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Al-Jewair T, Michelogiannakis D, Khoo E, Prevost R. Potential Impact of Long COVID-19 on Orthodontic Treatment. Eur J Dent 2024; 18:387-391. [PMID: 37336480 PMCID: PMC10959594 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1768467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pooled estimates indicate about 226 million individuals are currently experiencing or have experienced persistent symptoms from COVID-19. Long COVID-19 (LC) has been associated with a prolonged inflammatory and stress responses in affected individuals. Due to common pathways, LC could impact the biological mechanisms of orthodontic tooth movement, orthodontically-induced inflammatory root resorption and periodontal tissue response of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. The authors of the present report discussed potential biological mechanisms through which LC may influence orthodontic treatment highlighting the need for further research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thikriat Al-Jewair
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
| | - Dimitrios Michelogiannakis
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Edmund Khoo
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, United States
- Department of General Dentistry, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, University of Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Ryan Prevost
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, United States
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Eğlenen MN, Yavan MA. Has the COVID-19 Pandemic Affected Orthodontists' Interest in Various Orthodontic Appliances? Turk J Orthod 2023; 36:216-223. [PMID: 38164005 PMCID: PMC10763601 DOI: 10.4274/turkjorthod.2023.2022.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Objective To determine the changes in orthodontists' interest in various orthodontic appliances during the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Methods A questionnaire probing respondents' interest in orthodontic appliances and techniques, including standard buccal metal brackets, self-ligating brackets, standard ceramic brackets, lingual brackets, clear aligners, orthodontic facemasks, removable functional appliances, fixed functional appliances, orthognathic surgery, orthodontic miniscrews, and lingual retainers, was prepared using Google Forms and then sent to the Turkish Orthodontic Society to invite all members of the society to participate in the survey. Of the 1903 members invited, 230 (response rate, 12.08%) orthodontists completed the questionnaire. Results The respondents' interest in brackets did not change among 70% of the respondents (standard buccal metal bracket 80%, self-ligating bracket 72.2%, standard ceramic bracket 77%, and lingual bracket 76.5%). A significant difference was observed between the genders only about the interest in standard metal brackets and fixed functional appliances (p<0.05 for both). Interest in standard metal brackets decreased as respondents' work experience increased (p<0.05). The interest in self-ligating brackets was higher among respondents with 1-5 years of experience than among other respondents (p<0.05). Interest in self-ligating brackets increased more among lecturers and residents than among clinicians (p<0.05). Conclusion The interest of orthodontists in clear aligners showed the highest increase during the COVID-19 pandemic among all orthodontic appliances, whereas their interest in other appliances, particularly standard buccal metal brackets, did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Merve Nur Eğlenen
- Yeditepe University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Ali Yavan
- Adıyaman University Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Adıyaman, Turkey
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Riekkinen R, Suominen A, Svedström-Oristo AL. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic care in Finland. Acta Odontol Scand 2023; 81:578-585. [PMID: 37319410 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2023.2223635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the measures that were taken to limit the risk of COVID-19 contagion, how the risk of adverse effects on patient treatment outcomes was mitigated in orthodontic practices in Finland during the COVID-19 pandemic, and how these measures affected the course of orthodontic treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS In January 2021, an online questionnaire was sent by email to the members of the Orthodontic Division of the Finnish Dental Association Apollonia (n = 361). An additional inquiry was sent to the chief dental officers of 15 health centers. RESULTS A total of 99 clinically active members (39.8%) responded to the questionnaire. Of them, 97.0% had made changes in their practices, e.g. using additional protective gear such as visors (82.8%), incorporating preoperative mouthwashes (70.7%), and limiting the use of turbines (68.7%) and ultrasonics (47.5%). Two in three respondents reported temporary lockdowns (mean 1.9 months, range 0.3-5.0 months), during which some occlusions slightly regressed (30.2%) and some relapsed to a previous stage of treatment (9.5%). During this study, 59.6% of respondents reported that some treatments were still behind schedule. One in three respondents had used teleorthodontics because of the pandemic. CONCLUSIONS Preventive measures and changes in treatment procedures were implemented according to the local COVID-19 situation. Some treatments were prolonged, e.g. because of lockdowns or patient's fear of contracting COVID-19 whilst receiving treatment. New methods like teleorthodontics were introduced for coping with the increased workload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Auli Suominen
- Department of Community Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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Sipiyaruk K, Kaewsirirat P, Santiwong P. Technology-enhanced simulation-based learning in orthodontic education: A scoping review. Dental Press J Orthod 2023; 28:e2321354. [PMID: 37466506 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.28.3.e2321354.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Technology-enhanced simulations seem to be effective in dentistry, as they can support dental students to improve competencies in simulated environments. However, implementation of this technology in orthodontic education has not been reviewed. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to comprehensively summarize the use of technology-enhanced simulations in orthodontic practice. METHODS A systematic search was conducted to identify literature on technology-enhanced simulation-based learning in orthodontic education published from 2000 to 2021. The search was conducted up to September 2021 to identify articles from Scopus, Embase, PubMed, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, Google Scholar and the reference lists of identified articles. RESULTS The search identified 177 articles. Following the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles of 14 digital simulators were included in this review. The findings demonstrated an increasing use of technology-enhanced simulations in orthodontic education. They were designed in several formats, including three-dimensional virtual format, augmented reality, virtual reality, automaton, haptic, and scenario-based simulations. These simulations were implemented in varied areas of orthodontics including diagnosis and treatment planning, bracket positioning, orthodontic procedures, facial landmark, removable appliance and cephalometric tracing. Most included articles demonstrated the development process without outcome evaluation. Six studies provided outcome evaluations at reaction or learning levels. None of them provide the evaluation at behaviour and results levels. CONCLUSION Insufficient evidence has been generated to demonstrate the effectiveness of technology-enhanced simulations in orthodontic education. However, high-fidelity computer-based simulations together with robust design research should be required to confirm educational impact in orthodontic education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kawin Sipiyaruk
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Bangkok, Thailand)
| | | | - Peerapong Santiwong
- Mahidol University, Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics (Bangkok, Thailand)
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Miao Z, Zhang H, Han Y, Wang L, Wang S. Orthodontic care in orthodontic patients during the COVID-2019 pandemic: emergency, emergency response and orthodontic treatment preference. BMC Oral Health 2023; 23:364. [PMID: 37277764 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03066-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objective of this study was to investigate the characteristics of emergencies and the requirement for emergency treatment after the suspension of orthodontic appointments. The attitude towards orthodontic treatment preference was evaluated as well, including receiving orthodontic treatment and the preference for orthodontic appliances. SUBJECTS AND METHODS An electronic questionnaire was distributed to the patients, including 4 sections: Section 1 - demographic and basic information; Section 2 - the characteristics of emergencies and emergency treatment requirements; Section 3 - the NRS-11 for pain and Manchester Orofacial Pain Disability Scale used to evaluate the intensity of orofacial pain and disability; and Section 4 - attitudes towards receiving orthodontic treatment and appliance preference. Descriptive statistics, Pearson's chi-square test, Wilcoxon's rank-sum test and stepwise generalized linear model (GLM) were performed with significance set at P < 0.05. RESULT Most participants' (91.61%) follow-up appointments were suspended. The emergency rate and emergency treatment requirements were not different between the fixed appliance (FA) and clear aligner (CA) groups. Patients who reported emergencies (P < 0.01) in the FA group (P < 0.05) and some emergencies in the FA (P < 0.05) suffered worse pain and disability. More FA participants preferred alternative appliances (P < 0.05) due to pain and disability (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION FA patients' emergencies caused worse pain and disability when orthodontic appointments were suspended. Pain and disability were not the causes of emergency treatment requirements. The CA group seemed to show a tendency towards orthodontic appliance preference, which was an ideal modality to weather the epidemic, combined with telemedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeyao Miao
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Haijuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yandong Han
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lirong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Shuang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
- Clinical Research Center of Shaanxi Province for Dental and Maxillofacial Diseases, College of Stomatology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Alam MK, Abutayyem H, Kanwal B, Alswairki HJ. Effect of COVID-19 on orthodontic treatment/practice- A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Orthod Sci 2023; 12:26. [PMID: 37351409 PMCID: PMC10282533 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_118_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19), which has affected almost all medical professions, has had a significant negative influence on dental care. Additionally, non-urgent dental procedures were stopped during the epidemic in a number of countries. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the impact of COVID-19 on individuals who had undergone or are currently having orthodontic treatment in any capacity during/after the pandemic's occurrence. After a thorough search of the online journals, a total of 634 documents were found, and 416 of the papers were initially chosen. The removal of 362 similar or duplicate publications that followed led to the initial availability of 54 separate papers. The final selection consisted of 23 documents, mostly in vitro investigations, cross-sectional studies, and comparative evaluations, which satisfied the necessary inclusion and exclusion criteria. COVID-19 had a significant impact on nearly every sphere of the patients' lives who were undergoing orthodontic treatment. However, people who are currently availing of various orthodontic treatment modalities did not experience the same issues as the ones faced by patients earlier. Teleorthodontics emerged as a viable option to access treatment during the lockdown period caused due to the pandemic. COVID-19 also had an overall negative impact on the psyche and morale of orthodontists around the world. PROSPERO Registration Number: CRD42022380823.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Khursheed Alam
- Preventive Dentistry Department, Orthodontic Division, College of Dentistry, Jouf University, Sakaka 72345, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Research Cell, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil lnternational University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, India
| | - Huda Abutayyem
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Center of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, College of Dentistry, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Bushra Kanwal
- Orthodontic Specialist, Practicing in Dental Clinic, AlBaha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Haytham Jamil Alswairki
- Department of Orthodontic, School of Dental Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kota Bharu, Malaysia
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Adeyemi TE, Adekoya MN, Aikins EA. Assessment of the willingness of Nigerian Orthodontists to offer face-to-face orthodontic services to patients infected with Covid-19. Afr Health Sci 2023; 23:51-58. [PMID: 37545907 PMCID: PMC10398480 DOI: 10.4314/ahs.v23i1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Efforts to contain the spread of the COVID-19 disease led to suspension of many services which caused orthodontists to resort to providing only emergency services. The aims of this study were to assess the willingness of Nigerian Orthodontists and Orthodontic resident doctors to treat patients infected with Covid-19 as well as to ascertain advice given regarding traumatic arch wires and aligners during the pandemic. Participants and study design This was a descriptive cross-sectional study. We included dentists who were Orthodontists and orthodontic resident doctors practicing in Nigeria. Data was collected via an online questionnaire (Google form) which was sent three times weekly throughout May/June, 2020 and analysed using SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data. Results Forty-eight out of the 90 members of the WhatsApp group responded within the allotted time, giving a response rate of 53.3%. Out of a total of 48 respondents, 39 (81.3%) were unwilling to treat patients infected with COVID-19 during the pandemic. The major reason was fear of infection with the virus (12, 25.0%). Most of the respondents (41, 55.4%) suggested the use of wax for relief of trauma from arch wires. Conclusion Majority of Orthodontists and orthodontic residents practicing in Nigeria expressed unwillingness to treat patients infected with COVID-19. Aligner therapy was proffered as an alternative to bracket therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tope Emmanuel Adeyemi
- Department of Child Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Bayero University, Kano/ Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano
| | - Monica Ndudi Adekoya
- Department of Child Dental Health, University of Calabar/ University of Calabar Teaching Hospital
| | - Elfleda Angelina Aikins
- Department of Child Dental Health, College of Health Sciences, University of Port Harcourt/ University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital
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Lamb JR, Shroff B, Carrico CK, Sawicki V, Lindauer SJ. Adaptations in orthodontics for current and future coronavirus disease 2019 best practices. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2023:S0889-5406(23)00035-5. [PMID: 36841666 PMCID: PMC9894768 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2022.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to determine adaptations orthodontists made during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic to maintain safety and determine which adaptations will remain after the pandemic. METHODS An original 34-question survey was sent by mail to a randomized selection of practicing orthodontic specialists (n = 1000). Questions included the changes made during the pandemic in 4 categories (infection control, social distancing, appliance type, and teleorthodontics) and whether those changes will remain postpandemic. RESULTS The use of personal protective equipment increased during the pandemic, with a significant decrease anticipated after the pandemic. The most common aerosol modification during the pandemic and predicted after the pandemic was using an assistant with high-volume suction (61% and 49%, respectively; P = 0.0013). Ninety-six percent of orthodontists changed their waiting room protocol during the pandemic, but only 23% plan to continue that practice (P <0.0001). Forty-two percent of orthodontists increased clear aligners during the pandemic in response to patient demand (91%). The use of teleorthodontics increased from 8% to 68% during the pandemic and is expected to decrease significantly postpandemic. Virtual appointments are anticipated to be used for screening and consultations of new patients and monitoring active patients in clear aligners but not fixed appliances. CONCLUSIONS The specialty recommended patient safety modifications during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Postpandemic, enhanced personal protective equipment is expected to decrease, and high-volume suction will likely be continued for aerosol-producing procedures. Teleorthodontics will likely remain in limited use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan R Lamb
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Bhavna Shroff
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va.
| | - Caroline K Carrico
- Department of Dental Public Health and Policy, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Vincent Sawicki
- Department of General Practice, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
| | - Steven J Lindauer
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Va
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Future of Orthodontics-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Emerging Trends in This Field. J Clin Med 2023; 12:jcm12020532. [PMID: 36675459 PMCID: PMC9861462 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12020532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Technology is rapidly evolving in the modern world, and the accompanying developments due to its influence are shaping each and every aspect of our life, with the field of orthodontics being no exception. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to examine such trends in orthodontics and hypothesize which ones would emerge and continue in the near future. After a thorough search of online journals using keywords such as "3D printing," "Aligners," "Artificial intelligence," "Future trends," "Orthodontics," and "Teleorthodontics" across databases of PubMed-MEDLINE, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Scopus, a total of 634 papers were initially recovered. Technological advancements in 3D printing, Computer-aided design and Computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), biopolymers and Teleorthodontics were the most important categories of development seen across the 17 studies that we selected for our review. All the investigations selected for this systematic review depicted aspects of orthodontics that were influenced by rapid technological changes and could potentially become mainstream in the coming times. However, caution was sought to be observed in the usage/adoption of some of these trends, with social media usage amongst both patients as well as orthodontists being a prime example of this.
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Verma S, Bhupali NR, Singh SP, Kumar V, Verma RK. Orthodontic emergencies and mental health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment during COVID-19 pandemic: A questionnaire study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2023; 13:177-185. [PMID: 36573125 PMCID: PMC9773783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on orthodontic treatment and mental health of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment and to compare their mental health with the age-matched control group. Materials and methods 484 orthodontic patients (245 males and 239 females) and 200 age-matched control subjects were divided into two age groups. Group 1 had 14-18 years of adolescents (N = 274) and 100 control participants (Group 2) and Group 3 comprised of 19 years above adults (N = 210) and 100 control participants (Group 4). Group 1 and 3 patients filled the 4 sections of the questionnaire related to orthodontic emergencies (Sections 1-3) and mental distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-Section 4), while groups 2 and 4 were asked to fill only Section-4. The comparison of mental distress on high/low Kessler scores was made using the Chi-Square test/Fisher's exact test. The factors which came out to be significant were put to bivariate logistic regression analysis. Results The percentage of patients with high Kessler scores among Group 1 and Group 3 were 9.9% and 17.2% respectively, and their differences with age-matched control groups were non-significant. The mean differences of Kessler score were significantly higher for Group 3 compared to group 1. The higher Kessler score was associated with age, higher education, a feeling of concern for non-availability of appointments, increased treatment duration, its effect on the quality of treatment, and sabotaging of definitive future plans. Conclusions The orthodontic treatment and emergencies may not be a significant factor contributing to increased stress among patients during the lockdown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjeev Verma
- Unit of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, OHSC, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | | | - Satinder Pal Singh
- Unit of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, OHSC, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India,Corresponding author
| | - Vinay Kumar
- Unit of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, OHSC, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
| | - Raj Kumar Verma
- Unit of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, OHSC, PGIMER, Chandigarh, India
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Rafeeq RA, Saleem AE, Nahidh M, Kadhum AS, Al-Huwaizi AF, Marrapodi MM, Cicciù M, Minervini G. Clinical management and infection control protocols during the COVID-19 pandemic: An online survey. Technol Health Care 2023; 31:1579-1592. [PMID: 37092198 DOI: 10.3233/thc-220909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is considered a highly infectious and life threatening disease. OBJECTIVE The present paper aims to evaluate various aspects of preventive measures and clinical management of the scheduled visits for orthodontic patients to the dental clinics during the outbreak of COVID-19, and to assess how orthodontists dealt with this challenge. METHODS Orthodontists in private and public clinics were invited to fill a questionnaire that addressed infection control protocols and concerns about clinical management of patients in the clinics during the pandemic. Frequncies and percentages of the responses were obtained and compared using Chi-square tests. RESULTS About 77% of those working in private clinics, and 63% of those working in private and governmental clinics performed room disinfection following each patient. In case of patients needing urgent management and have active infection, 56% of the participants provided care under high infection control measures; on the contrary, 64% provided symptomatic intervention including orthodontic wax, analgesics and sometimes mouthwash. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the orthodontic treatments. All pre-cautionary measures have to be made available in the clinic in order to minimize the spread of viral infection with continuous dental health care training.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reem A Rafeeq
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alan E Saleem
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Nahidh
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ammar S Kadhum
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Akram F Al-Huwaizi
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maria Maddalena Marrapodi
- Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialist Surgery, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Marco Cicciù
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences, Morphological and Functional Images, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Minervini
- Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Odontostomatological Specialties, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
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Aghili SS, Pourzal A, Mosaddad SA, Amookhteh S. COVID-19 Risk Management in Dental Offices: A Review Article. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.10927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: As all the dental staff, including nurses and practitioners, are exposed to various routes of contamination due to the novel COVID-19 virus, which is still unknown to the scientific world, developing strategies to reduce the risk of transmission and decontaminate surfaces in a dental office would be of high importance. Although there is still insufficient data on managing this virus in dental offices, several studies have suggested protocols for improving care.
AIM: This study aimed to review present investigations and reach a conclusion on what we know and need to know to combat this virus.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this review, Scopus, PubMed, and MEDLINE databases were searched using the keywords “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” “Medical Disinfectants,” “Personal Protective Equipment’s,” and “Surface Decontamination.” Articles were reviewed, and finally, relevant articles published during 2000–2022 were included in the final paper.
RESULTS: The present research concluded that using a combination of the face shield and N95 masks protected the eyes, nose, and mouth. To have more efficient protection, water-resistant long-sleeved gowns and gloves were highly suggested. To overcome aerosols, high-performance air filters and ultraviolet were found quite effective. Allowing the patient to use antiseptic mouthwash before starting the treatment could reduce oral microorganisms and the following airborne contamination.
CONCLUSION: This review has gathered all available data regarding dentistry and COVID-19 in order to conclude what has been achieved yet in the prevention of this virus through dental offices; however, more investigations are needed to have a definitive protocol against the virus.
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Ghadirian H, Khami MR, Tabatabaei SN, mirhashemi AH, Bahrami R. COVID-19 vaccination and psychological status of Iranian dental students. Front Public Health 2022; 10:946408. [PMID: 36187676 PMCID: PMC9524372 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.946408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The purpose of the present study was to investigate the association of COVID-19 vaccination with the quality and quantity of sleep, the level of stress, and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders (TMDs) in Iranian dental students. Materials and methods In this cross-sectional research, we applied a questionnaire including 30 questions on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), sleep quality and quantity, Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD), and vaccination status. All vaccinated students of the dental schools located in the city of Tehran were invited to participate in the study. Participants were divided into three groups: those vaccinated for less than a month, those vaccinated for 1-3 months, and those vaccinated for more than 3 months. A paired t-test served for statistical analysis. Results Overall, 171 out of 235 students (72.77%) completed the questionnaire, among which 90 individuals were fully vaccinated, and were included in the data analysis. Stress levels decreased (mean difference = -1.23, p-value = 0.002) and sleep quality and quantity improved mostly 1-3 months after the vaccination (mean difference = -0.5, p-value = 0.016). However, TMD symptoms were mostly alleviated in people vaccinated for more than 3 months (mean difference = -2.86, p-value <0.05). In this respect, no significant difference was observed between the two genders. Conclusion According to the results of the study, vaccination was associated with the improvement of psychological consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is recommended that further longitudinal studies be conducted on larger sample sizes and different age groups by using various data collection methods (especially regarding the assessment of TMD).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannaneh Ghadirian
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Khami
- Research Center for Caries Prevention, Dentistry Research Institute, Community Oral Health Department, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Amir Hossein mirhashemi
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rashin Bahrami
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Rashin Bahrami
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The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on total treatment time of fixed appliances. Prog Orthod 2022; 23:42. [PMID: 36066702 PMCID: PMC9446637 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-022-00437-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several aspects of the orthodontic routine seem to have been affected since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2. We aimed to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the duration of fixed orthodontic treatment. Methods This retrospective study evaluated consecutive cases of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment that completed treatment before (n = 37) or during (n = 26) the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of the pandemic on treatment time was adjusted for the patient’s initial age, sex, number of debonds/breakages, number of missing teeth, initial PAR (Peer Assessment Rating) index (T0) and operator (n = 2), through multiple linear regression. The impact generated by months of treatment conducted during the pandemic period was also examined. Seven poorly finished cases were previously excluded, including five finished during the pandemic. Results Although the number of absences/missed appointments of patients treated during the pandemic was four months more than those treated in the previous period (p < 0.001), there was no significant effect of the pandemic on total orthodontic treatment time for both operators. There was also an effect of operator (β = 10.42, p < 0.001) and gender, which was lower in females (β = 4.77, p = 0.03), on treatment time (R2 = 0.27). The other variables showed no significant association (p > 0.05). Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic did not have a significant effect on total orthodontic treatment time, although a greater number of absences/missed appointments were observed.
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Almășan O, Duncea I, Kui A, Buduru S. Influence of Human Papillomavirus on Alveolar Bone and Orthodontic Treatment: Systematic Review and Case Report. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10040624. [PMID: 35455802 PMCID: PMC9028962 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10040624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: As the human papillomavirus (HPV) infections are detected in healthy oral mucosa as well as in oral lesions, dental practitioners have an important role in detecting any possible lesions that might be caused by this virus. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the outcomes of orthodontic treatments and HPV infections and to report a rare case of ongoing orthodontic treatment superposed on an HPV infection. Methods: An electronic English literature research of the articles published between the years 2011–2021 was conducted between December 2021–February 2022, accessing PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The terms “HPV”, “orthodontics”, “orthodontic treatment”, “tooth movement”, “tooth mobility”, and “malocclusion” were searched. The following inclusion criteria were pursued: articles published in English language; studies reporting HPV infection in subjects with past or ongoing orthodontic treatment; and case reports of subjects with HPV and orthodontic treatment. Exclusion criteria were: articles in languages other than English, studies related to malignancies other than HPV and orthodontic treatment; and studies reporting patients with HPV and no orthodontic treatment. Results: Following the systematic review, which includes six papers, a case of orthodontic treatment superposed on a HPV infection is presented. Conclusion: Incumbent, postponed HPV infection on an ongoing orthodontic treatment might affect treatment outcome and patient compliance.
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Sangalli L, Savoldi F, Dalessandri D, Visconti L, Massetti F, Bonetti S. Remote digital monitoring during the retention phase of orthodontic treatment: A prospective feasibility study. Korean J Orthod 2022; 52:123-130. [PMID: 35321951 PMCID: PMC8964474 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2022.52.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate if a remote digital monitoring system added at the end of orthodontic treatment could positively influence the retention phase by reducing the occurrence of misfit of removable appliances, number of emergency appointments (EA), and orthodontic relapse. Methods Twenty-seven patients who completed active orthodontic treatment were divided into the study and control groups. In addition to the standard chairside follow-up appointments at month 1 (T1), month 3 (T2), month 6 (T3), the study group patients were monitored using Dental Monitoring® with monthly intra-oral scans. Occurrence of misfit of removable retainers, number of EAs, and intercanine width change were recorded for both groups. Differences in EAs and retainer fit were assessed using the chi-square test. Intra-group and inter-group differences in the intercanine width were assessed with Friedman test and Mann–Whitney U test, respectively (α = 0.05). Results The study group showed a significantly lower occurrence of misfit of removable retainers (p = 0.027) compared to the control group. No significant inter- and intra-group difference was found in the EAs and intercanine width change at each time-point. Conclusions Integrating remote monitoring systems, such as Dental Monitoring®, to the retention phase of the orthodontic treatment may lower the occurrence of misfit of removable retainers. However, a small sample size and a short observation period limit the strength of this evidence. These preliminary results tentatively suggest that remote monitoring technologies may be beneficial, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, when the regularity of in-office visits might be disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Sangalli
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Orofacial Pain, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Fabio Savoldi
- Orthodontics, Division of Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Domenico Dalessandri
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Luca Visconti
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Massetti
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonetti
- Dental School, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Keshtgar S, Hodges S, Owaise Sharif M. Development of a checklist to assess COVID-19 information on orthodontic webpages. J Orthod 2022; 49:288-295. [PMID: 35323051 DOI: 10.1177/14653125221079634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To create a COVID-19 information checklist and critique all available webpages of hospitals with an orthodontic department in England. DESIGN Cross-sectional analysis. SETTING World Wide Web. METHODS A 16-item COVID-19 webpage checklist was developed using up-to-date COVID-19 government advice, and the General Dental Council Principles of Ethical Advertising. Presence of advice on managing orthodontic appliance breakages, information on outpatient appointment changes and video consultations was also assessed. The checklist was used to undertake a cross-sectional analysis of all available webpages of hospitals with an orthodontic department in England between September 2020 to October 2020. RESULTS A total of 61 webpages were assessed. Of them, 95% had a COVID-19 section on the homepage, including advice on the use of face coverings during hospital visits. Only 18% of websites provided information on orthodontic appliance care and breakages. Four orthodontic department websites stated the department was closed during this study. The mean update interval of the webpages was six weeks (range = 1-28 weeks). Only one webpage fully conformed with the COVID-19 checklist. CONCLUSION Availability and completeness of COVID-19 information on webpages of hospitals with an orthodontic department varied, which may be due to the absence of a formal COVID-19 information webpage checklist. The checklist produced in this research may prove valuable to encourage uniform patient support and positive patient experience across orthodontic services. Principles behind the development of the checklist could be adopted during prolonged service disruptions to ensure optimal patient communications. The checklist is equally applicable to primary and secondary care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safoora Keshtgar
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Samantha Hodges
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Mohammad Owaise Sharif
- Royal National ENT and Eastman Dental Hospitals, UCL Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
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Shhabat Z, Ghozlan M, Kana'an N, Tashtoush A, Alelaimat A, Saadeh R. The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Patients Receiving Orthodontic Treatment. Eur J Dent 2022; 17:115-119. [PMID: 35259761 PMCID: PMC9949922 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1742130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic impacted the provision of dental treatment in a timely manner including orthodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to assess challenges encountered by patients undergoing orthodontic treatment during the pandemic and their attitude toward managing these challenges. MATERIAL AND METHODS A cross-sectional sample of orthodontic patients at Prince Rashid Hospital in the north of Jordan was recruited to participate in a self-administered questionnaire that included questions related to orthodontic problems encountered during the lockdown, ways to overcome these problems, and concerns about their treatment. RESULTS A total of 120 patients participated, 40 males and 80 females. Most participants (n = 86) had a fixed orthodontic appliance, who reported various orthodontic problems (82%), but the most common problems reported were exposed wire endings and loosening of brackets. Likewise, the most commonly reported problem among those with removable appliances (n = 34) was a broken or loose appliance (60%). However, patients of both types of appliances ignored the problem and waited until the re-opening of dental offices. Further, most patients missed at least one appointment for different reasons and three-quarters of them (76.6%) did not communicate with their orthodontists during the lockdown. Patients expressed their disagreement with the closure of dental offices during the pandemic because of their concern of a prolonged waiting to receive another appointment. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on orthodontic care and the maintenance of appointments during the lockdown periods. Patients varied in ways they managed their orthodontic problems, including their commitment to communicate with the dentists or maintain their appointments. Hence, patients should be trained on how to manage the appliance problems when they need and encourage them to accept distant communication during the emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rami Saadeh
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan,Address for correspondence Rami Saadeh, PhD Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and TechnologyIrbid 22110Jordan
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Orthodontic Adolescent Patients’ Attitudes toward Protective Face Mask Wearing during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58030393. [PMID: 35334569 PMCID: PMC8948845 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic led to restrictive measures, which aimed to limit the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus. These restrictions impacted all areas of life, including the activity of dental offices. For patients with orthodontic appliances, closing the dental offices was a major issue, as most orthodontic treatments last for more than a year and require regular checkups. The aim of this research was to assess the impact that the restrictive measures that were imposed during the COVID-19 pandemic, and, especially, wearing a face mask had on a sample of Romanian teenagers undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment. Material and Methods: The study group consisted of 277 orthodontic patients, with ages between 12 and 17.9 years, from North-Western Romania. They completed a 9-item questionnaire. The control group consisted of 231 participants, with ages between 12 and 17.9 years. They completed an 8-item questionnaire. Results: Most patients from the study group were not worried that wearing a protective face mask would hide their braces (never—49.5%; rarely—26.7%), and their desire to undergo an orthodontic treatment was not affected by the compulsoriness of face mask wearing (never—51.6%; rarely—26%). In contrast to that, in the control group, more than 50% of the participants were worried to some degree that wearing a protective face mask would hide their smile (occasionally—29.9%; frequently—18.2%; very frequently—2.2%). The majority of the participants from the study group did not consider interrupting the orthodontic treatment due to the COVID-19 pandemic (62.5%), and the majority of the participants from the control group did not consider not going to the dentist due to the COVID-19 pandemic (70.6%). Most of the participants from the study group were not happy that they had to wear a face mask, which covered their orthodontic appliances, during the orthodontic treatment (68.6%). The attitude was similar to that of the participants from the control group, who were not happy that they had to wear a face mask, that covered their smile (51.1%). In the study group, most patients did not want face mask wearing to continue to be compulsory, given the fact that their orthodontic appliances were no longer visible (52%). In the control group, the attitude was similar, with 48.1% of the participants not wanting face mask compulsoriness to be maintained. Conclusions: In conclusion, although, most patients would not like to continue wearing a face mask as a mandatory regulation, they were not concerned or negatively affected by wearing a protective face mask, even though face masks hid their braces.
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The Influence of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthodontic Treatments: A Survey Analysis. Dent J (Basel) 2022; 10:dj10020015. [PMID: 35200241 PMCID: PMC8871191 DOI: 10.3390/dj10020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 represents the pandemic of the 21st century that has negatively affected the lives of the whole of humanity. For many months, the only weapons to fight against this infection were protective masks and social isolation. During recent months, fear of the virus has led people to avoid crowded environments and events, and to reduce medical checks, limiting them only to emergencies. Outpatient clinics, doctors’ offices, and all closed-in environments were required to limit the patients’ access. Nowadays, the presence of specific protocols around the world, and the extended vaccination campaign, have allowed a reduction of many restrictions. Unfortunately, the virus is still widespread, and dental practice and dental treatments suffer the consequences. Dental therapies in general, and in particular orthodontics, are not considered lifesaving. Due to this, orthodontists, in this historical time, must find solutions for motivating patients to start or continue therapies, while providing a safe way for them to do so. There are orthodontists who have developed, during this period, different ways to help them in treating and communicating with patients. Aim: The aim of this study is to assess the influence of the pandemic on the choice to start orthodontic treatment, oral health care, and the importance placed on the appearance of dental occlusions. Materials and Methods: This study is a survey analysis of 159 people, which was posted in Facebook groups of adult orthodontic patients. The timestamps and answers of responses were analyzed to avoid duplicated or interrupted questionnaires. Conclusions: This study found that the current health emergency has not reduced the demand for orthodontic care, while some patients’ behaviors are changing in relation to oral hygiene and the importance that they attribute to dental health. It seems that dentists’ availability plays a key role in this period of sanitary emergency.
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Damascena LCL, Bezerra PMM, Santos FGD, Lucena NNND, Vieira TI, Viana Filho JMC, Bonan PRF, Ribeiro ILA, Serpa EBDM, Sousa SAD, Valença AMG. Impact of COVID-19 on Oral Healthcare for Oncopediatric Patients: The Setting in a Reference Hospital in Northeast Brazil. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Alassiry AM, Hakami Z. The Attitude, Perception, and Mental Health of Patients Receiving Orthodontic Treatment During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Saudi Arabia. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:363-372. [PMID: 35189625 PMCID: PMC8848244 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s348933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The COVID-19 pandemic has forced dental clinics to shut down indefinitely, leaving thousands of orthodontic patients in unending fear and dismay. The study aimed to assess the attitude, perceptions and mental health status of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment in Saudi Arabia during the lockdown. PATIENTS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among orthodontic patients of different clinics across Saudi Arabia and selected using two-stage clustered sampling. A validated Arabic questionnaire comprising four sections including demographic data, patients' interactions, attitude and perception, and Kessler Psychological Distress Scale was sent via digital means. Descriptive and inferential statistics were applied with the level of significance set to p<0.05. RESULTS A total of 512 orthodontic patients voluntarily participated in the study. Eighty-four percent of the patients contacted their orthodontist once or twice during this period, 22% percent did not receive any communication from their orthodontist, 18% were very worried about not being able to continue their treatment, 72% were concerned about the treatment duration increasing post lockdown, 18% suffered cuts or lacerations due to their appliance, and 32% had poking wires. Seventy-six percent of patients were willing to visit a clinic post lockdown only with proper preventive measures in place. A mild level of mental distress (22.76 ± 8.69) was reported using the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale. Female orthodontic patients >25 years of age with >1 year of ongoing treatment were associated with higher levels of mental distress. CONCLUSION The current pandemic has impacted the mental health status of orthodontic patients in some form or another. Older females with longer treatment times were more affected by the lockdown. The lack of effective communication from the orthodontist led to some negative perceptions about their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Mohammed Alassiry
- Preventive Dental Sciences Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zaki Hakami
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
- Correspondence: Zaki Hakami, Division of Orthodontics, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966-544702011, Email
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A qualitative study of orthodontic patients' experiences in quarantine during the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 161:e498-e506. [PMID: 35337705 PMCID: PMC8666321 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Methods Results Conclusions
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Ashari A, Xian L, Syed Mohamed AMF, Wahab RMA, Kit YC, Tata MD, Sinnasamy S, Kuppusamy E. One-year comparative assessment of retention of arch width increases between modified vacuum-formed and Hawley retainers. Angle Orthod 2021; 92:197-203. [PMID: 34797378 DOI: 10.2319/050921-363.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the clinical effectiveness of Hawley retainers (HRs) and modified vacuum-formed retainers (mVFRs) with palatal coverage in maintaining transverse expansion during a 12-month retention period. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data were collected from postorthodontic treatment patients who met the inclusion criteria. A total of 35 patients were randomly allocated using a centralized randomization technique into either mVFR (n = 18) or HR group (n = 17). The outcome assessor and data analyst were blinded to the retention method. Dental casts of patients were evaluated at debond, 3 months, 6 months, and 12 months of retention. Intercanine width (ICW), interpremolar width (IPMW), interfirst molar mesiobuccal cusp width 1 (IFMW1), and interfirst molar distobuccal cusp width 2 (IFMW2) were compared between groups over time using mixed analysis of variance. RESULTS No statistically significant differences were found between the two groups for ICW (P = .76), IPMW (P = .63), IFMW1 (P = .16), and IFMW2 (P = .40) during the 12-month retention period. CONCLUSIONS The null hypothesis could not be rejected. HR and mVFR had similar clinical effectiveness in the retention of transverse expansion cases during a 12-month retention period.
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Dhanasekaran M, Shaga IB, Ponniah H, Sankaranarayanan P, Nagappan N, Parameswaran TM. The Pandemic Impact of COVID 19 on Orthodontic Practice: A Cross Sectional Study. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S1024-S1028. [PMID: 35017922 PMCID: PMC8686886 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_127_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to determine the problem encountered by an orthodontist due to suspended treatment during and after lockdown COVID 19 and to assess the pandemic impact on orthodontic practices. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a cross-sectional web-based questionnaire survey conducted among orthodontist in India. The pilot study was conducted to estimate the sample size and final sample size is 263 participants. The predesigned and validated, self-administered, structured 10 questions related to the impact of an orthodontist and their orthodontic practices during and after COVID 19 are used. The statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences SPSS (V 22.0) the frequency distribution was computed. RESULTS The result showed that 81% orthodontist were reported that routine orthodontic treatment was disturbed due to this COVID 19 lockdown, about 79.1% reported hospital/clinic was closed due to lockdown with a duration of more than 1 month. Still, 64.6% orthodontist handling their orthodontic emergencies through telecommunication and 47.9% of orthodontist received a complaint about fixed appliance among all other appliances. Due to the current situation, 41.4% orthodontist suggested 3-6 months' period required to normalize the current situation and 66.9% agreed that there will be decline in orthodontic treatment need after COVID 19. CONCLUSION Owing to the high virulence activity, elective procedures have been postponed and can manage a patient through virtual teleconsultation. Reassurance of the patient is needed regarding prolonged treatment duration due to this COVID 19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muralidharan Dhanasekaran
- Associate professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chengalpet, Tamil Nadu, India,Address for correspondence: Dr. Muralidharan Dhanasekaran, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Dental Sciences, Chengalpet - 603 308, Tamil Nadu, India. E-mail:
| | - I. Bevin Shaga
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Harish Ponniah
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Ragas Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Padmasree Sankaranarayanan
- Associate professor, Department of Prosthodontics and Implantology, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram,Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagappan Nagappan
- Associate professor, Department of Public health dentistry, Chettinad Dental College and Research Institute, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - T. M. Parameswaran
- Assistant professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Tagore Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Nallamothu R, Aljohani DD, Al-Ramadhan MA, Eshag AM, Bakulka GA, Hasanian RZ, Abduljabar AH, Pullishery F. Perceived Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Orthodontic Practice in the Middle East. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S975-S979. [PMID: 35017910 PMCID: PMC8686872 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_146_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With COVID-19 announced as a global pandemic, a countrywide lockdown was executed in many countries, including the Middle East. With no foregoing warning or expectation, orthodontic treatments were temporarily canceled as dental clinics and colleges were indefinitely closed. To the best of our knowledge, no study addresses the orthodontist perspective in such testing times, where they are entirely restricted to the confines of their homes. The study aims to assess the impact of the COVID-19-related lockdown on orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate students' treatment and psychology. MATERIALS AND METHODS The survey participants consist of 315 orthodontists and orthodontic postgraduate residents from different Middle East countries. A pretested self-administered questionnaire was sent to the consenting participants through an online data collection platform (Google forms), covering participants' sociodemographics and participants' perceived impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. RESULTS A majority of the participants (87.61%) stated that the pandemic would permanently change their way of practicing orthodontics and also will lead to the reduction in the number of orthodontic patients in the future (78.73%), and a significant number of orthodontists (67.61%) has an opinion that the pandemic will not affect the viability of their profession. The majority of the respondents (88.57%) commented about the negative economic impact of COVID-19 on their income, and regarding the effect of COVID-19 on psychosocial well-being, 73.01% had experienced anxiety and depression, 88.25% were excited about the future of the profession, and 68.57% enjoyed the life with their family due to lockdown, and when asked about their social life with the family and friends, majority of the participants (66.34%) had an opinion that it has improved due to the increased free time. CONCLUSIONS Most of the respondents reported perceived economic, psychosocial, and social impacts due to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raghuveer Nallamothu
- Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia,Address for correspondence: Dr. Raghuveer Nallamothu, Department of Orthodontics, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah-21442, Saudi Arabia. E-mail:
| | | | - Maryam Ali Al-Ramadhan
- Department of Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah Mohammed Eshag
- Department of Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghufran Abdullah Bakulka
- General Dentist, Dentistry Program, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raghad Zaki Hasanian
- Department of Dental Intern, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Fawaz Pullishery
- Department of Community Dentistry and Research, Dentistry Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Motevasel H, Helms LR, Eckert GJ, Stewart KT, Albright DA. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on U.S. orthodontic practices in 2020. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 161:198-207. [PMID: 34688518 PMCID: PMC8487782 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.11.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction This study aimed to investigate the immediate impact and long-term implications of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus on orthodontic practices in the United States in 2020. Methods A 35-item survey was developed and validated to investigate the impact of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic on the orthodontic specialty. The survey contained 5 domains, including respondent’s demographic information, COVID-19 information acquisition, practice ramifications of the COVID-19 pandemic, financial implications of the COVID-19 pandemic, and patient management strategies during the COVID-19 pandemic. This voluntary survey acquired responses from active orthodontists in the United States. Associations of demographic and practice characteristics with items related to COVID-19 were assessed using chi-square tests, with a 5% significance level. Results The survey was disseminated to 5,694 orthodontists, and 507 complete surveys were obtained (response rate of 8.9%). Respondents indicated that they obtained the most useful information regarding the COVID-19 pandemic through professional associations and internet or online news resources. However, 30% of the orthodontists believed information regarding personal financial guidelines was lacking. Most respondents identified delayed treatment progress and temporary staff layoffs as the 2 most negative ramifications of mandated office closures. Approximately 93% of practices applied for and used some sort of stimulus funding offered through the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act. Respondents indicated that the COVID-19 related office closures resulted in an average of 50% decrease in net revenue. Conclusions The survey found that the COVID-19 pandemic had a broad and significant impact on patient care and financial aspects of U.S. orthodontic practices in 2020. Although generally accepting of the federal and state recommendations, respondents appeared to desire more guidance during the early phase of the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hengameh Motevasel
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | | | - George J Eckert
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - Kelton T Stewart
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind
| | - David A Albright
- Department of Orthodontics and Oral Facial Genetics, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, Ind.
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George PP, Edathotty TT, Gopikrishnan S, Prasanth PS, Mathew S, Ameen AAM. Knowledge, Awareness, and Attitude among Practicing Orthodontist on Teledentistry during COVID Pandemic in Kerala: A Cross-Sectional Survey. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2021; 13:S846-S850. [PMID: 34447213 PMCID: PMC8375808 DOI: 10.4103/jpbs.jpbs_826_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Considering the gravity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and its potential to unfold within the dental workplace or institutions, a shift from traditional dental practice to a newer method is needed. Teledentistry is widely being practiced in this pandemic era for the diagnosis and to give instructions to the patients. Hence, an attempt has been made to explore the knowledge, attitude, and awareness of practicing orthodontists regarding the usage of teledentistry during COVID lockdown, in Kerala. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was done on about 150 orthodontic professionals. A pretested, self-organized, close-ended survey was managed through online stages that comprised of 15 questions. The information gathered was assembled in a systematic way and investigated regarding recurrence and Chi-square test was utilized for the examination of frequencies. Results: It was observed that 93.3% orthodontic practitioners had knowledge regarding teledentistry and a positive attitude toward teledentistry was shown by younger age group practitioners and those who were working in institutions (P < 0.05). 77.3% believed that teledentistry can save dentist's time and 71.3% responded that the new technology can be helpful in reducing the cost of treatment for patients. Conclusion: The knowledge, awareness, and attitudes were discovered to be acceptable among the orthodontic practitioners. Younger practitioners had more positive attitude toward teledentistry, and there was an overall positive attitude for using teledentistry as a temporary alternate for direct patient contact in COVID-19 pandemic time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Philip George
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - Terry Thomas Edathotty
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics, Mar Baselious Dental College, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
| | - S Gopikrishnan
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Annoor Dental College, Muvattupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - P S Prasanth
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Indira Gandhi Institute of Dental Sciences, Kothamangalam, Kerala, India
| | - Sandeep Mathew
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Al Azhar Dental College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India
| | - A A Mohammed Ameen
- Assistant Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Al Azhar Dental College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, India
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Falahi S, Bastani E, Pakzad I, Rashidi A, Abdoli A, Kenarkoohi A. Environmental Surface Contamination with SARS-CoV-2: Toilets as the Most Contaminated Surfaces in COVID-19 Referral Hospital. Hosp Top 2021; 101:65-72. [PMID: 34445942 DOI: 10.1080/00185868.2021.1969870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The possibility of surface transmission in hospitals with high density of COVID- 19 patients is unneglectable. The aim of this study is to determine the extent of surface contamination in coronavirus central hospital of Ilam province in western Iran. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, 205 samples were taken from environmental surfaces in hospital. SARS-CoV-2 RNA detected by Real-time RT-PCR. RESULTS 121 out of 205 (50.02%) samples were positive. The most contaminated objects were toilet sites (5/5,100% ICU; 5/5, 100% isolation wards). CONCLUSION High surface contamination with SARS-CoV-2 proposes the surface as a potential route of transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Falahi
- Zoonotic Diseases Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Elham Bastani
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Iraj Pakzad
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Ayoub Rashidi
- Public Health, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Amir Abdoli
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran.,Zoonoses Research Centre, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
| | - Azra Kenarkoohi
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
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Yavan MA, Cingoz M, Ceylan TM, Calisir M. Incidence of orthodontic appliance failures during the COVID-19 lockdown period. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 161:e87-e92. [PMID: 34509332 PMCID: PMC8390376 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction As a result of the rapid spread of the disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, the World Health Organization declared a global pandemic on March 11, 2020. Governments worldwide adopted various measures to stop or slow the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). One widely used measure was lockdown; workers who could work from home were instructed to do so, and nonessential businesses—including dental clinics—were closed for weeks or months. The purpose of this investigation was to document the incidence of fixed orthodontic appliance failures and the periodontal health status of patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment during and after the lockdown period. Methods The sample comprised 350 orthodontic patients (mean age, 16.85 ± 2.59 years; 249 female, 101 male) who underwent orthodontic and periodontal examinations in Adıyaman, Turkey, after a mean lockdown period of 103.7 ± 21.3 days. Frequencies of an orthodontic bracket, elastic ligature, molar band, and miniscrew failures of oral ulcers were recorded, and periodontal parameters were assessed. The effects of sex, age, and the bracket systems used in the patients on the frequencies of these failures were analyzed. Results It was revealed that 15.42% (n = 54) of all patients had ≥1 bracket bonding failure, and 8.16% (n = 4) of the patients with miniscrew implantation had ≥1 miniscrew failure. The incidence of bracket bonding failure was significantly higher in men than in women. No significant relationship was found between periodontal parameters and bracket bonding failure. Plaque and gingival scores were higher than those reported for a similar population before a lockdown. Conclusions The results indicated that orthodontic appliances might have higher frequencies of failure during a lockdown than normal times, and lockdown periods may worsen the periodontal health status of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Ali Yavan
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey.
| | - Merve Cingoz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Tunahan Mustafa Ceylan
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
| | - Metin Calisir
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Adıyaman University, Adıyaman, Turkey
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Arunachalam S, GVD H, Sharan J, Ghandikota A, Ram RSVMR, Praveen G. Orthodontic Postgraduate Students’ Perception on Didactics and Clinical Training During the COVID-19 Crisis. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/03015742211023880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: With the global crisis of the COVID-19 pandemic, orthodontic postgraduate students’ education and clinical training might be affected. The objective of this study was to explore their perception on didactics and clinical training. Materials and Methods: A pretested and validated 26-item online survey that addressed COVID-19’s impact on didactic components and clinical management was sent to postgraduate students in the Indian subcontinent. The survey was available for 3 days, and the responses were collected and analyzed. Results: Overall, 165 out of 244 (67.62%) orthodontic postgraduate students completed the survey. Of them, 88.48% noted that orthodontic education and patient management are at stake because of the ensuing crisis. The majority (66.28%) acknowledged that Internet-based education will become the significant part of postgraduate coursework. With regard to patient care, 80% felt that 2-way communication channels and a guarded approach with strict infection control protocols may be the way forward during the crisis. Many preferred attending patients with space closure stage at the follow-up (51.23%) and to postpone new case start-ups until normalcy returns. About 55% of the respondents felt that clear aligners could transform into a popular orthodontic practice regimen if the crisis continues. Conclusions: Orthodontic postgraduate students were concerned that the crisis would go on and affect their education. They perceived transition of face-to-face didactic learning and summative assessments to online settings as a viable approach during the COVID-19 crisis. They felt that orthodontic clinical training would benefit from teleorthodontic approaches and prioritization of care and its alignment with crowd control.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Harsha GVD
- Vishnu Dental College, Bhimavaram, India
| | - Jitendra Sharan
- All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneshwar, India
| | | | | | - Gadde Praveen
- School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Malaysia
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Arqub SA, Voldman R, Ahmida A, Kuo CL, Godoy LDC, Nasrawi Y, Al-Khateeb SN, Uribe F. Patients' perceptions of orthodontic treatment experiences during COVID-19: a cross-sectional study. Prog Orthod 2021; 22:17. [PMID: 34101037 PMCID: PMC8185310 DOI: 10.1186/s40510-021-00363-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND COVID-19 has impacted the care of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment. We aimed to provide an overall view of patients' perspectives, concerns, and expectations towards their treatment throughout the clinic lockdown during the pandemic; and to assess patients' levels of mental distress and its association with their confidence in resuming care. METHODS An anonymous, validated, in-person paper questionnaire was distributed to adult orthodontic patients' post-lockdown at an academic institution. The survey focused on the clinical aspects and patients' perspectives regarding orthodontic treatment during the pandemic. The Kessler Mental Distress Scale (K10) was used to evaluate their psychological status. Survey responses were descriptively summarized and confidence in resuming care was compared between normal patients and patients with mental distress using Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS One hundred fifty-four patients were surveyed from July to October 2020. Mean age of the participants was 29.30 (SD = 12.01) years and 62% were females. Emergencies during the closure (21%, 32/154) involved primarily irritation with protruding wires. Patients were neutral regarding tele-dentistry and preferred their current fixed appliances over clear aligners. Upon resuming care, 80.51% were extremely pleased with the restrictive protocols and with high level of confidence in resuming treatment. The average level of anxiety was low, and a modest association was found between mental distress and reduced confidence in resuming treatment. CONCLUSIONS Few numbers of minor emergencies occurred during the clinic closure. Despite the rising interest in tele-dentistry, patients were neutral on considering this option to monitor treatment and were content with fixed appliances. Patients had high confidence levels to resume their care based on the protocols established upon reopening. The association of mental distress and confidence in resuming care is suggestive and needs further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abu Arqub
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Rebecca Voldman
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Ahmad Ahmida
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
| | - Chia-Ling Kuo
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT USA
| | - Lucas Da Cunha Godoy
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health, Farmington, CT USA
| | | | | | - Flavio Uribe
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut Health, 263 Farmington Ave, Farmington, CT 06032 USA
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The Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Interest in Orthodontic Treatment and Perspectives for the Future. Real-Time Surveillance Using Google Trends. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115647. [PMID: 34070459 PMCID: PMC8197563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak may have a large impact on orthodontic treatment. Regular orthodontic visits were strongly and widely interrupted by the unprecedented epidemiological threat. Methods: The data regarding orthodontic queries were investigated in a real-time surveillance using Google Trends. Search terms “braces”, “invisalign”, “get braces”, “get braces off”, “braces pain” and the phrase “social distancing” were analyzed regarding the year preceding the pandemic outbreak and the time of the pandemic. Moreover, the five-year trend for queries “braces” vs. “invisalign”, as an example of different types of orthodontic appliances, was compared. Results: There was a significant decrease in orthodontics phrase queries in the spring of 2020, connected with the worldwide restrictions and lockdowns announced all over the world. There was a lower interest in the “braces pain” query during the first lockdown in 2020. The number of searches for “invisalign” increased steadily over time, while the number of searches for “braces” was relatively stable across the investigated time period. Conclusions: The course of the COVID-19 pandemic has had a large impact on the orthodontic-related search queries. Orthodontists must be better-prepared for any sudden changes in the possible future in the epidemiological situation that may change accessibility to dental offices.
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Abed Al Jawad F, Alhashimi N. Orthodontic treatment pause during COVID-19 outbreak: Are we overlooking potential harms to our patients and their treatment outcomes? Dental Press J Orthod 2021; 26:e21ins2. [PMID: 33950084 PMCID: PMC8103901 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.26.2.e21ins2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led all dental governing bodies across the world to minimize or cancel routine/elective dental procedures and limit dental services to only acute emergency situations. Orthodontic treatment is a long-term treatment that necessitates several appointments. However, if patients are left unsupervised during this pandemic, serious harms might arise apart from acute orthodontic emergencies. Objective: In this article we highlight these harms and their negative impact on patients and the overall success of their treatment. Conclusion: We briefly presented actions needed to be undertaken by orthodontists to gradually allow for recalling patients according to the stage of their treatment to avoid any potential harms to the treatment outcome and avoid any subsequent medicolegal consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feras Abed Al Jawad
- Orthodontics Section, Hamad Dental Center, Hamad Medical Corporation (Doha, Qatar)
| | - Najah Alhashimi
- Orthodontics Section, Hamad Dental Center, Hamad Medical Corporation (Doha, Qatar).,College of Dental Medicine, Qatar University (Doha, Qatar)
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Bianco A, Dalessandri D, Oliva B, Tonni I, Isola G, Visconti L, Paganelli C, Bonetti S. COVID-19 and Orthodontics: An Approach for Monitoring Patients at Home. Open Dent J 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1874210602115010087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim:
The aim of this study was to test an experimental approach involving the remote monitoring of orthodontic patients through the use of their smartphones.
Background:
Due to the COVID-19 emergency, dental offices were asked to stop elective treatments; suddenly orthodontic patients found themselves isolated at home, without the possibility of monitoring by their orthodontists. The use of telemonitoring via smartphones can be a quick way to recover the orthodontist-patient relationship, monitor and continue the treatment.
Objective:
The purpose of this study was to propose an innovative, simple and reliable approach for the remote management of orthodontic patients.
Methods:
137 patients were contacted verbally by phone and via WhatsApp®; they were asked to send a set of photographs taken with their smartphone. They were asked to complete a questionnaire to evaluate the effectiveness of the approach. Descriptive statistics (frequency with percent) of questionnaire results and the presence of procedural errors while taking pictures were calculated. Correlations between different questionnaire answers were analyzed with the Chi-Square test. Variables with p < 0:05 were declared as significant.
Results:
The majority of patients considered that this approach was positive and they did not feel abandoned. Difficulties emerged from a technical point of view, that is, in terms of photoshoot, and part of the patients expressed perplexity regarding the fact that telemonitoring can replace completely an outpatient visit.
Conclusion:
The use of telemonitoring managed to recreate a relationship with the orthodontist, especially in emergency periods.
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Caruso S, Caruso S, Pellegrino M, Skafi R, Nota A, Tecco S. A Knowledge-Based Algorithm for Automatic Monitoring of Orthodontic Treatment: The Dental Monitoring System. Two Cases. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21051856. [PMID: 33799930 PMCID: PMC7961518 DOI: 10.3390/s21051856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the dental field, digital technology has created new opportunities for orthodontists to integrate their clinical practice, and for patients to collect information about orthodontics and their treatment, which is called "teledentistry." Dental monitoring (DM) is a recently introduced orthodontic application that combines safe teledentistry with artificial intelligence (AI) using a knowledge-based algorithm, allowing an accurate semi-automatic monitoring of the treatment. Dental Monitoring is the world's first SaaS (Software as a Service) application designed for remote monitoring of dental treatment, developed in Paris, France, with Philippe Salah as the Co-founder and CEO. CASES PRESENTATION This report describes two cases in which DM system was essential to achieve the control of certain movements: it was possible to follow the movement, even if complex, such as the anterior cross of an adult patient and a lack of space in the canine of the growing patient. The software analyzed the fit and retention of the aligner, thus ensuring correct biomechanics. They were treated during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown with aligners. The first case is a growing patient who was monitored during an interceptive orthodontic treatment to manage a retained upper canine. The second case is an adult patient forced to finalize his treatment of upper lateral incisor crossbite. The software analyzed the fit and retention of the aligner, thus ensuring correct biomechanics. CONCLUSIONS DM system appears to be a promising method, useful for improving the interaction between doctor and patient, generally acceptable and useful to patients, even in critical clinical situations, at least in cases with optimal compliance and ability to use the tool properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (S.C.)
| | - Sara Caruso
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy; (S.C.); (S.C.)
| | | | - Rayan Skafi
- Private Practice in Dentistry, 75001 Paris, France;
| | - Alessandro Nota
- Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy;
| | - Simona Tecco
- Dental School, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University and IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, 20132 Milano, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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Abstract
During the first two months of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, Romania was in lockdown, and all dental practices were closed, so orthodontic patients had to postpone their check-ups for at least eight weeks. This led not only to a delayed end of treatment but also to accidents and complications. The present study tried to evaluate the orthodontic situation both from the patient's and orthodontist's point of view, so the patients were given a few questions to answer, and the orthodontist analyzed each treatment before and after the two-month lockdown and decided if it was mildly or severely affected by the absence of check-ups. The study group consisted of 105 patients evaluated by three orthodontists in the same private practice. Patients that have gotten worse after the lockdown or who had problems were included in the study. Also, all the patients were given a 7-question form in order to find out their opinion. After two months without check-ups, our orthodontists found that 9.52% got worse because of the lack of intermaxillary elastics, broken brackets, broken removable orthodontic appliances, and others. Most of the patients believe that their treatment was delayed by the Covid-19 pandemic, but none of the patients felt unsafe when visiting the clinic. The Covid-19 pandemic had severe effects on orthodontic treatments. Orthodontists noticed a delay for about one-third of their patients. However, from the patient's point of view, half believe that their treatment was negatively affected by the Covid-19 pandemic in different degrees.
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Kondody RT, Sana S, Reddy R, Fatima A, Bangi SL. Coronavirus Disease 2019-Challenges Today and Tomorrow in Orthodontic Practice: A Review. Turk J Orthod 2021; 34:61-67. [PMID: 33828880 PMCID: PMC7990282 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2021.20057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
From the start of 2020, the world has witnessed the biggest health and humanitarian crisis in the modern century named coronavirus disease 2019. The rapid spread of infection created chaos and confusion across the globe. Like all other health professions, a timely and major reorganization of orthodontic services is challenging. Unlike other medical emergencies, an orthodontic emergency does not require immediate attention in most cases. With advances in the modern web-based communication systems, minor problems can be managed online in orthodontic practice. During an emergency, however, orthodontists have a moral obligation to treat and manage patients under the World Health Organization guidelines and protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rony Tomy Kondody
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College & Hospital, Gulbarga, India
| | - Safiya Sana
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College & Hospital, Gulbarga, India
| | - Rekha Reddy
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College & Hospital, Gulbarga, India
| | - Asma Fatima
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College & Hospital, Gulbarga, India
| | - Sayeeda Laeque Bangi
- Department of Orthodontics & Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Al-Badar Rural Dental College & Hospital, Gulbarga, India
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Isiekwe IG, Adeyemi ET, Aikins EA, Umeh OD. The COVID-19 pandemic and orthodontic practice in Nigeria. J Orthod Sci 2021; 10:5. [PMID: 34084761 PMCID: PMC8102934 DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_40_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study was aimed at assessing the knowledge and awareness of orthodontists and orthodontic residents in Nigeria about the COVID-19 pandemic and the appropriate infection control measures required to mitigate its spread in orthodontic practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS It was a cross-sectional descriptive study of orthodontists and orthodontic residents. Ethical approval for the study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board. Data collection was via an online questionnaire designed using Google forms and these were sent to the phone numbers of study participants. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20. RESULTS A total of 73 respondents with a mean age of 43.41 ± 9.21 years participated in the study. About 90% of the respondents had a very good knowledge of COVID-19, including its etiology, modes of transmission, signs, and symptoms. However, very few respondents were aware of the less common symptoms such as skin rash (16.4%) and red eyes (26%). Over 80% of the respondents knew the appropriate measures to take to prevent the spread of the virus in the dental clinic, in addition to the appropriate personal protective equipment (PPE) to use. CONCLUSION The respondents had a very good knowledge of the basic epidemiology of COVID-19 and the means of prevention of its transmission in the dental clinic. However, there was limited knowledge of the less common symptoms of the infection. In addition, majority of the respondents had a very good idea of the appropriate PPE to be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikenna Gerald Isiekwe
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Tope Adeyemi
- Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University Kano/Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria
| | - Elfleda Angelina Aikins
- Faculty of Dentistry, College of Health Sciences, University of Port-Harcourt/University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
| | - Onyinye Dorothy Umeh
- Faculty of Dental Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Lagos/Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Idi Araba, Lagos, Nigeria
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Appointment impact and orthodontic emergency occurrence during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic: A retrospective study. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 161:e12-e19. [PMID: 34376339 PMCID: PMC7867386 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction This retrospective study aimed to quantify the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the orthodontic appointment and make an analysis of orthodontic emergencies (OEs) that occurred during the pandemic. Methods A total of 628 patients were randomly sampled from 3489 subjects who were undergoing active orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances, and the medical records were reviewed. OE occurrence was analyzed from 617 patients who had explicit return-visit records after the COVID-19 outbreak. Wilcoxon signed rank tests, chi-square tests, and a binary logistic regression were performed. Results The return-visit of 98.6% of the patients was delayed significantly with an increase over 8.98 ± 4.76 weeks (P <0.001). In general, 32.3% of the patients suffered from various OEs while waiting for their first return-visit, and bracket or band debonding was the most frequently reported category. Most OEs did not receive timely treatments because of the lockdown. The incidence was nearly 2 times higher than that of the normal appointment times. No correlation was found between OE occurrence and different demographic and clinical characteristics of patients. The therapeutic progress of patients, especially those in stage 3, was postponed because of the occurrence of OEs. Conclusions Regardless of the limitations, our study suggested that it is highly possible that the COVID-19 pandemic has delayed appointments of fixed orthodontic patients. OEs did bother a minority of patients and could not be settled in time during the lockdown, which had a negative impact on the near-term treatment progress and should have been prevented. Further studies are required to investigate the long-dated influence of COVID-19 on orthodontic practices.
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Virdi MK, Durman K, Deacon S. The Debate: What Are Aerosol-Generating Procedures in Dentistry? A Rapid Review. JDR Clin Trans Res 2021; 6:115-127. [PMID: 33509030 PMCID: PMC7961632 DOI: 10.1177/2380084421989946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: This article aims to review the current national and international dental guidance produced during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic to identify the level of consensus on aerosol-generating dental procedures (AGDPs). The outcomes intend to encourage increased collaboration with respect to dental guidelines in relation to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, as well as to improve decision making and safety for dental patients and staff. Methods: This rapid review was conducted by 2 authors (MKV and KD), with the support of a third author (SD), to assess current guidelines related to dental AGDPs. This streamlined review approach allowed synthesis of data in an efficient manner in the rapidly evolving environment associated with the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. Results: The findings identified 1) a lack of consistency in reporting which procedures were deemed an AGDP; 2) that high-speed handpieces, air-water syringes, and mechanical scalers were consistently considered high-risk AGDPs; 3) a lack of consensus on the risk of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) transmission with the use of slow-speed handpieces; 4) a general agreement, when described, that rubber dam and high-volume evacuation can significantly reduce aerosol production; and 5) a lack of consistency in reporting whether procedures constitute a low, moderate, or high risk of COVID-19 transmission. The findings are discussed in relation to the guidance and future recommendations. Conclusion: It is recommended that future published guidance should indicate the risk stratification (low/moderate/high) of each procedure/exposure in a standardized international approach. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The results of this rapid review can be used by clinicians to increase their awareness of international guidance on aerosol-generating procedures in dentistry. It will also encourage those publishing future guidance to provide an internationally standardized, risk-stratified approach to describing aerosol-generating procedures. Currently, it allows clinicians to consider aerosol-generating procedures as a risk spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Virdi
- University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - K Durman
- University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - S Deacon
- University of Bristol Dental Hospital, Bristol, UK
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Malekshoar M, Malekshoar M, Javanshir B. Challenges, limitations, and solutions for orthodontists during the coronavirus pandemic: A review. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:e59-e71. [PMID: 33223376 PMCID: PMC7571895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Orthodontic patients worldwide missed appointments during the early months of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. A significant problem with this virus is its high transmission power. Asymptomatic patients can transmit the virus. The aim of this review is to examine orthodontic emergencies and the necessary strategies and measures for emergency and nonemergency treatment during the coronavirus pandemic. METHODS The following databases were comprehensively searched: PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Up-to-date data released by major health organizations such as the World Health Organization and major orthodontic associations involved in the pandemic were also evaluated. RESULTS Few studies were conducted on managing orthodontic offices or clinics during the pandemic, and most are not of high quality. Appropriate communication is the most important issue in managing orthodontic patients, particularly virtual counseling. Many orthodontic emergencies can be managed in this way by patients themselves. Most studies recommend using the filtering facepiece 2 masks, equivalent to N95 masks for non-COVID-19 patients undergoing aerosol-generating procedures and all suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients in orthodontic visits. CONCLUSIONS At this time, there are no definitive clinical protocols supported by robust evidence for orthodontic practice during the COVID-19 pandemic. Orthodontists should not rush to return to routine orthodontic work and should follow state guidelines. Nonemergency orthodontic visits should be suspended during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic in high-risk areas. Resuming orthodontic procedures during the pandemic requires paying special attention to screening, performing maximum efforts to reduce aerosol generation, using appropriate personal protective equipment, having proper ventilation, and fully adhering to sterilization and disinfection principles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mehrdad Malekshoar
- Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Management Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Bahareh Javanshir
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Anzali International Campus, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Gilan, Iran.
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Jain S, Vibhute P, Patil C, Umale V, Kendre B, Akhare P. Severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 viral infection and orofacial clefts: A review on patient care during and after COVID-19 pandemic. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTIC REHABILITATION 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/ijor.ijor_42_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Guo F, Tang B, Qin D, Zhao T, Su YX, McGrath C, Hua F, He H. The Impact of the COVID-19 Epidemic on Orthodontic Patients in China: An Analysis of Posts on Weibo. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:577468. [PMID: 33364245 PMCID: PMC7753180 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.577468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, many dental care services including orthodontic practice were suspended. Orthodontic patients turned to social media platforms to communicate, share experiences, and look for solutions. Our study aimed to investigate the attitudes and perspectives of orthodontic patients during the COVID-19 epidemic in China by analyzing orthodontics-related posts on Sina Weibo (a Chinese counterpart of Twitter). Materials and Methods: Potentially eligible posts on Sina Weibo platform were collected between December 30, 2019, and April 18, 2020. Posts related to both orthodontics and COVID-19 were included and then coded and classified into specific appliances and themes. Geographic and temporal distributions of the included posts were analyzed. In addition, time-lagged cross correlation was performed to explore the association between the number of daily posts and daily new COVID-19 cases/deaths in China. Chi-square tests were employed to compare the differences between fixed appliances and aligners in problems/difficulties and feelings during the epidemic. Results: Of the 28,911 posts identified, 4,484 were included in the analysis. The most frequently mentioned themes were appointments (n = 2,621, 58.5%), negative feelings (n = 2,189, 48.8%), and problems/difficulties (n = 1,155, 25.8%). A majority of posts were tweeted in regions with high levels of economic development and population density in eastern China and from February to March. The number of daily posts had a significantly positive correlation with daily new COVID-19 cases/deaths in China (P < 0.05). Compared with clear aligners, patients with fixed appliances reported more problems/difficulties (P < 0.001) and negative feelings (P < 0.001), but fewer positive feelings (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The analysis of Weibo posts provided a timely understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on orthodontic patients. Delayed appointments were their greatest concern, and negative feelings and untreated orthodontic problems increased during the suspension of dental care services. However, patients with clear aligners reported fewer negative feelings and problems than those with fixed appliances. The findings highlighted the need to consider both treatment- and psychology-related issues of orthodontic patients and how to handle them appropriately during the epidemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feiyang Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bojun Tang
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Danchen Qin
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yu-Xiong Su
- Discipline of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Colman McGrath
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Fang Hua
- Center for Evidence-Based Stomatology, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Division of Dentistry, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Hong He
- Department of Orthodontics, Hubei-MOST KLOS & KLOBM, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Yilmaz HN, Ozbilen EO. The Assessment of Knowledge, Behaviors, and Anxiety Levels of the Orthodontists about COVID-19 Pandemic. Turk J Orthod 2020; 33:224-231. [PMID: 33447465 PMCID: PMC7771292 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2020.20128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A new viral disease called Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) affected the whole world because of its characteristics of spreading rapidly via respiratory droplets and aerosol. As one of the most aerosol-generating occupations, dentists are at high risk and are recommended to treat emergency cases only. We aimed to assess the general knowledge, emergencies, personal precautions, and avoided behaviors among the orthodontists and also their anxiety levels, during COVID-19. METHODS A survey research, including demographic information, general knowledge about COVID-19, treatment strategies, protective measures, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) 7 test, was conducted via a web-based questionnaire (1 open-ended and 26 closed-ended questions). A total of 215 orthodontists older than 20 years of age and practicing in different regions of Turkey were included in this study. The answers received within the first 10 days were included. RESULTS Most of the orthodontists were aware of COVID-19 symptoms and transmission routes (n=159 and n=183, respectively). Almost all of them treated only emergency cases (n=209). Orthodontic emergencies were reported mostly as injury due to band/bracket failure, soft/hard tissue trauma, and problems in retention appliances (n=197, n=186, and n=81, respectively). The participants also avoided aerosol-generating procedures and used transmission-based protective equipment. The prevalence of GAD was 16.7% during COVID-19, and there was no statistically significant difference when it was stratified by gender, age, city, and COVID-19 related questions (p>0.05). CONCLUSION The orthodontists followed the guidelines and took protective measures during COVID-19, and the majority had subthreshold anxiety levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanife Nuray Yilmaz
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Elvan Onem Ozbilen
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic necessitates streamlining patient influx in orthodontic office to avoid cross infection between patients, clinicians, and dental health care workers. A customized orthodontic triage has been proposed in this article to schedule patient appointments through priority triaging and, at the same time, provide self-care advice, virtual assistance, and remote monitoring for patient management in elective circumstances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Bint Aziz
- Dental Department, Dr N.C. Joshi Memorial Hospital, Karol Bagh, Govt of NCT of Delhi, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Kapoor
- Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Orthodontics, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Bustati N, Rajeh N. The impact of COVID-19 pandemic on patients receiving orthodontic treatment: An online questionnaire cross-sectional study. J World Fed Orthod 2020; 9:159-163. [PMID: 33221177 PMCID: PMC7584421 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejwf.2020.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background The spread of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a major public health issue; most dental clinics were closed and millions of orthodontic patients were unable to complete their treatment. This study aimed to assess the challenges faced by patients receiving orthodontic treatment and their preferred solutions to overcoming these challenges during this pandemic. Methods An online questionnaire was developed and sent to patients receiving orthodontic treatment at a public or private clinic. Results A total of 388 responses were analyzed: mean age 20.4 ± 4 years, 75% (291) female, and 58% (226) received their treatment at a public clinic. Of all participants, 27.3% (106) were still unable to attend their appointments and 69% (244) stated that closing of the clinic was the main reason for missing their appointments. Depending on their type of appliance, the patients faced different problems and chose multiple ways to deal with them. Most participants had fixed appliances, 84% (327), and only 21% (64) of them stated that they had no problem compared with 39% (11) and 36% (8) for removable appliance and clear aligner groups, respectively. Conclusion The COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact on orthodontic treatments. Almost every orthodontic patient had to stop attending their appointments, which put them in complicated situations and in fear of delayed treatment. Patients from a public clinic and patients with fixed appliances reported more problems than others. More attention should be giving to teleorthodontics; also orthodontists should prepare their patients to deal with some of the problems related to their appliances when possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour Bustati
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria.
| | - Nada Rajeh
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Sharan J, Chanu NI, Jena AK, Arunachalam S, Choudhary PK. COVID-19-Orthodontic Care During and After the Pandemic: A Narrative Review. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ORTHODONTIC SOCIETY 2020; 54:352-365. [PMID: 34191889 PMCID: PMC7899945 DOI: 10.1177/0301574220964634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To provide comprehensive information regarding the implications of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), mode of transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), and its effects on orthodontic care during the pandemic and post-pandemic outbreak of the disease, based on currently available literature and information. MATERIALS AND METHODS A comprehensive research for studies that focused on the COVID-19 pandemic and orthodontic care up to August 18, 2020, with no language restriction. The databases included PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Google Scholar, and COVID-19 Open Research Dataset (CORD-19) 2020. The research was focused on presenting symptoms, disease transmission, infection control, orthodontic care, and financial implications affecting the delivery of orthodontic treatment. The research also included reports from major health policy regulatory bodies such as World Health Organization, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, and major international dental and orthodontic societies and associations. The peer-reviewed publications and guidelines from the health regulatory authorities were given priority. RESULTS The latest information on the SARS-CoV-2 virus effects and orthodontic implications were arranged sequentially. The SARS-CoV-2 virus mode of transmission and its prevention were emphasized to keep the orthodontic and dental operatory safe for continuing practice. CONCLUSION The COVID-19 outbreak has changed the way orthodontics is practiced. Strict infection control, near-zero aerosol production, and minimal touch dentistry are the keys to prevent contamination of orthodontic operatory. During the pandemic, only emergency orthodontic procedures could be extended to the orthodontic patient while adhering to all the regulatory guidelines. Fortunately, to date, there is no reported case of cross-transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 virus at the dental setup.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jitendra Sharan
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Jena
- Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
| | - Sivakumar Arunachalam
- Head-Children and Community Oral Health Division, School of Dentistry, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Prabhat Kumar Choudhary
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Kaur H, Kochhar AS, Gupta H, Singh G, Kubavat A. Appropriate orthodontic appliances during the COVID-19 pandemic: A scoping review. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:782-787. [PMID: 33106770 PMCID: PMC7577275 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The esoteric Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection or COVID-19 has been an unusual plummet in dental/orthodontic practice. Based on current recommendations for various amendments in an orthodontic practice, this scoping review aims to identify orthodontic appliances that are most appropriate to us during this on-going pandemic. METHODS Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) were searched up until August 11, 2020. Full-text articles in English with keywords "COVID-19 and Orthodontics" and related search terms were included. RESULTS Out of 17 retracted articles, only 4 articles were found to be brief the choice for orthodontic appliances in pandemic times speculating clear aligner therapy (CAT) to be a pragmatic solution. The remaining articles were also thoroughly studied and the new norms set by the pandemic were determined. Criteria for orthodontic appliance selection included careful patient screening and collection of records, minimal physical visits, efficient use of technology, virtual consultations but the use of PPE for physical appointments; and lesser AGPs with a lesser risk of airborne transmission. CONCLUSIONS Subject to regional demands, CAT can be considered as the relatively safer modality-predictable and effective apposite to fixed orthodontic appliances in these unprecedented times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harneet Kaur
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Faculty of Dentistry, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Harshita Gupta
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Gurkeerat Singh
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Sudha Rustagi College of Dental Sciences and Research, Faridabad, Haryana, India
| | - Ajay Kubavat
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India
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Saki M, Zarif Najafi H. The COVID-19 pandemic suggests opportunities for researchers to investigate pertinent topics in orthodontics. Angle Orthod 2020; 90:742-744. [PMID: 32937660 DOI: 10.2319/0003-3219-90.5.742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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