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Weber J, Scholz KJ, Schenke IM, Pfab F, Cieplik F, Hiller KA, Buchalla W, Sahm C, Kirschneck C, Paddenberg-Schubert E. Randomized controlled clinical trial on the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial chewing gum in reducing plaque and gingivitis in adolescent orthodontic patients. Clin Oral Investig 2024; 28:272. [PMID: 38664261 PMCID: PMC11045642 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-024-05669-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chewing gums containing antiseptics or other antimicrobial substances may be effective in reducing plaque and gingivitis. Therefore, the aim of this randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial was to investigate the efficacy of a novel antimicrobial chewing gum containing essential oils (cinnamon, lemon, peppermint) and extracts on reduction of dental plaque and gingivitis as well as on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in adolescent orthodontic patients. MATERIALS 52 patients (11-22 years of age) were randomly assigned to use a test chewing gum (COVIDGUM, Clevergum) or a commercially available control chewing gum over a period of 10 days. Approximal plaque index (API), papillary bleeding index (PBI) and an OHRQoL questionnaire for children (COHIP-G19) were assessed at baseline (BL), after 10 days (10d) and 30 days (30d). In addition, oral health and oral hygiene related questions of the COHIP-G19 questionnaire were evaluated separately in subscales at each timepoint. Data were analyzed using non-parametrical statistical procedures (α = 0.05). RESULTS API and PBI decreased significantly over time from BL to 10d and from BL to 30d in both groups, without significant differences between the groups. In both groups, the COHIP-G19 score, oral health subscale and oral hygiene subscale decreased significantly over time. Regarding the oral hygiene subscale, the test group showed significantly better scores at 30d (p = 0.011). CONCLUSION Both chewing gums performed similarly effective in terms of reducing plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation and improving OHRQoL. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Chewing gums without antimicrobial ingredients may be sufficient to decrease plaque accumulation and gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Weber
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konstantin J Scholz
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Isabelle M Schenke
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Private pediatric dental practice, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Florian Pfab
- Department of Dermatology and Allergology, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Medical Department Eintracht, Frankfurt Soccer AG, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Fabian Cieplik
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Center for Dental Medicine, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karl-Anton Hiller
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Buchalla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Camilla Sahm
- Department of Orthodontics, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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González DA, Bianchi ML, Armada M, Escalante AC, Salgado PA, Seni S, Citera G, Ferrary T, Orman B. Hyposalivation and periodontal disease as oral non-articular characteristics in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Rheumatol 2024; 43:95-102. [PMID: 37507614 DOI: 10.1007/s10067-023-06718-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association among rheumatoid arthritis (RA), saliva production, and periodontal status. METHODS An observational study was carried out on 103 subjects with RA and 103 without RA matched by sex and age. Rheumatologic evaluation included serological and clinical variables. A full mouth periodontal examination was performed according to the American Academy of Periodontology (1999). Resting and stimulated whole salivary flows were determined after spiting during 5 min. RESULTS RA was associated with a higher prevalence of severe periodontitis (12% vs. 4%), with a marked reduction in resting and stimulated saliva production, and with a higher prevalence of resting (19% vs. 0%) and also stimulated hyposalivation (54% vs. 10%), compared with the control group. The differences in mean resting and stimulated salivary flows between RA and control groups persisted after the exclusion of people with hyposalivation. Saliva production was not associated with the presence or the severity of periodontal disease, or with the rheumatic clinical characteristics of the patients. CONCLUSIONS More than 50% of people with RA have some degree of reduction in their salivary flows, an affection not associated with the periodontal status or rheumatic activity, which are the expression of the two related inflammatory diseases. The influence of autonomic dysfunction on hyposalivation can be considered. While periodontitis would be a disease-associated comorbidity of RA, poor saliva production should be included among the extra-articular manifestations. Key Points • Rheumatoid arthritis patients are more prone to suffer from periodontitis and/or hyposalivation. • Periodontal disease is more prevalent in people with rheumatoid arthritis and also an association was found between the severities of both pathologies. • More than 50% of people with RA would have some degree of reduction in their salivary flows, an affection not associated with the periodontal status or rheumatic activity. • Reduced saliva production in rheumatoid arthritis patients should be included among the extra-articular manifestations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora A González
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Biofísica y Bioestadística, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María L Bianchi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Armada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Angélica Castro Escalante
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Farmacología, M. T. de Alvear 2142 4to. Piso "B", 1122AAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pablo A Salgado
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Odontología Preventiva y Comunitaria, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Seni
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Cirugía I, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Citera
- Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Teresita Ferrary
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Medicina Interna, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Instituto de Rehabilitación Psicofísica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Betina Orman
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Farmacología, M. T. de Alvear 2142 4to. Piso "B", 1122AAH, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Giacaman RA, Umaña R, Nuñez MJ, Díaz-Garrido N, Echeverría C, García-Manríquez N, Mira A, Fernández CE, Gambetta-Tessini K, Lozano CP. Saliva Decreases Sucrose-Induced Cariogenicity in an Experimental Biological Caries Model. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1426. [PMID: 37374928 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whether a minimum quantity of saliva inhibit the caries process remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate the impact of saliva dilutions on an in vitro caries model using Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) biofilms. METHODS S. mutans biofilms were cultivated on enamel and root dentin slabs, in culture media containing different proportions of saliva (v/v): 0%, 5%, 10%, 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% saliva, and exposed to a 10% sucrose solution (5 min, 3x/day), with appropriate controls. After 5 (enamel) and 4 (dentin) days, demineralization, biomass, viable bacteria, and polysaccharide formation were analyzed. The acidogenicity of the spent media was monitored overtime. Each assay was performed in triplicate across two independent experiments (n = 6). RESULTS In both enamel and dentin, an inverse relationship was observed between acidogenicity, demineralization, and the proportion of saliva. Even small quantities of saliva incorporated into the media led to a noticeable reduction in enamel and dentin demineralization. Saliva presence resulted in significant reductions in biomass, viable S. mutans cells, and polysaccharides, with the effects being concentration-dependent for both tissues. CONCLUSIONS High quantities of saliva can almost completely inhibit sucrose-induced cariogenicity, while even small amounts exhibit a dose-dependent caries-protective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo A Giacaman
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
- Interuniversity Center for Healthy Aging, Consortium of Chilean State Universities, Chilecito 03825, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Umaña
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - María José Nuñez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Natalia Díaz-Garrido
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Constanza Echeverría
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Natalia García-Manríquez
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Alex Mira
- Genomics and Health Department, Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), 46020 Valencia, Spain
| | - Constanza E Fernández
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Karla Gambetta-Tessini
- Cariology Unit, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Talca, Talca 3462227, Chile
| | - Carla P Lozano
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Oral Biology, Institute for Research in Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago 8330111, Chile
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Lomelí-Martínez SM, González-Hernández LA, Ruiz-Anaya AJ, Lomelí-Martínez MA, Martínez-Salazar SY, Mercado González AE, Andrade-Villanueva JF, Varela-Hernández JJ. Oral Manifestations Associated with HIV/AIDS Patients. Medicina (Kaunas) 2022; 58. [PMID: 36143891 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58091214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Oral manifestations are early and important clinical indicators of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection since they can occur in up to 50% of HIV-infected patients and in up to 80% of patients at the AIDS stage (<200 CD4+ T lymphocytes). Oral health is related to physical and mental well-being because the presence of some lesions can compromise dental aesthetics, and alter speech, chewing, and swallowing, thus impacting the quality of life of patients. For this reason, it is necessary to integrate, as part of the medical treatment of HIV-positive patients, the prevention, diagnosis, and control of oral health. It is essential that health professionals have the power to identify, diagnose, and treat oral pathologies through clinical characteristics, etiological agents, and risk factors, both local and systemic. A diagnosis at an early stage of injury allows optimizing and prioritizing oral treatments, especially in acute pathologies, such as gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis. In this group of patients, the development of strategies for the prevention, control, and reduction of these pathologies must be prioritized in order to reduce morbidity and mortality in this group of patients.
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dos Santos Letieri A, Siqueira WL, Solon-de-mello M, Masterson D, Freitas-fernandes LB, Valente AP, Ribeiro de Souza IP, da Silva Fidalgo TK, Maia LC. A critical review on the association of hyposalivation and dental caries in children and adolescents. Arch Oral Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Hatipoğlu Ö, Önsüren AS, Hatipoğlu FP, Kurt A. Caries-related salivary parameters and oral microbial flora in patients with type 1 diabetes: A meta-analysis. Diabetes Metab Res Rev 2022; 38:e3527. [PMID: 35289060 DOI: 10.1002/dmrr.3527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to conduct a meta-analysis by synthesising the outcomes of studies that investigated the relationship between type 1 diabetes (T1D) and salivary flow rate (SFR), salivary pH (SpH), salivary buffer capacity (SBC), streptococcus Mutans (SM), and lactobacillus (LB) counts. MATERIAL AND METHODS The PRISMA statement guide was followed for the meta-analysis. Electronic databases were searched, and study selection and data collection processes were performed. The risks of bias in individual studies and across studies were assessed. Mean differences (MD) and Odds Ratio (OR) were used to measure the effect estimates in the comparisons. RESULTS 29 studies were included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. Significantly higher SFR (MD = -0.22, CI: -0.26, -0.18; p < 0.001) and SpH (MD = -0.59, CI: -0.81, -0.36; p < 0.001) were observed in the healthy individuals than T1D individuals. No significant difference was observed among groups in terms of SBC (MD = 0.10, CI: -0.46,0.66; p = 0.73). An increased odds ratio of SM counts were observed regarding the T1D (OR = 3.09, 95% CI: 1.16, 8.20; p = 0.02). No association was found between LB counts and T1D (OR = 2.15, 95% CI: 0.38, 11.98; p = 0.38). CONCLUSIONS Subjects with T1D have a significantly lesser SFR and SpH than healthy individuals. But no significant difference is available in terms of SBC. Lower SM counts were observed in individuals with T1D, while no association was observed regarding LB counts. The tendency to dental caries is more likely in subjects with T1D due to lower SFR, SpH, and higher SM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ömer Hatipoğlu
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | | | | | - Ayça Kurt
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Recep Tayyip Erdoğan University, Rize, Turkey
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Krause J, Brokmann F, Rosenbaum C, Weitschies W. The challenges of drug delivery to the esophagus and how to overcome them. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:119-131. [DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2033206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julius Krause
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Friederike Brokmann
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Christoph Rosenbaum
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Werner Weitschies
- University of Greifswald, Institute of Pharmacy, Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Center of Drug Absorption and Transport, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 3, 17489 Greifswald, Germany
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Becerra-Ruiz JS, Ramírez-De los Santos S, Alonso-Sánchez CC, Martínez-Esquivias F, Martínez-Pérez LA, Padilla-González AC, Rivera-Santana GA, Guerrero- Velázquez C, López-Pulido EI, Guzmán-Flores JM. Tumour necrosis factor-alpha polymorphism -308 G/a and its protein in subjects with gingivitis. Acta Odontol Scand 2021; 79:630-635. [PMID: 34027804 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2021.1928280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the association between tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF- α) (-308 G/A) polymorphism and gingivitis, and serum and salivary TNF- α levels, in a Mexican population. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study enrolled 171 subjects, divided into two groups: healthy subjects and gingivitis patients. TNF- α (-308 G/A) gene polymorphism was analyzed by PCR-RFLP assay. Salivary and serum samples were used to measure cytokine levels through the ELISA technique. RESULTS TNF- α (-308 G/A) polymorphism was shown to have a protective effect in carriers of the A/A genotype and allele A. The G/A genotype is associated with an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in the gingivitis group. Healthy individuals had higher levels of salivary TNF- α and HDL-C, and increased salivary flow. Triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were increased in the gingivitis group. No statistical differences were found in serum TNF- α levels. CONCLUSION Our data demonstrate that the TNF- α -308 A/A genotype exerts a protective effect against gingivitis. Moreover, oral conditions are associated with some biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Saúl Ramírez-De los Santos
- Biosciences Research Institute, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, México
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Celia Guerrero- Velázquez
- Institute for Research in Dentistry, University Center for Health Sciences, University of Guadalajara, Guadalajara, México
| | - Edgar Iván López-Pulido
- Biosciences Research Institute, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, México
| | - Juan Manuel Guzmán-Flores
- Biosciences Research Institute, Los Altos University Center, University of Guadalajara, Tepatitlán de Morelos, México
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Johansson K, Lindström M, Alhabshi M, Ahmad M, Svensson PJ, Becktor JP. Estimation of Blood Loss in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery by Measurements of Low Haemoglobin Levels in Mixtures of Blood, Saliva and Saline: a Laboratory Study. J Oral Maxillofac Res 2021; 12:e3. [PMID: 34377380 PMCID: PMC8326882 DOI: 10.5037/jomr.2021.12203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Estimating blood loss is an important factor in several surgical procedures. The accuracy of blood loss measurements in situations where blood is mixed with saliva and saline is however uncertain. The purpose of this laboratory study was to ascertain if blood loss measurements in mixtures of blood, saline, and saliva are reliable and could be applicable in a clinical setting. Material and Methods Venous blood and resting saliva were collected from six volunteers. Saliva, saline, and combinations thereof were mixed with blood to obtain different concentrations. A portable spectrophotometer was first used to measure the haemoglobin concentration in undiluted venous blood followed by measurements of the haemoglobin concentration after each dilution. To examine the strength of linear relationships, linear regression and Pearson correlations were used. Results The measurements of haemoglobin concentrations in mixtures of blood, saline, and saliva were proven to be accurate for haemoglobin measurements > 0.3 g/dl (correlation = 0.986 to 1). For haemoglobin measurements < 0.3 g/dl, a small increase in haemoglobin values were reported, which was directly associated to the saliva concentration in the solution (correlation = 0.983 to 1). This interference of saliva was significantly eliminated by diluting the samples with saline, mimicking the clinical situation. Conclusions The results suggest that a portable spectrophotometer can be used clinically to preoperatively measure the haemoglobin value of a venous blood sample and postoperatively measure the haemoglobin value of the collected liquids, including shed blood, thereby achieving a highly accurate method of measuring blood loss during oral and maxillofacial surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krister Johansson
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, MalmöSweden.,Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Skåne University Hospital, LundSweden
| | - Martin Lindström
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, MalmöSweden
| | - Manaf Alhabshi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, MalmöSweden
| | - Marianne Ahmad
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, MalmöSweden
| | - Peter J Svensson
- Department of Translational Medicine, Clinical Coagulation Research Unit, Skåne University Hospital, MalmöSweden
| | - Jonas P Becktor
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Oral Medicine, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, MalmöSweden
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Griessl T, Zechel-Gran S, Olejniczak S, Weigel M, Hain T, Domann E. High-resolution taxonomic examination of the oral microbiome after oil pulling with standardized sunflower seed oil and healthy participants: a pilot study. Clin Oral Investig 2021; 25:2689-2703. [PMID: 32949257 PMCID: PMC8060239 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03582-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed at the high-resolution examination of the oral microbiome depending on oil pulling, compared it with saline pulling, and analyzed whether the method is capable of reducing the overall microbial burden of the oral cavity. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study was a cohort study with three healthy subjects. Oil pulling samples, saline pulling samples, and saliva samples were microscoped and cultured under microaerophilic and anaerobic conditions; colony-forming units were counted; and cultivated bacteria were identified employing MALDI-TOF MS. The oral microbiomes (saliva) and the microbiota incorporated in oil and saline pulling samples were determined in toto by using 16S rDNA next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics. RESULTS Microscopy revealed that oral epithelial cells are ensheathed with distinct oil droplets during oil pulling. Oil pulling induced a higher production of saliva and the oil/saliva emulsion contained more bacteria than saline pulling samples. Oil pulling resulted in a significant and transient reduction of the overall microbial burden in comparison to saliva examined prior to and after pulling. Both oil and saline pulling samples mirrored the individual oral microbiomes in saliva. CONCLUSIONS Within the limitations of this pilot study, it might be concluded that oil pulling is able to reduce the overall microbial burden of the oral cavity transiently and the microbiota in oil pulling samples are representative to the oral microbiome. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Within the limitations of this pilot study, it might be concluded that oil pulling can be considered as an enlargement of standard oral hygiene techniques since it has the characteristic of an oral massage, enwrapping epithelial cells carrying bacteria in oil vesicles and reaching almost all unique habitats in oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Griessl
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Silke Zechel-Gran
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Stefan Olejniczak
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Markus Weigel
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Hain
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Eugen Domann
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, German Center for Infection Research (DZIF Partner Site Giessen-Marburg-Langen), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Schubertstrasse 81, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Kado I, Kunimatsu R, Yoshimi Y, Medina CC, Yamada S, Tanimoto K. Surveillance of salivary properties of pre-orthodontic patients in relation to age and sex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6555. [PMID: 33753772 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85861-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva plays an important role in masticatory function and protection from dental caries. Although studies have been conducted on saliva properties, their results vary widely depending on population settings. Hence, this study was performed to evaluate the results of saliva properties in individuals who attended their first visit for orthodontic treatment. A total of 619 participants were included (387 females and 232 males; mean age: 14.6 years). We conducted oral examinations and saliva (stimulated) tests and evaluated the saliva flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity, along with bacterial culture. Saliva flow rate, pH, and buffering capacity were significantly higher in males than in females. However, the Streptococcus mutans score was significantly higher in females than in males even though oral hygiene was better in females. Significant positive correlations were found between age and saliva flow rate and S. mutans score. On the contrary, significant negative correlations were found between age and pH and buffering capacity. These results were similar to other studies where the target population was children or teenagers. Saliva properties of patients starting orthodontic treatment were almost the same as in populations of similar ages.
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Hashimoto H, Hashimoto S, Shimazaki Y. Relationship between Tooth Loss and the Medications Used for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Japanese Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10040876. [PMID: 33672719 PMCID: PMC7924336 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10040876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There is limited information regarding the association between tooth loss and the medications used for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Here, we examined the association between tooth loss, disease severity, and drug treatment regimens in RA patients. Method: This study recruited 94 Japanese patients with RA. The severity of RA was assessed using the Steinbrocker classification of class and stage. Data on RA medications were obtained from medical records. We examined the associations between tooth loss, RA severity, and drug treatment regi mens using multinomial logistic regression analyses. Results: Patients with 1–19 teeth had significantly higher odds ratios (ORs) of taking methotrexate (MTX) (OR, 8.74; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.11–68.8) and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) (OR, 21.0; 95% CI, 1.3–339.1) compared to those with 27–28 teeth when adjusted for RA severity (class). Furthermore, patients with 1–19 teeth had significantly higher ORs of taking MTX (OR, 9.71; 95% CI, 1.22–77.1) and bDMARDs (OR, 50.2; 95% CI, 2.55–990.6) compared to those with 27–28 teeth when adjusted for RA severity (stage). Conclusion: RA patients with fewer teeth were more likely to take stronger RA therapies, independent of RA severity and other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroko Hashimoto
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan;
| | | | - Yoshihiro Shimazaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya 464-8650, Japan;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-52-751-2561; Fax: +81-52-751-2566
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Marotz C, Morton JT, Navarro P, Coker J, Belda-Ferre P, Knight R, Zengler K. Quantifying Live Microbial Load in Human Saliva Samples over Time Reveals Stable Composition and Dynamic Load. mSystems 2021; 6:e01182-20. [PMID: 33594005 DOI: 10.1128/mSystems.01182-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Evaluating microbial community composition through next-generation sequencing has become increasingly accessible. However, metagenomic sequencing data sets provide researchers with only a snapshot of a dynamic ecosystem and do not provide information about the total microbial number, or load, of a sample. Additionally, DNA can be detected long after a microorganism is dead, making it unsafe to assume that all microbial sequences detected in a community came from living organisms. By combining relic DNA removal by propidium monoazide (PMA) with microbial quantification with flow cytometry, we present a novel workflow to quantify live microbial load in parallel with metagenomic sequencing. We applied this method to unstimulated saliva samples, which can easily be collected longitudinally and standardized by passive collection time. We found that the number of live microorganisms detected in saliva was inversely correlated with salivary flow rate and fluctuated by an order of magnitude throughout the day in healthy individuals. In an acute perturbation experiment, alcohol-free mouthwash resulted in a massive decrease in live bacteria, which would have been missed if we did not consider dead cell signal. While removing relic DNA from saliva samples did not greatly impact the microbial composition, it did increase our resolution among samples collected over time. These results provide novel insight into the dynamic nature of host-associated microbiomes and underline the importance of applying scale-invariant tools in the analysis of next-generation sequencing data sets. IMPORTANCE Human microbiomes are dynamic ecosystems often composed of hundreds of unique microbial taxa. To detect fluctuations over time in the human oral microbiome, we developed a novel workflow to quantify live microbial cells with flow cytometry in parallel with next-generation sequencing, and applied this method to over 150 unstimulated, timed saliva samples. Microbial load was inversely correlated with salivary flow rate and fluctuated by an order of magnitude within a single participant throughout the day. Removing relic DNA improved our ability to distinguish samples over time and revealed that the percentage of sequenced bacteria in a given saliva sample that are alive can range from nearly 0% up to 100% throughout a typical day. These findings highlight the dynamic ecosystem of the human oral microbiome and the benefit of removing relic DNA signals in longitudinal microbiome study designs.
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Morishita S, Ohara Y, Iwasaki M, Edahiro A, Motokawa K, Shirobe M, Furuya J, Watanabe Y, Suga T, Kanehisa Y, Ohuchi A, Hirano H. Relationship between Mortality and Oral Function of Older People Requiring Long-Term Care in Rural Areas of Japan: A Four-Year Prospective Cohort Study. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18041723. [PMID: 33579046 PMCID: PMC7916757 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Oral ingestion influences the life sustenance, quality of life, and dignity of older adults. Thus, it is an important issue in medical care and the welfare of older adults. The purpose of this four-year prospective cohort study was to investigate the relationship between mortality and oral function among older adults who required long-term care and were living in different settings in a rural area of Japan. This study included 289 participants aged 65 and older who required long-term care and lived in the former Omorimachi area in Yokote City, Akita Prefecture, located in northern Japan. Following the baseline survey, mortality data were collected over four years; 102 participants (35.3%) died during that time. A significant difference was noted in the overall survival rates between the groups with good and deterioration of oral function such as oral dryness, rinsing ability, swallowing function, and articulation, based on Log-rank test results. After adjusting for various potential confounders using Cox proportional-hazards regression, oral dryness (HR: 1.83, 95% confidence interval: 1.12−3.00) was significantly associated with mortality within four years. This study revealed that oral dryness influences the life prognosis of older adults who receive long-term care in different settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Morishita
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Meikai University, 1 Akemi, Urayasu-City, Chiba 279-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.K.)
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (M.I.); (A.E.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
- Division of Welfare, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8518, Japan;
| | - Yuki Ohara
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (M.I.); (A.E.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-33-964-3241 (ext. 4211); Fax: +81-33-964-2316
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (M.I.); (A.E.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Ayako Edahiro
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (M.I.); (A.E.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Keiko Motokawa
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (M.I.); (A.E.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Maki Shirobe
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (M.I.); (A.E.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
| | - Junichi Furuya
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, 2-1-1 Kitasenzoku, Ohta-Ku, Tokyo 145-8515, Japan;
| | - Yutaka Watanabe
- Gerodontology, Department of Oral Health Science, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Nishi-7, Kita-13, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan;
| | - Takeo Suga
- Department of Geriatric Dentistry, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Yokohama 230-8501, Japan;
| | - Yayoi Kanehisa
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Meikai University, 1 Akemi, Urayasu-City, Chiba 279-8550, Japan; (S.M.); (Y.K.)
| | - Akitugu Ohuchi
- Division of Welfare, Faculty of Dentistry & Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, 2-746 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-Ku, Niigata 951-8518, Japan;
| | - Hirohiko Hirano
- Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, 35-2 Sakae-Cho, Itabashi-Ku, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan; (M.I.); (A.E.); (K.M.); (M.S.); (H.H.)
- Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
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Koshi R, Matsumoto K, Imanishi Y, Kawato T, Sato S, Shimba S, Arai Y, Honda K. Morphological characteristics of interalveolar septum and mandible in BMAL1 gene knockout mice. J Oral Sci 2021; 63:83-86. [DOI: 10.2334/josnusd.20-0403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Koshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kunihito Matsumoto
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Yusuke Imanishi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Takayuki Kawato
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Functional Morphology, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Shuichi Sato
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Department of Periodontology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Shigeki Shimba
- Department of Health Science, School of Pharmacy, Nihon University
| | - Yoshinori Arai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
| | - Kazuya Honda
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Nihon University School of Dentistry
- Division of Advanced Dental Treatment, Dental Research Center, Nihon University School of Dentistry
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Saito M, Shimazaki Y, Nonoyama T, Tadokoro Y. Association of oral health factors related to oral function with mortality in older Japanese. Gerodontology 2020; 38:166-173. [PMID: 33184952 DOI: 10.1111/ger.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effects of oral health factors related to oral function and their combination on mortality in older people. BACKGROUND Recent studies have reported that oral factors, including oral function, are associated with mortality. MATERIALS AND METHODS The participants were 4765 community-dwelling individuals aged 75 and 80 years. The follow-up period for survival or death was 3.5 years, and the date of death was defined based on data managed by the insurer. A Cox proportional hazard model was applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for mortality as dependent variables for oral health factors, including the number of teeth, swallowing disability, oral dryness and oral hygiene and the combinations of oral health factors as independent variables. RESULTS In univariate analyses, all four oral health factors were significantly associated with mortality. After adjusting for age, sex, smoking, body mass index and medical history, and analysing the oral health factors separately, swallowing difficulty had the highest HR for mortality (adjusted HR, 2.12; 95% CI, 1.35-3.33). In the analysis using combinations of oral health factors as the independent variable, the participants with swallowing disability, oral dryness and poor oral hygiene had the highest HR for mortality (adjusted HR, 8.35; 95% CI, 3.45-21.08). CONCLUSION Oral health factors related to oral function appear to be associated with mortality risk and an accumulation of oral health factors increases mortality risk among older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mizuki Saito
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Shimazaki
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshiya Nonoyama
- Department of Preventive Dentistry and Dental Public Health, School of Dentistry, Aichi Gakuin University, Nagoya, Japan
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Araujo NS, das Graças Alonso Oliveira M, Neto AVB, de Oliveira Lima Arsati YB, Dos Santos JN, Cury PR. Salivary flow rates and buffer capacity and its relationship with oral health status: a cross-sectional study on crack-cocaine-addicted males. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2020; 27:41876-41884. [PMID: 32700275 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-10143-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study evaluated the saliva profile in crack-cocaine-addicted males and its relationship with dental caries, periodontal disease, and oral mucosal lesion (OML) using 148 adult male volunteers (37 addicted; 111 non-addicted) at the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia. Data on decayed, missing and filled teeth (DMFT), periodontal disease and OML were collected from the clinical examination of the participants. Samples were analysed for the salivary flow rate (SFR) of unstimulated and wax-stimulated whole saliva and the saliva buffer capacity. Bivariate and regression analyses were conducted to assess the salivary profile and its association with the oral status of addicted participants (α = 0.05). The mean buffer capacity of stimulated saliva was significantly lower in the addicted participants (pH 5.2 ± 1.7) than in the non-addicted group (pH 5.8 ± 1.3, p = 0.03). In the addicted group, OML was associated with a stimulated SFR < 1.0 mL/min (OR = 11.98, 95% CI = 1.30-27.10, p = 0.04). The DMFT index and periodontal disease were not associated with the salivary profile, but with older age (OR = 7.20, 95% CI = 1.51-31.14, p = 0.01) and lower education levels (OR = 24.00, 95% CI = 1.68-341.00, p = 0.02), respectively. In conclusion, addiction was associated with the lower buffer capacity of stimulated saliva, and OML was associated with lower-stimulated salivary flow rate. Periodontal disease or DMFT was not associated with salivary factors in addicted males. Therapy approaches dealing with saliva status may be important for use with addicted males to reduce OMLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nara Santos Araujo
- Program of Post-graduation and Dentistry and Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, no. 62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Maria das Graças Alonso Oliveira
- Department of Propaedeutic and Integrated Clinic, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, no.62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Antenor Vieira Borges Neto
- School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, no.62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Ynara Bosco de Oliveira Lima Arsati
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Dentistry, State University of Feira de Santana, Pc Purificação, no.48, Santo Amaro, Feira de Santana, Bahia, 44200-000, Brazil
| | - Jean Nunes Dos Santos
- Department of Oral Pathology, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, no.62, Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil
| | - Patricia Ramos Cury
- Department of Periodontics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia, Av. Araújo Pinho, 62. Canela, Salvador, Bahia, 40110-150, Brazil.
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Abstract
Background: Salivary nitric oxide plays an important role as an antibacterial agent in the oral cavity. Here, we analyze salivary nitric oxide, Simplified Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-S) scores and the salivary flow rate in smokers and non-smokers which has not been done previously. Methods: A cross sectional study included 25 smokers and 25 non-smokers. Their OHI-S results were categorized as "good," "medium," or "bad." Unstimulated saliva samples were collected, and their nitric oxide concentration was measured using the Griess method. Results: The salivary flow rate in smokers was lower, at 0.30 ml/minute, compared to non-smokers who had a salivary flow rate of 0.33 ml/minute. This was statistically insignificant. There was a significant difference in the concentrations of nitric oxide between smokers and non-smokers (p < 0.05). Smokers had higher concentrations than non-smokers (185.4 µM Vs 114.60 µM). In addition, there was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.305) between the concentration of salivary nitric oxide level and the OHI-S results. Conclusions: It was concluded that salivary nitric oxide concentration was higher in smokers, and the oral hygiene condition of smokers was poor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Endang Winiati Bachtiar
- Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Atikah Cyntia Putri
- Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
| | - Boy Muchlis Bachtiar
- Oral Biology and Oral Science Research Center, Faculty of Dentistry, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, DKI Jakarta, 10430, Indonesia
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Cademartori MG, Gastal MT, Nascimento GG, Demarco FF, Corrêa MB. Is depression associated with oral health outcomes in adults and elders? A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2685-2702. [PMID: 30191327 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-018-2611-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To systematically review the literature in order to investigate association between depression and oral diseases. MATERIAL AND METHODS Electronic searches were performed in five databases. Studies testing associations between depression and oral diseases as either exposure or outcome were included. Oral disease variable included any tooth loss or edentulism, periodontal disease, and dental caries. RESULTS A total of 2504 articles were identified in the electronic database search. Sixteen studies were included in this systematic review being 14 included in the meta-analyses. Eleven studies considered oral health as outcome, whereas three studies considered depression as an outcome variable. Depression was associated to dental caries, tooth loss, and edentulism. Pooled estimates showed that depression increased the odds of dental caries (OR 1.27; 95% CI 1.13-1.44), tooth loss (OR 1.31; 95% CI 1.24-1.37), and edentulism (OR 1.17; 95% CI 1.02-1.34), respectively. When the oral diseases were tested as independent variable and depression as outcome, associations with both edentulism (OR 1.28; 95% CI 1.06-1.55) and periodontal disease (HR 1.73; 95% CI 1.58-1.89) were found. CONCLUSIONS The results of our systematic review and meta-analyses show a positive association between depression and oral diseases, specifically dental caries, tooth loss, and edentulism, in adults and elders. More longitudinal studies are required to test causal and temporal relationship between depression and oral health status. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Mental and oral health are among the main disabilities worldwide. This article helps to understand more about the relationship between both conditions, highlighting the importance for both clinicians and policy makers of considering individual's psychological status in management of oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Márcia Torres Gastal
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves St., Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Fernando Demarco
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves St., Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcos Britto Corrêa
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Pelotas, 457, Gonçalves Chaves St., Pelotas, RS, Brazil.
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Idrees M, Nassani M, Kujan O. Assessing the association between unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) and oral health status among healthy adult subjects: A cross-sectional study. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2018; 23:e384-e390. [PMID: 29924753 PMCID: PMC6051688 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.22245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to test the association between the unstimulated whole salivary flow rate (UWSFR) and the oral health status represented by dental and gingival status among healthy adult subjects. MATERIAL AND METHODS This work was a cross-sectional study of patients attending the undergraduate dental clinics at AlFarabi College for Dentistry and Nursing, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The study population consisted of 502 systemically healthy adults aged 18-35 years. UWSFR was collected for all study participants and expressed as ml/min. Oral health status was estimated using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI) and the Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified (OHI-S). The number of decayed teeth and the number of available teeth were also calculated to evaluate dental status. RESULTS The mean UWSFR was 0.42 (±0.3) ml/min, and the male participants significantly had more UWSFR than the females. UWSFR was significantly affected by CPI, OHI-S, body mass index (BMI) and gender as indicated in the univariate analysis. However, multiple regression analysis revealed that only gender was a significant predictor of UWSFR. The male subjects were shown to have a higher average of 0.133 ml/min than the females. CONCLUSIONS High BMI scores, moderate-to-severe gingivitis and low level of oral hygiene increased UWSFR. However, further longitudinal studies are recommended to test the role of salivary cytokine levels to validate the exact association between the UWSFR and the oral health status.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Idrees
- UWA Dental School, University of Western Australia, 17 Monash Avenue, Nedlands WA6009, Australia,
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Fukumoto W, Higaki T, Matsuoka Y, Tatsugami F, Baba Y, Iida M, Awai K. Quantification of the salivary volume flow rate in the parotid duct using the time‐spatial labeling inversion pulse (Time‐SLIP) technique at MRI: A feasibility study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 47:928-935. [DOI: 10.1002/jmri.25846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Fukumoto
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyInstitute of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima Japan
| | - Toru Higaki
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyInstitute of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima Japan
| | - Yoshiko Matsuoka
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyHiroshima University HospitalHiroshima Japan
| | - Fuminari Tatsugami
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyInstitute of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima Japan
| | - Yasutaka Baba
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyInstitute of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima Japan
| | - Makoto Iida
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyInstitute of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima Japan
| | - Kazuo Awai
- Department of Diagnostic RadiologyInstitute of Biomedical Health Sciences, Hiroshima UniversityHiroshima Japan
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