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Perkins IU, Tan SY, McCalmont TH, Chou PM, Mully TW, Gerami P, Pomerantz JH, Reyes-Múgica M, Balkin DM, Kruse LL, Huang B, Reichek JL, Gangopadhyay N, Chiosea S, Green JR, Chamlin SL, Frieden IJ, Bastian BC, Yeh I. Melanoma in infants, caused by a gene fusion involving the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2024; 37:6-14. [PMID: 37475109 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
We describe the first cases of pediatric melanoma with ALK fusion gene arising within giant congenital melanocytic nevi. Two newborn boys presented with large pigmented nodular plaques and numerous smaller satellite nevi. Additional expansile nodules developed within both nevi and invasive melanomas were diagnosed before 10 months of age in both boys. Oncogenic driver mutations in NRAS and BRAF were absent in both cases. Instead, oncogenic ZEB2::ALK fusion genes were identified in both the nevus and melanoma developing within the nevus. In both cases, tumors were noted by ultrasound in utero, demonstrated significant nodularity at birth, and progressed to melanoma in the first year of life suggesting that congenital nevi with ALK fusion genes may behave more aggressively than those with other mutations. As ALK kinase inhibitors are effective against a range of tumors with similar ALK fusion kinases, identifying ALK fusion genes in congenital melanocytic nevi may provide an opportunity for targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma U Perkins
- Department of Pathology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Serena Y Tan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Timothy H McCalmont
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- GS Dermatology Associates, Walnut Creek, California, USA
| | - Pauline M Chou
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Thaddeus W Mully
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Pedram Gerami
- Department of Pathology, Ann and Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Jason H Pomerantz
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Orofacial Sciences, Program in Craniofacial Biology, Eli and Edythe Broad Center of Regeneration Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Daniel M Balkin
- Department of Plastic & Oral Surgery, Boston's Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Surgery, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lacey L Kruse
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Benjamin Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer L Reichek
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Noopur Gangopadhyay
- Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Simon Chiosea
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jared R Green
- Envision Radiology Associates of Hollywood, Joe DiMaggio Children's Hospital, Hollywood, Florida, USA
| | - Sarah L Chamlin
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ilona J Frieden
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Boris C Bastian
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Iwei Yeh
- Department of Dermatology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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2
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Pampena R, Piccolo V, Muscianese M, Kyrgidis A, Lai M, Russo T, Briatico G, Di Brizzi EV, Cascone G, Pellerone S, Longo C, Moscarella E, Argenziano G. Melanoma in children: A systematic review and individual patient meta-analysis. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2023; 37:1758-1776. [PMID: 37210654 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.19220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The current evidence on paediatric melanoma is heterogeneous, especially regarding the prognosis of different histological subtypes. We sought to systematically review the evidence on paediatric melanoma, highlighting the major sources of heterogeneity and focusing on available data on single patients. A systematic search was performed from 1948 to 25 January 2021. Only studies reporting at least one case of cutaneous melanoma in patients aged ≤18 years were included. Unknown primary and uncertain malignant melanomas were excluded. Three couples of authors independently performed title/abstract screening and two different authors reviewed all the relevant full texts. The selected articles were manually cross-checked for overlapping data for qualitative synthesis. Subsequently data on single patients were extracted to perform a patient-level meta-analysis. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42021233248. The main outcomes were melanoma-specific survival (MSS) and progression-free survival (PFS) outcomes. Separate analyses were done of cases with complete information on histologic subtype, focusing on superficial spreading (SSM), nodular (NM) and spitzoid melanomas, as well as of those classified as de-novo (DNM) and acquired or congenital nevus-associated melanomas (NAM). The qualitative synthesis covered 266 studies; however, data on single patients were available from 213 studies including 1002 patients. Among histologic subtypes, NM had a lower MSS than both SSM and spitzoid melanoma, and a lower PFS than SSM. Spitzoid melanoma had a significantly higher progression risk than SSM and trended toward lower mortality. Focusing on nevus-associated status, DNM demonstrated better MSS after progression than congenital NAM, and no differences were highlighted in PFS. Our findings describe the existence of different biological patterns in paediatric melanoma. Specifically, spitzoid melanomas demonstrated intermediate behaviour between SSM and NM and showed a high risk of nodal progression but low mortality. This raises the question of whether spitzoid lesions are being over-diagnosed as melanoma in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riccardo Pampena
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | | | | | - Athanassios Kyrgidis
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michela Lai
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
- Clinical and Experimental Medicine PhD Program, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Teresa Russo
- Dermatology Unit, University of Campania, Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Caterina Longo
- Centro Oncologico ad Alta Tecnologia Diagnostica, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale - IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
- Department of Dermatology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
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3
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Pseudomalignancies in Children: Histological Clues, and Pitfalls to Be Avoided. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2021; 8:376-389. [PMID: 34449607 PMCID: PMC8395711 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8030042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Revised: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “pseudomalignancy” covers a large, heterogenous group of diseases characterized by a benign cellular proliferation, hyperplasia, or infiltrate that resembles a true malignancy clinically or histologically. Here, we (i) provide a non-exhaustive review of several inflammatory skin diseases and benign skin proliferations that can mimic a malignant neoplasm in children, (ii) give pathologists some helpful clues to guide their diagnosis, and (iii) highlight pitfalls to be avoided. The observation of clinical–pathological correlations is often important in this situation and can sometimes be the only means (along with careful monitoring of the disease’s clinical course) of reaching a firm diagnosis.
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Cutaneous Melanomas Arising during Childhood: An Overview of the Main Entities. Dermatopathology (Basel) 2021; 8:301-314. [PMID: 34449585 PMCID: PMC8395919 DOI: 10.3390/dermatopathology8030036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cutaneous melanomas are exceptional in children and represent a variety of clinical situations, each with a different prognosis. In congenital nevi, the risk of transformation is correlated with the size of the nevus. The most frequent type is lateral transformation, extremely rare before puberty, reminiscent of a superficial spreading melanoma (SSM) ex-nevus. Deep nodular transformation is much rarer, can occur before puberty, and must be distinguished from benign proliferative nodules. Superficial spreading melanoma can also arise within small nevi, which were not visible at birth, usually after puberty, and can reveal a cancer predisposition syndrome (CDKN2A or CDK4 germline mutations). Prognosis is correlated with classical histoprognostic features (mainly Breslow thickness). Spitz tumors are frequent in adolescents and encompass benign (Spitz nevus), intermediate (atypical Spitz tumor), and malignant forms (malignant Spitz tumor). The whole spectrum is characterized by specific morphology with spindled and epithelioid cells, genetic features, and an overall favorable outcome even if a regional lymph node is involved. Nevoid melanomas are rare and difficult to diagnose clinically and histologically. They can arise in late adolescence. Their prognosis is currently not very well ascertained. A small group of melanomas remains unclassified after histological and molecular assessment.
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Belysheva TS, Vishnevskaya YV, Nasedkina TV, Emelyanova MA, Abramov IS, Orlova KV, Lubchenko LN, Utyashev IA, Doroshenko MB, Demidov LV, Aliev MD. Melanoma arising in a Giant congenital melanocytic nevus: two case reports. Diagn Pathol 2019; 14:21. [PMID: 30782194 PMCID: PMC6381634 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-019-0797-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A giant congenital melanocytic nevus (GCMN) is found in 0.1% of live-born infants. If present, the lesion has a chance of about 6% to develop into malignant melanoma. Both children and adults can be affected by malignant melanoma arising in a giant congenital nevus. Up to 95% of GCMNs harbor NRAS mutations, and mutations in the BRAF, MC1R, TP53, and GNAQ genes have also been described. The individualization of therapy is required, but diagnostic and prognostic criteria remain controversial. Case presentations We report two cases: 1) melanoma arising in a giant congenital nevus during the first month of life complicated with neurocutaneous melanosis (NCM), and 2) melanoma arising in a giant congenital nevus during the first 6 months of life. Pathology, immunohistochemistry, and genetic analyses of tumor tissue were performed. The first case revealed only a non-pathogenic P72R polymorphism of the TP53 gene in the homozygote condition. For the second case, a Q61K mutation was detected in the NRAS gene. Conclusion Malignant melanoma associated with GCMN is rare and therefore poorly understood. Outcomes have been linked to the stage at diagnosis, but no additional pathological prognostic factors have been identified. The most frequent genetic event in giant CMNs is NRAS mutations, which was discovered in one of our cases. To accumulate evidence to improve disease prognosis and outcomes, children with congenital melanocytic nevus should be included in a systemic follow-up study from birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana S Belysheva
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yana V Vishnevskaya
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Tatiana V Nasedkina
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina A Emelyanova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Ivan S Abramov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation.,Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Kristina V Orlova
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Ludmila N Lubchenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Igor A Utyashev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Marina B Doroshenko
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Lev V Demidov
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Mamed D Aliev
- Federal State Budgetary Institution, "N.N. Blokhin Medical Research Center of Oncology" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 115478 Kashirskoye shosse, 24, Moscow, Russian Federation
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6
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Pavlova O, Fraitag S, Hohl D. 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine Expression in Proliferative Nodules Arising within Congenital Nevi Allows Differentiation from Malignant Melanoma. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:2453-2461. [PMID: 27456754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2016] [Revised: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Differentiation of proliferative nodules in giant congenital nevi from melanoma arising within such nevi is an important diagnostic challenge. DNA methylation is a well-established epigenetic modification already observed in the earliest stages of carcinogenesis, which increases during melanoma progression. The ten-eleven translocation enzymes catalyze the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC), which has recently been reported as an epigenetic hallmark associated with tumor aggressiveness and poor prognosis in a wide variety of cancers. In this study, we analyzed 12 proliferative nodules and 13 melanomas both arising in giant congenital nevi and matched results with a control group including 67 benign and malignant melanocytic lesions. Proliferative nodules displayed high 5-hmC expression levels (90.65%) compared with melanomas with almost complete loss of this marker (7.87%). We showed that low 5-hmC levels in melanomas correlate with downregulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase and ten-eleven translocation families of enzymes implicated in the cytosine methylation cycle. Simultaneously, these enzymes were overexpressed in proliferative nodules leading to strong 5-hmC expression. We emphasize the significance of 5-hmC loss for discrimination of melanomas from benign proliferative nodules arising within giant congenital nevi, and for establishing the correct diagnosis in ambiguous cases when histological and immunohistochemical characteristics are not sufficiently specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olesya Pavlova
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Department of Pathology, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, APHP, Paris Descartes-Sorbonne Paris Cité University, Institute Imagine, Paris, France
| | - Daniel Hohl
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, University Hospital Centre (CHUV) and University of Lausanne (UNIL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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7
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Réguerre Y, Vittaz M, Orbach D, Robert C, Bodemer C, Mateus C, Plantaz D, Plouvier E, Lutz P, Rakotonjanahary J, Fraitag S, Martin L. Cutaneous malignant melanoma in children and adolescents treated in pediatric oncology units. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:1922-7. [PMID: 27348579 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent progress in the understanding of tumor biology and new targeted therapies has led to improved survival in adults with malignant melanoma (MM). MM is rare in children, especially before puberty. We report here our experience with pediatric patients with MM, describe the clinical presentation, treatment and evolution, and compare prepubescent and postpubescent disease. METHODS A retrospective, descriptive, national multicenter study was undertaken of 52 cases of MM in children and adolescents. Demographic, histopathology, treatment evolution data, and survival distributions are described. RESULTS Median age was 15 years (5-18). The tumors were often amelanotic (45%) and raised (83%), and Breslow thickness was greater than 4 mm in 35% of cases. Histological examination showed superficial spreading (n = 16) or spitzoid (n = 16) or nodular (n = 9) pattern. Twelve children (23%) were less than 10 years of age. The spitzoid histotype was more frequent in prepubescent children (seven of 12). Seventeen patients relapsed, of whom four had skin lesions initially diagnosed as benign. Ten patients died after relapse. Five-year event-free survival and overall survival were 62.7% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.3-76) and 75.5% (95% CI: 56.8-87.1), respectively. CONCLUSIONS MM appears to be different in prepubescent children, of whom most had a spitzoid histotype. Diagnosis can be difficult, leading to delay in treatment. New biological tools to identify targets for treatment in MM and to differentiate spitzoid melanomas from Spitz nevi now exist. As effective targeted therapies are now available, we recommend requesting biological examination of all melanocyte-derived skin lesions in children that could be malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Réguerre
- Oncology and Hematology Unit, CHU de Saint Denis de La Réunion, Saint Denis, France. French Pediatric Rare Tumor Group (groupe Fracture).
| | - Marie Vittaz
- Pediatric Departement, CH Le Mans, Le Mans, France
| | - Daniel Orbach
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent, Young Adult Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris, France. French Pediatric Rare Tumor group (groupe Fracture)
| | - Caroline Robert
- Dermatology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Christine Bodemer
- Dermatology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Christina Mateus
- Dermatology Department, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, Villejuif, France
| | - Dominique Plantaz
- Oncology and Hematology Unit, Grenoble University Hospital, Grenoble, France
| | - Emmanuel Plouvier
- Oncology and Hematology Unit, Besançon University Hospital, Besançon, France
| | - Patrick Lutz
- Oncology and Hematology Unit, Strasbourg University Hospital, Strasbourg, France
| | | | - Sylvie Fraitag
- Pathology Department, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Ludovic Martin
- Dermatology Department, Angers University Hospital, Angers, France
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8
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Volejnikova J, Bajciova V, Sulovska L, Geierova M, Buriankova E, Jarosova M, Hajduch M, Sterba J, Mihal V. Bone marrow metastasis of malignant melanoma in childhood arising within a congenital melanocytic nevus. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2016; 160:456-60. [PMID: 27049531 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2016.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant melanoma in childhood is infrequent and can arise within congenital melanocytic nevi. Spread of malignant melanoma to the bone marrow, especially in children, is extremely rare. METHODS AND RESULTS Reported is a case of a 5-year-old boy with a congenital large melanocytic nevus of the head and neck who presented with a short history of low back and leg pain, fever and cervical lymphadenopathy. Despite regular follow-up by a dermatologist and plastic surgeon and repeatedly negative histology of previous partial excisions, diffuse bone marrow infiltration with malignant melanoma was diagnosed. The primary site was identified in the post-excision area. The disease progressed rapidly on ipilimumab immunotherapy and led to death at four months from the diagnosis. CONCLUSION Surveillance is indispensable in children with a predisposition to melanoma and nonspecific symptoms such as bone pain, gait impairment or cytopenia, should always be taken into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Volejnikova
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Viera Bajciova
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University, Brno and University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucie Sulovska
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Geierova
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Pathology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Buriankova
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Jarosova
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Marian Hajduch
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Sterba
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Masaryk University, Brno and University Hospital Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimir Mihal
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc, Czech Republic.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University Olomouc, Czech Republic
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