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Jiang Y, Liu F, Zhang D, Fu X, Chen S, Wei M, Li Z, Lei H, Niu H. Identification of Novel -Glucosidase Inhibitors from Syzygium jambos (L.) Using Spectroscopy and Molecular Docking. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 79:73-82. [PMID: 38006459 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-023-01123-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
Fruits of Syzygium jambos (L.) are recognized as a "food", exhibiting significant antidiabetic activities. However, the α-glucosidase inhibition of the components from Syzygium jambos (L.) have not yet been investigated. In this study, a total of 14 compounds were isolated from Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston, eight of which showed significant inhibitory effects on α-glucosidase, with IC50 values in the range of 0.011-0.665 mM. Notably, compounds 1-3 (IC50: 0.013, 0.011 and 0.030 mM, respectively) exhibited much stronger activity than acarbose (IC50: 2.329 ± 0.109 mM). The enzyme kinetics study indicated that compound 1 was an uncompetitive inhibitor, and compounds 2-8 were mixed-type inhibitors. Moreover, the interactions between compounds and α-glucosidase were investigated by molecular docking, which further revealed that the number of olefin double bonds and 2-COOH of heptadeca-phenols had a notable effect on the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. This study demonstrated that Syzygium jambos (L.) fruit might serve as a functional food for the prevention of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Feifei Liu
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Xiujuan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Siwei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Mei Wei
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China
| | - Zhi Li
- The Affiliated Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Hui Lei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
| | - Hong Niu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, China.
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Derosa G, D'Angelo A, Maffioli P. The role of selected nutraceuticals in management of prediabetes and diabetes: An updated review of the literature. Phytother Res 2022; 36:3709-3765. [PMID: 35912631 PMCID: PMC9804244 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Dysglycemia is a disease state preceding the onset of diabetes and includes impaired fasting glycemia and impaired glucose tolerance. This review aimed to collect and analyze the literature reporting the results of clinical trials evaluating the effects of selected nutraceuticals on glycemia in humans. The results of the analyzed trials, generally, showed the positive effects of the nutraceuticals studied alone or in association with other supplements on fasting plasma glucose and post-prandial plasma glucose as primary outcomes, and their efficacy in improving insulin resistance as a secondary outcome. Some evidences, obtained from clinical trials, suggest a role for some nutraceuticals, and in particular Berberis, Banaba, Curcumin, and Guar gum, in the management of prediabetes and diabetes. However, contradictory results were found on the hypoglycemic effects of Morus, Ilex paraguariensis, Omega-3, Allium cepa, and Trigonella faenum graecum, whereby rigorous long-term clinical trials are needed to confirm these data. More studies are also needed for Eugenia jambolana, as well as for Ascophyllum nodosum and Fucus vesiculosus which glucose-lowering effects were observed when administered in combination, but not alone. Further trials are also needed for quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Derosa
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly,Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly,Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Angela D'Angelo
- Department of Internal Medicine and TherapeuticsUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Laboratory of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Pamela Maffioli
- Centre of Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases, and DyslipidemiasUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly,Regional Centre for Prevention, Surveillance, Diagnosis and Treatment of Dyslipidemias and AtherosclerosisFondazione IRCCS Policlinico San MatteoPaviaItaly,Italian Nutraceutical Society (SINut)BolognaItaly
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Roles of Syzygium in Anti-Cholinesterase, Anti-Diabetic, Anti-Inflammatory, and Antioxidant: From Alzheimer’s Perspective. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111476. [PMID: 35684249 PMCID: PMC9183156 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) causes progressive memory loss and cognitive dysfunction. It is triggered by multifaceted burdens such as cholinergic toxicity, insulin resistance, neuroinflammation, and oxidative stress. Syzygium plants are ethnomedicinally used in treating inflammation, diabetes, as well as memory impairment. They are rich in antioxidant phenolic compounds, which can be multi-target neuroprotective agents against AD. This review attempts to review the pharmacological importance of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotection, focusing on anti-cholinesterase, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Articles published in bibliographic databases within recent years relevant to neuroprotection were reviewed. About 10 species were examined for their anti-cholinesterase capacity. Most studies were conducted in the form of extracts rather than compounds. Syzygium aromaticum (particularly its essential oil and eugenol component) represents the most studied species owing to its economic significance in food and therapy. The molecular mechanisms of Syzygium species in neuroprotection include the inhibition of AChE to correct cholinergic transmission, suppression of pro-inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress markers, RIS production, enhancement of antioxidant enzymes, the restoration of brain ions homeostasis, the inhibition of microglial invasion, the modulation of ß-cell insulin release, the enhancement of lipid accumulation, glucose uptake, and adiponectin secretion via the activation of the insulin signaling pathway. Additional efforts are warranted to explore less studied species, including the Australian and Western Syzygium species. The effectiveness of the Syzygium genus in neuroprotective responses is markedly established, but further compound isolation, in silico, and clinical studies are demanded.
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Ochieng MA, Ben Bakrim W, Bitchagno GTM, Mahmoud MF, Sobeh M. Syzygium jambos L. Alston: An Insight Into its Phytochemistry, Traditional Uses, and Pharmacological Properties. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:786712. [PMID: 35177986 PMCID: PMC8845460 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.786712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times for human healthcare as drugs, spices, and food additives. The progress in technology and medicine observed, the last decades, has improved the quality of life and healthcare but with worrisome drawbacks. Side effects caused by synthetic drugs for instance originate sometimes irreversible health disorders. Natural substances, in contrast, are biologically and environmentally friendly. Syzygium jambos L. (Alston) also known as rose apple conveys a long history as essential traditional medicine with a broad spectrum of application in various cultures. The plant discloses a diverse group of secondary metabolites and extracts that displayed major susceptibilities towards various health concerns especially stress-related and inflammatory diseases. Despite a rich literature about the plant, the chemistry and biology of S. jambos have not been comprehensively reviewed yet. Accordingly, we present herein a literature survey of rose apple which aims to draw the chemical identity of the plant and establish a consistent discussion on the respective biological application of plant extracts and their corresponding traditional uses. The present work could provide a scientific basis for future studies and necessary information for further investigations of new drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melvin Adhiambo Ochieng
- School of Agriculture, Fertilization, and Environmental Sciences (ESAFE), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Widad Ben Bakrim
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- African Sustainable Agriculture Research Institute (ASARI), Mohammed VI Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben-Guerir, Morocco
| | - Gabin Thierry M. Bitchagno
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Gabin Thierry M. Bitchagno, ; Mansour Sobeh,
| | - Mona F. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mansour Sobeh
- AgroBioSciences, Mohammed VI Polytechnic University, Ben-Guerir, Morocco
- *Correspondence: Gabin Thierry M. Bitchagno, ; Mansour Sobeh,
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Hossain H, Rahman SE, Akbar PN, Khan TA, Rahman MM, Jahan IA. HPLC profiling, antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of the ethanol extract of Syzygium jambos available in Bangladesh. BMC Res Notes 2016; 9:191. [PMID: 27021114 PMCID: PMC4810503 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-016-2000-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Syzygium jambos has been used as a traditional medicine for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in Bangladesh. The study investigates the high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) profiling of phenolic compounds, and evaluates the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of ethanol extract of S. jambos available in Bangladesh. METHODS The extract was subjected to HPLC for the identification and quantification of the major bioactive polyphenols present in S. jambos. Antioxidant activity was determined using 2, 2'-azino bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging, reducing power assay, total antioxidant capacity, total phenolic and flavonoid content. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect of the extract in rats for two different test models: carrageenan and histamine-induced paw edema was inspected. RESULTS High levels of catechin hydrate and rutin hydrate (99.00 and 79.20 mg/100 g extract, respectively) and moderate amounts of ellagic acid and quercetin (59.40 and 69.30 mg/100 g extract, respectively) were quantified in HPLC. Catechin hydrate from this plant extract was determined for the first time through HPLC. For ABTS scavenging assay, the median inhibition concentration (IC50) value of S. jambos was 57.80 µg/ml, which was significant to that of ascorbic acid (12.01 µg/ml). The maximum absorbance for reducing power assay was found to be 0.4934. The total antioxidant capacity, phenolic and flavonoid contents were calculated to be 628.50 mg/g of ascorbic acid, 230.82 mg/g of gallic acid and 11.84 mg/g of quercetin equivalent, respectively. At a dose of 400 mg/kg, a significant acute anti-inflammatory activity (P < 0.01) was observed in rats for both the test models with a reduction in the paw volume of 58.04 and 53.95 %, in comparison to those of indomethacin (62.94 and 65.79 %), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the phenolic and flavonoid compounds are responsible for acute anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of S. jambos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemayet Hossain
- Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-E-Khuda Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh.
| | - Shaikh Emdadur Rahman
- Pharmacy Discipline, Life Science School, Khulna University, Khulna, 9208, Bangladesh
| | - Proity Nayeeb Akbar
- Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-E-Khuda Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Tanzir Ahmed Khan
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-E-Khuda Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Md Mahfuzur Rahman
- Institute of Food Science and Technology, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-E-Khuda Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
| | - Ismet Ara Jahan
- Chemical Research Division, BCSIR Laboratories, Bangladesh Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Dr. Qudrat-E-Khuda Road, Dhaka, 1205, Bangladesh
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Gavillán-Suárez J, Aguilar-Perez A, Rivera-Ortiz N, Rodríguez-Tirado K, Figueroa-Cuilan W, Morales-Santiago L, Maldonado-Martínez G, Cubano LA, Martínez-Montemayor MM. Chemical profile and in vivo hypoglycemic effects of Syzygium jambos, Costus speciosus and Tapeinochilos ananassae plant extracts used as diabetes adjuvants in Puerto Rico. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015. [PMID: 26198986 PMCID: PMC4511456 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0772-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing numbers of people who use plant-based remedies as alternative or complementary medicine call for the validation of less known herbal formulations used to treat their ailments. Since Puerto Rico has the highest rate of Type 2 diabetes within all the states and territories of the United States, and Puerto Ricans commonly use plants as diabetes adjuvants, it is important to study the plants' physiological effects, and identify their bioactive compounds to understand their role in modulation of blood glucose levels. We present the phytochemical profiles and hypoglycemic effects of Tapeinochilus ananassae, Costus speciosus and Syzygium jambos. METHODS Phytochemicals in methanolic and aqueous extracts were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Alkaloids (Bromocresol green, λ=470 nm), flavonoids (AlCl3, λ=415 nm), saponins (DNS, λ=760 nm), tannins (FeCl3/K4Fe(CN)6, λ=395 nm) and phenolics (Folin-Ciocalteau, λ=765 nm) were quantified. Male C57BLKS/J (db/db) and C57BL/J (ob/ob) genetically obese mice were orally gavaged with aqueous extracts of lyophilized plant decoctions for 10 wks. RESULTS Our results show that T. ananassae had significantly greater amounts of flavonoids and tannins, while S. jambos showed the greatest concentration of phenolics and C. speciosus exhibited higher amounts of alkaloids. C57BLKS/J db/db treated with plant extracts show better glucose modulation when the extracts are administered in complement with an insulin injection. Finally, C57BL/J ob/ob mice on T. ananassae and S. jambos treatments show better blood glucose modulation over time. CONCLUSION These results document for the first time the chemical profile of T. ananassae and provide evidence for a potential anti-diabetic efficacy of T. ananassae and S. jambos.
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Syzygium jambos and Solanum guaraniticum show similar antioxidant properties but induce different enzymatic activities in the brain of rats. Molecules 2013; 18:9179-94. [PMID: 23912272 PMCID: PMC6269761 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2013] [Accepted: 07/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Syzygium jambos and Solanum guaraniticum are both employed in Brazil as medicinal plants, even though their potential toxicity is not well established and they are frequently misused. The aim of this study was investigate the effect of the aqueous leaf extracts of both plants on δ-aminolevulinate dehydratase (δ-ALA-D) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities and the antioxidant action against oxidative damage induced by sodium nitroprusside in rats, using in vitro assays. In addition, the presence of gallic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, as well as rutin, quercetin and kaempferol as bioactive compounds in the extracts was identified by HPLC and their levels quantified. The antioxidant activities of both extracts were assessed by their capabilities to scavenge nitric oxide and to inhibit lipid peroxidation. Only Syzygium jambos presented thiol-peroxidase-like activity. Although neither extract affected the AChE activity, the aqueous extract of Solanum guaraniticum inhibited brain δ-ALA-D activity, suggesting a possible impairment effect on the central nervous system. Our results showed that both extracts exhibited efficient free radical scavenger activity and are an interesting source of bioactive compounds, justifying their use in folk medicine, although Solanum guaraniticum extract could have neurotoxicity properties and we therefore suggest that its use should be restricted to ensure the health of the population.
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Bopp A, De Bona KS, Bellé LP, Moresco RN, Moretto MB. Syzygium cumini inhibits adenosine deaminase activity and reduces glucose levels in hyperglycemic patients. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2009; 23:501-7. [PMID: 19709327 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.2009.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Syzigium cumini (L.) Skeels from the Myrtaceae family is among the most common medicinal plants used to treat diabetes in Brazil. Leaves, fruits, and barks of S. cumini have been used for their hypoglycemic activity. Adenosine deaminase (ADA) is an important enzyme that plays a relevant role in purine and DNA metabolism, immune responses, and peptidase activity. ADA is suggested to be an important enzyme for modulating the bioactivity of insulin, but its clinical significance in diabetes mellitus (DM) has not yet been proven. In this study, we examined the effect of aqueous leaf extracts of S. cumini (L.) (ASC) on ADA activity of hyperglycemic subjects and the activity of total ADA, and its isoenzymes in serum and erythrocytes. The present study indicates that: (i) the ADA activity in hyperglycemic serum was higher than normoglycemic serum and ADA activity was higher when the blood glucose level was more elevated; (ii) ASC (60-1000 microg/mL) in vitro caused a concentration-dependent inhibition of total ADA activity and a decrease in the blood glucose level in serum; (iii) ADA1 and 2 were reduced both in erythrocytes and in hyperglycemic serum. These results suggest that the decrease of ADA activity provoked by ASC may contribute to control adenosine levels and the antioxidant defense system of red cells and could be related to the complex ADA/DPP-IV-CD26 and the properties of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors which serve as important regulators of blood glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bopp
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas e Toxicológicas, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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Teixeira CC, Fuchs FD. The efficacy of herbal medicines in clinical models: the case of jambolan. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2006; 108:16-9. [PMID: 16963214 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2006.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2006] [Revised: 07/23/2006] [Accepted: 07/26/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
A large proportion of drugs employed in clinical practice come from plants. The development of new medical agents is a lengthy and time-consuming process, with the identification of extracts with putative therapeutic effects, the isolation of active ingredients and pre-clinical studies to investigate their pharmacological profile. We propose a shortcut in this sequence of procedures, testing first if the extracts, in the way they are used by patients, have efficacy in clinical models. On the one hand, this allows to screen plants with higher chances to identify novel drug candidates; this method may result in information with immediate interest for patients who take these traditional preparations, informing them about efficacy, inertia and risks of the product. In this commentary, we describe our own experience applying this approach to investigate the potential antihyperglycemic effect of tea and extracts prepared from leaves of jambolan (Syzygium cumini and Syzygium jambos). The experiments with normal rats, rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes, normal volunteers and patients with diabetes were all negative in regard to an antihyperglycemic effect of this plant. In view of the pharmacological inertia of jambolan in the clinical model, patients and physicians should not rely on its putative antihyperglycemic effect. This approach may also be applicable to other popular medicines employed in the management of diabetes and other diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Coimbra Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, ICBS, Rua Sarmento Leite, 550, CEP 90046-900, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Teixeira CC, Fuchs FD, Weinert LS, Esteves J. The efficacy of folk medicines in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus: results of a randomized controlled trial of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels. J Clin Pharm Ther 2006; 31:1-5. [PMID: 16476114 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2710.2006.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether a tea prepared from leaves of jambolan, Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels, has an antihyperglycaemic effect in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled in a double-blind, double-dummy, randomized clinical trial. The three experimental groups received a tea prepared from leaves of S. cumini plus placebo tablets, placebo tea plus glyburide tablets or placebo tea plus placebo tablets. RESULTS In total, 27 patients were allocated to one of the treatment groups and followed for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose levels decreased significantly with glyburide and did not change with S. cumini tea or placebo. Body mass index, creatinine, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, aspartate aminotransferase (SGOT), alanine aminotransferase (SGPT), 24-h glicosuria, 24-h proteinuria, triglycerides, total, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol did not vary significantly between the different groups. CONCLUSIONS Tea prepared from leaves of S. cumini has no hypoglycaemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Teixeira
- Department of Pharmacology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rua Sarmento Leite 500, CEP 90046-900, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
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Pepato MT, Mori DM, Baviera AM, Harami JB, Vendramini RC, Brunetti IL. Fruit of the jambolan tree (Eugenia jambolana Lam.) and experimental diabetes. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2005; 96:43-8. [PMID: 15588649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2004.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2004] [Revised: 07/13/2004] [Accepted: 07/14/2004] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The fruit of Indian Eugenia jambolana have been shown to have therapeutic properties, but because the therapeutic potential of a plant is related to the geographic region in which the plant was grown and to the part of the plant used, we investigated Brazilian Eugenia jambolana fruit using the same preparation and experimental methods as have been used in India. The well-established metabolic cage model was used to evaluate the physiological and metabolic parameters associated with streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats (n=10) which had been administered, by gavage, 50 mg per day of lyophilised Eugenia jambolana fruit-pulp extract for 41 days. We found that, compared to untreated controls, rats treated with the lyophilised fruit-pulp showed no observable difference in body weight, food or water intake, urine volume, glycaemia, urinary urea and glucose, hepatic glycogen, or on serum levels of total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol or triglycerides. No change was observed in the masses of epididymal or retroperitoneal adipose tissue or of soleus or extensor digitorum longus muscles. This lack of any apparent effect on the diabetes may be attributable to the regional ecosystem where the fruit was collected and/or to the severity of the induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pepato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas-UNESP, Rua Expedicionários do Brasil n. 1621, Araraquara-CEP 14801-902, SP, Brazil.
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Teixeira CC, Weinert LS, Barbosa DC, Ricken C, Esteves JF, Fuchs FD. Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels in the treatment of type 2 diabetes: results of a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, controlled trial. Diabetes Care 2004; 27:3019-20. [PMID: 15562231 DOI: 10.2337/diacare.27.12.3019-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Pepato MT, Folgado VB, Kettelhut IC, Brunetti IL. Lack of antidiabetic effect of a Eugenia jambolana leaf decoction on rat streptozotocin diabetes. Braz J Med Biol Res 2001; 34:389-95. [PMID: 11262591 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2001000300014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptozotocin-diabetic rats were treated for 17 days with a decoction of Eugenia jambolana (Myrtaceae) leaves (15%, w/v) as a substitute for water. Body weight, food and fluid intake, urine volume, glycemia, urinary glucose and urea were evaluated every 5 days. The animals were sacrificed by decapitation and blood samples collected for the determination of glycemia, serum cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, triglycerides and angiotensin-converting enzyme. The weight of adipose and muscle tissues was also determined. There were no statistically significant differences between treated and untreated rats for any of the biochemical or physiological parameters. We conclude that, at least in this experimental model, Eugenia jambolana leaf decoction has no antidiabetic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T Pepato
- Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Araraquara, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Araraquara, SP, Brasil.
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Rao BK, Rao CH. Hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity of Syzygium alternifolium (Wt.) Walp. seed extracts in normal and diabetic rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2001; 8:88-93. [PMID: 11315761 DOI: 10.1078/0944-7113-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Aqueous, ethanolic and hexane fractions of Syzygium alternifolium seeds were prepared and given different doses of these extracts individually to different batches of rats (both normal and alloxan diabetic rats) after an overnight fast. The blood glucose levels were measured at 0, 1, 3, 5 and 7 hours after the treatment. The aqueous extract of Syzygium alternifolium at a dosage of 0.75 g/kg b.w. is showing maximum blood glucose lowering effect in both normal and alloxan diabetic rats. The ethanol and hexane fractions are also showing hypoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity, but the effect is significantly less than that of aqueous extract. The antihyperglycemic activity of Syzygium alternifolium seed was compared with the treatment of Glibenclamide.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi Andhra Pradesh, India
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Abstract
The effects of the aqueous extract of the leaf of Euphrasia officinale on blood glucose levels in normal and alloxan-diabetic rats were investigated. The treatment of alloxan-induced diabetic rats brought down the raised glucose levels, while the extract was devoid of hypoglycemic effect in normal rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Porchezhian
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi 110 062, India
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Djipa CD, Delmée M, Quetin-Leclercq J. Antimicrobial activity of bark extracts of Syzygium jambos (L.) alston (Myrtaceae). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 71:307-313. [PMID: 10904178 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(99)00186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Syzygium jambos (L.) Alston (Myrtaceae) is a widespread medicinal plant traditionally used in sub-Saharan Africa to treat infectious diseases. Acetone and aqueous extracts from the bark of S. jambos were tested for antimicrobial activity in vitro by the agar dilution method in petri dishes. Both extracts showed some activity against the tested micro-organisms. They proved to be particularly effective on Staphylococcus aureus, Yersinia enterocolitica and coagulase negative staphylococci among which Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus cohnii and Staphylococcus warneri. These properties seem to be related to the high tannin content of S. jambos extracts (77 and 83% for the aqueous and acetone extracts, respectively, determined according to the European Pharmacopoeia method) which were generally more active than Hamamelis virginiana, Krameria triandra, Alchemilla vulgaris and Rubus fruticosus extracts containing 48, 44, 46 and 28% tannins, respectively. Furthermore, elimination of tannins totally suppressed these antimicrobial activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- C D Djipa
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, CHAM Unit, Université Catholique de Louvain, UCL 72.30. Av. E. Mounier 72, 1200, Brussels, Belgium
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Teixeira CC, Rava CA, Mallman da Silva P, Melchior R, Argenta R, Anselmi F, Almeida CR, Fuchs FD. Absence of antihyperglycemic effect of jambolan in experimental and clinical models. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2000; 71:343-7. [PMID: 10904184 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(00)00185-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The use of alternative therapies to treat diabetes, including teas prepared with different vegetables, is widespread in Brazil. In Porto Alegre, a southern city of Brazil, the tea prepared from leaves of Syzygium cumini (L.) Skeels or S. jambos (L.) Alst has been report to be used frequently by diabetic patients. We investigated the postulated antihyperglycemic effect of the S. cumini (L.) Skeels in three experiments. In the first, a randomized, parallel, placebo controlled trial, tea prepared from leaves of S. cumini did not present any antihyperglycernic effect in 30 non-diabetic young volunteers submitted to a glucose blood tolerance test. In the animal experiments, we tested the effect of increasing doses of the crude extract prepared from leaves of S. cumini administrated for 2 weeks, on the post-prandial blood glucose level of normal rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. The treatment did not produce any antihyperglycernic effect in both models. These results do not rule out hypoglycemic effects in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, but strongly suggest that, for a while, the jambolan can not be recommended as an antihyperglycemic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Teixeira
- Departament of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul and Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, U.F.R.G.S. Rua Sarmento Leite, 500/202 CEP 90.046-900, RS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Teixeira CC, Pinto LP, Kessler FH, Knijnik L, Pinto CP, Gastaldo GJ, Fuchs FD. The effect of Syzygium cumini (L.) skeels on post-prandial blood glucose levels in non-diabetic rats and rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1997; 56:209-213. [PMID: 9201610 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(97)01532-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate whether a tea prepared from Syzygium cumini, reported to be used by diabetics in Porto Alegre, Brazil, might have an antihyperglycemic effect in experimental models. Teas prepared from leaves and seeds of S. cumini, in concentrations ranging from 2-64 g/l, were administered, as water substitute for 14-95 days, to 16 groups with 8-9 normal albino rats and to four groups with 10-12 rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus. Post-prandial blood glucose levels were determined by the glucose oxidase method on blood samples obtained by decapitation. None of the tea concentration had any detectable antihyperglycemic effect either in normal or in diabetic rats, suggesting that this plant, prepared in a manner similar to that employed by humans, is destitute of an antihyperglycemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Teixeira
- Departmento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Elisabetsky E, Wannmacher L. The status of ethnopharmacology in Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 1993; 38:137-43. [PMID: 8510461 DOI: 10.1016/0378-8741(93)90008-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Brazil is a country of interest to ethnopharmacology because of its great wealth of cultural and biological diversity. This paper describes relevant research activities in the areas of botany, chemistry, basic and clinical pharmacology, and discusses the key factors that shaped ethnopharmacology development in the country. Specific attention is given to analyzing ongoing attempts to include medicinal plant based formulations in the official health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Elisabetsky
- Departamento de Farmacologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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