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Bergmann W, de Lest CV, Plomp S, Vernooij JCM, Wijnberg ID, Back W, Gröne A, Delany MW, Caliskan N, Tryfonidou MA, Grinwis GCM. Intervertebral disc degeneration in warmblood horses: Histological and biochemical characterization. Vet Pathol 2022; 59:284-298. [PMID: 35291907 PMCID: PMC8928235 DOI: 10.1177/03009858211067463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Gross morphology of healthy and degenerated intervertebral discs (IVDs) is largely similar in horses as in dogs and humans. For further comparison, the biochemical composition and the histological and biochemical changes with age and degeneration were analyzed in 41 warmblood horses. From 33 horses, 139 discs and 2 fetal vertebral columns were evaluated and scored histologically. From 13 horses, 73 IVDs were assessed for hydration, DNA, glycosaminoglycans, total collagen, hydroxyl-lysyl-pyridinoline, hydroxylysine, and advanced glycation end-product (AGE) content. From 7 horses, 20 discs were assessed for aggrecan, fibronectin, and collagen type 1 and 2 content. Histologically, tearing of the nucleus pulposus (NP) and cervical annulus fibrosus (AF), and total histological score (tearing and vascular proliferation of the AF, and chondroid metaplasia, chondrocyte-like cell proliferation, presence of notochordal cells, matrix staining, and tearing of the NP) correlated with gross degeneration. Notochordal cells were not seen in IVDs of horses. Age and gross degeneration were positively correlated with AGEs and a fibrotic phenotype, explaining gross degenerative changes. In contrast to dogs and humans, there was no consistent difference in glycosaminoglycan content and hydration between AF and NP, nor decrease of these variables with age or degeneration. Hydroxylysine decrease and collagen 1 and AGEs increase were most prominent in the NP, suggesting degeneration started in the AP. In caudal cervical NPs, AGE deposition was significantly increased in grossly normal IVDs and total collagen significantly increased with age, suggesting increased biomechanical stress and likelihood for spinal disease in this part of the vertebral column.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmina Bergmann
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Chris van de Lest
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia Plomp
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C. M. Vernooij
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Inge D. Wijnberg
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Willem Back
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Department of Surgery and Anaesthesia of Domestic Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Andrea Gröne
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Mark W. Delany
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nermin Caliskan
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Current address: Diergezondheidszorg Vlaanderen (DGZ), Torhout, Belgium
| | - Marianna A. Tryfonidou
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Guy C. M. Grinwis
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Dołowacka-Jóźwiak A, Matkowski A, Nawrot-Hadzik I. Antiglycoxidative Properties of Extracts and Fractions from Reynoutria Rhizomes. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13114066. [PMID: 34836321 PMCID: PMC8622691 DOI: 10.3390/nu13114066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, when sustained over a long time in diabetes mellitus (DM), leads to biochemical and cellular abnormalities, primarily through the formation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs). In the treatment of diabetes, beside blood-sugar-lowering medications, a consumption of herbal products that can inhibit the AGEs’ formation is recommended. This study investigated the in vitro antiglycoxidative potential of extracts and fractions from the rhizomes of Japanese, Giant, and Bohemian knotweeds (Reynoutria japonica (Houtt.), R. sachalinensis (F. Schmidt) Nakai, and R.× bohemica Chrtek et Chrtkova). Their effects on glycooxidation of bovine and human serum albumin were evaluated by incubation of the proteins with a mixture of glucose and fructose (0.5 M) and 150 µg/mL of extract for 28 days at 37 °C, followed by measuring early and late glycation products, albumin oxidation (carbonyl and free thiol groups), and amyloid-β aggregation (thioflavin T and Congo red assays). The highest antiglycoxidative activity, comparable or stronger than the reference drug (aminoguanidine), was observed for ethyl acetate and diethyl ether fractions, enriched in polyphenols (stilbenes, phenylpropanoid disaccharide esters, and free and oligomeric flavan-3-ols). In conclusion, the antiglycoxidative compounds from these three species should be further studied for potential use in the prevention and complementary treatment of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Adam Matkowski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (I.N.-H.)
| | - Izabela Nawrot-Hadzik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology and Biotechnology, Division of Pharmaceutical Biology and Botany, Botanical Garden of Medicinal Plants, Wroclaw Medical University, 50556 Wroclaw, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.M.); (I.N.-H.)
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Kumar A, Rani M, Mani S, Shah P, Singh DB, Kudapa H, Varshney RK. Nutritional Significance and Antioxidant-Mediated Antiaging Effects of Finger Millet: Molecular Insights and Prospects. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.684318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a multifaceted process that is associated with progressive, lethal, and unalterable changes like damage to different molecules (DNA, proteins, and lipids), cells, tissues, and organs. It is an inevitable process but can be delayed by both genetic and dietary interventions. Besides aging, premature death and age-associated diseases can be dealt with diet regulation and the use of compounds that inhibit the stress responsiveness or promote the damage repair signaling pathways. Natural compounds offer a repertoire of highly diverse structural scaffolds that can offer hopeful candidate chemical entities with antiaging potential. One such source of natural compounds is millets, which are minor cereals with an abundance of high fiber, methionine, calcium, iron, polyphenols, and secondary metabolites, responsible for numerous potential health benefits. The present review article elucidates the nature and significance of different phytochemicals derived from millets with a major focus on finger millet and highlights all the important studies supporting their health benefits with special emphasis on the antiaging effect of these compounds. The present article also proposes the possible mechanisms through which millets can play a significant role in the suppression of aging processes and aging-related diseases by influencing genetic repair, protein glycation, and stress-responsive pathways. We further discuss well-established natural compounds for their use as antiaging drugs and recommend raising awareness for designing novel formulations/combinations from them so that their maximum antiaging potential can be harnessed for the benefit of mankind.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased pulse pressure (PP) has been implicated in the development and progression of Alzheimer's disease in middle-aged and elderly adults. Considering the close relationship between peripheral amyloid-β clearance and brain amyloid-β deposition, we investigated the potential association between PP and plasma amyloid-β transport function. METHODS In this cross-sectional study, a total of 1118 participants underwent a health assessment and quantification of plasma amyloid-β and amyloid-β transporter expression. Relationships between plasma levels of amyloid-β1-40, amyloid-β1-42, soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (sLRP1), soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE), and PP were determined using multiple linear regressions. RESULTS PP was a significant determinant of amyloid-β1-40 level (β = 0.059, P = 0.036) and log-transformed sRAGE (β = -0.002, P = 0.029) independent of age, sex, body mass index, pulse rate, mean arterial pressure, blood glucose, blood lipids, lifestyle, and medical history. Additionally, log-transformed soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 and log-transformed sRAGE were positively associated with plasma amyloid-β1-40 level (β = 3.610, P < 0.001; β = 2.573, P = 0.001). Similar associations were observed between log-transformed sRAGE and plasma amyloid-β1-42 level (β = 1.350, P = 0.022). CONCLUSION An elevation in PP is associated with increased plasma amyloid-β1-40 and decreased log-transformed sRAGE among individuals not taking antihypertensive medication. The underlying mechanism of this effect may be relevant to peripheral amyloid-β clearance.
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Hannß M, Hubbe N, Henle T. Acid-Induced Gelation of Caseins Glycated with Lactose: Impact of Maillard Reaction-Based Glycoconjugation and Protein Cross-Linking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:11477-11485. [PMID: 30295020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b04176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
During food processing or storage, milk proteins can react with reducing sugars via the Maillard reaction (glycation), which may alter their techno-functional properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between molecular changes of casein occurring during different stages of the Maillard reaction and its acid-induced gelling properties. Therefore, sodium caseinate was heated in a dry state at 60 °C in the presence of lactose and analyzed for structural modifications by determining Amadori compounds (glycoconjugation) indirectly as furosine, the total lysine modification, and the extent of protein cross-linking. For techno-functional characterization, acid-induced gels were prepared by the addition of glucono-δ-lactone and evaluated by measuring pH kinetics during gel formation, gel strength, and water holding capacity. The time to reach pH 4.6 during the gelation process was significantly delayed with increasing extent of the Maillard reaction. Glycation with lactose also led to a significant increase in gel strength and water holding capacity. The increase in gel stability was rather independent from the amount of sugars covalently bound to the proteins during the early phase of the Maillard reaction but strongly correlated to the degree of protein polymerization. Small- and medium-sized casein oligomers, formed during advanced stages of the Maillard reaction, contributed considerably to the formation of stronger gels with higher water holding capacity, whereas a sharp increase in the relative amount of the polymer fraction observed during prolonged cross-linking processes caused a spontaneous destabilization of the gel network. Knowledge about structure-function relationships on a molecular level can provide useful information to control food texture by raw material quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariella Hannß
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Natalie Hubbe
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
| | - Thomas Henle
- Chair of Food Chemistry , Technische Universität Dresden , 01062 Dresden , Germany
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Tupe RS, Kemse NG, Khaire AA, Shaikh SA. Attenuation of glycation-induced multiple protein modifications by Indian antidiabetic plant extracts. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2017; 55:68-75. [PMID: 27608964 PMCID: PMC7011994 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1228683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Revised: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Protein glycation is the major contributing factor in the development of diabetic complications. The antiglycation potential of medicinal plants provides a promising opportunity as complementary interventions for complications. OBJECTIVE To investigate the antiglycation potential of 19 medicinal plants extracts using albumin by estimating different indicators: (1) glycation (early and late), (2) albumin oxidation, and (3) amyloid aggregation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effect of aqueous plant extracts (1% w/v) on protein glycation was assessed by incubating albumin (10 mg/mL) with fructose (250 mM) for 4 days. Degree of protein glycation in the absence and presence of plant extracts was assessed by estimating fructosamine, advanced glycation end products (AGEs), carbonyls, free thiol group and β-amyloid aggregation. RESULTS Petroselinum crispum, Boerhavia diffusa, Terminalia chebula, Swertia chirayita and Glycyrrhiza glabra showed significant antiglycating activity. P. crispum and A. barbadensis inhibited the carbonyl stress and protected the thiol group from oxidative damage. There was significant correlation between protein thiols and amyloid inhibition (R = -.69, p < .001). CONCLUSION P. crispum, B. diffusa and T. chebula had the most potent antiglycation activity. These plant exerted noticeable antiglycation activity at different glycation modifications of albumin. These findings are important for identifying plants with potential to combat diabetic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi S. Tupe
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- CONTACT Dr. Rashmi S. TupeBiochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and BT, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune-411 046, Maharashtra, India
| | - Nisha G. Kemse
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amrita A. Khaire
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shamim A. Shaikh
- Biochemical Sciences Division, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of IT and Biotechnology, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Raman spectroscopic investigation on the molecular structure of apatite and collagen in osteoporotic cortical bone. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 65:264-273. [PMID: 27608424 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
This study employed highly spectrally resolved Raman spectroscopy to examine the molecular composition of cortical bone tissue obtained from murine females in their healthy and ovariectomy- (OVX-) induced osteoporotic states. The aim of the study was to identify structural differences at the molecular scale both in apatite mineral and collagen fibrils between the two groups of samples. Raman spectroscopy was used to determine the chemical composition of cortical bone in regions including characteristic bands of both bone mineral and bone matrix. The results demonstrated that the mineral apatite of bone did not undergo significant amorphization in its diseased state, with the Raman microprobe also failing in recognizing a direct role of carbonate content in the embrittlement of OVX-diseased bone. On the other hand, complex off-stoichiometry variations could be detected in the columnar Ca-structure of the bony hydroxyapatite according to morphological variations of the Raman band belonging to the symmetric phosphate stretching (A1) band at ~959cm-1. A fundamental role was also recognized for collagen quality on the process of bone embrittlement. The so-called matrix maturity ratio, as systematically measured on Raman spectra in the Amide I region, increased with statistical significance in OVX-treated samples as compared to control samples. An 8% increase could be associated to a 115% increase in elastic stress intensification in the mineral phase of OVX-diseased tissue as compared to the control one, thus proving a degradation in the (elastic) energy-dissipative capacity of a diseased bone matrix.
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Birlouez-Aragon I, Tessier F, Mompeyssin V, Baciuska J. Lack of effect of copper on advanced Maillard reaction and glucose autoxidation at physiological concentrations of albumin. Redox Rep 2016; 2:127-32. [DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1996.11747039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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10
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Baynes JW. Role of metal-catalyzed autoxidation in Maillard reaction damage to proteins in vivo. Redox Rep 2016; 1:31-4. [DOI: 10.1080/13510002.1994.11746952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Sell DR, Sun W, Gao X, Strauch C, Lachin JM, Cleary PA, Genuth S, Monnier VM. Skin collagen fluorophore LW-1 versus skin fluorescence as markers for the long-term progression of subclinical macrovascular disease in type 1 diabetes. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:30. [PMID: 26864236 PMCID: PMC4750185 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-016-0343-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin collagen Long Wavelength Fluorescence (LWF) is widely used as a surrogate marker for accumulation of advanced glycation end-products. Here we determined the relationship of LWF with glycemia, skin fluorescence, and the progression of complications during EDIC in 216 participants from the DCCT. METHODS LW-1 and collagen-linked fluorescence (CLF) were measured by either High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) with fluorescence detection (LW-1) or total fluorescence of collagenase digests (CLF) in insoluble skin collagen extracted from skin biopsies obtained at the end of the DCCT (1993). Skin intrinsic fluorescence (SIF) was noninvasively measured on volar forearm skin at EDIC year 16 by the SCOUT DS instrument. RESULTS LW-1 levels significantly increased with age and diabetes duration (P < 0.0001) and significantly decreased by intensive vs. conventional glycemic therapy in both the primary (P < 0.0001) and secondary (P < 0.037) DCCT cohorts. Levels were associated with 13-16 year progression risk of retinopathy (>3 sustained microaneurysms, P = 0.0004) and albumin excretion rate (P = 0.0038), the latter despite adjustment for HbA1c. Comparative analysis for all three fluorescent measures for future risk of subclinical macrovascular disease revealed the following significant (P < 0.05) associations after adjusting for age, diabetes duration and HbA1c: coronary artery calcium with SIF and CLF; intima-media thickness with SIF and LW-1; and left ventricular mass with LW-1 and CLF. CONCLUSIONS LW-1 is a novel risk marker that is robustly and independently associated with the future progression of microvascular disease, intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass in type 1 diabetes. Trial registration NCT00360815 and NCT00360893 at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- David R Sell
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Bldg. 5-301, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - Wanjie Sun
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Xiaoyu Gao
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Christopher Strauch
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Bldg. 5-301, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | - John M Lachin
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Patricia A Cleary
- Biostatistics Center, George Washington University, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA.
| | - Saul Genuth
- Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
| | | | - Vincent M Monnier
- Department of Pathology, Case Western Reserve University, Wolstein Research Bldg. 5-301, 2103 Cornell Road, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA. .,Department of Biochemistry, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, 44106, USA.
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Osada K, Miyazono S, Kashiwayanagi M. The scent of wolves: pyrazine analogs induce avoidance and vigilance behaviors in prey. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:363. [PMID: 26500485 PMCID: PMC4595651 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The common gray wolf (Canis lupus) is an apex predator located at the top of the food chain in the Northern Hemisphere. It preys on rodents, rabbits, ungulates, and many other kinds of mammal. However, the behavioral evidence for, and the chemical basis of, the fear-inducing impact of wolf urine on prey are unclear. Recently, the pyrazine analogs 2, 6-dimethylpyrazine, 2, 3, 5-trimethylpyrazine and 3-ethyl-2, 5-dimethyl pyrazine were identified as kairomones in the urine of wolves. When mice were confronted with a mixture of purified pyrazine analogs, vigilance behaviors, including freezing and excitation of neurons at the accessory olfactory bulb, were markedly increased. Additionally, the odor of the pyrazine cocktail effectively suppressed the approach of deer to a feeding area, and for those close to the feeding area elicited fear-related behaviors such as the "tail-flag," "flight," and "jump" actions. In this review, we discuss the transfer of chemical information from wolf to prey through the novel kairomones identified in wolf urine and also compare the characteristics of wolf kairomones with other predator-produced kairomones that affect rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Osada
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido Ishikari-Tobetsu, Japan
| | - Sadaharu Miyazono
- Department of Sensory Physiology, Asahikawa Medical University Asahikawa, Japan
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Dissemond J, Kröger K, Storck M, Risse A, Engels P. Topical oxygen wound therapies for chronic wounds: a review. J Wound Care 2015; 24:53-4, 56-60, 62-3. [DOI: 10.12968/jowc.2015.24.2.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Dissemond
- Professor, Department for Dermatology, Venerology and Allergology, University School of Medicine, Essen, Germany
| | - K. Kröger
- Professor, Clinic Director, Department for Vascular Medicine, HELIOS Clinic, Krefeld, Germany
| | - M. Storck
- Professor Clinic Director, Department for Vascular and Thoracic Surgery, Municipal Hospital Karlsruhe, Academic Teaching Hospital Univ. Freiburg, Germany
| | - A. Risse
- Clinic-Center North, Center for Diabetes, Dortmund, Germany
| | - P. Engels
- EngelsConsult, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany
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Willett TL, Burton B, Woodside M, Wang Z, Gaspar A, Attia T. γ-Irradiation sterilized bone strengthened and toughened by ribose pre-treatment. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2015; 44:147-55. [PMID: 25637825 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 01/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study tested the hypothesis that a ribose-based pre-treatment would protect the strength, ductility and toughness of γ-irradiation sterilized cortical bone. METHODS Experiment 1: The effects of ribose pre-treatment (1.8M in PBS at 60°C for 24h) prior to 33 kGy of irradiation on strength, ductility and toughness (beams in three-point bending) and fracture toughness (J-integral at instability in single edge notched (bending)) were tested against matched non-irradiated and irradiated controls from bovine tibiae. Experiment 2: Three-point bending tests were conducted using beams from human femora (males, 59-67 years). Bone collagen thermal stability and network connectivity were examined using hydrothermal isometric tension testing. RESULTS Ribose pre-treatment protected the strength, ductility and toughness of irradiation sterilized bovine and human specimens to differing degrees. Their ultimate strength was not detectably different from non-irradiated control levels; toughness in bovine and human specimens was protected by 57 and 76%, respectively. Untreated human bone was less affected by irradiation and ribose pre-treatment was more effective in human bone than bovine bone. CONCLUSIONS This paper presents the first proof-of-principle that irradiation-sterilized bone with improved mechanical properties can be produced through the application of a ribose pre-irradiation treatment, which provides a more stable and connected collagen network than found in conventionally irradiated controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Willett
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Surgery, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Brianne Burton
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mitchell Woodside
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhirui Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Anne Gaspar
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tarik Attia
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Mount Sinai Hospital-Lunenfeld Tanenbaum Research Institute, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Shemirani F, Yazdanparast R. The interplay between hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress markers and the level of soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products (sRAGE) in K562 cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 393:179-86. [PMID: 24911882 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Formation and accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGE) and also generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), the main causative players in the context of diabetes, are intensified under hyperglycemic condition. The consequences from AGE/RAGE interaction could be attenuated by the soluble form of RAGE, termed sRAGE. In the current study, we studied the link between hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress and the level of soluble form of RAGE in K562 cells. Our data revealed a positive correlation between high glucose and/or AGE-modified albumin treatment and oxidative stress status. Besides, a significant decrease in soluble RAGE level following treatments with either AGE-modified albumin or high glucose was observed. However, pretreatment with an appropriate antioxidant such as Resveratrol, markedly elevated the sRAGE level. Hence, sRAGE therapy could be further evaluated as an effective therapeutical approach to attenuate some of the diabetes complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farnosh Shemirani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran
| | - Razieh Yazdanparast
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, P.O. Box 13145-1384, Tehran, Iran.
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Chuang CY, Degendorfer G, Davies MJ. Oxidation and modification of extracellular matrix and its role in disease. Free Radic Res 2014; 48:970-89. [DOI: 10.3109/10715762.2014.920087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Riya MP, Antu KA, Pal S, Srivastava AK, Sharma S, Raghu KG. Nutraceutical potential of Aerva lanata (L.) Juss. ex Schult ameliorates secondary complications in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Food Funct 2014; 5:2086-95. [DOI: 10.1039/c4fo00013g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Devi PB, Vijayabharathi R, Sathyabama S, Malleshi NG, Priyadarisini VB. Health benefits of finger millet (Eleusine coracana L.) polyphenols and dietary fiber: a review. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2014; 51:1021-40. [PMID: 24876635 PMCID: PMC4033754 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-011-0584-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The growing public awareness of nutrition and health care research substantiates the potential of phytochemicals such as polyphenols and dietary fiber on their health beneficial properties. Hence, there is in need to identify newer sources of neutraceuticals and other natural and nutritional materials with the desirable functional characteristics. Finger millet (Eleusine coracana), one of the minor cereals, is known for several health benefits and some of the health benefits are attributed to its polyphenol and dietary fiber contents. It is an important staple food in India for people of low income groups. Nutritionally, its importance is well recognised because of its high content of calcium (0.38%), dietary fiber (18%) and phenolic compounds (0.3-3%). They are also recognized for their health beneficial effects, such as anti-diabetic, anti-tumerogenic, atherosclerogenic effects, antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. This review deals with the nature of polyphenols and dietary fiber of finger millet and their role with respect to the health benefits associated with millet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nagappa Gurusiddappa Malleshi
- />Department of Grain Science and Technology, Central Food Technological Research Institute, CSIR, Mysore, 570 020 India
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Boucher J, Simard E, Froehlich U, Grandbois M. Amplification of AngII-dependent cell contraction by glyoxal: implication of cell mechanical properties and actomyosin activity. Integr Biol (Camb) 2014; 6:411-21. [PMID: 24503653 DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40243f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Glyoxal (GO), a highly reactive metabolite of glucose, is associated with diabetic vascular complications via the formation of advanced glycation end-products. Considering its ability to react with proteins' amino acids and its crosslinking potential, we suggest that GO affects cellular mechanical functions such as contractility. Therefore, we tested the effects of GO on cellular contractile response following AngII stimulation of human embryonic kidney cells over-expressing the AT1 receptor (HEK 293 AT1aR). Prior to cell stimulation with AngII, cells exposed to GO exhibited carboxymethyllysine-adduct formation and an increase in cellular stiffness, which could be prevented by pre-treatment with aminoguanidine. The time-dependent cellular contractile response to AngII was measured by monitoring cell membrane displacement by atomic force atomic force microscopy (AFM) and by quantifying myosin light chain phosphorylation (p-MLC) via immunoblotting. Interestingly, short-term GO exposure increased by 2.6 times the amplitude of cell contraction induced by AngII and this was also associated with a sustained rise in p-MLC. This increased response to AngII induced by GO appears to be linked to its glycation potential, as aminoguanidine pre-treatment prevented this increased cellular mechanical response. Our results also suggest that GO could have an impact on ROCK activity, as ROCK inhibition with Y-27632 blocked the enhanced contractile response (p = 0.011) measured under GO conditions. Together, these results indicate that GO enhances the cellular response to AngII and modifies cellular mechanical properties via a mechanism that relies on its glycation potential and on the activation of the ROCK-dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Boucher
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, 3001 12e avenue, Sherbrooke, J1H 5N4, QC, Canada.
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Osada K, Kurihara K, Izumi H, Kashiwayanagi M. Pyrazine analogues are active components of wolf urine that induce avoidance and freezing behaviours in mice. PLoS One 2013; 8:e61753. [PMID: 23637901 PMCID: PMC3634846 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0061753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The common grey wolf (Canis lupus) is found throughout the entire Northern hemisphere and preys on many kinds of mammals. The urine of the wolf contains a number of volatile constituents that can potentially be used for predator–prey chemosignalling. Although wolf urine is put to practical use to keep rabbits, rodents, deer and so on at bay, we are unaware of any prior behavioural studies or chemical analyses regarding the fear-inducing impact of wolf urine on laboratory mice. Methodology/Principal Findings Three wolf urine samples harvested at different times were used in this study. All of them induced stereotypical fear-associated behaviors (i.e., avoidance and freezing) in female mice. The levels of certain urinary volatiles varied widely among the samples. To identify the volatiles that provoked avoidance and freezing, behavioural, chemical, and immunohistochemical analyses were performed. One of the urine samples (sample C) had higher levels of 2,6-dimethylpyrazine (DMP), trimethylpyrazine (TMP), and 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethyl pyrazine (EDMP) compared with the other two urine samples (samples A and B). In addition, sample C induced avoidance and freezing behaviours more effectively than samples A and B. Moreover, only sample C led to pronounced expression of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB) of female mice. Freezing behaviour and Fos immunoreactivity were markedly enhanced when the mice were confronted with a mixture of purified DMP, TMP, and EDMP vs. any one pyrazine alone. Conclusions/Significance The current results suggest that wolf urinary volatiles can engender aversive and fear-related responses in mice. Pyrazine analogues were identified as the predominant active components among these volatiles to induce avoidance and freezing behaviours via stimulation of the murine AOB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Osada
- Division of Physiology, Department of Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Ishikari-Tobetsu, Hokkaido, Japan.
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Advanced glycation end products and diabetic retinopathy. J Ocul Biol Dis Infor 2013; 5:63-9. [PMID: 24596941 DOI: 10.1007/s12177-013-9104-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies have established hyperglycemia as the most important factor in the progress of vascular complications. Formation of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) correlates with glycemic control. The AGE hypothesis proposes that hyperglycemia contributes to the pathogenesis of diabetic complications including retinopathy. However, their role in diabetic retinopathy remains largely unknown. This review discusses the chemistry of AGEs formation and their patho-biochemistry particularly in relation to diabetic retinopathy. AGEs exert deleterious effects by acting directly to induce cross-linking of long-lived proteins to promote vascular stiffness, altering vascular structure and function and interacting with receptor for AGE, to induce intracellular signaling leading to enhanced oxidative stress and elaboration of key proinflammatory and prosclerotic cytokines. Novel anti-AGE strategies are being developed hoping that in next few years, some of these promising therapies will be successfully evaluated in clinical context aiming to reduce the major economical and medical burden caused by diabetic retinopathy.
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Lo JF, Brennan M, Merchant Z, Chen L, Guo S, Eddington DT, DiPietro LA. Microfluidic wound bandage: localized oxygen modulation of collagen maturation. Wound Repair Regen 2013; 21:226-34. [PMID: 23438079 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.12021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2012] [Accepted: 11/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Restoring tissue oxygenation has the potential to improve poorly healing wounds with impaired microvasculature. Compared with more established wound therapy using hyperbaric oxygen chambers, topical oxygen therapy has lower cost and better patient comfort, although topical devices have provided inconsistent results. To provide controlled topical oxygen while minimizing moisture loss, a major issue for topical oxygen, we have devised a novel wound bandage based on microfluidic diffusion delivery of oxygen. In addition to modulating oxygen from 0 to 100% in 60 seconds rise time, the microfluidic oxygen bandage provides a conformal seal around the wound. When 100% oxygen is delivered, it penetrates wound tissues as measured in agar phantom and in vivo wounds. Using this microfluidic bandage, we applied the oxygen modulation to 8 mm excisional wounds prepared on diabetic mice. Treatment with the microfluidic bandage demonstrated improved collagen maturity in the wound bed, although only marginal differences were observed in total collagen, microvasculature, and external closure rates. Our results show that proper topical oxygen can improve wound parameters underneath the surface. Because of the ease of fabrication, the oxygen bandage represents an economical yet practical method for oxygen wound research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joe F Lo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of Michigan at Dearborn, Dearborn, MI, USA.
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Ribeiro G, Roehrs M, Bairros A, Moro A, Charão M, Araújo F, Valentini J, Arbo M, Brucker N, Moresco R, Leal M, Morsch V, Garcia SC. N-acetylcysteine on oxidative damage in diabetic rats. Drug Chem Toxicol 2011; 34:467-74. [DOI: 10.3109/01480545.2011.564179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Sell DR, Monnier VM. Aging of Long‐Lived Proteins: Extracellular Matrix (Collagens, Elastins, Proteoglycans) and Lens Crystallins. Compr Physiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cphy.cp110110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Witos J, Saint-Guirons J, Meinander K, D'Ulivo L, Riekkola ML. Collagen I and III and their decorin modified surfaces studied by atomic force microscopy and the elucidation of their affinity toward positive apolipoprotein B-100 residue by quartz crystal microbalance. Analyst 2011; 136:3777-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15156h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Fitzgerald C, Swearengin TA, Yeargans G, McWhorter D, Cucchetti B, Seidler NW. Non-Enzymatic Glycosylation (or Glycation) and Inhibition of the Pig Heart Cytosolic Aspartate Aminotransferase by Glyceraldehyde 3-Phosphate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14756369909030342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Fitzgerald
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, 1750 Independence Boulevard, Kansas City, A40 64106-1453, USA
| | - Timothy A. Swearengin
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, 1750 Independence Boulevard, Kansas City, A40 64106-1453, USA
| | - George Yeargans
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, 1750 Independence Boulevard, Kansas City, A40 64106-1453, USA
| | - David McWhorter
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, 1750 Independence Boulevard, Kansas City, A40 64106-1453, USA
| | - Brad Cucchetti
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, 1750 Independence Boulevard, Kansas City, A40 64106-1453, USA
| | - Norbert W. Seidler
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Health Sciences, 1750 Independence Boulevard, Kansas City, A40 64106-1453, USA
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D’Ulivo L, Witos J, Öörni K, Kovanen PT, Riekkola ML. Open tubular capillary electrochromatography: A useful microreactor for collagen I glycation and interaction studies with low-density lipoprotein particles. Anal Chim Acta 2010; 664:185-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2010.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2009] [Revised: 02/09/2010] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Lima M, Assar SH, Ames JM. Formation of N(epsilon)-(carboxymethyl)lysine and loss of lysine in casein glucose-fatty acid model systems. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1954-1958. [PMID: 20030411 DOI: 10.1021/jf903562c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and advanced lipoxidation end-products (ALEs) form when proteins are heated with reducing sugar or lipid. N(epsilon)-(Carboxymethyl)lysine (CML) is the most commonly studied AGE/ALE in foods, but the relative importance of dietary sugar and lipid as its precursors is uncertain. The aim of this study was to determine the relative amounts of CML formed from fatty acid and glucose in a model food system. Model systems were prepared by heating casein (3.2%) with glucose or fatty acid (oleic, linoleic, linolenic, or arachidonic acid) (200 mM) or a mixture of glucose and linolenic acid (200 mM of each precursor) at 95 degrees C for up to 8 h. CML was determined by ultrapressure liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The amount of CML formed from casein and glucose incubated at 95 degrees C for 8 h was 15-fold higher than that obtained when casein was heated with arachidonic acid under the same conditions. However, the loss of lysine in the casein-arachidonic acid incubations was 83% compared to 54% loss in the casein-glucose incubations. The loss of lysine in casein-fatty acid model systems increased with degree of unsaturation of the fatty acid. The formation of lipid peroxidation products during oxidation of fatty acids might be a potent factor for loss of lysine in the casein-fatty acid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lima
- Human Nutrition and Health Group, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5AG, Northern Ireland, U.K
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Ansari N, Rasheed Z. Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins: from diabetes to cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 56:168-78. [DOI: 10.18097/pbmc20105602168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Incubation of proteins with glucose leads to their non-enzymatic glycation and formation of Amadori products known as an early glycation product. Oxidative cleavage of Amadori products is considered as a major route to advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) formation in vivo. Nonenzymatic glycation of proteins or Maillard reaction is increased in diabetes mellitus due to hyperglycemia and leads to several complications such as blindness, heart disease, nerve damage and kidney failure. Accumulation of the early and advanced glycation products in plasma and tissues of diabetic patients and causes production of autoantibodies against corresponding products. The advanced glycation products are also associated with other diseases like cancer. This review summarizes current knowledge of these stage specific glycated products as common and early diagnostic biomarkers for the associated diseases and the complications with the aim of a novel therapeutic target for the diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- N.A. Ansari
- Department of Biochemistry, J. N. Medical College, Aligarh Muslim University
| | - Z. Rasheed
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology, & Immunology, School of Medicine, University of South Carolina
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Ansari NA, Rasheed Z. Non-enzymatic glycation of proteins: From diabetes to cancer. BIOCHEMISTRY MOSCOW-SUPPLEMENT SERIES B-BIOMEDICAL CHEMISTRY 2009. [DOI: 10.1134/s1990750809040027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Agrawal V, Kizilbash SH, McCullough PA. New therapeutic agents for diabetic kidney disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.2217/14750708.5.4.553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Rees MD, Kennett EC, Whitelock JM, Davies MJ. Oxidative damage to extracellular matrix and its role in human pathologies. Free Radic Biol Med 2008; 44:1973-2001. [PMID: 18423414 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2007] [Revised: 03/16/2008] [Accepted: 03/20/2008] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular compartments of most biological tissues are significantly less well protected against oxidative damage than intracellular sites and there is considerable evidence for such compartments being subject to a greater oxidative stress and an altered redox balance. However, with some notable exceptions (e.g., plasma and lung lining fluid) oxidative damage within these compartments has been relatively neglected and is poorly understood. In particular information on the nature and consequences of damage to extracellular matrix is lacking despite the growing realization that changes in matrix structure can play a key role in the regulation of cellular adhesion, proliferation, migration, and cell signaling. Furthermore, the extracellular matrix is widely recognized as being a key site of cytokine and growth factor binding, and modification of matrix structure might be expected to alter such behavior. In this paper we review the potential sources of oxidative matrix damage, the changes that occur in matrix structure, and how this may affect cellular behavior. The role of such damage in the development and progression of inflammatory diseases is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin D Rees
- The Heart Research Institute, 114 Pyrmont Bridge Rd, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
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Pari L, Murugan P. Influence of tetrahydrocurcumin on tail tendon collagen contents and its properties in rats with streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced type 2 diabetes. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2008; 21:665-71. [PMID: 18034669 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2007.00542.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Changes in the structural and functional properties of collagen caused by advanced glycation might be of importance for the etiology of late-stage complications in diabetics. Curcumin is the most active component of turmeric. It is believed that curcumin is a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent. Tetrahydrocurcumin (THC) is one of the major metabolites of curcumin, exhibiting many of the same physiological and pharmacological activities of curcumin and in some systems may exert greater antioxidant activity than curcumin. In diabetic rats, hydroxyproline and collagen content as well as its degree of cross-linking were increased, as shown by increased extent of glycation, collagen-linked fluorescence, neutral salt collagen, and decreased acid and pepsin solubility. Administration of THC for 45 days to diabetic rats significantly reduced the accumulation and cross-linking of collagen. The effects of THC were comparable with those of curcumin. In conclusion, administration of THC had a positive influence on the content of collagen and its properties in streptozotocin- and nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats. THC was found to be more effective than curcumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leelavinothan Pari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar - 608 002, Tamil Nadu, India.
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Evaluation of selected parameters of the antioxidative system in patients with type 2 diabetes in different periods of metabolic compensation. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2008; 55:335-40. [PMID: 18219764 PMCID: PMC2766456 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-007-0033-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The aim of the study was to evaluate some selected parameters of the antioxidative system in patients with type 2 diabetes. Materials and Methods: Eighty-one type 2 diabetes patients took part in the study (39 patients with metabolically balanced and 42 with metabolically unbalanced diabetes). The control group consisted of 30 healthy people. The total antioxidant capacity of plasma was measured fluorometrically using phycoerythrin. To calculate the low-molecular-weight antioxidant concentration in the plasma samples, the duration of Trolox activity as a function of its concentration in the sample was measured. The activity of antioxidative enzymes in red blood cells was determined using the Misra and Fridovich method and Beers and Sizer method. Results: The total plasma antioxidant capacity and the low-molecular-weight antioxidant concentration in the group of patients with metabolically compensated type 2 diabetes were statistically significantly higher than in the group of patients with metabolically uncontrolled diabetes. The activity of antioxidative enzymes was found to be higher in the group of type 2 diabetes patients at the stage of metabolic balance. Conclusions: The obtained results confirm the thesis of glucose toxicity and intensification of oxidative stress in patients with diabetes.
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Brito VB, Folmer V, Soares JCM, Silveira ID, Rocha JBT. Long-term sucrose and glucose consumption decreases the δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase activity in mice. Nutrition 2007; 23:818-26. [PMID: 17826955 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2007.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2006] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the long-term effects of high-glucose (GLU) and high-sucrose (SUC) diets on the development of obesity, abdominal fat deposition, glucose intolerance, oxidative stress and effects on delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity in various organs. In particular, the effect of aging on these parameters was evaluated. METHODS Mice were assigned to a baseline, control, or experimental group. The control group was provided with tap water and experimental groups with solutions of glucose or sucrose for 30 wk. To verify the effect of aging, young mice (baseline group, 8 wk old) were compared with aged animals (control and experimental groups, 38 wk old). RESULTS Consumption of GLU or SUC diets caused increases in body weight, abdominal fat index, and fasting plasma glucose levels. A positive correlation was observed between the abdominal fat index and fasting glucose levels. There was a significant increase in levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBARS) and a significant decrease in delta-ALA-D activity in various tissues of GLU and SUC feeding mice. Importantly, the dithiothreitol-induced enzymatic reactivation in the GLU and SUC groups was significantly higher than in the control group, and in the aged group it was significantly higher than in the baseline group. After 30 wk, the experimental groups had a decrease in delta-ALA-D activity and an increase in TBARS levels in relation to the baseline group. CONCLUSION Alterations in the activity of the delta-ALA-D found in this work demonstrate the possible contributions of hyperglycemia and aging for protein oxidation, leading to impairment of its biologic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verônica B Brito
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Campus Universitário-Camobi, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Xiao H, Cai G, Liu M. Fe2+-catalyzed non-enzymatic glycosylation alters collagen conformation during AGE-collagen formation in vitro. Arch Biochem Biophys 2007; 468:183-92. [PMID: 17964528 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2007.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2007] [Revised: 08/03/2007] [Accepted: 08/03/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) are one of the major factors of hyperglycemia related complications for diabetic patients. We studied the formation of AGEs in type I collagen after Fe2+-catalyzed non-enzymatic glycosylation in vitro. Type I collagen isolated from rat tail tendon was incubated with glucose and increasing concentrations of iron ions Fe2+. After 4 weeks incubation, cytotoxity of AGEs was indicated by the cytotoxity assay of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells and primary human monocytes cultured with glycosylated collagen AGEs. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis revealed that structural changes of functional groups in glycosylated collagen are accelerated by the catalyst Fe2+. Using two-dimensional Fourier-transform infrared correlation spectroscopy analyses, for the first time, we demonstrated that the order of structural changes of these functional groups is -CH->Amide I>Amide II>Amide III>nu(C=O) the carboxylic group of Asn, Gln or polyproline amino acid residue in the course of AGE-collagen formation. Knowing the positions of these functional groups in collagen, this order of changes indicates that during glycation of collagen, the structure of the main chain residues in collagen changed first, and then the side chain changed gradually, which may lead to more carboxylic groups exposed to glucose for further formation of AGE-collagen irreversibly. The findings presented may support the design of new therapeutic strategies to prevent or slow down the Fe2+-catalyzed glycosylation of collagen and other matrix proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helan Xiao
- Department of Biological Science and Biotechnology, Cell and Developmental Laboratory, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, PR China.
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Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients. Two key mechanisms implicated in the development of diabetic nephropathy include advanced glycation and oxidative stress. Advanced glycation is the irreversible attachment of reducing sugars onto amino groups of proteins to form advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGE modification of proteins may lead to alterations in normal function by inducing cross-linking of extracellular matrices. Intracellular formation of AGEs also can cause generalized cellular dysfunction. Furthermore, AGEs can mediate their effects via specific receptors, such as the receptor for AGE (RAGE), activating diverse signal transduction cascades and downstream pathways, including generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Oxidative stress occurs as a result of the imbalance between ROS production and antioxidant defenses. Sources of ROS include the mitochondria, auto-oxidation of glucose, and enzymatic pathways including nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate reduced (NAD[P]H) oxidase. Beyond the current treatments to treat diabetic complications such as the optimization of blood pressure and glycemic control, it is predicted that new therapies designed to target AGEs, including AGE formation inhibitors and cross-link breakers, as well as targeting ROS using novel highly specific antioxidants, will become part of the treatment regimen for diabetic renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adeline L Y Tan
- Albert Einstein Centre for Diabetes Complications, Baker Heart Research Institute, St. Kilda Road, Central Melbourne, Victoria 8008, Australia
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Barbosa NBV, Rocha JBT, Wondracek DC, Perottoni J, Zeni G, Nogueira CW. Diphenyl diselenide reduces temporarily hyperglycemia: Possible relationship with oxidative stress. Chem Biol Interact 2006; 163:230-8. [PMID: 16965767 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2006.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2006] [Revised: 07/31/2006] [Accepted: 08/07/2006] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to determine the effect of diphenyl diselenide and ebselen, synthetic organoselenium compounds with antioxidant properties, in diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by the administration of streptozotocin (STZ) (45mg/kg, intravenous). In experimental trials, diphenyl diselenide, but not ebselen, caused a significant reduction in blood glucose levels of STZ-treated rats. This effect of diphenyl diselenide was accompanied by a reduction in the levels of glycated proteins. Diphenyl diselenide ameliorate superoxide dismutase activity (liver and erythrocytes) and Vitamin C levels (liver, kidney and blood), which were decreased in STZ-treated rats. In normal rats, diphenyl diselenide caused per se an increase in hepatic, renal and blood GSH levels. Similarly, treatment with diphenyl diselenide restored hepatic and renal GSH levels in STZ-treated rats. TBARS and protein carbonyl levels were not modified by STZ and/or diphenyl diselenide and ebselen treatments. Our findings suggest that diphenyl diselenide can be considered an anti-diabetogenic agent by exhibiting anti-hyperglycemic and antioxidant properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- N B V Barbosa
- Departamento de Quimica, Centro de Ciencias Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, CEP 97105-900, Brazil
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Patriarca S, Furfaro AL, Domenicotti C, Odetti P, Cottalasso D, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA, Traverso N. Supplementation with N-acetylcysteine and taurine failed to restore glutathione content in liver of streptozotocin-induced diabetics rats but protected from oxidative stress. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2005; 1741:48-54. [PMID: 15921899 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2004] [Revised: 04/19/2005] [Accepted: 04/19/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Rats were rendered diabetic with streptozotocin and supplemented or not with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and taurine (TAU). The liver was examined for the quantity of glutathione (GSH), both total and oxidised (GSSG), by HPLC assay. Moreover, the liver expression of gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase, cysteine dioxygenase and heme oxygenase 1 was evaluated. Streptozotocin-diabetic rats showed decreased levels of liver glutathione (GSH); dietary supplementation with the antioxidants NAC and TAU failed to restore liver GSH to the level of control rats. Gamma-glutamyl-cysteine synthetase expression was not reduced in the diabetic rats, so the low hepatic GSH level in the supplemented diabetic rats cannot be ascribed to decreased expression of the biosynthetic key enzyme. Moreover, the diabetic rats showed no evidence of increased expression of cysteine dioxygenase, which could have indicated that NAC-derived cysteine was consumed in metabolic pathways different from GSH synthesis. However, NAC+TAU treatment provided partial protection from glutathione oxidation in the liver of diabetic rats; moreover, the antioxidant treatment reduced the hepatic overexpression of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) mRNA which was detected in the diabetic rats. In conclusion, although NAC was not able to restore liver GSH levels, the antioxidant treatment restrained GSH oxidation and HO-1 overexpression, which are markers of cellular oxidative stress: diabetic rats probably exploit NAC as an antioxidant itself rather than as a GSH precursor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Patriarca
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genova, Via L.B. Alberti 2, 16132 Genova, Italy
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Traverso N, Menini S, Maineri EP, Patriarca S, Odetti P, Cottalasso D, Marinari UM, Pronzato MA. Malondialdehyde, a lipoperoxidation-derived aldehyde, can bring about secondary oxidative damage to proteins. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2004; 59:B890-5. [PMID: 15472151 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/59.9.b890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipoperoxidation-derived aldehydes, for example malondialdehyde (MDA), can damage proteins by generating covalent adducts whose accumulation probably participates in tissue damage during aging. However, the mechanisms of adduct formation and their stability are scarcely known. This article investigates whether oxidative steps are involved in the process. As a model of the process, the interaction between MDA and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was analyzed. Incubation of BSA with MDA resulted in rapid quenching of tryptophan fluorescence and appearance of MDA protein adduct fluorescence; transition metal ion traces interfered with the latter process. MDA induced generation of peroxides in BSA, which was preventable with the antioxidant 2,6,-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT). MDA-exposed BSA underwent aggregation, degradation, and BHT-sensitive "gel retardation" effects. Phycoerythrin fluorescence disappearance, a marker of damage mediated by reactive oxygen species, indicated synergism between MDA and metal ions. The interaction between reactive aldehydes and proteins is likely to occur in several steps, some of them oxidative in nature, giving rise to advanced lipoperoxidation end-products, which could participate, with advanced glycation end-products, in the generation of tissue damage during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Traverso
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of General Pathology, University of Genova, Via LB Alberti 2, 16132, Italy.
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Meli M, Granouillet OR, Reynaud E, Chamson LA, Frey J, Perier C. Changes in glycation of fibrous type I collagen during long-term in vitro incubation with glucose. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:521-5. [PMID: 14703985 DOI: 10.1023/b:jopc.0000005501.48719.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The course of glycation of calf skin fibrous type I collagen was monitored in vitro under physiological conditions during an 8-week incubation period in order to take into account the long half-life of this protein. The formation of glycated compounds was measured by determining fructosamine, pentosidine, and carboxymethyllysine content. The incubation conditions were as physiological as possible in sterile saline phosphate buffer, except glucose concentration. With incubation medium containing 200 mmol glucose, fibrous collagen underwent solubilization; in addition an increase in fructosamine, pentosidine, and carboxymethyllysine content in both solubilized and remaining insoluble collagen was noticed. There was a spontaneous, restricted, and time-dependent native glycated state of collagen; high concentration glucose enhanced the formation of glycated compounds and induced changes in solubility and glycoxidated products. The production of pentosidine during incubation without glucose should be considered as an event resulting from the initial fructosamine. Whereas the production of carboxymethyllysine during long-term incubation with glucose provided indirect proof of an additional oxidative process after early glycated product formation. These experimental observations provide insight into the in vivo context of advanced glycation end product formation in chronic hyperglycemia and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meli
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
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Meli M, Granouillet R, Reynaud E, Chamson A, Frey J, Perier C. In vitro glycoxidation of insoluble fibrous type I collagen: solubilization and advanced glycation end products. JOURNAL OF PROTEIN CHEMISTRY 2003; 22:527-31. [PMID: 14703986 DOI: 10.1023/b:jopc.0000005502.48925.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The deleterious effects of glycoxidation are dependent on the half-life of proteins. Collagen, the main component of extracellular matrices, is a long live protein and thus may be sensitive to the glycoxidation process. We incubated calf skin fibrous type I collagen in PBS at 37 degrees C with glucose. The fibrous type I collagen was solubilized and an increase in the amount of advanced glycation end products of the solubilized fraction was observed. As there was no bacterial contamination and no proteolytic activities in the incubation medium, the solubilization of fibrous type I collagen is probably due to the speculative production of the free radicals in our experimental conditions. To test this hypothesis, fibrous type I collagen was incubated in PBS with AAPH (2,2'azo-bis 2-aminodinopropane) a free radicals generator. AAPH induced a dramatic and dose dependent solubilization of fibrous type I collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meli
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital, 42055 Saint-Etienne, France
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Folmer V, Soares JCM, Gabriel D, Rocha JBT. A high fat diet inhibits delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase and increases lipid peroxidation in mice (Mus musculus). J Nutr 2003; 133:2165-70. [PMID: 12840172 DOI: 10.1093/jn/133.7.2165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was examine the effects of high starch (HS) vs. high fat (HF) feeding on blood glycated hemoglobin (GHbA(1c)) level, thiobarbituric acid-reactive species (TBA-RS) concentration and delta-aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) activity in mice. The GHbA(1c) level was significantly higher in mice fed the HF diet compared with those fed the HS diet. Hepatic, renal, and cerebral TBA-RS concentrations in mice fed the HF diet were significantly greater than in mice fed the HS diet. In addition, positive correlations were found between the GHbA(1c) and TBA-RS levels for hepatic (P < 0.05; r = 0.46), renal (P < 0.003; r = 0.65), and cerebral (P < 0.001; r = 0.69) tissues. The delta-ALA-D hepatic, renal and cerebral activities of mice fed the HF diet were significantly lower than those of mice fed the HS diet. Furthermore, a negative correlation was found between the GHbA(1c) level and delta-ALA-D activity in hepatic (P < 0.001; r = -0.77), renal (P < 0.007; r = -0.60), and cerebral (P < 0.007; r = -0.60) tissues. The results of this study indicate that consumption of a high fat diet promotes oxidative stress related to hyperglycemia, which in turn can stimulate glycation of proteins leading to delta-ALA-D inhibition in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlei Folmer
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brasil
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Folmer V, Soares JCM, Rocha JBT. Oxidative stress in mice is dependent on the free glucose content of the diet. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2002; 34:1279-85. [PMID: 12127578 DOI: 10.1016/s1357-2725(02)00065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In animals, chronic intake of diets with high proportions of rapidly absorbable glucose promotes the development of insulin resistance. High levels of glucose can produce permanent chemical alterations in proteins and lipid peroxidation. delta-Aminolevulinate dehydratase (delta-ALA-D) is a sulfhydryl-containing enzyme essential for all aerobic organisms and is highly sensitive to the presence of pro-oxidants elements. The heme synthetic pathway is impaired in porphyria and a frequent coexistence of diabetes mellitus and porphyria disease has been reported in humans and experimental animal models, which can be casually linked to the delta-ALA-D inhibition found in diabetics. The present study was designed to evaluate the effect of two different diets, a high glucose (HG) diet and a high starch (HS) diet, on lipid peroxidation levels in different tissues (brain, liver, and kidney) and on delta-ALA-D activity (from liver and kidney) in mice. Plasma glucose and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in mice fed HG than in mice fed HS (P < 0.02 and P < 0.03, respectively). Thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBA-RS) content was significantly increased in kidney and liver from HG diet-fed mice when compared with animals fed HS diets (P < 0.001). Hepatic delta-ALA-D activity of HG diet-fed animals was significantly lower than that of HS diet-fed animals (P < 0.01). The results of this study support the hypothesis that consumption of a diet with high free glucose can promote the development of oxidative stress that we tentatively attribute to hyperglycemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanderlei Folmer
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 97105-900 Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Swamy-Mruthinti S, Miriam KC, Kumar SK, Biswas J, Ramakrishnan S, Nagaraj RH, Sulochana KN. Immunolocalization and quantification of advanced glycation end products in retinal neovascular membranes and serum: a possible role in ocular neovascularization. Curr Eye Res 2002; 25:139-45. [PMID: 12607183 DOI: 10.1076/ceyr.25.3.139.13480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Earlier studies have revealed the association of advanced glycation end products (AGE) with the pathogenesis of various micro and macro vascular complications. The purpose of the present study is to localize AGEs, namely carboxy methyl lysine (CML-AGE) and methyl glyoxal-derived AGEs (MG-AGE), in retinal neovascular membranes and to quantify them in serum samples. METHODS Surgically excised retinal neovascular membranes and serum samples obtained from patients with diabetic retinopathy, Eales' disease and nondiabetics were studied. Immunolocalization of AGEs namely CML-AGE and MG-derived AGEs was done using avidin biotin complex method and quantification was done by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS CML-AGE immunoreactivity was detected in all cases of Eales' disease and 61% cases of diabetic retinopathy and none in idiopathic epiretinal membrane (ERM). MG-AGE immunoreactivity was observed in approximately 15% of diabetic retinopathy and none in Eales' disease and and idiopathic ERM. Quantification of AGEs in serum samples revealed statistically significant increased levels of MG-AGE in diabetes, in relation to nondiabetics with idiopathic ERM and CML-AGE in Eales' disease, in relation to diabetics and nondiabetics with idiopathic ERM. CONCLUSION Results from this study suggest that AGEs formed through glycation and glycoxidation may play an important role in the development of retinal neovascularization. The immunoreactivity of CML-AGEs in neovascular membrane and its increased levels in serum suggest that inspite of the normoglycemic status, glycoxidation and lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress may trigger retinal neovascularization in Eales' disease, while MG-AGEs in diabetic membrane and serum suggest the role of glycation. Thus the mechanism of neovascularization in different pathological conditions could be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Swamy-Mruthinti
- Department of Biology, State University of West Georgia, Carrollton, GA, USA
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Hegde P, Chandrakasan G, Chandra T. Inhibition of collagen glycation and crosslinking in vitro by methanolic extracts of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum). J Nutr Biochem 2002; 13:517. [PMID: 12231421 DOI: 10.1016/s0955-2863(02)00171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The present investigation was carried out to study the effects of methanolic extracts of Finger millet (Eleusine coracana) and Kodo millet (Paspalum scrobiculatum) on glycation and crosslinking of collagen. Tail tendons obtained from rats weighing 200-225 g were incubated with glucose (50 mM) and 3 mg of extracts of the above millets in methanol under physiological conditions of temperature and pH for 10 days. Early glycation was estimated by phenol-sulfuric acid method and the crosslinking was assessed by pepsin digestion, cyanogen bromide peptide map and viscosity measurements. Tendon collagen incubated with glucose (50 mM) showed 65% solubility on pepsin treatment; poor resolution of bands in the cyanogen bromide peptide map, and intrinsic viscosity of 0.84 dl/g. The collagen incubated with Finger millet and Kodo millet extracts inhibited glycation; 89% and 92% solubility in pepsin; good resolution of bands in the cyanogen bromide peptide map and intrinsic viscosity of 0.46 and 0.58 dl/g respectively. The study implicates the potential usefulness of the above millets in protection against glycation and crosslinking of collagen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashant Hegde
- Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, 600 036, Madras, Chennai, India
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Facchiano F, Lentini A, Fogliano V, Mancarella S, Rossi C, Facchiano A, Capogrossi MC. Sugar-induced modification of fibroblast growth factor 2 reduces its angiogenic activity in vivo. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2002; 161:531-41. [PMID: 12163378 PMCID: PMC1850725 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9440(10)64209-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Both clinical and animal studies have shown that angiogenesis is impaired in diabetes mellitus; however, the mechanisms responsible for this effect are poorly characterized. The major aims of the present study were to evaluate the effect of hyperglycemia on fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2)-induced angiogenesis in vivo and to determine whether FGF2 non-enzymatic glycation occurs in hyperglycemic mice. New blood vessel formation was examined in reconstituted basement membrane protein (Matrigel) plugs containing FGF2 in control normoglycemic CD1 and in hyperglycemic nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice. FGF2-induced angiogenesis in NOD mice was inhibited by 75% versus control mice (P < 0.001). When recombinant FGF2 was mixed with Matrigel and injected in mice, it was found that recombinant FGF2 glycation was significantly enhanced in plugs from NOD versus control mice (P < 0.01). In the Boyden chamber assay, the chemotactic effect of glycated FGF2 toward endothelial cells was lower than that of unmodified FGF2 (P < 0.01). Further, FGF2 glycated in vitro and co-injected with Matrigel in CD1 mice was a weaker angiogenic stimulus than unglycated FGF2 (P < 0.005). These results indicate that FGF2-induced angiogenesis is inhibited in diabetic mice, FGF2 glycation is enhanced in hyperglycemic mice, and glycation markedly reduces FGF2 chemotactic effect in vitro and its angiogenic properties in vivo. Thus, FGF2 glycation may represent a mechanism responsible for the impairment of angiogenesis in diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Facchiano
- Laboratorio di Patologia Vascolare, Istituto Dermopatico dell'Immacolata, Roma, Italy.
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Birrell AM, Heffernan SJ, Kirwan P, McLennan S, Gillin AG, Yue DK. The effects of aminoguanidine on renal changes in a baboon model of Type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2002; 16:301-9. [PMID: 12126789 DOI: 10.1016/s1056-8727(01)00225-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of aminoguanidine (AG) on primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy was investigated in a nonhuman primate model of Type 1 diabetes over a period of 4 years. METHODS Adolescent male baboons (Papio hamadryas) were assigned to four groups: control, diabetic, and control and diabetic treated with AG. Diabetes was induced with streptozocin (60 mg/kg) and treated with insulin to maintain a mean HbA1c level of about 9%. AG was given subcutaneously (10 mg/kg) each day. All animals had annual renal biopsies and 24-h urine collections for measurements of glomerular basement membrane (GBM) thickness, fractional mesangium volume (FMV), albumin excretion rate (AER), and creatinine clearance. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were also determined. RESULT The diabetic animals had increased GBM after 2 years of diabetes, but there was no increase in FMV over the study period. AG prevented the thickening of GBM at the 3- and 4-year time points. AG and diabetes synergistically increased the GFR. All diabetic animals developed increased albuminuria during the study although lower than the conventionally accepted microalbuminuria range. AG was not able to prevent this and, in fact, led to the nondiabetic animals also developing albuminuria. CONCLUSION This is the first study to investigate the early use of AG in ameliorating renal damage in a primate model of Type 1 diabetes. The structural and functional changes in the kidney of these animals resemble those seen in the early stages of the human disease. AG was able to significantly reduce the thickening of GBM due to diabetes. This may suggest a potential role for this in primary prevention of diabetic nephropathy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex M Birrell
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Aronson D, Rayfield EJ. How hyperglycemia promotes atherosclerosis: molecular mechanisms. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2002; 1:1. [PMID: 12119059 PMCID: PMC116615 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-1-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 294] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2002] [Accepted: 04/08/2002] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Both type I and type II diabetes are powerful and independent risk factors for coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, and peripheral arterial disease. Atherosclerosis accounts for virtually 80% of all deaths among diabetic patients. Prolonged exposure to hyperglycemia is now recognized a major factor in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in diabetes. Hyperglycemia induces a large number of alterations at the cellular level of vascular tissue that potentially accelerate the atherosclerotic process. Animal and human studies have elucidated three major mechanisms that encompass most of the pathological alterations observed in the diabetic vasculature: 1) Nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins and lipids which can interfere with their normal function by disrupting molecular conformation, alter enzymatic activity, reduce degradative capacity, and interfere with receptor recognition. In addition, glycosylated proteins interact with a specific receptor present on all cells relevant to the atherosclerotic process, including monocyte-derived macrophages, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. The interaction of glycosylated proteins with their receptor results in the induction of oxidative stress and proinflammatory responses 2) oxidative stress 3) protein kinase C (PKC) activation with subsequent alteration in growth factor expression. Importantly, these mechanisms may be interrelated. For example, hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress promotes both the formation of advanced glycosylation end products and PKC activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doron Aronson
- Cardiology Division, Rambam Medical Center, 31096 Haifa, Israel
| | - Elliot J Rayfield
- Clinical Professor of Medicine Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- USA Visiting Physician, Rockefeller University Hospital, New York, NY 10021, USA
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