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Franke A, Sequenc AF, Sembdner P, Seidler A, Matschke JB, Leonhardt H. Three-dimensional measurements of symmetry for the mandibular ramus. Ann Anat 2024; 253:152229. [PMID: 38367950 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2024.152229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study examines a sample of patients presenting for viscerocranial computer tomography that does not display any apparent signs of asymmetry, assesses the three-dimensional congruency of the mandibular ramus, and focuses on differences in age and gender. METHODS This cross-sectional cohort study screened viscerocranial CT data of patients without deformation or developmental anomalies. Segmentations were obtained from the left and right sides and superimposed according to the best-fit alignment. Comparisons were made to evaluate three-dimensional congruency and compared between subgroups according to age and gender. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty-eight patients were screened, and one hundred patients met the inclusion criteria. There were no statistical differences between the left and right sides of the mandibular ramus. Also, there were no differences between the subgroups. The overall root mean square was 0.75 ± 0.15 mm, and the mean absolute distance from the mean was 0.54 ± 0.10 mm. CONCLUSION The mean difference was less than one millimetre, far below the two-millimetre distance described in the literature that defines relative symmetry. Our study population displays a high degree of three-dimensional congruency. Our findings help to understand that there is sufficient three-dimensional congruency of the mandibular ramus, thus contributing to facilitating CAD-CAM-based procedures based on symmetry for this specific anatomic structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Franke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Philipp Sembdner
- Chair of Virtual Product Development, Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Seidler
- Chair of Virtual Product Development, Institute of Machine Elements and Machine Design, TU Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Bernard Matschke
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany
| | - Henry Leonhardt
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus Dresden, Germany
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Akleyin E, Yavuz Y, Yardımeden A. Three-Dimensional Modeling and Quantitative Assessment of Mandibular Volume in Ectodermal Dysplasia: A Case Series. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:528. [PMID: 38674174 PMCID: PMC11051706 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60040528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ectodermal dysplasia (ED)-a genetic disorder-is characterized by severe tooth deficiency. We compared the mandibular volume and the sagittal and horizontal mandibular widths between patients with ED (ED group) and individuals without tooth deficiency (control group) using three-dimensional modeling. We hypothesized that the mandibular volume differs in ED cases owing to congenital tooth deficiency. Materials and Methods: We used previously obtained cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 13 patients with ED. The control group data comprised retrospective CBCT images of patients of similar age and sex with a skeletal relationship of class 1. Further, using the three-dimensional image analysis software, the tooth crowns were separated from the mandible, the mandible was reconstructed and the gonion-to-gonion distance in the mandible was marked, the distance to the menton point was measured, and the distance between the two condyles was measured and compared with the control group. Results: Overall, 46.2% and 53.8% of the participants were men and women, respectively. In the ED group, the mean age of the participants was 15.46 (range, 6-24) years, and the mean number of mandibular teeth was 4.62. Notably, the edentulous mandible volume of the ED group (27.020 mm3) was statistically significantly smaller than that of the control group (49.213 mm3) (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of the marked points. For data analysis, the Shapiro-Wilk test, independent samples t-test, and Mann-Whitney U test were used. Conclusions: It has been considered that mandible volume does not develop in ED cases because of missing teeth. Modern practices, such as the CBCT technique and three-dimensional software, may be effective in identifying the true morphologic features, especially in patients with genetic syndromes affecting the maxillofacial structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ebru Akleyin
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21010, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Yavuz
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Harran University, Urfa 63000, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yardımeden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Dicle University, Diyarbakır 21010, Turkey
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Olbrisch C, Santander P, Moser N, Klenke D, Meyer-Marcotty P, Quast A. Three-dimensional mandibular characteristics in skeletal malocclusion : A cross-sectional study. J Orofac Orthop 2024; 85:134-145. [PMID: 36018344 PMCID: PMC10879264 DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00419-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to comprehensively analyse a possible correlation between skeletal malocclusions, gender and mandibular characteristics in all three dimensions in adults and to identify mandibular characteristics that are typical for extreme skeletal patterns. METHODS A 3D model of the skull was calculated in 111 adult patients (mean age = 27.0 ± 10.2 years; 49 women, 62 men) from available computed tomography or cone beam computed tomography scans of their heads. Based on the 3D models, the skeletal patterns were examined in (a) the transversal dimension regarding asymmetry according to menton deviation, (b) the sagittal dimension according to the Wits appraisal and (c) the vertical dimension according to the maxillomandibular plane angle. The mandibular characteristics assessed were linear (ramus height and width, body length), angular (ramus, gonial and body angle) and volumetric (ramus/mandibular volume, body/mandibular volume) parameters. RESULTS No correlation between transversal skeletal asymmetry and mandibular characteristics were found, while sagittal (F(16, 174) = 3.32, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.23) and vertical (F(16, 174) = 3.18, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.23) skeletal patterns were shown to have a significant effect on the mandible. Gender correlated with mandibular characteristics independently from the skeletal pattern. Discriminant analysis revealed that class II and III patients differed in ramus and body angle with class II patients showing higher angles (ramus angle: class II = 89.8 ± 3.9° vs. class III = 84.4 ± 4.8°; body angle: class II = 87.7 ± 4.8° vs. class III = 82.1 ± 5.2°). Hypo- and hyperdivergent patients were discriminated by gonial angle, body angle and body/mandibular volume with hyperdivergent patients having a greater gonial and body angle and body/mandibular volume (gonial angle: hypodivergent = 114 ± 9.3° vs. hyperdivergent = 126.4 ± 8.6°; body angle: hypodivergent = 82.9 ± 4.4° vs. hyperdivergent = 87.7 ± 6.5°; body/mandibular volume: hypodivergent = 72.4 ± 2.7% vs. hyperdivergent = 76.2 ± 2.6%). CONCLUSION When analysing 3D data for treatment planning of adult patients, the orthodontist should pay attention to angular and volumetric characteristics of the mandible to identify extreme skeletal sagittal or vertical malocclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolin Olbrisch
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany.
- Department of Orthodontics, University of Marburg, Georg-Voigt-Str. 3, 35039, Marburg, Germany.
| | - Petra Santander
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Norman Moser
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Daniela Klenke
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Philipp Meyer-Marcotty
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Anja Quast
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch-Str. 40, 37075, Goettingen, Germany
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Miranda-Viana M, Moreira GM, de Souza LM, Nejaim Y, Haiter-Neto F, Freitas DQ. Tridimensional assessment of the mandibular angle in patients with different skeletal patterns by cone-beam computed tomography scans: a retrospective study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:361. [PMID: 37271800 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03074-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the muscles of chewing are involved in the region of the mandibular angle, important structures in surgical and orthodontic procedures, to study its morphological aspects and the possible influence of different patterns of skeletal development would be of interest. Thus, this study aimed to assess the influence of patient characteristics - such as sex, skeletal malocclusion (Class I, Class II, and Class III) and facial type (brachycephalic, mesocephalic, and dolichocephalic) - on the width, height, thickness, and volume of the mandibular angle, using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans. METHODS CBCT scans were assessed - 144 men and 154 women, total of 298 - and classified according to skeletal patterns (skeletal malocclusions and facial types). Width, height, and thickness of the mandibular angle were measured using OnDemand 3D software. The volumetric measures of the mandibular angle were obtained using the ITK-SNAP software. Analysis of Variance (multiway ANOVA) with Tukey's post-hoc test compared the data, with a 5% significance level. RESULTS Among the factors studied, sex significantly influenced all the analyzed variables (height, width, thickness, and volume of the mandibular angle) (p < 0.05); in general, male individuals presented higher values than females. In some cases, the skeletal malocclusion and facial type factors influenced only the width and height variables (p < 0.05); in general, the Class III and dolichocephalic individuals presented higher values in relation to the other types of skeletal malocclusions and facial types. CONCLUSIONS Variations in the craniofacial growth pattern, considering the different skeletal malocclusions and facial types, had some influence in the width and height dimensions of the mandibular angle. Furthermore, sex influenced all the studied variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Murilo Miranda-Viana
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP, 13414-903, Brazil.
| | - Gabriel Mosso Moreira
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Larissa Moreira de Souza
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Yuri Nejaim
- Oral Radiology Area, Dental School, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Francisco Haiter-Neto
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
| | - Deborah Queiroz Freitas
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, Oral Radiology Area, Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, SP, 13414-903, Brazil
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Hikosaka Y, Koizumi S, Kim YI, Adel M, Nadim M, Hikita Y, Yamaguchi T. Comparison of Mandibular Volume and Linear Measurements in Patients with Mandibular Asymmetry. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:diagnostics13071331. [PMID: 37046549 PMCID: PMC10093347 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13071331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with mandibular asymmetry, the volume of the mandible divided by the mandibular median plane is significantly larger on the non-deviated (N-Dev) side than on the deviated (Dev) side. However, it has been reported that there is no significant difference between the volumes of the N-Dev and Dev sides when the mandibular ramus and body are divided. The purpose of this study was to investigate which region is responsible for the volume difference between the N-Dev and Dev sides. Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) images of patients with mandibular asymmetry were analyzed by measuring the volume, and linear analysis of the mandibular body, ramus, and condyle on the N-Dev and Dev side was performed. In this study, CBCT images of 37 patients (8 Japanese, 16 Korean, and 13 Egyptian) aged ≥ 18 years with mandibular asymmetry (men: 20, women: 17) were used to evaluate mandibular asymmetry. In patients with mandibular asymmetry, the N-Dev side showed significantly larger values than the Dev side for both volume and linear condyle, ramus, and mandibular body measurements. These results do not differ according to sex or ethnicity. Therefore, it is suggested that the N-Dev side of mandibular asymmetry is large without any regional specificity in pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hikosaka
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - So Koizumi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- Department of Orthodontics, Pusan National University Dental Hospital, Yangsan 50612, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohamed Adel
- Division of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Mohamed Nadim
- Department of Orthodontics, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Yu Hikita
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka 238-8580, Japan
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Chen Y, Li L, Li Y, Luo N, Dai H, Zhou J. Comprehensive positional and morphological assessments of the temporomandibular joint in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion: a retrospective CBCT study. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:78. [PMID: 36750919 PMCID: PMC9903422 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-02788-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Condyle-fossa relationships in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion remain unclear. Therefore, this study used cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) to evaluate the position and morphology of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion. METHODS In this cross-sectional retrospective study, CBCT images from 90 adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion and 30 controls were analysed. Adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion were divided into different groups based on (1) sex (male and female), (2) sides (right and left), (3) age (early, middle, and late adolescence), and (4) vertical skeletal patterns (hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent). Morphology of the condyle and fossa as well as condylar position, was compared among groups. Data were collected and submitted for statistical analysis. This study adheres to STROBE guidelines. RESULTS Regarding the intergroup comparisons, there were significant differences in TMJ position and morphology between the skeletal Class III malocclusion with different vertical skeletal patterns and control groups (P < 0.05). Within groups, condyle-fossa relationships differed significantly according to sex, age, and vertical skeletal patterns (P < 0.05); however, the mean values were not statistically different between left and right sides in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion. CONCLUSIONS Our findings can be used clinically and radiographically to evaluate the condyle and glenoid fossa features in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion, providing a basis for better TMD diagnosis and orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Chen
- grid.459985.cStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426, Songshi North Road, Chongqing, China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- grid.459985.cStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426, Songshi North Road, Chongqing, China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- grid.459985.cStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426, Songshi North Road, Chongqing, China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Luo
- grid.459985.cStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426, Songshi North Road, Chongqing, China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- grid.459985.cStomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426, Songshi North Road, Chongqing, China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China ,grid.203458.80000 0000 8653 0555Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 426, Songshi North Road, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China. .,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.
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Chen Y, Li Y, Li L, Luo N, Zhang X, Dai H, Zhou J. Evaluation of condyle-fossa relationships in skeletal Class I malocclusion with variable degrees of deep overbite and open bite. Cranio 2022:1-12. [PMID: 36154613 DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2022.2126918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) position and shape between skeletal Class I subjects with different degrees of deep overbite or open bite and unaffected peers. METHODS Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 90 participants, equally divided into deep bite, open bite, and control groups (DBG, OBG, and CG, respectively), were analyzed. The DBG and OBG were further subdivided into three subgroups based on the severity. Linear and angular measurements were used to determine the positional and morphological characteristics of the TMJ. RESULTS DBG showed significantly larger superior joint space, anterior inclination of the condyle, and articular eminence inclination than CG and OBG. The severity of deep bite and open bite significantly influenced the TMJ position and morphology. CONCLUSION In severe deep overbite and open bite cases, there were considerable alterations in TMJ components, most likely as a result of functional demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanxi Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingfeng Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Nan Luo
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoya Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongwei Dai
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianping Zhou
- Department of Orthodontics, Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
- Department of Orthodontics, Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China
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Brockmeyer P, Wiechens B, Sevinc T, Schliephake H, Hahn W. Informational content of two-dimensional panoramic radiographs and lateral cephalometric radiographs with respect to the bone volume of intraoral donor regions considering CBCT imaging. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:318. [PMID: 35907826 PMCID: PMC9339174 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02344-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To test the hypothesis that cephalometric parameters in two-dimensional routine dental radiographs correlate with the bone volume of intraoral bone donor sites. METHODS One-hundred and eight radiographs [36 panoramic radiographs (PRs), 36 lateral cephalometric radiographs (LCRs), and 36 cone-beam computed tomography scans (CBCT)] of 36 patients (all three imaging techniques applied according to the needs of treatment planning), were analyzed individually. Cephalometric parameters (PR and LCR) were correlated with the bone volume measurement in three-dimensional CBCT scans in three intraoral donor sites (chin, mandibular retromolar region, and zygomatic alveolar crest). RESULTS The mean bone volumes measured for the chin were (3.10 ± 1.11 cm³ SD), the mandibular retromolar region (1.66 ± 0.54 cm³ SD), and the zygomatic alveolar crest (0.17 ± 0.04 cm³ SD). Cephalometric parameters were significantly correlated (all p-values < 0.05) with the bone volume in the chin and the mandibular retromolar region. The bone volume of the zygomatic alveolar crest exhibited no correlations (p > 0.05) with cephalometric parameters. However, it was significantly correlated (p < 0.01) with the mandibular retromolar bone volume. No gender-specific differences (p > 0.05) were observed concerning bone volumes in all bone harvesting regions. Nevertheless, the male population's interforaminal distance in the chin region was significantly higher (p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS PRs and LCRs can be used at the initial stage of peri-implant augmentation planning to deduce conclusions about the bone volume in different intraoral bone donor sites. It can help describe indications and justify additional diagnostic options, such as three-dimensional radiologic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillipp Brockmeyer
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, D-37075, Goettingen, Germany.
| | - Bernhard Wiechens
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany
| | | | - Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Medical Center Goettingen, Robert-Koch Str. 40, D-37075, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Wolfram Hahn
- Department of Orthodontics, University Medical Center Goettingen, Goettingen, Germany.,Private Office, Goettingen, Germany
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Volumetric Analysis of the Jaws in Skeletal Class I and III Patients with Different Facial Divergence Using CBCT Imaging. Radiol Res Pract 2022; 2022:2416555. [PMID: 35668737 PMCID: PMC9167144 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2416555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim The main objective was to evaluate any possible maxillary or mandibular volumetric difference between hyperdivergent skeletal Class III (CIII), normodivergent skeletal CIII, hypodivergent skeletal CIII, and normodivergent skeletal Class I (CI) patients using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Also, the secondary objective was to investigate any possible correlation between CBCT-derived lateral cephalometric variables and the mandibular and maxillary volumes (MdV and MxV, respectively). Materials and Methods 80 CBCT images of patients between 18 and 32 years of age were taken with one CBCT imaging device (Scanora 3D®, Soredex, Tuusula, Finland). The sample consisted of four groups: 20 hypodivergent skeletal CIII (11 males and 9 females), 20 normodivergent skeletal CIII (7 males and 13 females), 20 hyperdivergent skeletal CIII (8 males and 12 females), and 20 normodivergent skeletal CI (5 males and 15 females). The volumes of both jaws and the ratio of MxV/MdV were obtained using Mimics™ 19 software (Materialise, NV, Belgium), and 2D variables were obtained from CBCT-derived lateral cephalogram using AudaxCeph™ software (Orthodontic software suite, Ljubljana, Slovenia). One-way ANOVA test and Kruskal–Wallis analysis were employed to detect any possible significant difference between the volumetric variables, whereas Pearson's and Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated to detect any possible relationship between the 2D variables and the volumetric measurements. Results There were no statistically significant differences in the maxillary volume or maxillary/mandibular ratio between the four groups (p=0.081 and 0.432, respectively). There was a significant difference in MdV between CIII hypodivergent (higher mean) and CIII hyperdivergent (p=0.039). There were some correlations between the MdV and 2D variables in the four studied groups especially in the posterior facial height (S-Go) and the facial depth (N-Go). There were some weaker correlations between the MxV and some 2D variables in the CIII hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. Conclusions The mandibular volume of the Class III hypodivergent patient was significantly greater than that of the Class III hyperdivergent patients. Correlations between the maxillary or mandibular volumes were found with some of the 2D variables. The volume of both jaws increased when the maxillofacial complex moved toward a horizontal growth pattern.
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Lentzen MP, Riekert M, Buller J, Grandoch A, Zirk M, Zoeller JE, Kreppel M. A volumetric study of mandibular condyles in orthognathic patients by semiautomatic segmentation. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 26:205-212. [PMID: 34114116 PMCID: PMC9162966 DOI: 10.1007/s10006-021-00976-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose This study was conducted to elucidate volumetric data of mandibular condyles of orthognathic patients by analyzing cone beam computed tomography images based upon semiautomatic segmentation. Methods Cone beam computed tomography images of 87 patients with malocclusions were analyzed in this retrospective study. Patients were between 17 and 53 years old and diagnosed with Angle class I, II, or III malocclusion. By using the validated open-source software “ITK-SNAP,” the volumetric measurements of 174 mandibular condyles were performed. Volumetric analysis was performed according to intra-subject side differences by paired Student t test. In accordance to inter-subject side, gender, age and type of malocclusion differences bivariate analysis and ANOVA were applied. Results The mean volume for the right condyle was 1.378 ± 0.447 cm3, with a maximum of 2.379 cm3 and a minimum of 0.121 cm3. The mean volume for the left side was 1.435 ± 0.474 cm3, with a maximum of 3.264 cm3 and a minimum of 0.109 cm3. Bivariate analysis indicated a highly significant inter-subject difference between the volume of the left and right mandibular condyles (p < 0.01). Females had a significantly smaller condyle volume than males (p < 0.05 left condyle; p < 0.01 right condyle). Conclusion The fact that shape and volume of mandibular condyles show a high susceptibility to pathological alterations and particularly malocclusions makes a precise knowledge about volumetric changes indispensable. Our results show that significant inter-subject differences in condyle volume could be found with respect to the side and gender. Larger volumes could be assessed for the left condyle and for male patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max-Philipp Lentzen
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Maximilian Riekert
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Johannes Buller
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Andrea Grandoch
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Zirk
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Joachim E Zoeller
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
| | - Matthias Kreppel
- Department for Oral and Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, University Hospital Cologne and Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Kerpener Straße 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
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11
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Dong Q, Shi H, Jia Q, Tian Y, Zhi K, Zhang L. Analysis of Three-Dimensional Morphological Differences in the Mandible between Skeletal Class I and Class II with CBCT Fixed-Point Measurement Method. SCANNING 2021; 2021:9996857. [PMID: 34040691 PMCID: PMC8121591 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9996857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was aimed at determining the three-dimensional differences in the mandible morphology between skeletal class I and II patients, at exploring the pathogenic mechanisms and morphological characteristics of skeletal class II, and at providing clinical references. The subjects were assigned to two groups according to the size of ANB angle: skeletal class I (2° < ANB angle < 5°) and skeletal class II (5° < ANB angle < 8°). After cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanning, 31 landmarks and 25 measurement items were determined by In Vivo Dental 5.1 software (Anatomage, CA) for statistical analysis. The results were as follows: Co-Go, Go-Me, and CdM-CdD in skeletal class II cases were smaller than those in skeletal class I, and GoR-Me-GoL, GoR-Me-CoL, and, Ig-Men were larger than those in skeletal class I cases. In conclusion, there were significant differences in the three-dimensional morphology of the mandible between skeletal class I and class II patients. The vertical growth of the ramus, the horizontal growth of the mandibular body, and the condyle in skeletal class II patients were smaller than those in skeletal class I cases. In skeletal class II, the growth of the anterior part of the mandible in the vertical direction was larger than that in skeletal class I, and the shape of the mandible was more extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Dong
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
- School of Stomatology of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
| | - HaoYu Shi
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, 271016 Shandong, China
| | - Qi Jia
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, 271016 Shandong, China
| | - Yueyi Tian
- The Conversationalist Club, School of Stomatology, Shandong First Medical University, Tai'an, 271016 Shandong, China
| | - Keqian Zhi
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266003 Shandong, China
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12
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Takizawa H, Takahashi M, Maki K. Three-Dimensional Assessment of Craniofacial Features in Patients With Down Syndrome During the Mixed Dentition Period: A Case-Control Study. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:177-184. [PMID: 33685243 DOI: 10.1177/1055665621998181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Down syndrome (DS) is a common congenital chromosomal disorder related to trisomy 21. Lateral cephalometric radiography studies have shown that patients with DS have characteristic craniofacial morphology; however, no 3-dimensional analysis studies have been performed to investigate the craniofacial features, including volumetric aspects, of patients with DS. The present study was performed to evaluate the craniofacial features, including volumetric aspects, of patients with DS and to compare these findings with control participants using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 12 patients with DS and 12 control participants. All participants were examined by means of CBCT; the resulting images were used for evaluation of maxillary and mandibular volume, cranial base, and craniofacial measurements. Differences between patients with DS and control participants were statistically analyzed using Student t test. RESULTS Compared to control participants, patients with DS exhibited statistically significant reductions in maxillary and mandibular volumes. Both sagittal and axial cranial base linear measurements were shorter in patients with DS than in control participants. In contrast, the cranial base angle was enhanced in patients with DS, compared with control participants. Moreover, condylion (Co)-gnathion, anterior nasal spine-menton, and Co-subspinale (point A) measurements were shorter in patients with DS than in control participants; the sella-nasion-mandibular plane angle was significantly reduced in patients with DS, compared with control participants. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that patients with DS have distinct skeletal volume and craniofacial morphology features, relative to individuals without DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hideomi Takizawa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masahiro Takahashi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Maki
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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13
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Huqh MZU, Hassan R, Rahman RA, Yusof A, Narmada IB, Ahmad WMAW. The Short-Term Effect of Active Skeletonized Sutural Distractor Appliance on Temporomandibular Joint Morphology of Class III Malocclusion Subjects. Eur J Dent 2021; 15:523-532. [PMID: 33622009 PMCID: PMC8382448 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term effect of active skeletonized sutural distractor (ASSD) appliance on temporomandibular joint morphology of class III malocclusion subjects.
Materials and Methods
This was a prospective interventional study. Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) images of 22 patients were taken before and after treatment by using Planmeca Promax 3D CBCT machine version 2.9.2 (Planmeca OY Helsinki, Finland). The condylar width, height, length, roof of glenoid fossa thickness, and all joint spaces were measured. The condylar position was determined based on Pullinger and Hollander formula. The condylar shape was determined as per Kinzinger et al. The condylar volume was calculated by using Mimics software (Materialize, Belgium).
Statistical Analysis
Data analysis was performed by using SPSS software version 24. Wilcoxon paired signed-rank test was used to compare the difference in temporomandibular joint morphology and condylar volume between pre- and post-treatment measurements. Chi-square test was used to compare the condylar position and shape.
Results
The superior (
p
= 0.000 on the right side,
p
= 0.005 on the left side) and posterior joint spaces (
p
= 0.000 on both sides) were decreased after the treatment, respectively. The condyles were rotated upward and backward, thereby increasing the anterior joint spaces (
p
= 0.000 on both sides) after the treatment. The condylar volume increases after treatment, but no significant differences were observed (
p
= 0.903 on the right side,
p
= 0.062 on the left side).
Conclusion
The significant changes were observed in joint spaces. The condyles were more anteriorly placed before treatment. Condylar position and shape alter in response to ASSD treatment. The condylar volume did not show any significant change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Zahoor Ul Huqh
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Rozita Hassan
- Orthodontic Unit, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Roselinda Abdul Rahman
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Asilah Yusof
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia
| | - Ida Bagus Narmada
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
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14
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周 境, 刘 怡. [Cone-beam CT evaluation of temporomandibular joint in skeletal class Ⅱ female adolescents with different vertical patterns]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 53:109-119. [PMID: 33550344 PMCID: PMC7867994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology and position among skeletal class Ⅱ female adolescents with different vertical patterns using cone-beam CT (CBCT). METHODS Diagnostic CBCT images of 80 female patients aged 11 to 14 years were assessed retrospectively. According to subspinale-nasion-supramental angle (ANB) and Frankfort horizontal plane-gonion-gnathion angle (FH-GoGn), the participants were categorized into four groups (20 subjects each), i.e. class Ⅰ normal angle (group 1, 0°≤ANB < 4°, 22°≤FH-GoGn≤32°), class Ⅱ low (group 2, ANB≥4°, FH-GoGn < 22°), normal (group 3, ANB≥4°, 22°≤FH-GoGn≤32°) and high angle (group 4, ANB≥4°, FH-GoGn > 32°). Cephalometrics, morphology and position of TMJ were measured in Dolphin software. Using paired-samples t test to analyze TMJ symmetry, One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and Chi-square tests to detect differences among the groups. The correlations between cephalometrics and TMJ measurements were also analysed within the skeletal class Ⅱ patients. RESULTS (1) Analysing TMJ morphologic symmetry, some measurements differed statistically although the mean diffe-rences were negligibly relative to their values. No statistically significant difference was found among the groups though group 4 showed the highest probability of condylar position asymmetry (65%). (2) Comparing group 1 with group 3, statistical difference was found in condylar position (χ2=6.936, P < 0.05) instead of morphologic measurements. Anterior and concentric condylar position were more frequently observed in group 1, yet posterior position was more prevalent in group 3. (3) In groups 2, 3, and 4, statistically, group 2 had the deepest glenoid fossa depth (H2&4=10.517, P=0.002), biggest superior (LSD-t2&3=3.408, LSD-t2&4=5.369, P < 0.001) and lateral (LSD-t2&3=2.767, LSD-t2&4=3.350, P=0.001) joint spaces, whereas group 4 showed the shortest condylar long axis diameter (H2&4=13.374, P < 0.001), largest glenoid fossa vertical distance (LSD-t2&4=4.561, P < 0.001, LSD-t3&4=2.713, P=0.007), smallest medial (LSD-t2&4=-4.083, P < 0.001) and middle (LSD-t2&4=-4.201, P < 0.001) joint spaces. The posterior condylar position proportion gradually increased from groups 2 to 3 to 4. Correlation analysis revealed ANB correlated with anterior joint space positively (r=0.270, P=0.037) and condylar long axis angle negatively (r=-0.296, P=0.022). FH-GoGn correlated with superior (r=-0.488, P < 0.001), posterior (r= -0.272, P=0.035), mesial (r=-0.390, P=0.002), middle (r=-0.425, P=0.001), and lateral (r=-0.331, P=0.010) joint spaces, articular eminence inclination (r=-0.259, P=0.046), as well as condylar long axis diameter (r=-0.327, P=0.011) negatively, and glenoid fossa depth (r=0.370, P=0.004) positively. CONCLUSION TMJ characteristics of skeletal class Ⅱ sagittal pattern mainly reflected in condylar position rather than morphology. TMJs of different vertical patterns differed more in joint spaces, position of condyle and glenoid fossa than in morphologic measurements. Vertical position of glenoid fossa and proportion of posterior condyle increased gradually from hypodivergent to hyperdivergent. Highest glenoid fossa position, maximum ratio of posterior positioned condyle, smallest joint spaces, shallowest glenoid fossa depth, and narrowest condylar long axis diameter were found in skeletal class Ⅱ high angle group, which means that patients with this facial type have considerable joint instable factors, and we should especially pay attention when orthodontic treatment is carried out on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- 境 周
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,正畸科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 怡 刘
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,正畸科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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15
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周 境, 刘 怡. [Cone-beam CT evaluation of temporomandibular joint in skeletal class Ⅱ female adolescents with different vertical patterns]. BEIJING DA XUE XUE BAO. YI XUE BAN = JOURNAL OF PEKING UNIVERSITY. HEALTH SCIENCES 2020; 53:109-119. [PMID: 33550344 PMCID: PMC7867994 DOI: 10.19723/j.issn.1671-167x.2021.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphology and position among skeletal class Ⅱ female adolescents with different vertical patterns using cone-beam CT (CBCT). METHODS Diagnostic CBCT images of 80 female patients aged 11 to 14 years were assessed retrospectively. According to subspinale-nasion-supramental angle (ANB) and Frankfort horizontal plane-gonion-gnathion angle (FH-GoGn), the participants were categorized into four groups (20 subjects each), i.e. class Ⅰ normal angle (group 1, 0°≤ANB < 4°, 22°≤FH-GoGn≤32°), class Ⅱ low (group 2, ANB≥4°, FH-GoGn < 22°), normal (group 3, ANB≥4°, 22°≤FH-GoGn≤32°) and high angle (group 4, ANB≥4°, FH-GoGn > 32°). Cephalometrics, morphology and position of TMJ were measured in Dolphin software. Using paired-samples t test to analyze TMJ symmetry, One-way analysis of variance (One-way ANOVA) and Chi-square tests to detect differences among the groups. The correlations between cephalometrics and TMJ measurements were also analysed within the skeletal class Ⅱ patients. RESULTS (1) Analysing TMJ morphologic symmetry, some measurements differed statistically although the mean diffe-rences were negligibly relative to their values. No statistically significant difference was found among the groups though group 4 showed the highest probability of condylar position asymmetry (65%). (2) Comparing group 1 with group 3, statistical difference was found in condylar position (χ2=6.936, P < 0.05) instead of morphologic measurements. Anterior and concentric condylar position were more frequently observed in group 1, yet posterior position was more prevalent in group 3. (3) In groups 2, 3, and 4, statistically, group 2 had the deepest glenoid fossa depth (H2&4=10.517, P=0.002), biggest superior (LSD-t2&3=3.408, LSD-t2&4=5.369, P < 0.001) and lateral (LSD-t2&3=2.767, LSD-t2&4=3.350, P=0.001) joint spaces, whereas group 4 showed the shortest condylar long axis diameter (H2&4=13.374, P < 0.001), largest glenoid fossa vertical distance (LSD-t2&4=4.561, P < 0.001, LSD-t3&4=2.713, P=0.007), smallest medial (LSD-t2&4=-4.083, P < 0.001) and middle (LSD-t2&4=-4.201, P < 0.001) joint spaces. The posterior condylar position proportion gradually increased from groups 2 to 3 to 4. Correlation analysis revealed ANB correlated with anterior joint space positively (r=0.270, P=0.037) and condylar long axis angle negatively (r=-0.296, P=0.022). FH-GoGn correlated with superior (r=-0.488, P < 0.001), posterior (r= -0.272, P=0.035), mesial (r=-0.390, P=0.002), middle (r=-0.425, P=0.001), and lateral (r=-0.331, P=0.010) joint spaces, articular eminence inclination (r=-0.259, P=0.046), as well as condylar long axis diameter (r=-0.327, P=0.011) negatively, and glenoid fossa depth (r=0.370, P=0.004) positively. CONCLUSION TMJ characteristics of skeletal class Ⅱ sagittal pattern mainly reflected in condylar position rather than morphology. TMJs of different vertical patterns differed more in joint spaces, position of condyle and glenoid fossa than in morphologic measurements. Vertical position of glenoid fossa and proportion of posterior condyle increased gradually from hypodivergent to hyperdivergent. Highest glenoid fossa position, maximum ratio of posterior positioned condyle, smallest joint spaces, shallowest glenoid fossa depth, and narrowest condylar long axis diameter were found in skeletal class Ⅱ high angle group, which means that patients with this facial type have considerable joint instable factors, and we should especially pay attention when orthodontic treatment is carried out on them.
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Affiliation(s)
- 境 周
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,正畸科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
| | - 怡 刘
- />北京大学口腔医学院·口腔医院,正畸科 国家口腔疾病临床医学研究中心 口腔数字化医疗技术和材料国家工程实验室 口腔数字医学北京市重点实验室,北京 100081Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing 100081, China
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16
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Loiola MEDA, Fuziy A, Higa RH, Fuziy CHF, Gandini Júnior LG, Costa ALF. In vivo three-dimensional cephalometric landmarks using CBCT for assessment of condylar volume and surface in individuals with Class I, II, and III malocclusions. Cranio 2020:1-6. [DOI: 10.1080/08869634.2020.1857616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Acácio Fuziy
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Northern Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Hitoshi Higa
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, State University of Northern Paraná (UENP), Jacarezinho, Brazil
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17
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García-Díaz R, Arriola-Guillén LE, Aliaga-Del Castillo A, Agudelo-Botero AM, Fiori-Chincaro GA. 2D-3D comparison of the temporomandibular joint in skeletal Class II versus Class I adults: A retrospective study. Int Orthod 2020; 18:784-793. [PMID: 32513609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ortho.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) morphological characteristics in people with Class II versus Class I sagittal skeletal relationship and to identify other factors that influence the TMJ dimensions. MATERIAL AND METHODS This cross-sectional and retrospective study evaluated 188 people divided into two groups, 92 cone-beam computed tomographies (CBCTs) and lateral radiographs (LR) of people with Skeletal class II relationship with Class II division 1 malocclusion versus 96 CBCTs and LR of people with Class I skeletal relationship and Class I malocclusion (controls). The CBCTs included people of both sexes, aged between 15 and 65 years old. The 3D Imaging Carestream Software was used to evaluate the condyle height and neck width, mediolateral and anteroposterior condyle dimensions, the shape of the glenoid fossa and condyle in the CBCTs. Likewise, the ANB angle, the Wits appraisal and other measurements were evaluated on LR. Besides, Mann-Whitney U, Chi2 and multiple linear regression tests were performed. The significance level was set at P˂0.05. RESULTS The mediolateral and anteroposterior condyle dimensions were smaller in class II people (1.82mm and 0.29mm, respectively) than class I people (P<0.05). Likewise, height and neck width of condyle were smaller in class II people (0.73mm and 0.40mm, respectively) than class I people (P<0.05). Multiple linear regression identified mainly the ANB angle as a factor (P<0.05) that influenced the dimensions, decreasing the condyle dimensions in skeletal class II relationship. CONCLUSIONS People with skeletal class II relationship showed smaller condyle dimension values than class I people. A decrease in the dimensions of the eminence and the condyle could be expected when the ANB angle increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosaura García-Díaz
- Universidad Científica del Sur, School of Dentistry, Division of Oral Radiology, Lima, Peru
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18
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Shrestha A, Takahashi M, Yamaguchi T, Adel M, Furuhata M, Hikita Y, Yoshida H, Nakawaki T, Maki K. Three-dimensional evaluation of mandibular volume in patients with cleft lip and palate during the deciduous dentition period. Angle Orthod 2019; 90:85-91. [PMID: 31398065 DOI: 10.2319/112618-831.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between mandibular volume and craniofacial morphology in patients with cleft lip and palate using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and to compare these findings with control (noncleft) patients undergoing CBCT for other purposes during the deciduous dentition period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eighty-four patients were categorized into the unilateral cleft lip and alveolus (UCLA) group (n = 25; mean age, 4.60 ± 0.40 years), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) group (n = 23; mean age, 4.52 ± 0.39 years), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) group (n = 22; mean age, 4.54 ± 0.37 years), and control group without cleft (n = 14; mean age, 5.19 ± 0.52 years). Mandibular volume and craniofacial cephalometric measurements were obtained using CBCT. All measurements were assessed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) using Bonferroni post hoc pairwise comparison tests. RESULTS ANCOVA revealed no statistically significant differences in mandibular volume among the groups. SNA° and ANB° were significantly larger in the UCLA and BCLP groups than in the control group. SN-MP° was smallest in the UCLA group. Co-A in the UCLP group was shorter than in the UCLA and BCLP groups. Go-Gn was shortest in the UCLP and BCLP groups compared with the control group. CONCLUSIONS Three-dimensional evaluation of craniofacial morphology using CBCT can provide valuable information on malocclusion and other dentoskeletal problems among patients with CLP.
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Geometrical parameters of the mandible in 3D CBCT imaging. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2018.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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20
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Hasebe A, Yamaguchi T, Nakawaki T, Hikita Y, Katayama K, Maki K. Comparison of condylar size among different anteroposterior and vertical skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2018; 89:306-311. [PMID: 30475648 DOI: 10.2319/032518-229.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare condylar size among different anteroposterior and vertical skeletal patterns using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). MATERIALS AND METHODS The study included 166 subjects (61 men, mean age: 27.2 ± 7.6 years; 105 women, mean age: 27.4 ± 9.2 years). The anteroposterior skeletal patterns of the subjects were classified into Classes I (-1° ≤ A point-nasion-B point angle [ANB] < 4°), II (ANB ≥ 4°), and III (ANB < -1°). The vertical skeletal patterns were classified into hypodivergent (mandibular plane [MP] ≤ 23°), normodivergent (23° < MP < 30°), and hyperdivergent (MP ≥ 30°) groups. The condylar length, height, and width were examined using CBCT images. Analysis of covariance was used to compare three condylar size measurements among the three anteroposterior groups and the three vertical groups using sex as a covariate. Both left and right sides were examined. Nine groups were further divided according to the anteroposterior and vertical groups, and two-way analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to estimate the composite effect of skeletal patterns in both directions. RESULTS Sex as a covariate showed statistical significance in most examinations. The condylar height on both sides had statistically different anteroposterior skeletal patterns ( P < .001). The condylar width on both sides also had statistically different vertical skeletal patterns ( P < .001). After adjusting for sex, the condylar height and width on both sides increased from Class II, Class I, and Class III. The condylar width on both sides increased from the hypodivergent group, the normodivergent group, and the hyperdivergent group. No composite effect of skeletal patterns in both directions was observed. CONCLUSIONS Condylar height and width considerably differed among subjects with different anteroposterior or vertical skeletal patterns. The anteroposterior or vertical skeletal patterns independently affected the condylar size.
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Hikita Y, Yamaguchi T, Tomita D, Adel M, Nakawaki T, Katayama K, Maki K, Kimura R. Growth hormone receptor gene is related to root length and tooth length in human teeth. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:575-581. [PMID: 29667468 DOI: 10.2319/092917-659.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the relationship between tooth length and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene variants in a healthy Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects consisted of 193 Japanese adults (69 men, 124 women), aged 13 to 56 years. Genomic DNA was extracted from saliva and genotyped GHR rs6184 and rs6180 variants using the Taqman genotyping. Computed tomography (CT) images were acquired using a dental cone-beam CT scanner and reconstructed using open-source OsiriX medical image processing software. The maxillary (upper; U) and mandibular (lower, L) central incisors (1), lateral incisors (2), canines (3), first premolars (4), second premolars (5), first molars (6), and second premolars (7) were evaluated. Teeth were assessed for crown height (CH), root length (RL), overall tooth length (C+R), and crown to root ratio (C/R). The relationships between GHR variants and CH, RL, C+R, and C/R were statistically examined. RESULTS The GHR variant rs6184 was associated with the root lengths and tooth length for the upper and lower lateral incisors and upper canines (U2 RL; U3 RL, C+R; L2 RL [ P < .05]). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that the GHR rs6184 variant is associated with tooth length and ratio dimensions in a Japanese cohort. Further studies utilizing a larger sample size are needed to confirm this finding.
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Hikita Y, Yamaguchi T, Tomita D, Adel M, Nakawaki T, Katayama K, Maki K, Kimura R. Relationship between tooth length and three-dimensional mandibular morphology. Angle Orthod 2018; 88:403-409. [PMID: 29664333 DOI: 10.2319/103017-734.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the relationship between tooth length and three-dimensional mandibular morphology in a healthy Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study included 181 Japanese adults: 66 men and 115 women. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were acquired with a dentofacial cone-beam x-ray CT scanner. Tooth length was measured with open-source OsiriX medical image processing software. Crown height and root length were measured in the maxillary and mandibular central incisors, lateral incisors, canines, first premolars, second premolars, first molars, and second molars. Based on these measurements, principal component (PC) analysis was performed. The following measurements were used to assess three-dimensional mandibular morphology: CD-GO, GO-GN, RCD-LCD, RGO-LGO, RCP-LCP, and the gonial angle. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to examine the associations between three-dimensional mandibular morphology and the patterns of crown and root lengths using the mandibular measurements as explanatory variables and each PC as the dependent variable. RESULTS CD-GO was positively associated with PC1, which represented overall tooth length. RGO-LGO was positively associated with PC2, whereas GO-GN, RCP-LCP, and gonial angle were negatively associated with PC2, which was the axis denoting relatively longer root (+) vs higher crown (-). Being female was associated with PC3, which was the axis denoting relatively longer posterior tooth (+) vs anterior tooth (-). CONCLUSIONS The present clinical study effectively used CBCT images and PC analysis to reveal significant correlations between tooth length and mandibular morphology in a modern human population, confirming in part the statement that "large teeth necessitate large jaws."
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Nakawaki T, Yamaguchi T, Tomita D, Hikita Y, Adel M, Katayama K, Maki K. Evaluation of mandibular volume classified by vertical skeletal dimensions with cone-beam computed tomography. Angle Orthod 2016; 86:949-954. [PMID: 27007754 PMCID: PMC8597327 DOI: 10.2319/103015-732.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between anteroposterior and vertical differences in maxillofacial morphology and mandibular volume. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects comprised 213 Japanese adults (84 males and 129 females) who were divided into three groups based on mandibular basal arch (ANB) and Wits, measured in a cephalometric analysis: Class I (-1° ≤ ANB < 4°,-1 mm ≤ Wits < 0 mm), Class II (ANB ≥ 4°, Wits ≥ 0), and Class III (ANB <-1°, Wits <-1 mm). Subjects were also divided into three groups based on the mandibular plane angle (Mp), as follows: hypodivergent (Mp < 23°), normodivergent (Mp = 23-30°), and hyperdivergent (Mp > 30°) groups. Mandibular volume was measured from cone-beam computed tomographic images that were analyzed using Analyze™ image processing software and compared among the three groups in each classification. RESULTS No significant differences were noted in mandibular volume among Classes I, II, and III. An inverse relationship was found between mandibular volume and Mp, and a significant difference was noted in mandibular volume between the hypodivergent and hyperdivergent groups. CONCLUSIONS In addition to two-dimensional analysis, such as lateral cephalometry, three-dimensional information such as volume, provided by cone-beam computed tomography, contributes to a more detailed assessment of maxillofacial morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takatoshi Nakawaki
- Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsutaro Yamaguchi
- Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomita
- Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yu Hikita
- Student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Adel
- Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koshu Katayama
- Research Assistant, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Maki
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Nakawaki T, Yamaguchi T, Isa M, Kawaguchi A, Tomita D, Hikita Y, Suzuki-Tomoyasu Y, Adel M, Ishida H, Maki K, Kimura R. Growth hormone receptor gene variant and three-dimensional mandibular morphology. Angle Orthod 2016; 87:68-73. [PMID: 27459630 DOI: 10.2319/02316-154.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the relationship between three-dimensional mandibular morphology and growth hormone receptor (GHR) gene variants in a healthy Japanese population. MATERIALS AND METHODS The subjects, who were unrelated Japanese orthodontic patients, consisted of 64 men and 114 women. Using the Taqman genotyping assay, GHR gene rs6184 and rs6180 variants were detected in genomic DNA extracted from saliva. Mandibular volume and length were measured from cone-beam computed tomography images that were analyzed using Analyze image-processing software. The relationship between GHR gene variants and three-dimensional mandibular morphology was statistically examined. RESULTS Statistical significance for the relationship between the distance between the left and right coronoid processes and rs6180 was noted (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the GHR variant rs6180 is associated with the distance between the left and right coronoid process in the Japanese subjects.
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Evaluation of the mandibular volume and correlating variables in patients affected by unilateral and bilateral cleft lip and palate: a cone-beam computed tomography study. Clin Oral Investig 2015; 20:1741-6. [PMID: 26556574 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-015-1651-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of the present study were to evaluate the mandibular volume in patients affected by unilateral (UCLP) and bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP) and to compare the findings with a well-matched normal occlusion sample without cleft. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study sample consisted of 66 patients divided into UCLP (24 patients; mean age, 14.46 ± 3.24 years), BCLP (17 patients; mean age, 14.28 ± 2.85 years), and control (25 patients; mean age, 14.40 ± 2.81 years) groups. The volume of the mandible including the condyle and the roots of the teeth and craniofacial measurements were performed using cone-beam computed tomography and analyzed using the one-way variance analysis and post hoc Tukey's tests. Regression analyses were used to evaluate the relationships of the measurements and the mandibular volume. RESULTS Patients affected by UCLP and BCLP had similar craniofacial features (p > 0.05), including decreased SNB, Co-A, Co-Gn, Co-Go, and Go-Gn and increased ANB and SN-MP measurements compared to the control group. Both UCLP and BCLP groups had decreased values of mandibular volume compared to the normal occlusion group, while these differences were found to be statistically insignificant (p > 0.05). Co-Go (Beta = 0.420; p = 0.014) and Co-Gn variables (Beta = 0.708; p = 0.045) were positively correlated with mandibular volume, while SNB (Beta = -0.669; p = 0.044) and SN-MP (Beta = -0.358; p = 0.049) variables were negatively correlated (R (2) = 60.3 and p = 0.000). CONCLUSION Mandibular volume insignificantly differs in cleft patients (p > 0.05), and the variables of Co-Go, Co-Gn, SNB, and SN-MP significantly correlate with the volume. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This article investigates mandibular volume in patients affected by UCLP and BCLP that has never been investigated in the literature. The present study showed that both UCLP and BCLP groups had insignificantly decreased values of mandibular volume compared to the normal occlusion group.
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