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Zhao Z, Li M, Zeng J, Huo L, Liu K, Wei R, Ni K, Gao J. Recent advances in engineering iron oxide nanoparticles for effective magnetic resonance imaging. Bioact Mater 2022; 12:214-245. [PMID: 35310380 PMCID: PMC8897217 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2021.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Iron oxide nanoparticle (IONP) with unique magnetic property and high biocompatibility have been widely used as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent (CA) for long time. However, a review which comprehensively summarizes the recent development of IONP as traditional T2 CA and its new application for different modality of MRI, such as T1 imaging, simultaneous T2/T1 or MRI/other imaging modality, and as environment responsive CA is rare. This review starts with an investigation of direction on the development of high-performance MRI CA in both T2 and T1 modal based on quantum mechanical outer sphere and Solomon–Bloembergen–Morgan (SBM) theory. Recent rational attempts to increase the MRI contrast of IONP by adjusting the key parameters, including magnetization, size, effective radius, inhomogeneity of surrounding generated magnetic field, crystal phase, coordination number of water, electronic relaxation time, and surface modification are summarized. Besides the strategies to improve r2 or r1 values, strategies to increase the in vivo contrast efficiency of IONP have been reviewed from three different aspects, those are introducing second imaging modality to increase the imaging accuracy, endowing IONP with environment response capacity to elevate the signal difference between lesion and normal tissue, and optimizing the interface structure to improve the accumulation amount of IONP in lesion. This detailed review provides a deep understanding of recent researches on the development of high-performance IONP based MRI CAs. It is hoped to trigger deep thinking for design of next generation MRI CAs for early and accurate diagnosis. T2 contrast capacity of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) could be improved based on quantum mechanical outer sphere theory. IONPs could be expand to be used as effective T1 CAs by improving q value, extending τs, and optimizing interface structure. Environment responsive MRI CAs have been developed to improve the diagnosis accuracy. Introducing other imaging contrast moiety into IONPs could increase the contrast efficiency. Optimizing in vivo behavior of IONPs have been proved to enlarge the signal difference between normal tissue and lesion.
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2
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Metal Oxide Nanoparticles as Biomedical Materials. Biomimetics (Basel) 2020; 5:biomimetics5020027. [PMID: 32521669 PMCID: PMC7345077 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics5020027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of new nanomaterials with high biomedical performance and low toxicity is essential to obtain more efficient therapy and precise diagnostic tools and devices. Recently, scientists often face issues of balancing between positive therapeutic effects of metal oxide nanoparticles and their toxic side effects. In this review, considering metal oxide nanoparticles as important technological and biomedical materials, the authors provide a comprehensive review of researches on metal oxide nanoparticles, their nanoscale physicochemical properties, defining specific applications in the various fields of nanomedicine. Authors discuss the recent development of metal oxide nanoparticles that were employed as biomedical materials in tissue therapy, immunotherapy, diagnosis, dentistry, regenerative medicine, wound healing and biosensing platforms. Besides, their antimicrobial, antifungal, antiviral properties along with biotoxicology were debated in detail. The significant breakthroughs in the field of nanobiomedicine have emerged in areas and numbers predicting tremendous application potential and enormous market value for metal oxide nanoparticles.
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3
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Zhou Z, Yang L, Gao J, Chen X. Structure-Relaxivity Relationships of Magnetic Nanoparticles for Magnetic Resonance Imaging. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1804567. [PMID: 30600553 PMCID: PMC6392011 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201804567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been extensively explored as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. With the increasing complexity in the structure of modern MNPs, the classical Solomon-Bloembergen-Morgan and the outer-sphere quantum mechanical theories established on simplistic models have encountered limitations for defining the emergent phenomena of relaxation enhancement in MRI. Recent progress in probing MRI relaxivity of MNPs based on structural features at the molecular and atomic scales is reviewed, namely, the structure-relaxivity relationships, including size, shape, crystal structure, surface modification, and assembled structure. A special emphasis is placed on bridging the gaps between classical simplistic models and modern MNPs with elegant structural complexity. In the pursuit of novel MRI contrast agents, it is hoped that this review will spur the critical thinking for design and engineering of novel MNPs for MRI applications across a broad spectrum of research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- † State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
- ‡ Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Lijiao Yang
- † State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jinhao Gao
- † State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, The Key Laboratory for Chemical Biology of Fujian Province, and Department of Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- ‡ Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Roca AG, Gutiérrez L, Gavilán H, Fortes Brollo ME, Veintemillas-Verdaguer S, Morales MDP. Design strategies for shape-controlled magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:68-104. [PMID: 30553951 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Ferrimagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (magnetite or maghemite) have been the subject of an intense research, not only for fundamental research but also for their potentiality in a widespread number of practical applications. Most of these studies were focused on nanoparticles with spherical morphology but recently there is an emerging interest on anisometric nanoparticles. This review is focused on the synthesis routes for the production of uniform anisometric magnetite/maghemite nanoparticles with different morphologies like cubes, rods, disks, flowers and many others, such as hollow spheres, worms, stars or tetrapods. We critically analyzed those procedures, detected the key parameters governing the production of these nanoparticles with particular emphasis in the role of the ligands in the final nanoparticle morphology. The main structural and magnetic features as well as the nanotoxicity as a function of the nanoparticle morphology are also described. Finally, the impact of each morphology on the different biomedical applications (hyperthermia, magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery) are analysed in detail. We would like to dedicate this work to Professor Carlos J. Serna, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, ICMM/CSIC, for his outstanding contribution in the field of monodispersed colloids and iron oxide nanoparticles. We would like to express our gratitude for all these years of support and inspiration on the occasion of his retirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro G Roca
- Dept. Energía, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (ICN2), CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, Bellaterra, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Lucía Gutiérrez
- Dept. Energía, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain; Dept. Química Analítica, Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón, Universidad de Zaragoza and CIBER-BBN, E-50018 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Helena Gavilán
- Dept. Energía, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Maria Eugênia Fortes Brollo
- Dept. Energía, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer
- Dept. Energía, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Del Puerto Morales
- Dept. Energía, Medio Ambiente y Salud, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid, CSIC, Cantoblanco, E-28049 Madrid, Spain.
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5
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Ahmad F, Zhou Y. Pitfalls and Challenges in Nanotoxicology: A Case of Cobalt Ferrite (CoFe 2O 4) Nanocomposites. Chem Res Toxicol 2017; 30:492-507. [PMID: 28118545 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology is developing at a rapid pace with promises of a brilliant socio-economic future. The apprehensions of vivid future involvement with nanotechnology make nanoobjects ubiquitous in the macroscopic world of humans. Nanotechnology helps us to visualize the new mysterious horizons in engineering, sophisticated electronics, environmental remediation, biosensing, and nanomedicine. In all these hotspots, cobalt ferrite (CoFe) nanoparticles (NPs) are outstanding contestants because of their astonishing controllable physicochemical and magnetic properties with ease of synthesis methods. The extensive use of CoFe NPs may result in CoFe NPs easily penetrating the human body unintentionally by ingestion, inhalation, adsorption, etc. and intentionally being instilled into the human body during biomedical diagnostics and treatment. After being housed in the human body, it might induce oxidative stress, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, inflammation, apoptosis, and developmental, metabolic and hormonal abnormalities. In this review, we compiled the toxicity knowledge of CoFe NPs aimed to provide the safe usage of this breed of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farooq Ahmad
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032, China.,State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Material Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University , 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- College of Chemical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology , Hangzhou 310032, China.,Research Center of Analysis and Measurement, Zhejiang University of Technology , 18 Chaowang Road, Hangzhou 310032, China
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6
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Smith CE, Lee J, Seo Y, Clay N, Park J, Shkumatov A, Ernenwein D, Lai MH, Misra S, Sing CE, Andrade B, Zimmerman SC, Kong H. Worm-Like Superparamagnetic Nanoparticle Clusters for Enhanced Adhesion and Magnetic Resonance Relaxivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:1219-1225. [PMID: 27989109 PMCID: PMC10977606 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b10891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Nanosized bioprobes that can highlight diseased tissue can be powerful diagnostic tools. However, a major unmet need is a tool with adequate adhesive properties and contrast-to-dose ratio. To this end, this study demonstrates that targeted superparamagnetic nanoprobes engineered to present a worm-like shape and hydrophilic packaging enhance both adhesion efficiency to target substrates and magnetic resonance (MR) sensitivity. These nanoprobes were prepared by the controlled self-assembly of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) into worm-like superstructures using glycogen-like amphiphilic hyperbranched polyglycerols functionalized with peptides capable of binding to defective vasculature. The resulting worm-like SPION clusters presented binding affinity to the target substrate 10-fold higher than that of spherical ones and T2 molar MR relaxivity 3.5-fold higher than that of conventional, single SPIONs. The design principles discovered for these nanoprobes should be applicable to a range of other diseases where improved diagnostics are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cartney E. Smith
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - JuYeon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Yongbeom Seo
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Nicholas Clay
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jooyeon Park
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Artem Shkumatov
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Dawn Ernenwein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Mei-Hsiu Lai
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Sanjay Misra
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, United States
| | - Charles E. Sing
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Brenda Andrade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Steven C. Zimmerman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Hyunjoon Kong
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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7
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Pandit A, Zeugolis DI. Twenty-five years of nano-bio-materials: have we revolutionized healthcare? Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:985-7. [PMID: 27092982 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.16.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Pandit
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
| | - Dimitrios I Zeugolis
- Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Medical Devices (CÚRAM), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland.,Regenerative, Modular & Developmental Engineering Laboratory (REMODEL), Biomedical Sciences Building, National University of Ireland Galway (NUI Galway), Galway, Ireland
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8
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Davis K, Cole B, Ghelardini M, Powell BA, Mefford OT. Quantitative Measurement of Ligand Exchange with Small-Molecule Ligands on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles via Radioanalytical Techniques. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2016; 32:13716-13727. [PMID: 27966977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.6b03644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Ligand exchange on the surface of hydrophobic iron oxide nanoparticles is a common method for controlling surface chemistry for a desired application. Furthermore, ligand exchange with small-molecule ligands may be necessary to obtain particles with a specific size or functionality. Understanding to what extent ligand exchange occurs and what factors affect it is important for the optimization of this critical procedure. However, quantifying the amount of exchange may be difficult because of the limitations of commonly used characterization techniques. Therefore, we utilized a radiotracer technique to track the exchange of a radiolabeled 14C-oleic acid ligand with hydrophilic small-molecule ligands on the surface of iron oxide nanoparticles. Iron oxide nanoparticles functionalized with 14C-oleic acid were modified with small-molecule ligands with terminal functional groups including catechols, phosphonates, sulfonates, thiols, carboxylic acids, and silanes. These moieties were selected because they represent the most commonly used ligands for this procedure. The effectiveness of these molecules was compared using both procedures widely found in the literature and using a standardized procedure. After ligand exchange, the nanoparticles were analyzed using liquid scintillation counting (LSC) and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. The labeled and unlabeled particles were further characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) to determine the particle size, hydrodynamic diameter, and zeta potential. The unlabeled particles were characterized via attenuated total reflectance-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) to confirm the presence of the small molecules on the particles and verify the magnetic properties, respectively. Radioanalytical determination of 14C-oleic acid was used to calculate the total amount of oleic acid remaining on the surface of the particles after ligand exchange. The results revealed that the ligand-exchange reactions performed using widely cited procedures did not go to completion. Residual oleic acid remained on the particles after these reactions and the reactions using a standardized protocol. A comparison of the ligand-exchange procedures indicated that the binding moiety, multidenticity, reaction time, temperature, and presence of a catalyst impacted the extent of exchange. Quantification of the oleic acid remaining after ligand exchange revealed a binding hierarchy in which catechol-derived anchor groups displace the most oleic acid on the surface of the nanoparticles and the thiol group displaces the least amount of oleic acid. Thorough characterization of ligand exchange is required to develop nanoparticles suitable for their intended application.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brian Cole
- Department of Chemistry, Henderson State University , Arkadelphia, Arkansas 71999, United States
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9
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Wyss P, Herrera LC, Bouteghmes NS, Sarem M, Reichardt W, Leupold J, Hennig J, Shastri VP. Nanoprobes for Multimodal Visualization of Bone Mineral Phase in Magnetic Resonance and Near-Infrared Optical Imaging. ACS OMEGA 2016; 1:182-192. [PMID: 30023476 PMCID: PMC6044643 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.6b00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Imaging agents with affinity for bone can enable early detection of changes to bone mineral density, which is a hallmark of many bone-associated pathologies such as Paget's disease and osteoporosis. Here, we report the development of a polymer nanoparticle (NP)-based multimodal imaging probe that enables visualization of bone mineral phase in near-infrared (NIR) optical tomography and detection in T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide was first encapsulated in NPs derived by blending poly(dl-lactic-co-glycolic acid)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PLGA-PEG) with N-hydroxysuccinimide functionalized-PLGA (NHS-PLGA). Postmodification of NHS surface functionality on the NPs with alendronic acid (Aln), a bone-targeting ligand, yielded stable ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (USPIONs) containing NPs that exhibit good serum stability and favorable cytocompatibility. These post-Aln-modified NPs exhibit 8- to 10-fold higher affinity for synthetic and biogenic hydroxyapatite in comparison to NPs where Aln was introduced before NP formation and shorten the T2 relaxation times in both agarose phantoms and fresh spongy bone, thus enabling the interrogation of bone mineral phase in T2-MRI. Finally, by introducing an NIR-dye-modified PLGA during the NP formation step, NP probes that enable the visualization of bone mineral phase in both NIR optical tomography and MRI have been realized. The system presented herein meets many of the criteria for clinical translation and therefore opens new opportunities for bone imaging and targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep
P. Wyss
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan Meier
Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Laura C. Herrera
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan Meier
Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nel S. Bouteghmes
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan Meier
Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Université
Pierre et Marie Curie, 4 Place Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Melika Sarem
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan Meier
Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Helmholtz
Virtual Institute on Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- BIOSS
− Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Wilfried Reichardt
- German
Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Radiology-Medical
Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Leupold
- Radiology-Medical
Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jürgen Hennig
- Radiology-Medical
Physics, University Medical Center Freiburg, Breisacher Strasse 60a, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - V. Prasad Shastri
- Institute
for Macromolecular Chemistry, University
of Freiburg, Stefan Meier
Strasse 31, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Helmholtz
Virtual Institute on Multifunctional Biomaterials for Medicine, Kantstrasse 55, 14513 Teltow, Germany
- BIOSS
− Centre for Biological Signaling Studies, University of Freiburg, Schänzlestrasse 18, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
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