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Geng DC, Innes JL, Wang G. Survive, revive, and thrive: The impact of COVID-19 on global park visitation. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 946:174077. [PMID: 38908585 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.174077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has had detrimental effects on both the physical and psychological well-being of individuals. Throughout the pandemic and in response to various policies, such as lockdowns, movement restrictions and social distancing measures, parks and greenspaces received renewed attention as people used them to help cope with the adverse effects of the pandemic. This study explored the factors influencing park and greenspace visitation at different stages of the pandemic in 2020, 2021, and 2022, from both global and regional perspectives. Data were collected primarily from Our World in Data, Google's Community Mobility Reports and the Oxford Coronavirus Government Response Tracker, and a total of 125,422 park visits were processed. Stay-at-home mandates, vaccination availability, and school closures were the most influential factors globally affecting park and greenspace visitation in 2020, 2021, and 2022, respectively. Post-2021, vaccination-related policies began to play a significantly positive role in the increase in park and greenspace visits. Following a global analysis, countries were categorized into five clusters based on social, economic, and cultural indices. The analysis revealed varying patterns of factors influencing park visitation across these clusters. Notably, income support policies were positively correlated with higher park visitation, particularly in low-income countries. Recognizing the significance of parks and green spaces as essential green infrastructure, this study suggests how the use of parks might have better coped with the COVID-19 pandemic and how future health crises might be addressed. At the same time, it considers different social, economic, and cultural contexts. Additionally, this work provides insights and suggestions as to how parks and greenspaces might be used to reduce the social inequalities exacerbated during the pandemic, especially in low-income developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehui Christina Geng
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - John L Innes
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Guangyu Wang
- Faculty of Forestry, University of British Columbia, 2424 Main Mall, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
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Muraoka D, Moi ML, Muto O, Nakatsukasa T, Deng S, Takashima C, Yamaguchi R, Sawada SI, Hayakawa H, Nguyen TTN, Haseda Y, Soga T, Matsushita H, Ikeda H, Akiyoshi K, Harada N. Low-frequency CD8 + T cells induced by SIGN-R1 + macrophage-targeted vaccine confer SARS-CoV-2 clearance in mice. NPJ Vaccines 2024; 9:173. [PMID: 39294173 PMCID: PMC11411095 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-024-00961-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2024] [Indexed: 09/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Vaccine-induced T cells and neutralizing antibodies are essential for protection against SARS-CoV-2. Previously, we demonstrated that an antigen delivery system, pullulan nanogel (PNG), delivers vaccine antigen to lymph node medullary macrophages and thereby enhances the induction of specific CD8+ T cells. In this study, we revealed that medullary macrophage-selective delivery by PNG depends on its binding to a C-type lectin SIGN-R1. In a K18-hACE2 mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection, vaccination with a PNG-encapsulated receptor-binding domain of spike protein decreased the viral load and prolonged the survival in the CD8+ T cell- and B cell-dependent manners. T cell receptor repertoire analysis revealed that although the vaccine induced T cells at various frequencies, low-frequency specific T cells mainly promoted virus clearance. Thus, the induction of specific CD8+ T cells that respond quickly to viral infection, even at low frequencies, is important for vaccine efficacy and can be achieved by SIGN-R1+ medullary macrophage-targeted antigen delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Muraoka
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan.
- Division of Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Meng Ling Moi
- School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Osamu Muto
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takaaki Nakatsukasa
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Situo Deng
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Chieko Takashima
- Division of Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Rui Yamaguchi
- Division of Cancer Systems Biology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Cancer Informatics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sawada
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development (cSIMVa), Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Haruka Hayakawa
- School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hirokazu Matsushita
- Division of Translational Oncoimmunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Ikeda
- Department of Oncology, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Mahmoudi M, Taghavi-Farahabadi M, Hashemi SM, Mousavizadeh K, Rezaei N, Mojtabavi N. Reprogramming tumor-associated macrophages using exosomes from M1 macrophages. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 733:150697. [PMID: 39288697 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2024] [Revised: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 09/12/2024] [Indexed: 09/19/2024]
Abstract
Macrophages, abundant in tumors, are classified as M1 or M2 types with M2 dominating the tumor microenvironment. Shifting macrophages from M2 to M1 using exosomes is a promising intervention. The properties of exosomes depend on their source cells. M1-exosomes are expected to polarize macrophages towards M1 phenotype. We compared M1-exosomes and M0-exosomes' effects on M2 macrophage polarization. The RAW264.7 cells were cultured and one group of them was exposed to LPS. The serum-free medium was collected and exosomes were extracted. Exosomes were analyzed by scanning and transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and Western blot. Subsequently, M1 or M0 exosomes were applied to M2 macrophages induced by IL4. The macrophages polarization, including M1 and M2 genes and surface markers expression, cytokines secretion, and phagocytosis ability were evaluated. It was demonstrated that M1-exosomes induced macrophage polarization toward the M1 phenotype, characterized by an upregulation of M1-specific markers and a downregulation of M2 markers. Furthermore, the secretion of TNF-α was increased, while the secretion of IL-10 was decreased. The phagocytosis ability of M1-exosome-treated macrophages was also augmented. This research suggested that M1-exosomes might be promising candidates for modulating immune response in situations marked by an overabundance of M2 polarization, like in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Taghavi-Farahabadi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Mahmoud Hashemi
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Mousavizadeh
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Network of Immunity in Infection, Malignancy and Autoimmunity (NIIMA), Universal Scientific Education Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nazanin Mojtabavi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Bhuvaneshwar K, Madhavan S, Gusev Y. Integrative genomic analysis of the lung tissue microenvironment in SARS-CoV-2 and NL63 patients. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32772. [PMID: 39183848 PMCID: PMC11341340 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/09/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus has affected over 700 million people, and caused over 7 million deaths throughout the world as of April 2024, and continues to affect people through seasonal waves. While over 675 million people have recovered from this disease globally, the lingering effects of the disease are still under study. Long term effects of SARS-CoV-2 infection, known as 'long COVID,' include a wide range of symptoms including fatigue, chest pain, cellular damage, along with a strong innate immune response characterized by inflammatory cytokine production. Three years after the pandemic, data about long covid studies are finally emerging. More clinical studies and clinical trials are needed to understand and determine the factors that predispose individuals to these long-term side effects. In this methodology paper, our goal was to apply data driven approaches in order to explore the multidimensional landscape of infected lung tissue microenvironment to better understand complex interactions between viral infection, immune response and the lung microbiome of patients with (a) SARS-CoV-2 virus and (b) NL63 coronavirus. The samples were analyzed with several machine learning tools allowing simultaneous detection and quantification of viral RNA amount at genome and gene level; human gene expression and fractions of major types of immune cells, as well as metagenomic analysis of bacterial and viral abundance. To contrast and compare specific viral response to SARS-COV-2, we analyzed deep sequencing data from additional cohort of patients infected with NL63 strain of corona virus. Our correlation analysis of three types of RNA-seq based measurements in patients i.e. fraction of viral RNA (at genome and gene level), Human RNA (transcripts and gene level) and bacterial RNA (metagenomic analysis), showed significant correlation between viral load as well as level of specific viral gene expression with the fractions of immune cells present in lung lavage as well as with abundance of major fractions of lung microbiome in COVID-19 patients. Our methodology-based proof-of-concept study has provided novel insights into complex regulatory signaling interactions and correlative patterns between the viral infection, inhibition of innate and adaptive immune response as well as microbiome landscape of the lung tissue. These initial findings could provide better understanding of the diverse dynamics of immune response and the side effects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection and demonstrates the possibilities of the various types of analyses that could be performed from this type of data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krithika Bhuvaneshwar
- Georgetown-Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (Georgetown-ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Subha Madhavan
- Georgetown-Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (Georgetown-ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, USA
| | - Yuriy Gusev
- Georgetown-Innovation Center for Biomedical Informatics (Georgetown-ICBI), Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington DC, 20007, USA
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Casado-Fernández G, Cantón J, Nasarre L, Ramos-Martín F, Manzanares M, Sánchez-Menéndez C, Fuertes D, Mateos E, Murciano-Antón MA, Pérez-Olmeda M, Cervero M, Torres M, Rodríguez-Rosado R, Coiras M. Pre-existing cell populations with cytotoxic activity against SARS-CoV-2 in people with HIV and normal CD4/CD8 ratio previously unexposed to the virus. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1362621. [PMID: 38812512 PMCID: PMC11133563 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1362621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction HIV-1 infection may produce a detrimental effect on the immune response. Early start of antiretroviral therapy (ART) is recommended to preserve the integrity of the immune system. In fact, people with HIV (PWH) and normal CD4/CD8 ratio appear not to be more susceptible to severe forms of COVID-19 than the general population and they usually present a good seroconversion rate in response to vaccination against SARS-CoV-2. However, few studies have fully characterized the development of cytotoxic immune populations in response to COVID-19 vaccination in these individuals. Methods In this study, we recruited PWH with median time of HIV-1 infection of 6 years, median CD4/CD8 ratio of 1.0, good adherence to ART, persistently undetectable viral load, and negative serology against SARS-CoV-2, who then received the complete vaccination schedule against COVID-19. Blood samples were taken before vaccination against COVID-19 and one month after receiving the complete vaccination schedule. Results PWH produced high levels of IgG against SARS-CoV-2 in response to vaccination that were comparable to healthy donors, with a significantly higher neutralization capacity. Interestingly, the cytotoxic activity of PBMCs from PWH against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells was higher than healthy donors before receiving the vaccination schedule, pointing out the pre-existence of activated cell populations with likely unspecific antiviral activity. The characterization of these cytotoxic cell populations revealed high levels of Tgd cells with degranulation capacity against SARS-CoV-2-infected cells. In response to vaccination, the degranulation capacity of CD8+ T cells also increased in PWH but not in healthy donors. Discussion The full vaccination schedule against COVID-19 did not modify the ability to respond against HIV-1-infected cells in PWH and these individuals did not show more susceptibility to breakthrough infection with SARS-CoV-2 than healthy donors after 12 months of follow-up. These results revealed the development of protective cell populations with broad-spectrum antiviral activity in PWH with normal CD4/CD8 ratio and confirmed the importance of early ART and treatment adherence to avoid immune dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiomar Casado-Fernández
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Juan Cantón
- PhD Program in Health Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Nasarre
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Ramos-Martín
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mario Manzanares
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Clara Sánchez-Menéndez
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain
- Hematology and Hemotherapy Service, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Fuertes
- School of Telecommunications Engineering, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Mateos
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Aranzazu Murciano-Antón
- Family Medicine, Centro de Salud Doctor Pedro Laín Entralgo, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
- International PhD School, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Pérez-Olmeda
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Serology Service, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Cervero
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Montserrat Torres
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Rodríguez-Rosado
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
- School of Medicine, Universidad Alfonso X El Sabio, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mayte Coiras
- Immunopathology and Viral Reservoir Unit, National Center of Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Research Center Network in Infectious Diseases [Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC)], Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
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Tsang HW, Kwan MYW, Chua GT, Tsao SSL, Wong JSC, Tung KTS, Chan GCF, To KKW, Wong ICK, Leung WH, Ip P. The central role of natural killer cells in mediating acute myocarditis after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. MED 2024; 5:335-347.e3. [PMID: 38521068 DOI: 10.1016/j.medj.2024.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccine-related acute myocarditis is recognized as a rare and specific vaccine complication following mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccinations. The precise mechanisms remain unclear. We hypothesized that natural killer (NK) cells play a central role in its pathogenesis. METHODS Samples from 60 adolescents with vaccine-related myocarditis were analyzed, including pro-inflammatory cytokines, cardiac troponin T, genotyping, and immunophenotyping of the corresponding activation subsets of NK cells, monocytes, and T cells. Results were compared with samples from 10 vaccinated individuals without myocarditis and 10 healthy controls. FINDINGS Phenotypically, high levels of serum cytokines pivotal for NK cells, including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interferon α2 (IFN-α2), IL-12, and IFN-γ, were observed in post-vaccination patients with myocarditis, who also had high percentage of CD57+ NK cells in blood, which in turn correlated positively with elevated levels of cardiac troponin T. Abundance of the CD57+ NK subset was particularly prominent in males and in those after the second dose of vaccination. Genotypically, killer cell immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) KIR2DL5B(-)/KIR2DS3(+)/KIR2DS5(-)/KIR2DS4del(+) was a risk haplotype, in addition to single-nucleotide polymorphisms related to the NK cell-specific expression quantitative trait loci DNAM-1 and FuT11, which also correlated with cardiac troponin T levels in post-vaccination patients with myocarditis. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that NK cell activation by mRNA COVID-19 vaccine contributed to the pathogenesis of acute myocarditis in genetically and epidemiologically vulnerable subjects. FUNDING This work was funded by the Hong Kong Collaborative Research Fund (CRF) 2020/21 and the CRF Coronavirus and Novel Infectious Diseases Research Exercises (reference no. C7149-20G).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hing Wai Tsang
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Mike Yat Wah Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sabrina Siu Ling Tsao
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Joshua Sung Chih Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital Authority, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Keith Tsz Suen Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Godfrey Chi Fung Chan
- Paediatric Haematology & Oncology Centre, Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kelvin Kai Wang To
- Department of Microbiology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ian Chi Kei Wong
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China; School of Pharmacy, Medical Sciences Division, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau SAR, China; School of Pharmacy, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, England
| | - Wing Hang Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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Cevirgel A, Vos M, Holtrop AF, Beckers L, Reukers DFM, Meijer A, Rots N, van Beek J, van Baarle D, de Wit J. Delineating immune variation between adult and children COVID-19 cases and associations with disease severity. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5090. [PMID: 38429462 PMCID: PMC10907598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55148-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has emphasized the need to explore how variations in the immune system relate to the severity of the disease. This study aimed to explore inter-individual variation in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection by comparing T cell, B cell, and innate cell immune subsets among primary infected children and adults (i.e., those who had never experienced SARS-CoV-2 infection nor received vaccination previously), with varying disease severity after infection. We also examined immune subset kinetics in convalescent individuals compared to those with persistent infection to identify possible markers of immune dysfunction. Distinct immune subset differences were observed between infected adults and children, as well as among adult cases with mild, moderate, and severe disease. IgM memory B cells were absent in moderate and severe cases whereas frequencies of B cells with a lack of surface immunoglobulin expression were significantly higher in severe cases. Interestingly, these immune subsets remained stable during recovery implying that these subsets could be associated with underlying baseline immune variation. Our results offer insights into the potential immune markers associated with severe COVID-19 and provide a foundation for future research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alper Cevirgel
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn Vos
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Floor Holtrop
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Lisa Beckers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne F M Reukers
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Adam Meijer
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Josine van Beek
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Virology and Immunology Research Group, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle de Wit
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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8
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Letafati A, Ardekani OS, Naderisemiromi M, Norouzi M, Shafiei M, Nik S, Mozhgani SH. Unraveling the dynamic mechanisms of natural killer cells in viral infections: insights and implications. Virol J 2024; 21:18. [PMID: 38216935 PMCID: PMC10785350 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02287-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Viruses pose a constant threat to human well-being, necessitating the immune system to develop robust defenses. Natural killer (NK) cells, which play a crucial role in the immune system, have become recognized as vital participants in protecting the body against viral infections. These remarkable innate immune cells possess the unique ability to directly recognize and eliminate infected cells, thereby contributing to the early control and containment of viral pathogens. However, recent research has uncovered an intriguing phenomenon: the alteration of NK cells during viral infections. In addition to their well-established role in antiviral defense, NK cells undergo dynamic changes in their phenotype, function, and regulatory mechanisms upon encountering viral pathogens. These alterations can significantly impact the effectiveness of NK cell responses during viral infections. This review explores the multifaceted role of NK cells in antiviral immunity, highlighting their conventional effector functions as well as the emerging concept of NK cell alteration in the context of viral infections. Understanding the intricate interplay between NK cells and viral infections is crucial for advancing our knowledge of antiviral immune responses and could offer valuable information for the creation of innovative therapeutic approaches to combat viral diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Letafati
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Omid Salahi Ardekani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mina Naderisemiromi
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mehdi Norouzi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Soheil Nik
- School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Alborz, Iran
| | - Sayed-Hamidreza Mozhgani
- Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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9
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Safont G, Villar-Hernández R, Smalchuk D, Stojanovic Z, Marín A, Lacoma A, Pérez-Cano C, López-Martínez A, Molina-Moya B, Solis AJ, Arméstar F, Matllo J, Díaz-Fernández S, Romero I, Casas I, Strecker K, Preyer R, Rosell A, Latorre I, Domínguez J. Measurement of IFN-γ and IL-2 for the assessment of the cellular immunity against SARS-CoV-2. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1137. [PMID: 38212416 PMCID: PMC10784529 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51505-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The study of specific T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 is important for understanding long-term immunity and infection management. The aim of this study was to assess the dual IFN-γ and IL-2 detection, using a SARS-CoV-2 specific fluorescence ELISPOT, in patients undergoing acute disease, during convalescence, and after vaccination. We also evaluated humoral response and compared with T-cells with the aim of correlating both types of responses, and increase the number of specific response detection. Blood samples were drawn from acute COVID-19 patients and convalescent individuals classified according to disease severity; and from unvaccinated and vaccinated uninfected individuals. IgGs against Spike and nucleocapsid, IgMs against nucleocapsid, and neutralizing antibodies were also analyzed. Our results show that IFN-γ in combination with IL-2 increases response detection in acute and convalescent individuals (p = 0.023). In addition, IFN-γ detection can be a useful biomarker for monitoring severe acute patients, as our results indicate that those individuals with a poor outcome have lower levels of this cytokine. In some cases, the lack of cellular immunity is compensated by antibodies, confirming the role of both types of immune responses in infection, and confirming that their dual detection can increase the number of specific response detections. In summary, IFN-γ/IL-2 dual detection is promising for characterizing and assessing the immunization status, and helping in the patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillem Safont
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel Villar-Hernández
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Daria Smalchuk
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University, Odesa, Ukraine
| | - Zoran Stojanovic
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Marín
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Lacoma
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cristina Pérez-Cano
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Anabel López-Martínez
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Bárbara Molina-Moya
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alan Jhunior Solis
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Fernando Arméstar
- Intensive Care Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Joan Matllo
- Basic Unit for the Prevention of Occupational Risks (UBP), Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Fernández
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Iris Romero
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irma Casas
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Preventive Medicine Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Kevin Strecker
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Rosemarie Preyer
- Genome Identification Diagnostics GmbH (GenID), Straßberg, Germany
| | - Antoni Rosell
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Irene Latorre
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jose Domínguez
- Institut d'Investigació Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain.
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
- Departament de Genètica i Microbiologia, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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10
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Pantea Stoian A, Bica IC, Salmen T, Al Mahmeed W, Al-Rasadi K, Al-Alawi K, Banach M, Banerjee Y, Ceriello A, Cesur M, Cosentino F, Firenze A, Galia M, Goh SY, Janez A, Kalra S, Kapoor N, Kempler P, Lessan N, Lotufo P, Mikhailidis DP, Nibali L, Papanas N, Powell-Wiley T, Rizvi AA, Sahebkar A, Santos RD, Toth PP, Viswanathan V, Rizzo M. New-Onset Diabetes Mellitus in COVID-19: A Scoping Review. Diabetes Ther 2024; 15:33-60. [PMID: 37751143 PMCID: PMC10786767 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-023-01465-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic became superimposed on the pre-existing obesity and diabetes mellitus (DM) pandemics. Since COVID-19 infection alters the metabolic equilibrium, it may induce pathophysiologic mechanisms that potentiate new-onset DM, and we evaluated this issue. METHOD A systematic review of the literature published from the 1 January 2020 until the 20 July 2023 was performed (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022341638). We included only full-text articles of both human clinical and randomized controlled trials published in English and enrolling adults (age > 18 years old) with ongoing or preceding COVID-19 in whom hyperglycemia was detected. The search was based on the following criteria: "(new-onset diabetes mellitus OR new-onset DM) AND (COVID-19) AND adults". RESULTS Articles on MEDLINE (n = 70) and the Web of Science database (n = 16) were included and analyzed by two researchers who selected 20 relevant articles. We found evidence of a bidirectional relationship between COVID-19 and DM. CONCLUSIONS This link operates as a pathophysiological mechanism supported by epidemiological data and also by the clinical and biological findings obtained from the affected individuals. The COVID-19 pandemic raised the incidence of DM through different pathophysiological and psychosocial factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Pantea Stoian
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Ioana-Cristina Bica
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Teodor Salmen
- Doctoral School, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 020021, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Wael Al Mahmeed
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Kamila Al-Alawi
- Department of Training and Studies, Royal Hospital, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
| | - Maciej Banach
- Department of Preventive Cardiology and Lipidology, Medical University of Lodz (MUL), Lodz, Poland
- Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital Research Institute (PMMHRI), Lodz, Poland
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Zielona Gora, Zielona Gora, Poland
| | - Yajnavalka Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Mustafa Cesur
- Clinic of Endocrinology, Ankara Güven Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Francesco Cosentino
- Unit of Cardiology, Karolinska Institute and Karolinska University Hospital, University of Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alberto Firenze
- Unit of Research and International Cooperation, University Hospital of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Massimo Galia
- Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and Advanced Diagnostics (Bind), University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Su-Yen Goh
- Department of Endocrinology, Singapore General Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Andrej Janez
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University Medical Center Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Sanjay Kalra
- Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital and Bride, Karnal, India
| | - Nitin Kapoor
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College, Vellore, India
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter Kempler
- Department of Medicine and Oncology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nader Lessan
- The Research Institute, Imperial College London Diabetes Centre, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Paulo Lotufo
- Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University Hospital, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimitri P Mikhailidis
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Royal Free Hospital Campus, University College London Medical School, University College London (UCL), London, UK
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Dental Institute, Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Papanas
- Diabetes Center, Second Department of Internal Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, University Hospital of Alexandroupolis, Alexandroupolis, Greece
| | - Tiffany Powell-Wiley
- Social Determinants of Obesity and Cardiovascular Risk Laboratory, Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart Lung and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Ali A Rizvi
- Department of Medicine, University of Central Florida College of Medicine, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sci-Ences, Mashhad, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School Hospital, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter P Toth
- Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, Sao Paulo, Brazil
- Cicarrone Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Johns Hopkins University School of Medi-Cine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Manfredi Rizzo
- Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
- Department of Biochemistry, Mohamed Bin Rashid University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (ProMise), School of Medicine, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
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11
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Dawoodi S, Rizvi SAA, Zaidi AK. Innate immune responses to SARS-CoV-2. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2023; 202:127-154. [PMID: 38237984 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2023.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
This chapter provides an overview of the innate immune response to SARS-CoV-2, focusing on the recognition, activation, and evasion strategies employed by the virus. The innate immune system plays a crucial role in the early defense against viral infections, and understanding its response to SARS-CoV-2 is essential for developing effective therapeutic approaches. The chapter begins by explaining the basics of the innate immune system, including its components and salient features. It discusses the various pattern recognition receptors involved in recognizing SARS-CoV-2, such as toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, NOD-like receptors, and other cytosolic sensors. The binding and entry of the virus into host cells and subsequent activation of innate immune cells, including neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, dendritic cells, NK cells, and ILCs, are explored. Furthermore, the secretion of key cytokines and chemokines, including type I interferons, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-alpha, is discussed as part of the innate immune response. The concept of PANoptosis, involving programmed cell death mechanisms, is introduced as a significant aspect of the response to SARS-CoV-2. The chapter also addresses the innate immune evasion strategies employed by SARS-CoV-2, which allow the virus to evade or subvert the host immune response, contributing to viral persistence. Understanding these strategies is crucial for developing targeted therapies against the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunny Dawoodi
- Anaesthesiologist, University Hospitals Birmingham and NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Syed A A Rizvi
- College of Biomedical Sciences, Larkin University, Miami, Florida, United States.
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12
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Bandinelli F, Pagano M, Vallecoccia MS. Post-COVID-19 and Post-COVID-19 Vaccine Arthritis, Polymyalgia Rheumatica and Horton's Arteritis: A Single-Center Assessment of Clinical, Serological, Genetic, and Ultrasonographic Biomarkers. J Clin Med 2023; 12:7563. [PMID: 38137631 PMCID: PMC10743539 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12247563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential role of the COVID-19 vaccine and infection to induce autoimmunity is currently underestimated despite the literature emphasizing arthralgia as a common adverse event. We aimed to study the impact of rheumatological complications post-COVID-19 (PC) and post-COVID-19 vaccine (PCV), comparing undifferentiated arthritis (UA) to Polymyalgia Rheumatica, Horton's Arteritis (PMR-HA) and isolated arthritis to UA with "connective-like" accompanying symptoms. We retrospectively included 109 patients with at least 6 months of follow-up, analyzing serum biomarkers, joint ultrasound (US), lung HRCT, DLCO, and HLA haplotypes. There were 87 UA patients showing increased gastrointestinal and lung involvement (p = 0.021 and p = 0.012), higher anti-spike protein IgG levels (p = 0.003), and anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG positivity (p = 0.003). Among them, 66 cases progressed to ACR-EULAR 2010 early arthritis after 3 months, whereas PMR-HA patients were more commonly PCV (81.8%, p = 0.008), demonstrating higher CRP (p = 0.007) and ESR (p = 0.006) levels, a lower rate of ANA positivity (p = 0.005), and a higher remission rate after six months (p = 0.050). In UA patients, the prevalent HLA was DRB1*11 and C*07 (36.8% and 42.1%). Serum calprotectin, interleukin-6, and C*07 (p = 0.021, 0.041, 0.018) seemed more specific for isolated UA. Conversely, "connective-like" arthritis showed poorer DLCO (p = 0.041) and more frequent US synovitis (p = 0.041). In conclusion, UA is a frequent common PC and PCV complication and may persist over time when compared to PMR-HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Bandinelli
- Rheumatology Department, Usl Tuscany Center, San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, 50143 Florence, Italy
| | - Mario Pagano
- National Research Council (CNR), Sesto Fiorentino, 50019 Florence, Italy;
| | - Maria Sole Vallecoccia
- Anesthesia and Intensive Care Unit, Department of Emergency and Critical Care, Santa Maria Nuova Hospital, 50122 Florence, Italy;
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13
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Shin E, Bak SH, Park T, Kim JW, Yoon SR, Jung H, Noh JY. Understanding NK cell biology for harnessing NK cell therapies: targeting cancer and beyond. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1192907. [PMID: 37539051 PMCID: PMC10395517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1192907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gene-engineered immune cell therapies have partially transformed cancer treatment, as exemplified by the use of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cells in certain hematologic malignancies. However, there are several limitations that need to be addressed to target more cancer types. Natural killer (NK) cells are a type of innate immune cells that represent a unique biology in cancer immune surveillance. In particular, NK cells obtained from heathy donors can serve as a source for genetically engineered immune cell therapies. Therefore, NK-based therapies, including NK cells, CAR-NK cells, and antibodies that induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity of NK cells, have emerged. With recent advances in genetic engineering and cell biology techniques, NK cell-based therapies have become promising approaches for a wide range of cancers, viral infections, and senescence. This review provides a brief overview of NK cell characteristics and summarizes diseases that could benefit from NK-based therapies. In addition, we discuss recent preclinical and clinical investigations on the use of adoptive NK cell transfer and agents that can modulate NK cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Shin
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Ho Bak
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeho Park
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Woo Kim
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suk-Ran Yoon
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Haiyoung Jung
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Yoon Noh
- Aging Convergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science & Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Immunotherapy Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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14
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Feng W, Beer J, Hao Q, Ariyapala IS, Sahajan A, Komarov A, Cha K, Moua M, Qiu X, Xu X, Iyengar S, Yoshimura T, Nagaraj R, Wang L, Yu M, Engel K, Zhen L, Xue W, Lee CJ, Park CH, Peng C, Zhang K, Grzybowski A, Hahm J, Schmidt SV, Odainic A, Spitzer J, Buddika K, Kuo D, Fang L, Zhang B, Chen S, Latz E, Yin Y, Luo Y, Ma XJ. NULISA: a novel proteomic liquid biopsy platform with attomolar sensitivity and high multiplexing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.04.09.536130. [PMID: 37090549 PMCID: PMC10120728 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.09.536130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
The blood proteome holds great promise for precision medicine but poses substantial challenges due to the low abundance of most plasma proteins and the vast dynamic range across the proteome. We report a novel proteomic technology - NUcleic acid Linked Immuno-Sandwich Assay (NULISA™) - that incorporates a dual capture and release mechanism to suppress the assay background and improves the sensitivity of the proximity ligation assay by over 10,000-fold to the attomolar level. It utilizes pairs of antibodies conjugated to DNA oligonucleotides that enable immunocomplex purification and generate reporter DNA containing target- and sample-specific barcodes for a next-generation sequencing-based, highly multiplexed readout. A 200-plex NULISA targeting 124 cytokines and chemokines and 80 other immune response-related proteins demonstrated superior sensitivity for detecting low-abundance proteins and high concordance with other immunoassays. The ultrahigh sensitivity allowed the detection of previously difficult-to-detect, but biologically important, low-abundance biomarkers in patients with autoimmune diseases and COVID-19. Fully automated NULISA addresses longstanding challenges in proteomic analysis of liquid biopsies and makes broad and in-depth proteomic analysis accessible to the general research community and future diagnostic applications.
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