cells they must express cell wall proteins (CWP) and adapt to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated by phagocytic cells of the human host during the respiratory burst. However, how these pathogens change the expression of CWP in response to oxidative stress (OSR) is not known. Here, fifteen moonlight-like CWP were identified that expressed differentially in four species of Candida after they were exposed to H2O2 or menadione (O2(-)). These proteins included: (i) glycolytic enzymes, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (Gapdh), fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (Fba1), phosphoglycerate mutase (Gpm1), phosphoglycerate kinase (Pgk), pyruvate kinase (Pk) and enolase (Eno1); (ii) the heat shock proteins Ssb1 and Ssa2; (iii) OSR proteins such as peroxyredoxin (Tsa1), the stress protein Ddr48 (Ddr48) and glutathione reductase (Glr1); (iv) other metabolic enzymes such as ketol-acid reductoisomerase (Ilv5) and pyruvate decarboxylase (Pdc1); and (v) other proteins such as elongation factor 1-beta (Efb1) and the 14-3-3 protein homolog. RT-PCR revealed that transcription of the genes coding for some of the identified CWP are differentially regulated. To our knowledge this is the first report showing that moonlight-like CWP are the first line of defense of Candida against ROS, and that they are differentially regulated in each of these pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayra Denisse Ramírez-Quijas
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Everardo López-Romero
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico
| | - Mayra Cuéllar-Cruz
- Departamento de Biología, División de Ciencias Naturales y Exactas, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Guanajuato, Mexico.
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De Cremer K, Staes I, Delattin N, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K, De Brucker K. Combinatorial drug approaches to tackleCandida albicansbiofilms. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2015; 13:973-84. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.2015.1056162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Winkelströter LK, Dolan SK, Fernanda Dos Reis T, Bom VLP, Alves de Castro P, Hagiwara D, Alowni R, Jones GW, Doyle S, Brown NA, Goldman GH. Systematic Global Analysis of Genes Encoding Protein Phosphatases in Aspergillus fumigatus. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2015; 5:1525-39. [PMID: 25943523 PMCID: PMC4502386 DOI: 10.1534/g3.115.016766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a fungal pathogen that causes several invasive and noninvasive diseases named aspergillosis. This disease is generally regarded as multifactorial, considering that several pathogenicity determinants are present during the establishment of this illness. It is necessary to obtain an increased knowledge of how, and which, A. fumigatus signal transduction pathways are engaged in the regulation of these processes. Protein phosphatases are essential to several signal transduction pathways. We identified 32 phosphatase catalytic subunit-encoding genes in A. fumigatus, of which we were able to construct 24 viable deletion mutants. The role of nine phosphatase mutants in the HOG (high osmolarity glycerol response) pathway was evaluated by measuring phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK (SakA) and expression of osmo-dependent genes. We were also able to identify 11 phosphatases involved in iron assimilation, six that are related to gliotoxin resistance, and three implicated in gliotoxin production. These results present the creation of a fundamental resource for the study of signaling in A. fumigatus and its implications in the regulation of pathogenicity determinants and virulence in this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizziane K Winkelströter
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 13083-970 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Stephen K Dolan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Thaila Fernanda Dos Reis
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 13083-970 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Leite Pedro Bom
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 13083-970 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Alves de Castro
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 13083-970 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Daisuke Hagiwara
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8673, Japan
| | - Raneem Alowni
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Gary W Jones
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sean Doyle
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Neil Andrew Brown
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 13083-970 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Gustavo H Goldman
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, 13083-970 Ribeirão Preto, Brazil National Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bioethanol (CTBE), 13083-970 Campinas, Brazil
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Winkelströter LK, Bom VLP, de Castro PA, Ramalho LNZ, Goldman MHS, Brown NA, Rajendran R, Ramage G, Bovier E, Dos Reis TF, Savoldi M, Hagiwara D, Goldman GH. High osmolarity glycerol response PtcB phosphatase is important for Aspergillus fumigatus virulence. Mol Microbiol 2015; 96:42-54. [PMID: 25597841 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillus fumigatus is a fungal pathogen that is capable of adapting to different host niches and to avoid host defenses. An enhanced understanding of how, and which, A. fumigatus signal transduction pathways are engaged in the regulation of these processes is essential for the development of improved disease control strategies. Protein phosphatases are central to numerous signal transduction pathways. To comprehend the functions of protein phosphatases in A. fumigatus, 32 phosphatase catalytic subunit encoding genes were identified. We have recognized PtcB as one of the phosphatases involved in the high osmolarity glycerol response (HOG) pathway. The ΔptcB mutant has both increased phosphorylation of the p38 MAPK (SakA) and expression of osmo-dependent genes. The ΔptcB strain was more sensitive to cell wall damaging agents, had increased chitin and β-1,3-glucan, and impaired biofilm formation. The ΔptcB strain was avirulent in a murine model of invasive pulmonary aspergillosis. These results stress the importance of the HOG pathway in the regulation of pathogenicity determinants and virulence in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizziane K Winkelströter
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Sidrim JJC, Teixeira CEC, Cordeiro RA, Brilhante RSN, Castelo-Branco DSCM, Bandeira SP, Alencar LP, Oliveira JS, Monteiro AJ, Moreira JLB, Bandeira TJPG, Rocha MFG. β-Lactam antibiotics and vancomycin inhibit the growth of planktonic and biofilm Candida spp.: an additional benefit of antibiotic-lock therapy? Int J Antimicrob Agents 2015; 45:420-3. [PMID: 25631674 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2014.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of cefepime, meropenem, piperacillin/tazobactam (TZP) and vancomycin on strains of Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis in planktonic and biofilm forms. Twenty azole-derivative-resistant strains of C. albicans (n=10) and C. tropicalis (n=10) were tested. The susceptibility of planktonic Candida spp. to the antibacterial agents was investigated by broth microdilution. The XTT reduction assay was performed to evaluate the viability of growing and mature biofilms following exposure to these drugs. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) ranged from 0.5 mg/mL to 2 mg/mL for cefepime, TZP and vancomycin and from 0.5 mg/mL to 1 mg/mL for meropenem and the drugs also caused statistically significant reductions in biofilm cellular activity both in growing and mature biofilm. Since all of the tested drugs are commonly used in patients with hospital-acquired infections and in those with catheter-related infections under antibiotic-lock therapy, it may be possible to obtain an additional benefit from antibiotic-lock therapy with these drugs, namely the control of Candida biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- José J C Sidrim
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Carlos E C Teixeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Rossana A Cordeiro
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Raimunda S N Brilhante
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil.
| | - Débora S C M Castelo-Branco
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Silviane P Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Lucas P Alencar
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Jonathas S Oliveira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - André J Monteiro
- Department of Statistics and Applied Mathematics, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - José L B Moreira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Tereza J P G Bandeira
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Marcos F G Rocha
- Department of Pathology and Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Medical Microbiology, Specialized Medical Mycology Center, Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil; College of Veterinary Medicine, Post Graduate Program in Veterinary Sciences, State University of Ceará, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Braem A, De Cremer K, Delattin N, De Brucker K, Neirinck B, Vandamme K, Martens JA, Michiels J, Vleugels J, Cammue BPA, Thevissen K. Novel anti-infective implant substrates: controlled release of antibiofilm compounds from mesoporous silica-containing macroporous titanium. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2015; 126:481-8. [PMID: 25601097 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Bone implants with open porosity enable fast osseointegration, but also present an increased risk of biofilm-associated infections. We design a novel implant material consisting of a mesoporous SiO2 diffusion barrier (pore diameter: 6.4 nm) with controlled drug release functionality integrated in a macroporous Ti load-bearing structure (fully interconnected open porosity: 30%; pore window size: 0.5-2.0 μm). Using an in vitro tool consisting of Ti/SiO2 disks in an insert set-up, through which molecules can diffuse from feed side to release side, a continuous release without initial burst effect of the antibiofilm compound toremifene is sustained for at least 9 days, while release concentrations (up to 17 μM daily) increase with feed concentrations (up to 4mM). Toremifene diffusivity through the SiO2 phase into H2O is estimated around 10(-13)m(2)/s, suggesting configurational diffusion through mesopores. Candida albicans biofilm growth on the toremifene-release side is significantly inhibited, establishing a proof-of-concept for the drug delivery functionality of mesoporous SiO2 incorporated into a high-strength macroporous Ti carrier. Next-generation implants made of this composite material and equipped with an internal reservoir (feed side) can yield long-term controlled release of antibiofilm compounds, effectively treating infections on the implant surface (release side) over a prolonged time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabel Braem
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Kaat De Cremer
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Nicolas Delattin
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katrijn De Brucker
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bram Neirinck
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Katleen Vandamme
- BIOMAT Research Cluster, Department of Oral Health Sciences and Prosthetic Dentistry, KU Leuven and University Hospitals Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 7 Box 7001, 3000 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Johan A Martens
- Centre of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis (COK), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 23 Box 2461, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jan Michiels
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Jef Vleugels
- Department of Materials Engineering (MTM), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 44 Box 2450, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium; Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Karin Thevissen
- Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics (CMPG), KU Leuven, Kasteelpark Arenberg 20 Box 2460, 3001 Leuven, Belgium.
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49
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Cabral V, Znaidi S, Walker LA, Martin-Yken H, Dague E, Legrand M, Lee K, Chauvel M, Firon A, Rossignol T, Richard ML, Munro CA, Bachellier-Bassi S, d'Enfert C. Targeted changes of the cell wall proteome influence Candida albicans ability to form single- and multi-strain biofilms. PLoS Pathog 2014; 10:e1004542. [PMID: 25502890 PMCID: PMC4263760 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Biofilm formation is an important virulence trait of the pathogenic yeast Candida albicans. We have combined gene overexpression, strain barcoding and microarray profiling to screen a library of 531 C. albicans conditional overexpression strains (∼10% of the genome) for genes affecting biofilm development in mixed-population experiments. The overexpression of 16 genes increased strain occupancy within a multi-strain biofilm, whereas overexpression of 4 genes decreased it. The set of 16 genes was significantly enriched for those encoding predicted glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-modified proteins, namely Ihd1/Pga36, Phr2, Pga15, Pga19, Pga22, Pga32, Pga37, Pga42 and Pga59; eight of which have been classified as pathogen-specific. Validation experiments using either individually- or competitively-grown overexpression strains revealed that the contribution of these genes to biofilm formation was variable and stage-specific. Deeper functional analysis of PGA59 and PGA22 at a single-cell resolution using atomic force microscopy showed that overexpression of either gene increased C. albicans ability to adhere to an abiotic substrate. However, unlike PGA59, PGA22 overexpression led to cell cluster formation that resulted in increased sensitivity to shear forces and decreased ability to form a single-strain biofilm. Within the multi-strain environment provided by the PGA22-non overexpressing cells, PGA22-overexpressing cells were protected from shear forces and fitter for biofilm development. Ultrastructural analysis, genome-wide transcript profiling and phenotypic analyses in a heterologous context suggested that PGA22 affects cell adherence through alteration of cell wall structure and/or function. Taken together, our findings reveal that several novel predicted GPI-modified proteins contribute to the cooperative behaviour between biofilm cells and are important participants during C. albicans biofilm formation. Moreover, they illustrate the power of using signature tagging in conjunction with gene overexpression for the identification of novel genes involved in processes pertaining to C. albicans virulence. Candida albicans is the most prevalent human fungal pathogen. Its ability to cause disease relies, in part, on the formation of biofilms, a protective structure of highly adherent cells tolerant to antifungal agents and the host immune response. The biofilm is considered as a persistent root of infection, disseminating infectious cells to other locations. In this study, we performed large-scale phenotypic analyses aimed at identifying genes whose overexpression affects biofilm development in C. albicans. Our screen relied on a collection of 531 C. albicans strains, each conditionally overexpressing one given gene and carrying one specific molecular tag allowing the quantification of strain abundance in mixed-population experiments. Our results strikingly revealed the enrichment of strains overproducing poorly-characterized surface proteins called Pgas (Putative GPI-Anchored proteins), within a 531-strain-containing biofilm model. We show that these PGA genes differentially contribute to single-strain and multi-strain biofilm formation and are involved in specific stages of the biofilm developmental process. Taken together, our results reveal the importance of C. albicans cell surface proteins during biofilm formation and reflect the powerful use of strain barcoding in combination with gene overexpression to identify genes and/or pathways involved in processes pertaining to virulence of pathogenic microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor Cabral
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
- Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Cellule Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Sadri Znaidi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
| | - Louise A. Walker
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Hélène Martin-Yken
- INSA, UPS, INP, ISAE, LAAS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- UMR792 Ingénierie des Systèmes Biologiques et des Procédés, INRA, Toulouse, France
- UMR5504, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Etienne Dague
- INSA, UPS, INP, ISAE, LAAS, Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
- LAAS, CNRS, Toulouse, France
| | - Mélanie Legrand
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
| | - Keunsook Lee
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Murielle Chauvel
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
| | - Arnaud Firon
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
| | - Tristan Rossignol
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
| | - Mathias L. Richard
- INRA, UMR1319 Micalis, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- AgroParisTech, UMR Micalis, Thiverval Grignon, France
| | - Carol A. Munro
- School of Medical Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - Sophie Bachellier-Bassi
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
| | - Christophe d'Enfert
- Institut Pasteur, Unité Biologie et Pathogénicité Fongiques, Département Génomes et Génétique, Paris, France
- INRA, USC2019, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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50
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Sztajer H, Szafranski SP, Tomasch J, Reck M, Nimtz M, Rohde M, Wagner-Döbler I. Cross-feeding and interkingdom communication in dual-species biofilms of Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans. THE ISME JOURNAL 2014; 8:2256-71. [PMID: 24824668 PMCID: PMC4992082 DOI: 10.1038/ismej.2014.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2013] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Polymicrobial biofilms are of large medical importance, but relatively little is known about the role of interspecies interactions for their physiology and virulence. Here, we studied two human pathogens co-occuring in the oral cavity, the opportunistic fungus Candida albicans and the caries-promoting bacterium Streptococcus mutans. Dual-species biofilms reached higher biomass and cell numbers than mono-species biofilms, and the production of extracellular polymeric substances (EPSs) by S. mutans was strongly suppressed, which was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and transcriptome analysis. To detect interkingdom communication, C. albicans was co-cultivated with a strain of S. mutans carrying a transcriptional fusion between a green fluorescent protein-encoding gene and the promoter for sigX, the alternative sigma factor of S. mutans, which is induced by quorum sensing signals. Strong induction of sigX was observed in dual-species biofilms, but not in single-species biofilms. Conditioned media from mixed biofilms but not from C. albicans or S. mutans cultivated alone activated sigX in the reporter strain. Deletion of comS encoding the synthesis of the sigX-inducing peptide precursor abolished this activity, whereas deletion of comC encoding the competence-stimulating peptide precursor had no effect. Transcriptome analysis of S. mutans confirmed induction of comS, sigX, bacteriocins and the downstream late competence genes, including fratricins, in dual-species biofilms. We show here for the first time the stimulation of the complete quorum sensing system of S. mutans by a species from another kingdom, namely the fungus C. albicans, resulting in fundamentally changed virulence properties of the caries pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Sztajer
- Research Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Szymon P Szafranski
- Research Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jürgen Tomasch
- Research Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Michael Reck
- Research Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Nimtz
- Research Group Proteomics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Manfred Rohde
- Central Facility for Microscopy, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Irene Wagner-Döbler
- Research Group Microbial Communication, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
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