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Bergamo AZN, Miguel LP, Delgado RZR, Palma-Dibb RG, Faraoni JJ, Gatón-Hernández P, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P. Efficacy of ClinproTMXT Varnish surrounding brackets on the enamel surface of white spot lesion. Braz Dent J 2023; 34:143-149. [PMID: 37909637 PMCID: PMC10642276 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202305405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontics patients usual develop demineralization and present cavity caries lesions after six months. Minimally invasive procedures have been the goal in modern dental practice. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of ClinproTMXT Varnish, on the enamel surface roughness and severity of white spot lesions. Twenty premolars were submitted to bond brackets and experimental induction of demineralization and randomly divided into 2 groups: GI - fluoride varnish (Colgate Duraphat®); GII - Ionomeric Sealant (ClinproTMXT Varnish). The treatment was applied around the brackets. The surface roughness of specimens was analyzed, before treatment and 12 weeks after treatment by laser confocal microscopy, and the severity of the white spot lesion was by laser fluorescence device. The data were analyzed by non-parametric Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney Test, at 5% significance, roughness percentage reduction was performed. The severity of demineralization decreased in both, GI (p = 0.005) and GII (p = 0.019). Enamel superficial roughness levels decreased in GI and GII. As well as the roughness percentage, being more expressive in the ClinproTMXT Varnish group (85,09%). Colgate Duraphat® or Clinpro™ XT Varnish reduced the severity of the demineralization and decreased the superficial roughness on the enamel. The Clinpro™ XT Varnish was superior to superficial roughness on enamel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucas Portilho Miguel
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Regina Guenka Palma-Dibb
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Jendiroba Faraoni
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Kadhim HA, Deb S, Ibrahim AI. Performance of novel enamel-conditioning calcium-phosphate pastes for orthodontic bonding: An in vitro study. J Clin Exp Dent 2023; 15:e102-e109. [PMID: 36911149 PMCID: PMC9994656 DOI: 10.4317/jced.60028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to develop remineralizing calcium-phosphate (CaP) etchant pastes for enamel conditioning before bracket bonding and evaluate the bonding performance, failure pattern, and enamel surface integrity post bracket debonding in comparison with the conventional phosphoric acid (PA) etchant gel. Material and Methods Micro-sized monocalcium phosphate monohydrate and hydroxyapatite (micro- and nano-sized) powders were mixed with various phosphoric and nitric acid concentrations to develop eight acidic CaP pastes. Ninety extracted human premolars were randomly assigned into eight experimental and one control group (n=10). The developed pastes and control (commercial 37% PA-gel) were applied onto the enamel using the etch-and-rinse protocol before bonding metal brackets. Shear bond strength and adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores were evaluated after 24 hours water storage (24 h) and post 5000 thermocycling (TC). Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to evaluate enamel damage after bracket debonding. Results The developed CaP pastes, excepting MNA1 and MPA1, resulted in significantly lower SBS values and ARI scores than 37% PA gel. Etching with 37% PA yielded roughened, cracked enamel surfaces with excessive retention of adhesive residue. In contrast, enamel treatment with the experimental pastes exhibited smooth, unblemished surfaces, with obvious CaP re-precipitation induced by mHPA2 and nHPA2 pastes and to a lesser extent by MPA2 paste. Conclusions Three newly developed CaP etchant pastes (MPA2, mHPA2, and nHPA2) can be promising alternative enamel conditioners that outperform conventional PA by generating adequate bracket bond strengths besides precipitating CaP crystals on the enamel. Moreover, these pastes maintained unblemished enamel surfaces with no or minimal adhesive residue after bracket removal. Key words:Enamel Conditioning, Calcium Phosphate, Bracket Bond Strength, Orthodontic Bonding, enamel damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder A Kadhim
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.,Department of P.O.P., College of Dentistry, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
| | - Sanjukta Deb
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ali I Ibrahim
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
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Evaluation of Infiltrant Application in the Course of Root Cementum Caries with Different Methods of Surface Preparation—An In Vitro Study. COATINGS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings12050675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to evaluate the depth of penetration of an experimental preparation with the characteristics of a dental infiltrant into the decalcified root cementum tissue and observation of the root cementum tissue subjected to a single and repeated twice hydrochloric acid etching process. The study material consisted of 20 human teeth (the study group—12 demineralised teeth, the control group—8 teeth). A commercially available Icon preparation and an experimental preparation were used for the study with addition 2% of YF3 (yttrium trifluoride) added as an indicator to facilitate microscopic observation. Each tooth was divided into two zones, blue (Icon) and red (experimental preparation). The teeth were divided into two subgroups—in the first subgroup, the etching preparation was applied once, in the second subgroup twice, and at the end the teeth were infiltrated with the experimental preparation and the Icon preparation. The study of tooth longitudinal section morphology and chemical composition was performed with the use of a Hitachi S-3400N scanning electron microscope. Microscopic observations show that the applied YF3 tracer in most cases agglomerates and remains in the form of conglomerates on the surface of the root cementum. Single particles of YF3 are visible, penetrating through the cementum tissues into the root dentine structure. The degree of tissue infiltration with the resin (depth of penetration into decalcified tissues) is visible at a depth of approx. 80–120 μm. In the test group subjected to a single etching process, good penetration of both resins was noticeable, however, excessive erosion of the root surface was evident in several of the specimens—indicating that damage occurred as a result of the etching process. In the test group subjected to two etching processes, excessive erosion of the cementum is visible in each deposit.
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Barnhart EC, Campbell PM, Noureldin A, Julien K, Buschang PH. The quality of etched enamel in different regions and tooth types and its significance in bonding and the development of white spot lesions. Angle Orthod 2021; 91:576-582. [PMID: 33760026 DOI: 10.2319/090120-761.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify differences in the etch quality of enamel within and between human teeth, which has not previously been attempted. MATERIALS AND METHODS The buccal right and left halves of 27 extracted human teeth were randomly allocated to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) or micro-computed tomography (μCT) for evaluation. The buccal surfaces were pumiced, etched with 37% phosphoric acid gel etchant for 15 seconds, rinsed, and air dried. Each tooth was divided into three regions (incisal, middle, and cervical) and viewed after etching at 1200× magnification with SEM. The μCT scans were taken before and after etching to calculate apparent and material mineral densities. RESULTS SEM showed greater aprismatic enamel and poorer etch quality (ie, significantly less percentage enamel) for the posterior than anterior teeth and for the cervical region than for the incisal and middle regions of all teeth. Although there were no density differences prior to etching, μCT demonstrated that etching increased material density significantly more for the anterior than posterior teeth. Prior to etching, the enamel in the cervical regions was significantly less dense than the enamel in the middle or incisal regions. Etching significantly increased the material density of all three regions, which decreased initial regional differences. After etching, the apparent density of the cervical region remained significantly lower than the densities of the other two regions. CONCLUSIONS Based on SEM and μCT, there is greater aprismatic enamel and inferior etch quality in the cervical regions of all tooth types and is clinically significant in explaining the failure of sealant retention and the propensity for white spot lesions.
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Pinzan-Vercelino CRM, Souza Costa AC, Gurgel JA, Salvatore Freitas KM. Comparison of enamel surface roughness and color alteration after bracket debonding and polishing with 2 systems: A split-mouth clinical trial. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 160:686-694. [PMID: 34332796 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2020.06.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This split-mouth randomized clinical trial aimed to compare the enamel surface roughness (SR) and color alteration after bracket debonding and polishing using 2 systems. METHODS After removal of excess adhesive using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur on a low-speed handpiece, a randomized polishing procedure using Sof-Lex discs was applied on 1 side (n = 36) and Sof-Lex Spiral Wheels on the contralateral side (n = 36). Dental replicas were obtained with epoxy resin before bracket bonding and after tooth polishing. The SR was evaluated using a profilometer. The color was assessed using an Easyshade spectrophotometer before bracket bonding, immediately after tooth polishing, and 30 days after polishing. Two-way analysis of variance and t tests were applied for statistical analysis. RESULTS The SR of enamel showed similar results between the polishing systems (P = 0.309) and between moments (before bracket bonding and after tooth polishing) (P = 0.317). The color change was also similar between the polishing systems (P >0.05). CONCLUSIONS The Sof-Lex discs and Sof-Lex Spiral Wheel polishing systems used after removal of excess adhesive using a 12-blade tungsten carbide bur on a low-speed handpiece did not appear to significantly damage the enamel surface, and the color change was similar between them.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Júlio Araújo Gurgel
- Department of Orthodontics, State University of São Paulo, Marília, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ibrahim AI, Thompson VP, Deb S. A Novel Etchant System for Orthodontic Bracket Bonding. Sci Rep 2019; 9:9579. [PMID: 31270352 PMCID: PMC6610079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-45980-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthodontic treatment is widely used to correct irregular teeth and/or jaw discrepancies to improve oral function and facial aesthetics. However, it is frequently associated with enamel damage that include chipping, demineralisation, and white spot formation. So far, current bonding systems that can maintain shear bond strengths (SBS) suitable for clinical performance are unable to limit enamel demineralisation, adhesive remnants and damage caused on removal of brackets after treatment. This study reports a novel "safe enamel etch" clinically viable procedure that was accomplished via application of novel etchant pastes developed with β-tricalcium phosphate and monocalcium phosphate monohydrate powders mixed with citric acid (5 M) or phosphoric acid (37% PA) to yield BCA and BPA etchants respectively. Although enamel etched with clinically used PA gel yielded higher SBS than the BCA/BPA etchants, it exhibited greater adhesive remnants with evidence of enamel damage. In contrast, the experimental etchants resulted in unblemished enamel surfaces with zero or minimal adhesive residue and clinically acceptable SBS. Furthermore, the BPA etchant caused lower enamel decalcification with extensive calcium-phosphate precipitation. The study conclusively showed that BPA facilitated in vitro enamel adhesion without detrimental effects of the aggressive PA gel with potential for remineralisation and saving time at the post-debonding step.
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Affiliation(s)
- A I Ibrahim
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - V P Thompson
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK
| | - S Deb
- Centre for Oral, Clinical and Translational Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
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Loganathan S, Santhanakrishnan S, Bathe R, Arunachalam M. Surface Processing: An Elegant Way to Enhance the Femtosecond Laser Ablation Rate and Ablation Efficiency on Human Teeth. Lasers Surg Med 2019; 51:797-807. [DOI: 10.1002/lsm.23105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sarathkumar Loganathan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering SectionIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Soundarapandian Santhanakrishnan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering SectionIndian Institute of Technology MadrasChennai 600036 Tamil Nadu India
| | - Ravi Bathe
- International Advanced Research Centre for Powder Metallurgy and New Materials (ARCI)Centre for Laser Processing of MaterialsHyderabad 500005 Telangana India
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Viskic J, Jokic D, Jakovljevic S, Bergman L, Ortolan SM, Mestrovic S, Mehulic K. Scanning electron microscope comparative surface evaluation of glazed-lithium disilicate ceramics under different irradiation settings of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers. Angle Orthod 2017; 88:75-81. [PMID: 29039965 DOI: 10.2319/062017-408.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the surface of glazed lithium disilicate dental ceramics after irradiation under different irradiation settings of Nd:YAG and Er:YAG lasers using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). MATERIALS AND METHODS Three glazed-press lithium disilicate ceramic discs were treated with HF, Er:YAG, and Nd:YAG, respectively. The laser-setting variables tested were laser mode, repetition rate (Hz), power (W), time of exposure (seconds), and laser energy (mJ). Sixteen different variable settings were tested for each laser type, and all the samples were analyzed by SEM at 500× and 1000× magnification. RESULTS Surface analysis of the HF-treated sample showed a typical surface texture with a homogenously rough pattern and exposed ceramic crystals. Er:YAG showed no effect on the surface under any irradiation setting. The surface of Nd:YAG-irradiated samples showed cracking, melting, and resolidifying of the ceramic glaze. These changes became more pronounced as the power increased. At the highest power setting (2.25 W), craters on the surface with large areas of melted or resolidified glaze surrounded by globules were visible. However, there was little to no exposure of ceramic crystals or visible regular surface roughening. CONCLUSIONS Neither Er:YAG nor Nd:YAG dental lasers exhibited adequate surface modification for bonding of orthodontic brackets on glazed lithium disilicate ceramics compared with the control treated with 9.5% HF.
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