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Clack T, Brittain M, Turton D. Oral histories and the impact of archaeological fieldwork in contact encounters: meeting Socrates on the Omo. JOURNAL OF THE ROYAL ANTHROPOLOGICAL INSTITUTE 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1467-9655.12694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Clack
- St Peter's College; University of Oxford; New Inn Hall Street, Oxford OX1 2DL UK
| | - Marcus Brittain
- Cambridge Archaeological Unit; University of Cambridge; 34A Storeys Way, Cambridge CB3 0DT UK
| | - David Turton
- African Studies Centre; University of Oxford; 13 Bevington Road, Oxford OX2 6LH UK
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de Pinho JR, Grilo C, Boone RB, Galvin KA, Snodgrass JG. Influence of aesthetic appreciation of wildlife species on attitudes towards their conservation in Kenyan agropastoralist communities. PLoS One 2014; 9:e88842. [PMID: 24551176 PMCID: PMC3925186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0088842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of human aesthetic appreciation of animal species on public attitudes towards their conservation and related decision-making has been studied in industrialized countries but remains underexplored in developing countries. Working in three agropastoralist communities around Amboseli National Park, southern Kenya, we investigated the relative strength of human aesthetic appreciation on local attitudes towards the conservation of wildlife species. Using semi-structured interviewing and free listing (n = 191) as part of a mixed methods approach, we first characterized local aesthetic judgments of wildlife species. With a Generalized Linear Mixed Models (GLMM) approach, we then determined the influence of perceiving four species as beautiful on local support for their protection ("rescuing them"), and of perceiving four other species as ugly on support for their removal from the area, while controlling for informant personal and household socioeconomic attributes. Perceiving giraffe, gazelles and eland as beautiful is the strongest variable explaining support for rescuing them. Ugliness is the strongest variable influencing support for the removal of buffalo, hyena, and elephant (but not lion). Both our qualitative and quantitative results suggest that perceptions of ugly species could become more positive through direct exposure to those species. We propose that protected areas in developing countries facilitate visitation by local residents to increase their familiarity with species they rarely see or most frequently see in conflict with human interests. Since valuing a species for its beauty requires seeing it, protected areas in developing countries should connect the people who live around them with the animals they protect. Our results also show that aesthetic appreciation of biodiversity is not restricted to the industrialized world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Roque de Pinho
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Centro de Administração e Políticas Públicas, Instituto Superior de Ciências Sociais e Políticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- * E-mail:
| | - Clara Grilo
- Department of Conservation Biology, Estación Biológica de Doñana-Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Seville, Spain
- Department of Biology & Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Randall B. Boone
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Sustainability, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Kathleen A. Galvin
- Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
- Department of Anthropology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey G. Snodgrass
- Department of Anthropology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
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Abstract
AbstractThis paper examines the contribution of cross-cultural studies to our understanding of the perception and representation of space. A cross-cultural survey of the basic difficulties in understanding pictures—ranging from the failure to recognise a picture as a representation to the inability to recognise the object represented in the picture— indicates that similar difficulties occur in pictorial and nonpictorial cultrues. The experimental work on pictorial space derives from two distinct traditions: the study of picture perception in “remote” populations and the study of the perceptual illusions. A comprison of the findings on pictorial space perception with those on real space perceptual illusions. A comparison of findings on pictorial space perception with those on real space perception and perceptual constancy suggersts that cross-cultural differences in the perception of both real and representational space involve two different types of skills: those related exclusively to either real space or representational space, and those related to both. Different cultural groups use different skills to perform the same perceptual tasks.
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Abstract
As part of the more general issue of whether culture can affect perception, the present paper addresses the Whorfian question of whether the language available to describe perceptual experience can influence the experience itself. It investigated the effect of vocabulary on perceptual classification by the study of a remote culture (Himba) which possesses a poor colour vocabulary but a rich vocabulary of animal pattern terms. Thus, the present study examined Categorical Perception (CP) with a type of visual stimulus not previously used to assess the effect of labels on perceptual judgments. For the animal patterns, the Whorfian view predicted that it would only be the Himba who showed superiority for cross-category decisions as only they have the appropriate labels. The Whorfian view was upheld and confirmed previous findings that linked perceptual differences to labelling differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Goldstein
- Department of Psychology, Goldsmiths, University of London, London, UK
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FUKUI K. Why do people prefer diversified selection? Cattle coat-color and sorghum variation. TROPICS 1994. [DOI: 10.3759/tropics.3.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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(Largely) unicultural psychologists in multicultural space. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cultural determination of picture space: The acid test. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x0002450x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Things and pictures of things: Are perceptual processes invariant across cultures? Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Plea for more exploration of cross-cultural cognitive space. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Is pictorial space “perceived” as real space? Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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On the rationale for cross-cultural research. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Cross-cultural research in perception: The missing theoretical perspective. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Images, depth cues, and cross-cultural differences in perception. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x0002433x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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The representation of space: In the 2/3i of the beholder. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Comparative cognition of spatial representation. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Perceptions in perspective. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Cross-cultural research needs crossfertilisation. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Variations in pictorial culture. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Whither cross-cultural perception? Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Real space and represented space: Crosscultural convergences. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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The archaeology of space: Real and representational. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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What you see isn't always what you know. Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Different skills or different knowledge? Behav Brain Sci 1989. [DOI: 10.1017/s0140525x00024407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Deregowski J. Cross-Cultural Psychology: An Eclectic and Idiosyncratic View. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 1982. [DOI: 10.1177/008124638201200201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The paper argues that cross-cultural psychology is not a discipline within the broad field of psychology but an approach to the subject. It describes briefly some of the applications of this approach to the studies of perception and traces the effects and possible effects of these on psychology in general and on further crosscultural works. Although applications of psychology are recognized as important, the paper is primarily concerned with theoretical issues and draws especial attention to the benefits which may accrue from symbiosis between cross-cultural psychology and ethnography. Some of the hostile reactions which cross-cultural psychology occasionally provokes are briefly dealt with.
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