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Minier L, Bertucci F, Gay T, Chamot Z, Turco T, Schligler J, Mills SC, Vidal M, Parmentier E, Sturny V, Mathevon N, Beauchaud M, Lecchini D, Médoc V. Behavioural response to boat noise weakens the strength of a trophic link in coral reefs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 361:124770. [PMID: 39159719 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.124770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 08/07/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
In oceans, the noise generated by human activities has reached phenomenal proportions, with considerable harmful effects on marine life. Measuring this impact to achieve a sustainable balance for highly vulnerable marine ecosystems, such as coral reefs, is a critical environmental policy objective. Here, we demonstrate that anthropogenic noise alters the interactions of a coral reef fish with its environment and how this behavioural response to noise impairs foraging. In situ observations on the Moorea reef revealed that the damselfish Dascyllus emamo reacts to boat passage by moving closer to its coral bommie, considerably reducing the volume of water available to search for prey. Using boat noise playback experiments in microcosms, we studied D. emamo's behaviour and modeled its functional response (FR), which is the relationship between resource use and resource density, when feeding on juvenile shrimps. Similar to field observations, noise reduced D. emamo's spatial occupancy, accompanied by a lower FR, indicating a reduction in predation independent of prey density. Overall, noise-induced behavioural changes are likely to influence predator-prey interaction dynamics and ultimately the fitness of both protagonists. While there is an urgent need to assess the effect of anthropogenic noise on coral reefs, the ecological framework of the FR approach combined with behavioural metrics provides an essential tool for evaluating the cascading effects of noise on nested ecological interactions at the community level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana Minier
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia; Polynésienne des Eaux, Vitale, Bora-Bora, French Polynesia.
| | - Frédéric Bertucci
- UMR MARBEC, University of Montpellier, CNRS, IFREMER, IRD, Sète, France
| | - Tamatoa Gay
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Zoé Chamot
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Théophile Turco
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, University of Saint-Etienne, CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, Inserm UMR_S 1028, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Jules Schligler
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Suzanne C Mills
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia; Laboratoire d'Excellence "CORAIL", Perpignan, France; Institut universitaire de France, France
| | - Manuel Vidal
- Institut de Neurosciences de la Timone, UMR 7289, Aix-Marseille Université, CNRS, Marseille, France
| | - Eric Parmentier
- Laboratory of Functional and Evolutionary Morphology, Freshwater and Oceanic Science Unit of Research, allée du 6 août B6c, University of Liege, 4000, Liege, Belgium
| | - Vincent Sturny
- Polynésienne des Eaux, Vitale, Bora-Bora, French Polynesia
| | - Nicolas Mathevon
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, University of Saint-Etienne, CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, Inserm UMR_S 1028, Saint-Etienne, France; Institut universitaire de France, France; Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, CHArt Lab, PSL University, Paris, France
| | - Marilyn Beauchaud
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, University of Saint-Etienne, CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, Inserm UMR_S 1028, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - David Lecchini
- PSL Research University: EPHE-UPVD-CNRS, UAR 3278 CRIOBE, Moorea, French Polynesia
| | - Vincent Médoc
- ENES Bioacoustics Research Laboratory, University of Saint-Etienne, CRNL, CNRS UMR 5292, Inserm UMR_S 1028, Saint-Etienne, France
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2
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Lazarus M, Belmaker J. A review of seascape complexity indices and their performance in coral and rocky reefs. Methods Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/2041-210x.13557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mai Lazarus
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
| | - Jonathan Belmaker
- School of Zoology George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
- The Steinhardt Museum of Natural History Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel
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3
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Size-specific recolonization success by coral-dwelling damselfishes moderates resilience to habitat loss. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17016. [PMID: 33046807 PMCID: PMC7550353 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-73979-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing degradation of coral reef ecosystems and specifically, loss of corals is causing significant and widespread declines in the abundance of coral reef fishes, but the proximate cause(s) of these declines are largely unknown. Here, we examine specific responses to host coral mortality for three species of coral-dwelling damselfishes (Dascyllus aruanus, D. reticulatus, and Pomacentrus moluccensis), explicitly testing whether these fishes can successfully move and recolonize nearby coral hosts. Responses of fishes to localized coral loss was studied during population irruptions of coral feeding crown-of-thorns starfish, where starfish consumed 29 (34%) out of 85 coral colonies, of which 25 (86%) were occupied by coral-dwelling damselfishes. Damselfishes were not tagged or individually recognizable, but changes in the colonization of different coral hosts was assessed by carefully assessing the number and size of fishes on every available coral colony. Most damselfishes (> 90%) vacated dead coral hosts within 5 days, and either disappeared entirely (presumed dead) or relocated to nearby coral hosts. Displaced fishes only ever colonized corals already occupied by other coral-dwelling damselfishes (mostly conspecifics) and colonization success was strongly size-dependent. Despite movement of damselfishes to surviving corals, the local abundance of coral-dependent damselfishes declined in approximate accordance with the proportional loss of coral habitat. These results suggest that even if alternative coral hosts are locally abundant, there are significant biological constraints on movement of coral-dwelling damselfishes and recolonization of alternative coral habitats, such that localized persistence of habitat patches during moderate or patchy disturbances do not necessarily provide resilience against overall habitat loss.
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4
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Chen CT, Robitzch V, Sturaro N, Lepoint G, Berumen ML, Frédérich B. ‘Homemade’: the phenotypic diversity of coral reef damselfish populations is driven by the local environment. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/biolinnean/blz049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ting Chen
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Robitzch
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y Evolutivas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, E Pugin, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Nicolas Sturaro
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Gilles Lepoint
- Laboratoire d’Océanologie, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Michael L Berumen
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Bruno Frédérich
- Laboratoire de Morphologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive, FOCUS, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
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5
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Kent MIA, Burns AL, Figueira WF, Mazue GPF, Porter AG, Wilson ADM, Ward AJW. Risk balancing through selective use of social and physical information: a case study in the humbug damselfish. J Zool (1987) 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. I. A. Kent
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. L. Burns
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- Taronga Conservation Society Australia Mosman NSW Australia
| | - W. F. Figueira
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - G. P. F. Mazue
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. G. Porter
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
| | - A. D. M. Wilson
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
- School of Biological and Marine Sciences University of Plymouth Plymouth UK
| | - A. J. W. Ward
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences University of Sydney Sydney NSW Australia
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6
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Branconi R, Wong MYL, Buston PM. Comparison of efficiency of direct observations by scuba diver and indirect observations via video camera for measuring reef-fish behaviour. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2019; 94:489-497. [PMID: 30719714 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigates how the humbug damselfish Dascyllus aruanus, subject of a large number of ecological, evolutionary and behavioural studies, responds to the presence of human observers (effect of scuba diver presence-absence) and how the method of data collection (directly by a scuba diver v. indirectly via video camera) may affect the quality of behavioural data. Scuba diver presence had only subtle effects on fish behaviour. The efficiency of the method of scoring fish behaviour depended on the behaviour under consideration: those behaviours that occur in close proximity to the corals were scored more effectively directly by a scuba diver while those that are performed in a more rapid or repetitive fashion were scored more effectively indirectly via video camera. These results provide a foundation for future behavioural research on D. aruanus and other fishes where scuba divers or video cameras are the prevalent means of data collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Branconi
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Marian Y L Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter M Buston
- Department of Biology and Marine Program, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Ciotti BJ, Planes S. Within-generation consequences of postsettlement mortality for trait composition in wild populations: An experimental test. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:2550-2561. [PMID: 30891199 PMCID: PMC6405511 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.4911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 11/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a critical need to understand patterns and causes of intraspecific variation in physiological performance in order to predict the distribution and dynamics of wild populations under natural and human-induced environmental change. However, the usual explanation for trait differences, local adaptation, fails to account for the small-scale phenotypic and genetic divergence observed in fishes and other species with dispersive early life stages. We tested the hypothesis that local-scale variation in the strength of selective mortality in early life mediates the trait composition in later life stages. Through in situ experiments, we manipulated exposure to predators in the coral reef damselfish Dascyllus aruanus and examined consequences for subsequent growth performance under common garden conditions. Groups of 20 recently settled D. aruanus were outplanted to experimental coral colonies in Moorea lagoon and either exposed to natural predation mortality (52% mortality in three days) or protected from predators with cages for three days. After postsettlement mortality, predator-exposed groups were shorter than predator-protected ones, while groups with lower survival were in better condition, suggesting that predators removed the longer, thinner individuals. Growth of both treatment groups was subsequently compared under common conditions. We did not detect consequences of predator exposure for subsequent growth performance: Growth over the following 37 days was not affected by the prior predator treatment or survival. Genotyping at 10 microsatellite loci did indicate, however, that predator exposure significantly influenced the genetic composition of groups. We conclude that postsettlement mortality did not have carryover effects on the subsequent growth performance of cohorts in this instance, despite evidence for directional selection during the initial mortality phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Ciotti
- Laboratoire d'excellence "CORAIL"USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD CRIOBEPerpignanFrance
- School of Biological and Marine SciencesUniversity of PlymouthPlymouthUK
| | - Serge Planes
- Laboratoire d'excellence "CORAIL"USR 3278 CNRS‐EPHE‐UPVD CRIOBEPerpignanFrance
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8
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Branconi R, Garner JG, Buston PM, Wong MYL. A New Non-Invasive Technique for Temporarily Tagging Coral Reef Fishes. COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/ot-18-057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Branconi
- Boston University, Department of Biology, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; (RB) ; (JGG) garner@ bu.edu; and (PMB) . Send reprint requests to RB
| | - James G. Garner
- Boston University, Department of Biology, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; (RB) ; (JGG) garner@ bu.edu; and (PMB) . Send reprint requests to RB
| | - Peter M. Buston
- Boston University, Department of Biology, 5 Cummington Mall, Boston, Massachusetts 02215; (RB) ; (JGG) garner@ bu.edu; and (PMB) . Send reprint requests to RB
| | - Marian Y. L. Wong
- Centre for Sustainable Ecosystems Solutions, School of Biological Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;
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Wismer S, Tebbett SB, Streit RP, Bellwood DR. Spatial mismatch in fish and coral loss following 2016 mass coral bleaching. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 650:1487-1498. [PMID: 30308835 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 09/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Record-breaking temperatures between 2015 and 2016 led to unprecedented pan-tropical bleaching of scleractinian corals. On the Great Barrier Reef (GBR), the effects were most pronounced in the remote, northern region, where over 90% of reefs exhibited bleaching. Mass bleaching that results in widespread coral mortality represents a major disturbance event for reef organisms, including reef fishes. Using 133 replicate 1 m2 quadrats, we quantified short-term changes in coral communities and spatially associated reef fish assemblages, at Lizard Island, Australia, in response to the 2016 mass bleaching event. Quadrats were spatially matched, permitting repeated sampling of fish and corals in the same areas: before, during and 6 months after mass bleaching. As expected, we documented a significant decrease in live coral cover. Subsequent decreases in fish abundance were primarily driven by coral-associated damselfishes. However, these losses, were relatively minor (37% decrease), especially compared to the magnitude of Acropora loss (>95% relative decrease). Furthermore, at a local, 1 m2 scale, we documented a strong spatial mismatch between fish and coral loss. Post-bleaching fish losses were not highest in quadrats that experienced the greatest loss of live coral. Nor were fish losses associated with a proliferation of cyanobacteria. Several sites did, however, exhibit increases in fish abundance suggesting substantial spatial movements. These results challenge common assumptions and emphasize the need for caution when ascribing causality to observed patterns of fish loss at larger spatial scales. Our results highlight the potential for short-term resilience to climate change, in fishes, through local migration and habitat plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Wismer
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Sterling B Tebbett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - Robert P Streit
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia
| | - David R Bellwood
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies and College of Science and Engineering, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD 4811, Australia.
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Sakanoue R, Sakai Y. Dual social structures in harem-like colony groups of the coral-dwelling damselfish Dascyllus reticulatus depending on body size and sheltering coral structures. J ETHOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s10164-019-00584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Garcia-Herrera N, Ferse SCA, Kunzmann A, Genin A. Mutualistic damselfish induce higher photosynthetic rates in their host coral. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 220:1803-1811. [PMID: 28515171 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.152462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Coral reefs are amongst the most diverse ecosystems on Earth where complex inter-specific interactions are ubiquitous. An example of such interactions is the mutualistic relationship between damselfishes and branching corals in the Northern Red Sea, where the fish use corals as shelter and provide them with nutrients, enhance the flow between their branches, and protect them from predators. By enhancing the flow between the coral branches, the fish ventilate the coral's inner zone, mitigating hypoxic conditions that otherwise develop within that zone during the night. Here, we tested, for the first time, the effects of the damselfish Dascyllus marginatus on photosynthesis and respiration in its host coral Stylophora pistillata Laboratory experiments using an intermittent-flow respirometer showed that the presence of fish between the coral branches under light conditions augmented the coral's photosynthetic rate. No effect on the coral's respiration was found under dark conditions. When a fish was allowed to enter the inner zone of a dead coral skeleton, its respiration was higher than when it was in a live coral. Field observations indicated that damselfish were present between coral branches 18-34% of the time during daylight hours and at all times during the night. Considering the changes induced by the fish together with the proportion of time they were found between coral branches in the field, the effect of the fish amounted to an augmentation of 3-6% of the coral's daily photosynthesis. Our findings reveal a previously unknown positive contribution of coral-dwelling fish to their host's photosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Garcia-Herrera
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) Bremen GmbH, Fahrenheitstraße 6, Bremen 28359, Germany .,Faculty of Biology & Chemistry (FB2), University of Bremen, PO Box 33 04 40, Bremen 28334, Germany
| | - Sebastian C A Ferse
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) Bremen GmbH, Fahrenheitstraße 6, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Andreas Kunzmann
- Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT) Bremen GmbH, Fahrenheitstraße 6, Bremen 28359, Germany
| | - Amatzia Genin
- The Interuniversity Institute for Marine Sciences of Eilat, PO Box 469, Eilat 88103, Israel.,Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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12
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Site fidelity facilitates pair formation in aggregations of coral reef cardinalfish. Oecologia 2017; 186:425-434. [DOI: 10.1007/s00442-017-4018-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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13
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Phillips GAC, How MJ, Lange JE, Marshall NJ, Cheney KL. Disruptive colouration in reef fish: does matching the background reduce predation risk? J Exp Biol 2017; 220:1962-1974. [DOI: 10.1242/jeb.151480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Animals use disruptive colouration to prevent detection or recognition by potential predators or prey. Highly contrasting elements within colour patterns, including vertical or horizontal bars, are thought to be effective at distracting attention away from body form and reducing detection likelihood. However, it is unclear whether such patterns need to be a good match to the spatial characteristics of the background to gain cryptic benefits. We tested this hypothesis using the iconic vertically barred humbug damselfish, Dascyllus aruanus (Linneaus 1758), a small reef fish that lives among the finger-like projections of branching coral colonies. Using behavioural experiments, we demonstrated that the spatial frequency of the humbug pattern does not need to exactly match the spatial frequency of the coral background to reduce the likelihood of being attacked by two typical reef fish predators: slingjaw wrasse, Epibulus insidiator (Pallas 1770), and coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus (Lacépède 1802). Indeed, backgrounds with a slightly higher spatial frequency than the humbug body pattern provided more protection from predation than well-matched backgrounds. These results were consistent for both predator species, despite differences in their mode of foraging and visual acuity, which was measured using anatomical techniques. We also showed that a slight mismatch in the orientation of the vertical bars did not increase the chances of detection. However, the likelihood of attack did increase significantly when the bars were perpendicular to the background. Our results provide evidence that fish camouflage is more complex than it initially appears, with likely many factors influencing the detection likelihood of prey by relevant predators.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martin J. How
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TQ, UK
| | - Julia E. Lange
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - N. Justin Marshall
- Queensland Brain Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Karen L. Cheney
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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14
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Gallagher AJ, Brandl SJ, Stier AC. Intraspecific variation in body size does not alter the effects of mesopredators on prey. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2016; 3:160414. [PMID: 28083093 PMCID: PMC5210675 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.160414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 11/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
As humans continue to alter the species composition and size structure of marine food webs, it is critical to understand size-dependent effects of predators on prey. Yet, how shifts in predator body size mediate the effect of predators is understudied in tropical marine ecosystems, where anthropogenic harvest has indirectly increased the density and size of small-bodied predators. Here, we combine field surveys and a laboratory feeding experiment in coral reef fish communities to show that small and large predators of the same species can have similar effects. Specifically, surveys show that the presence of a small predator (Paracirrhites arcatus) was correlated with lower chances of prey fish presence, but these correlations were independent of predator size. Experimental trials corroborated the size-independent effect of the predator; attack rates were indistinguishable between small and large predators, suggesting relatively even effects of hawkfish in various size classes on the same type of prey. Our results indicate that the effects of small predators on coral reefs can be size-independent, suggesting that variation in predator size-structure alone may not always affect the functional role of these predators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin J. Gallagher
- Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Miami, FL,USA
- Beneath the Waves, Inc., Miami, FL 33133, USA
| | - Simon J. Brandl
- Beneath the Waves, Inc., Miami, FL 33133, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - Adrian C. Stier
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology, University of California, SantaBarbara, CA 93106,USA
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15
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Booth DJ. Ability to home in small site-attached coral reef fishes. JOURNAL OF FISH BIOLOGY 2016; 89:1501-1506. [PMID: 27324974 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The ability of two common, site-attached coral-reef fishes to return to their home corals after displacement was investigated in a series of field experiments at One Tree Island, southern Great Barrier Reef. The humbug Dascyllus aruanus was displaced up to 250 m, with 42% of individuals returning home, irrespective of body size, displacement, direction (up or across currents) and route complexity, while for the lemon damselfish Pomacentrus moluccensis 35% of individuals returned overall, with 33% from the greatest displacement, 100 m along a reef edge. Given that the home range of both species is <1 m(2) , over their 10+ year life span, the mechanisms and motivations for such homing ability are unclear but it may allow resilience if fishes are displaced by storm events, allowing rapid return to home corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Booth
- School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123, Broadway, NSW, 2007, Australia
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16
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Kim JH, Yoon JD, Song HB, Jang MH. Home range and habitat use of translocated endangered species,Cottus koreanus, in South Korea. Anim Cells Syst (Seoul) 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19768354.2016.1165286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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17
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Militz TA, Kinch J, Foale S, Southgate PC. Fish Rejections in the Marine Aquarium Trade: An Initial Case Study Raises Concern for Village-Based Fisheries. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0151624. [PMID: 26963259 PMCID: PMC4786313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0151624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A major difficulty in managing wildlife trade is the reliance on trade data (rather than capture data) to monitor exploitation of wild populations. Collected organisms that die or are rejected before a point of sale often go unreported. For the global marine aquarium trade, identifying the loss of collected fish from rejection, prior to export, is a first step in assessing true collection levels. This study takes a detailed look at fish rejections by buyers before export using the Papua New Guinea marine aquarium fishery as a case study. Utilizing collection invoices detailing the species and quantity of fish (Actinopteri and Elasmobranchii) accepted or rejected by the exporting company it was determined that, over a six month period, 24.2% of the total fish catch reported (n = 13,886) was rejected. Of the ten most collected fish families, rejection frequency was highest for the Apogonidae (54.2%), Chaetodontidae (26.3%), and Acanthuridae (18.2%) and lowest for Labridae (6.6%) and Hemiscylliidae (0.7%). The most frequently cited reasons for rejection were fin damage (45.6% of cases), undersized fish (21.8%), and fish deemed too thin (11.1%). Despite fishers receiving feedback on invoices explaining rejections, there was no improvement in rejection frequencies over time (r = -0.33, P = 0.15) with weekly rejection frequencies being highly inconsistent (range: 2.8% to 79.4%; s = 16.3%). These findings suggest that export/import statistics can greatly underestimate collection for the marine aquarium trade as additional factors such as fisher discards, escapees, post-collection mortalities, and unregulated domestic trade would further contribute to this disparity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thane A. Militz
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Jeff Kinch
- National Fisheries College, National Fisheries Authority, Kavieng, Papua New Guinea
| | - Simon Foale
- Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, College of Arts, Society & Education, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Paul C. Southgate
- Australian Centre for Pacific Islands Research and Faculty of Science, Health, Education and Engineering, University of the Sunshine Coast, Maroochydore, Australia
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Coker DJ, Hoey AS, Wilson SK, Depczynski M, Graham NAJ, Hobbs JPA, Holmes TH, Pratchett MS. Habitat Selectivity and Reliance on Live Corals for Indo-Pacific Hawkfishes (Family: Cirrhitidae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0138136. [PMID: 26529406 PMCID: PMC4631501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0138136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hawkfishes (family: Cirrhitidae) are small conspicuous reef predators that commonly perch on, or shelter within, the branches of coral colonies. This study examined habitat associations of hawkfishes, and explicitly tested whether hawkfishes associate with specific types of live coral. Live coral use and habitat selectivity of hawkfishes was explored at six locations from Chagos in the central Indian Ocean extending east to Fiji in the Pacific Ocean. A total of 529 hawkfishes from seven species were recorded across all locations with 63% of individuals observed perching on, or sheltering within, live coral colonies. Five species (all except Cirrhitus pinnulatus and Cirrhitichthys oxycephalus) associated with live coral habitats. Cirrhitichthys falco selected for species of Pocillopora while Paracirrhites arcatus and P. forsteri selected for both Pocillopora and Acropora, revealing that these habitats are used disproportionately more than expected based on the local cover of these coral genera. Habitat selection was consistent across geographic locations, and species of Pocillopora were the most frequently used and most consistently selected even though this coral genus never comprised more than 6% of the total coral cover at any of the locations. Across locations, Paracirrhites arcatus and P. forsteri were the most abundant species and variation in their abundance corresponded with local patterns of live coral cover and abundance of Pocilloporid corals, respectively. These findings demonstrate the link between small predatory fishes and live coral habitats adding to the growing body of literature highlighting that live corals (especially erect branching corals) are critically important for sustaining high abundance and diversity of fishes on coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darren J. Coker
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Red Sea Research Center, Division of Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Andrew S. Hoey
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - Shaun K. Wilson
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Australia
| | - Martial Depczynski
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Australian Institute of Marine Science, Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Nicholas A. J. Graham
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Paul A. Hobbs
- Department of Environment and Agriculture, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Thomas H. Holmes
- Oceans Institute, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
- Marine Science Program, Department of Parks and Wildlife, Perth, Australia
| | - Morgan S. Pratchett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
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Resurrection of Indian Ocean humbug damselfish, Dascyllus abudafur (Forsskål) from synonymy with its Pacific Ocean sibling, Dascyllus aruanus (L.). C R Biol 2014; 337:709-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Liu SYV, Chang FT, Borsa P, Chen WJ, Dai CF. Phylogeography of the humbug damselfish,Dascyllus aruanus(Linnaeus, 1758): evidence of Indo-Pacific vicariance and genetic differentiation of peripheral populations. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Yin Vanson Liu
- Institute of Oceanography; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of California; Charles E. Young Drive Los Angeles CA 90095 USA
| | - Feng-Ting Chang
- Institute of Oceanography; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Philippe Borsa
- Institut de recherche pour le développement c/o Indonesian Biodiversity Center; Jl Raya Sesetan Denpasar 80228 Indonesia
| | - Wei-Jen Chen
- Institute of Oceanography; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
| | - Chang-Feng Dai
- Institute of Oceanography; National Taiwan University; 1 Roosevelt Road Sec. 4 Taipei 10617 Taiwan
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Mann RP, Herbert-Read JE, Ma Q, Jordan LA, Sumpter DJT, Ward AJW. A model comparison reveals dynamic social information drives the movements of humbug damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus). J R Soc Interface 2013; 11:20130794. [PMID: 24152812 PMCID: PMC3836321 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2013.0794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Animals make use a range of social information to inform their movement decisions. One common movement rule, found across many different species, is that the probability that an individual moves to an area increases with the number of conspecifics there. However, in many cases, it remains unclear what social cues produce this and other similar movement rules. Here, we investigate what cues are used by damselfish (Dascyllus aruanus) when repeatedly crossing back and forth between two coral patches in an experimental arena. We find that an individual's decision to move is best predicted by the recent movements of conspecifics either to or from that individual's current habitat. Rather than actively seeking attachment to a larger group, individuals are instead prioritizing highly local and dynamic information with very limited spatial and temporal ranges. By reanalysing data in which the same species crossed for the first time to a new coral patch, we show that the individuals use static cues in this case. This suggests that these fish alter their information usage according to the structure and familiarity of their environment by using stable information when moving to a novel area and localized dynamic information when moving between familiar areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Mann
- Mathematics Department, Uppsala University, , Uppsala, Sweden
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22
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Pratchett MS, Coker DJ, Jones GP, Munday PL. Specialization in habitat use by coral reef damselfishes and their susceptibility to habitat loss. Ecol Evol 2012; 2:2168-80. [PMID: 23139876 PMCID: PMC3488668 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Revised: 06/13/2012] [Accepted: 06/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
While it is generally assumed that specialist species are more vulnerable to disturbance compared with generalist counterparts, this has rarely been tested in coastal marine ecosystems, which are increasingly subject to a wide range of natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Habitat specialists are expected to be more vulnerable to habitat loss because habitat availability exerts a greater limitation on population size, but it is also possible that specialist species may escape effects of disturbance if they use habitats that are generally resilient to disturbance. This study quantified specificity in use of different coral species by six coral-dwelling damselfishes (Chromis viridis, C. atripectoralis, Dascyllus aruanus, D. reticulatus, Pomacentrus moluccensis, and P. amboinensis) and related habitat specialization to proportional declines in their abundance following habitat degradation caused by outbreaks of the coral eating starfish, Acanthaster planci. The coral species preferred by most coral-dwelling damselfishes (e.g., Pocillopora damicornis) were frequently consumed by coral eating crown-of-thorns starfish, such that highly specialized damselfishes were disproportionately affected by coral depletion, despite using a narrower range of different coral species. Vulnerability of damselfishes to this disturbance was strongly correlated with both their reliance on corals and their degree of habitat specialization. Ongoing disturbances to coral reef ecosystems are expected, therefore, to lead to fundamental shifts in the community structure of fish communities where generalists are favored over highly specialist species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan S Pratchett
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, James Cook University Townsville, Queensland, Q4811, Australia
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23
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Turgeon K, Kramer DL. Compensatory immigration depends on adjacent population size and habitat quality but not on landscape connectivity. J Anim Ecol 2012; 81:1161-1170. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2012.01990.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Devine BM, Munday PL, Jones GP. Homing ability of adult cardinalfish is affected by elevated carbon dioxide. Oecologia 2011; 168:269-76. [PMID: 21800059 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2081-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 07/06/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The levels of carbon dioxide (CO(2)) predicted for the oceans by the end of this century have recently been shown to impair olfactory discrimination in larval fishes. However, whether this disruption extends to olfactory-mediated behaviour in adult fishes is unknown. In many fishes, adult survival and reproduction can be critically dependent upon navigation to home sites. We tested the effects that near-future levels of CO(2) (550, 700 or 950 ppm) have on the ability of adult five-lined cardinalfish, Cheilodipterus quinquelineatus, to home to their diurnal resting sites after nocturnal feeding. Cardinalfish exposed to elevated CO(2) exhibited impaired ability to distinguish between odours of home- versus foreign-site conspecifics in pair-wise choice experiments. A displacement experiment demonstrated that fish from all CO(2) treatments displayed a 22-31% reduction in homing success compared with control fish when released at 200 m from home sites. While CO(2)-exposed cardinalfish released directly back onto home sites exhibited similar site fidelity to control subjects, behaviour at home sites was affected, with CO(2)-exposed fish exhibiting increased activity levels and venturing further from shelter. This study demonstrates that the potential disruption of chemosensory mechanisms in fishes due to rising CO(2) levels in the ocean extend to critical adult behaviours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brynn M Devine
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies, and School of Marine and Tropical Biology, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
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25
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Predicting local population distributions around a central shelter based on a predation risk-growth trade-off. Ecol Modell 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2011.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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26
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Ritz DA, Hobday AJ, Montgomery JC, Ward AJW. Social aggregation in the pelagic zone with special reference to fish and invertebrates. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2011; 60:161-227. [PMID: 21962752 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-385529-9.00004-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aggregations of organisms, ranging from zooplankton to whales, are an extremely common phenomenon in the pelagic zone; perhaps the best known are fish schools. Social aggregation is a special category that refers to groups that self-organize and maintain cohesion to exploit benefits such as protection from predators, and location and capture of resources more effectively and with greater energy efficiency than could a solitary individual. In this review we explore general aggregation principles, with specific reference to pelagic organisms; describe a range of new technologies either designed for studying aggregations or that could potentially be exploited for this purpose; report on the insights gained from theoretical modelling; discuss the relationship between social aggregation and ocean management; and speculate on the impact of climate change. Examples of aggregation occur in all animal phyla. Among pelagic organisms, it is possible that repeated co-occurrence of stable pairs of individuals, which has been established for some schooling fish, is the likely precursor leading to networks of social interaction and more complex social behaviour. Social network analysis has added new insights into social behaviour and allows us to dissect aggregations and to examine how the constituent individuals interact with each other. This type of analysis is well advanced in pinnipeds and cetaceans, and work on fish is progressing. Detailed three-dimensional analysis of schools has proved to be difficult, especially at sea, but there has been some progress recently. The technological aids for studying social aggregation include video and acoustics, and have benefited from advances in digitization, miniaturization, motion analysis and computing power. New techniques permit three-dimensional tracking of thousands of individual animals within a single group which has allowed novel insights to within-group interactions. Approaches using theoretical modelling of aggregations have a long history but only recently have hypotheses been tested empirically. The lack of synchrony between models and empirical data, and lack of a common framework to schooling models have hitherto hampered progress; however, recent developments in this field offer considerable promise. Further, we speculate that climate change, already having effects on ecosystems, could have dramatic effects on aggregations through its influence on species composition by altering distribution ranges, migration patterns, vertical migration, and oceanic acidity. Because most major commercial fishing targets schooling species, these changes could have important consequences for the dependent businesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Ritz
- School of Zoology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Australia.
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27
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Frédérich B, Lehanse O, Vandewalle P, Lepoint G. Trophic Niche Width, Shift, and Specialization of Dascyllus aruanus in Toliara Lagoon, Madagascar. COPEIA 2010. [DOI: 10.1643/ce-09-031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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28
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Holzberg S. Beobachtungen zur Ökologie und zum Sozialverhalten des Korallenbarsches Dascyllus marginatus Rüppell (Pisces; Pomacentridae)1)2. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1973.tb02112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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29
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Coates D. Some Observations on the Sexuality of Humbug Damselfish, Dascyllus aruanus (Pisces, Pomacentridae) in the Field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1982.tb00328.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Coates D. The Discrimination of and Reactions towards Predatory and Non-predatory Species of Fish by Humbug Damselfish,Dascyllus aruanus(Pisces, Pomacentridae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1980.tb00722.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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31
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FRÉDÉRICH BRUNO, SHEETS HDAVID. Evolution of ontogenetic allometry shaping giant species: a case study from the damselfish genus Dascyllus (Pomacentridae). Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8312.2009.01336.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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BUSTON PETERM, FAUVELOT CÉCILE, WONG MARIANYL, PLANES SERGE. Genetic relatedness in groups of the humbug damselfishDascyllus aruanus: small, similar-sized individuals may be close kin. Mol Ecol 2009; 18:4707-15. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2009.04383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gonadal development and an indication of functional protogyny in the Indian damselfish (Dascyllus carneus). J Zool (1987) 2006. [DOI: 10.1017/s0952836903003418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Pittman SJ, McAlpine CA. Movements of marine fish and decapod crustaceans: process, theory and application. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2003; 44:205-294. [PMID: 12846043 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2881(03)44004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Many marine species have a multi-phase ontogeny, with each phase usually associated with a spatially and temporally discrete set of movements. For many fish and decapod crustaceans that live inshore, a tri-phasic life cycle is widespread, involving: (1) the movement of planktonic eggs and larvae to nursery areas; (2) a range of routine shelter and foraging movements that maintain a home range; and (3) spawning migrations away from the home range to close the life cycle. Additional complexity is found in migrations that are not for the purpose of spawning and movements that result in a relocation of the home range of an individual that cannot be defined as an ontogenetic shift. Tracking and tagging studies confirm that life cycle movements occur across a wide range of spatial and temporal scales. This dynamic multi-scale complexity presents a significant problem in selecting appropriate scales for studying highly mobile marine animals. We address this problem by first comprehensively reviewing the movement patterns of fish and decapod crustaceans that use inshore areas and present a synthesis of life cycle strategies, together with five categories of movement. We then examine the scale-related limitations of traditional approaches to studies of animal-environment relationships. We demonstrate that studies of marine animals have rarely been undertaken at scales appropriate to the way animals use their environment and argue that future studies must incorporate animal movement into the design of sampling strategies. A major limitation of many studies is that they have focused on: (1) a single scale for animals that respond to their environment at multiple scales or (2) a single habitat type for animals that use multiple habitat types. We develop a hierarchical conceptual framework that deals with the problem of scale and environmental heterogeneity and we offer a new definition of 'habitat' from an organism-based perspective. To demonstrate that the conceptual framework can be applied, we explore the range of tools that are currently available for both measuring animal movement patterns and for mapping and quantifying marine environments at multiple scales. The application of a hierarchical approach, together with the coordinated integration of spatial technologies offers an unprecedented opportunity for researchers to tackle a range of animal-environment questions for highly mobile marine animals. Without scale-explicit information on animal movements many marine conservation and resource management strategies are less likely to achieve their primary objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- S J Pittman
- Landscape Ecology Group, Department of Geographical Sciences and Planning, Ecology Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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36
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Bradbury C, Green JM, Bruce-Lockhart M. Home ranges of female cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Labridae), as determined by ultrasonic telemetry. CAN J ZOOL 1995. [DOI: 10.1139/z95-151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A fixed hydrophone array tracking system was used to study the use of space by sexually mature female cunner, Tautogolabrus adspersus (Walbaum, 1792). Ultrasonic transmitters attached externally through the dorsal musculature of eight females ranging in length from 194 to 250 mm provided 107 days of tracking data. Home-range areas varied from 300 to 2353 m2. Females utilized space disproportionately within their home-range boundaries, spending 60% of the time in 24–32% of their home-range area. Home ranges were significantly larger in the afternoon than in the morning and exhibited significant seasonal variation in size. Home-range size was not influenced by the state of the tide, and percent cloud cover and seawater temperature, individually, accounted for < 3.3% of the variance in home-range sizes. Changing energy requirements associated with spawning and overwintering torpor appeared to play a more important role than reproductive behaviour per se in determining home-range size.
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Tolimieri N. Effects of microhabitat characteristics on the settlement and recruitment of a coral reef fish at two spatial scales. Oecologia 1995; 102:52-63. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00333310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/1994] [Accepted: 11/03/1994] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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38
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Shapiro DY. Variation of group composition and spatial structure with group size in a sex-changing fish. Anim Behav 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(88)80257-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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40
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Katzir G. Visual aspects of species recognition in the damselfish Dascyllus aruanus L. (Pisces, Pomacentridae). Anim Behav 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(81)80019-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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41
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Katzir G. Aggression by the damselfish Dascyllus aruanus L. Towards conspecifics and heterospecifics. Anim Behav 1981. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(81)80018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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42
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43
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Apparent effect of prior experience on a habitat preference exhibited by the reef fish, Dascyllus aruanus (Pisces: Pomacentridae). Anim Behav 1971. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-3472(71)80005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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