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Mendes TAD, Pascoal SCD, Estellita MCA, Lemos MVS, Santiago SL, Mendonça JS. Chemical analysis of n-propyl gallate used as pre-treatment for resin-dentin bond strength: In vitro study. Eur J Oral Sci 2024; 132:e12970. [PMID: 38173083 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of n-propyl gallate as pre-treatment for resin-dentin bond strength. The dentin pre-treatments evaluated included propyl gallate of concentrations 0.1% (w/v), 1.0% (w/v), and 10.0% (w/v), as well as glutaraldehyde 5.0% (v/v), and distilled water as a control treatment. Dentin specimens were prepared for Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) (n = 3/pre-treatment). Pre-treatments were actively applied to dentin blocks before performing the adhesive procedure to composite resin. Microtensile bond strength to dentin (μTBS) (n = 8/pre-treatment) was determined after 24 h and 6 months of storage. Data were submitted to a two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey's post hoc test. As for FT-IR, propyl gallate 1%-treated specimens presented higher water, carbonate, collagen, and amide absorbance rates compared to other tested groups, while specimens pre-treated with glutaraldehyde and distilled water presented similar absorbance curves. Regarding μTBS, all concentrations of propyl gallate resulted in statistically significant higher bond strength values than distilled water at 24 h. After 6 months of storage, propyl gallate 0.1% was the only group that maintained μTBS over time. Propyl gallate 0.1% might be a suitable dentinal pre-treatment due to being able to present chemical bonds with demineralized dentin and providing resin-dentin bond stability after 6 months of storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Sérgio Lima Santiago
- Graduate Program in Dentistry, Federal University of Ceará (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil
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Wolowski MTC, Grenier AMS, de Oliveira VA, Anselmi C, Gibin MS, de Castro-Hoshino LV, Sato F, Perez C, Scheffel RH, Hebling J, Baesso ML, Scheffel DLS. Performance of self-etching adhesives on caries-affected primary dentin treated with glutaraldehyde or silver diamine fluoride. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2024; 150:106293. [PMID: 38141362 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES to evaluate the quality and stability of adhesive interfaces established by self-etching adhesives on caries-affected primary dentin (CAD) treated with glutaraldehyde (GA) or silver diamine fluoride (SDF). METHODS 42 primary molars were exposed to a microbiological caries-inducing protocol and divided into 6 groups according to the adhesive system (Clearfil SE - CL or FL Bond II - FL) and pretreatment (water, GA or SDF) applied on CAD. One tooth from each group was analyzed for surface modification using infrared spectroscopy. Crowns were restored with resin composite (n = 36) and cut into beams and slices. The beams were subjected to microtensile testing, Raman spectroscopy and SEM after 24 h and 6 months of storage. The slices were analyzed using Micro-Raman spectroscopy to determine the diffusion zone thickness (DZ) in each period. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey or Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn tests (α = 0.05%). RESULTS SDF reduced the immediate bond strength for both adhesives. The control groups showed a decrease in BS after 6 months in artificial saliva. GA increased immediate DZ for FL, while SDF had the opposite effect on CL. GA decreased the DZ for FL at 6 months. There was a predominance of adhesive failures with areas of cohesive dentin fractures within control groups. SIGNIFICANCE Modifications caused by dentin surface treatments may directly affect the performance of adhesive systems and the quality and stability of adhesive restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victória Alícia de Oliveira
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa - UEM, Avenida Mandacaru, 1550, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Caroline Anselmi
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaita, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Sversut Gibin
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringa - UEM, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | - Francielle Sato
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringa - UEM, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Cristina Perez
- Department of Oral Health Science, Division of Pediatric Dentistry, University of Kentucky - UK, 800 Rose Street, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Régis Henke Scheffel
- Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringa - UEM, Avenida Mandacaru, 1550, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Morphology, Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, Rua Humaita, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mauro Luciano Baesso
- Department of Physics, State University of Maringa - UEM, Avenida Colombo, 5790, Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Chen H, Hou Y, Lin Q, Yu S, Bai T, Cui Z, Zhu S. Application of modified aldehyde compounds in self-etching bonding of dentin. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2023; 146:106087. [PMID: 37669579 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2023.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of 4-formylphenyl acrylate (FA) to enhance the bond strength and stabilize the resin-dentin bonding interface of universal adhesives in self-etching mode over time. METHODS Different concentrations of FA (1%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 9%) were prepared as primer. The optimal group was selected according to degree of conversion of 2 universal adhesives (Single Bond Universal (SBU)/All-Bond Universal (ABU)), and grouped according to the pre-treatment time (30s, 1min, 2min). The micro-tensile strength before and after 10,000 times thermocycling aging was used to evaluate the bonding performance. RESULTS The 1min application of FA (5%) increased the conversion rate of the adhesive. The expressions of microtensile bond strength and nanoleakage in the FA treatment group did not decrease significantly compared with their immediate values even after 10,000 thermocycling of aging. In situ zymography results showed that the hydrolytic activity of endogenous proteins decreased significantly in FA-1min group. CONCLUSIONS Treatment by FA primer can effectively enhance the bond stability at the bonding interface. CLINICAL RELEVANCE FA can be used as a functional monomer in self-etching bonding system to dentin, which not only had high biocompatibility, but also can show good collagen cross-linking ability within clinically acceptable application time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Yanyan Hou
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Qi Lin
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Shiyang Yu
- Sun Yat-Sen University Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Tingting Bai
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China
| | - Zhanchen Cui
- State Key Lab of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
| | - Song Zhu
- Department of Prosthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, PR China.
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Chen H, Sun G, Wang H, Yu S, Tian Z, Zhu S. Effect of collagen cross-linkers on dentin bond strength: A systematic review and network meta-analysis. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1100894. [PMID: 36760752 PMCID: PMC9903368 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1100894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the role of collagen cross-linkers in the bonding performance of the resin-dentin interface through a systematic review and a network meta-analysis. Sources: The literature search was conducted in several databases like PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, Scopus and Web of Science from their inception till 30 April 2022. Study selection: The inclusion criteria consisted of in vitro studies evaluating the micro-tensile and micro-shear bond strengths of different cross-linkers acting on dentin. Bayesian network meta-analysis was conducted using RStudio. Data: Out of the 294 studies evaluated in the full-text analysis, 40 were included in the systematic review and meta-analysis. Most studies have used cross-linkers as primer (65.1%), followed by incorporating them into in adhesives and acid etching agents. The application methods of the adhesive system were classified as "etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesives" (77%) and "self-etching (SE) adhesives". Moreover, there were six types of cross-linkers in this presented review, of which the most numerous were polyphenols. Conclusion: Different application methods of cross-linkers, the long-term results showed that were only effective when used for longer durations, the immediate results were not statistically different. According to immediate and long-term results, etch-and-rinse (ER) adhesives showed a greater bonding performance than the control groups (p ≤ 0.05), whereas self-etching (SE) adhesives showed similar bond strength values (p ≥ 0.05). The result of network meta-analysis (NMA) showed that Dope like compound showed higher long-term bonding performance than other cross-linkers. Clinical significance: Long-term clinical studies may be needed to determine the effect of the cross-linkers on the bonding properties.
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You X, Chen L, Xu J, Li S, Zhang Z, Guo L. Effects of carbodiimide combined with ethanol-wet bonding pretreatment on dentin bonding properties: an in vitro study. PeerJ 2022; 10:e14238. [PMID: 36299505 PMCID: PMC9590415 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study evaluated the combined effects of Carbodiimide (EDC) and ethanol-wet bonding (EWB) pretreatment on the bond strength and resin-dentin surface. Methods Phosphoric acid-etched dentin specimens were randomly divided into five groups based on the following pretreatments: deionized water (control), EWB, 0.3M EDC in water (EDCw), EDC water solution combined EWB (EDCw + EWB), and 0.3M EDC in ethanol (EDCe). A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the morphology of collagen fibrils on the demineralized dentin matrix in each group after pretreatment. The adhesives Prime & Bond NT (PB) (Dentsply De trey, Konstanz, Germany) or Single bond 2 (SB) (3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) was applied after pretreatments, and a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) was used to evaluate the quality of resin tags. The degree of conversion (DC) of the adhesive was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The dentin was first bonded with resin and bathed in water at 37 °C for 24 h. Half of them were subjected to 10, 000 cycles in a thermocycler between 5 °C and 55 °C before a microshear bond strength (µSBS) test. The statistical methods were Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and a Tukey post hoc test at α = 0.05. Results The µSBS was significantly affected by pretreatments (p < 0.001), adhesives (p < 0.001), and aging conditions (p < 0.001) as revealed by the three-way ANOVA. The EDCw, EDCw + EWB, and EDCe groups significantly increased the µSBS; the EDCw + EWB and EDCe groups produced the highest µSBS. In the EDC-containing groups, the SEM showed at the collagen fibrils in the dentin matrix formed a three-dimensional network structure in the tubules after cross-linking into sheets, and the hybrid layer formed thicker resin tags under a CLSM. In the EDC-containing groups, the CLSM observed an increase in the length of resin tags. PB showed a higher DC and bonding strength than SB, and the five pretreatment groups tested did not affect the DC of the two adhesives. Conclusions In etch-and-rinse bonding system, EDC combined with EWB pretreatment can improve the quality of the hybrid layer and enhance the mechanical properties of demineralized dentin matrix. Pretreatment with EDC-ethanol solution may be a new clinically friendly option for enhancing dentin bonding durability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiao You
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Sihui Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Zhenghao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Ling Guo
- Department of Prosthodontics, The Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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Biodegradation of Dental Resin-Based Composite—A Potential Factor Affecting the Bonding Effect: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10092313. [PMID: 36140414 PMCID: PMC9496159 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, although resin composite has played an important role in the restoration of tooth defects, it still has several disadvantages, including being biodegraded by saliva, bacteria and other enzymes in the oral cavity, which may result in repair failure. This factor is not conducive to the long-term survival of the prosthesis in the mouth. In this article, we review the causes, influencing factors and prevention methods of resin biodegradation. Biodegradation is mainly caused by esterase in saliva and bacteria, which breaks the ester bond in resin and causes the release of monomers. The mechanical properties of the prosthesis can then be affected. Meanwhile, cathepsin and MMPs are activated on the bonding surface, which may decompose the dentin collagen. In addition, neutrophils and residual water on the bonding surface can also aggravate biodegradation. Currently, the primary methods to prevent biodegradation involve adding antibacterial agents to resin, inhibiting the activity of MMPs and enhancing the crosslinking of collagen fibers. All of the above indicates that in the preparation and adhesion of resin materials, attention should be paid to the influence of biodegradation to improve the prosthesis’s service life in the complex environment of the oral cavity.
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Hardan L, Daood U, Bourgi R, Cuevas-Suárez CE, Devoto W, Zarow M, Jakubowicz N, Zamarripa-Calderón JE, Radwanski M, Orsini G, Lukomska-Szymanska M. Effect of Collagen Crosslinkers on Dentin Bond Strength of Adhesive Systems: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152417. [PMID: 35954261 PMCID: PMC9368291 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to identify the role of crosslinking agents in the resin–dentin bond strength (BS) when used as modifiers in adhesives or pretreatments to the dentin surface through a systematic review and meta-analysis. This paper was conducted according to the directions of the PRISMA 2020 statement. The research question of this review was: “Would the use of crosslinkers agents improve the BS of resin-based materials to dentin?” The literature search was conducted in the following databases: Embase, PubMed, Scielo, Scopus, and Web of Science. Manuscripts that reported the effect on the BS after the use of crosslinking agents were included. The meta-analyses were performed using Review Manager v5.4.1. The comparisons were performed by comparing the standardized mean difference between the BS values obtained using the crosslinker agent or the control group. The subgroup comparisons were performed based on the adhesive strategy used (total-etch or self-etch). The immediate and long-term data were analyzed separately. A total of 50 articles were included in the qualitative analysis, while 45 articles were considered for the quantitative analysis. The meta-analysis suggested that pretreatment with epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), carbodiimide, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), glutaraldehyde, and riboflavin crosslinking agents improved the long-term BS of resin composites to dentin (p ≤ 0.02). On the other hand, the use of proanthocyanidins as a pretreatment improved both the immediate and long-term BS values (p ≤ 0.02). When incorporated within the adhesive formulation, only glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS to dentin. It could be concluded that the application of different crosslinking agents such as carbodiimide, EDTA, glutaraldehyde, riboflavin, and EGCG improved the long-term BS of adhesive systems to dentin. This effect was observed when these crosslinkers were used as a separate step and when incorporated within the formulation of the adhesive system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Hardan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Umer Daood
- Clinical Dentistry, Restorative Division, Faculty of Dentistry, International Medical University Kuala Lumpur, 126, Jalan Jalil Perkasa 19, Bukit Jalil, Wilayah Persekutuan, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Rim Bourgi
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut 1107 2180, Lebanon
| | - Carlos Enrique Cuevas-Suárez
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (M.L.-S.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.); +48-42-675-74-61 (M.L.-S.)
| | | | - Maciej Zarow
- “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Natalia Jakubowicz
- “NZOZ SPS Dentist” Dental Clinic and Postgraduate Course Centre, pl. Inwalidow 7/5, 30-033 Cracow, Poland
| | - Juan Eliezer Zamarripa-Calderón
- Dental Materials Laboratory, Academic Area of Dentistry, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Circuito Ex Hacienda La Concepción S/N, San Agustín Tlaxiaca 42160, Mexico
| | - Mateusz Radwanski
- Department of Endodontics, Chair of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
| | - Giovana Orsini
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Stomatology, School of Medicine, Polytechnic University of Marche, Via Tronto 10, 60126 Ancona, Italy
| | - Monika Lukomska-Szymanska
- Department of General Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, 251 Pomorska St., 92-213 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (C.E.C.-S.); (M.L.-S.); Tel.: +52-(771)-72000 (C.E.C.-S.); +48-42-675-74-61 (M.L.-S.)
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Rey YCD, Palma-Dibb RG, França R, Paula-Silva FWG, Guedes DFC, Fiuza C, Fernandes ACBCJ, Faraoni JJ, Roselino LMR. Phosphoric acid containing proanthocyanidin enhances bond stability of resin/dentin interface. Braz Dent J 2022; 33:62-70. [PMID: 36043570 DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202203941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Proanthocyanidin (PA) is a promising dentin biomodifier due to its ability to stabilize collagen fibrils against degradation by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs); however, the most effective protocol to incorporate PA into bonding procedures is still unclear. This study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodification with a PA acid etchant on MMP activity, adhesive interface morphology and resin-dentin microtensile bond strength. Sound extracted human molars were flattened to expose dentin and acid-etched for 15 s according to the groups: EXP - experimental phosphoric acid; EXP+PA - experimental phosphoric acid 10% PA; TE - total-etching system; SE - self-etching system. Samples were restored with composite resin and stored in distilled water (37ºC). MMP activity and interface morphology were analyzed after 24 h by in situ zymography (n=6) and scanning electron microscopy (n=3), respectively. The resin-dentin microtensile bond strength (μTBS) was evaluated after 24 h and 6 months storage (n=6). Significantly higher MMP activity was detected in etched dentin compared with untreated dentin (p<0.05), but no difference among acid groups was found. Resin tags and microtags, indicative of proper adhesive system penetration in dentinal tubules and microtubules, were observed along the hybrid layer in all groups. There was no difference in μTBS between 24 h and 6 months for EXP+PA; moreover, it showed higher long-term μTBS compared with TE and EXP (p<0.05). The results suggest that 15 s of biomodification was not sufficient to significantly reduce MMP activity; nonetheless, EXP+PA was still able to improve resin-dentin bond stability compared with total- and self-etching commercial systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi C Del Rey
- Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Regina G Palma-Dibb
- Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo França
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Francisco W G Paula-Silva
- Departmento de Clínica Infantil, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Débora F C Guedes
- Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina Fiuza
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Ana C B C J Fernandes
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Juliana J Faraoni
- Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Lourenço M R Roselino
- Departmento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Citta M, Anovazzi G, Basso FG, Scheffel D, Zhou J, Pashley DH, Souza Costa CA, Hebling J. Mechanical Stability and Proteolytic Activity of Resin-dentin Bonds Using the Cross-linked Dry Bonding Technique. Oper Dent 2021; 46:E251-E263. [PMID: 34919726 DOI: 10.2341/20-016-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the mechanical stability and the proteolytic activity of bonds created by a two-step, etch-and-rinse adhesive applied to cross-linked and air-dried etched dentin. METHODS Flat dentin surfaces were produced in 64 extracted sound human molars. The dentin was etched with 35% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, and then the teeth were divided into groups according to the cross-linking solution applied on the etched dentin. Group 1: 5% grape seed extract (GSE), Group 2: 5% glutaraldehyde, Group 3: Gluma Desensitizer, or Group 4: deionized water (control). Solutions were applied for 60 seconds, followed by rinse and blot drying. Then, the teeth were separated into two subgroups where the etched dentin was kept moist or air-dried. The adhesive was applied followed by a composite resin buildup. After 24 hours, the teeth were cut into beams (0.81 mm2) that were tested for microtensile strength immediately or after 12 months of aging in a 37°C saliva-like buffer. Additional teeth (n=32) were bonded as described and cut into 0.5-mm-thick slabs. The slabs were prepared for nanoleakage (scanning electron microscopy) and in situ zymography (EnzChek Protease Assay Kit). Bond strength data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests (α=0.05). RESULTS Significant reduction in immediate bond strength (ca 65%) and increase in proteolytic activity was seen when the etched dentin was air dried without previous cross-linking biomodification. Conversely, bond strengths did not differ from those produced on wet dentin when collagen was cross-linked before air drying, irrespective of the solution applied. For both moist and air-dried etched dentin, collagen cross-linking resulted in mechanically stable bonds and reduced proteolytic activity after 12 months of storage. CONCLUSION Bonds produced by the application of a two-step, etch-and-rinse adhesive to cross-linked, air-dried, etched dentin were mechanically stable and revealed reduced proteolytic activity after 1 year of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Citta
- Mariana Citta, DDS, MSc, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil
| | - G Anovazzi
- Giovana Anovazzi, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil
| | - F G Basso
- Fernanda Gonçalves Basso, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil
| | - Dls Scheffel
- Débora Lopes Salles Scheffel, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Dentistry, State University of Maringá, School of Dentistry, PR, Brazil
| | - J Zhou
- Jianfeng Zhou, DMD, PhD, Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, PR China
| | - D H Pashley
- David Henry Pashley, DMD, PhD, Department of Oral Biology, The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States
| | - C A Souza Costa
- Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Physiology and Pathology, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil
| | - J Hebling
- *Josimeri Hebling, DDS, MSc, PhD, Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), School of Dentistry, SP, Brazil
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Fernandes ABF, Silva RC, Müller MA, da Cunha LF, Correr GM, Gonzaga CC. Influence of two carbodiimides on the bond strength of universal adhesives to dentin. Odontology 2021; 110:99-105. [PMID: 34279762 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00642-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The pretreatment of dentin with cross-linking agents during bonding procedures has been proposed to improve the mechanical properties of the collagen in the hybrid layer and reduce the biodegradation of the adhesive interface. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of pretreatment with two carbodiimides on the dentin bond strength of universal adhesives, after thermocycling. Three universal adhesives in the self-etching mode were used (Single Bond Universal-SBU, Clearfil Universal-CLU and Ambar Universal-ABU). A self-etching adhesive system (Clearfil SE Bond-CSB) was used as control. Two carbodiimides, 1-ethyl-3-(3'-dimethylaminopropyl)-carbodiimide (EDC) and N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), were applied for 1 min. The excess solution was removed with absorbent paper and the universal adhesives were applied. The specimens were stored for 24 h in distilled water at 37 °C or 10,000 thermal cycles (5-55 °C, 30 s) and then were prepared for microtensile bond strength test (n = 4 teeth, average of 21 sticks per group). Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA and Tukey's (α = 5%). After 24 h, SBU and CSB had statistically similar bond strength values for the control groups (22.07 ± 9.03 and 19.82 ± 7.28 MPa), with EDC (30.21 ± 11.30 and 19.67 ± 5.36 MPa) and DCC (30.12 ± 13.43 and 19.82 ± 7.28 MPa) pretreatments (p > 0.05). The use of EDC (32.57 ± 9.60 MPa) and DCC (24.71 ± 9.87 MPa) showed statistically higher bond strength for CLU than for the control group (14.62 ± 6.16 MPa; p < 0.05). After thermocycling, the SBU, CLU, and CSB groups showed statistically similar bond strengths with the use of EDC (27.08 ± 8.44; 18.74 ± 5.41; and 24.55 ± 10.43 MPa) and without the use of cross linkers (20.06 ± 7.99; 22.55 ± 9.04; and 26.54 ± 10.13 MPa; p > 0.05). Groups tested after 24 h in distilled water presented higher bond strength than those submitted to thermocycling. It can be concluded that the use of cross linkers influenced the immediate bond strength of the universal adhesives, and this was dependent on the combination of the adhesive system and type of carbodiimide. The use of EDC increased the immediate bond strength of CLU. DCC increased the bond strength of ABU at 24 h, but the values were lower than those of the control group after aging for three out of the four adhesives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Franco Fernandes
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Rafael Coutinho Silva
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Matheus André Müller
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | | | - Gisele Maria Correr
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil
| | - Carla Castiglia Gonzaga
- School of Health Sciences, Graduate Program in Dentistry, Universidade Positivo, Rua Prof. Pedro Viriato Parigot de Souza, 5300, Curitiba, PR, 81280-330, Brazil.
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Shen J, Xie H, Wang Q, Wu X, Yang J, Chen C. Evaluation of the interaction of chlorhexidine and MDP and its effects on the durability of dentin bonding. Dent Mater 2020; 36:1624-1634. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2020.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Coelho BS, Tomazinho FSF, Leonardi DP, Scaini F, Gabardo MCL, Lara RMD, Baratto-Filho F. Effects of 1-Ethyl-3-(3-Dimethylaminopropyl) Carbodiimide on Adhesion of Posts in Teeth Obturated With Different Sealers. Braz Dent J 2020; 31:417-422. [DOI: 10.1590/0103-6440202002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) on bond strength of fiberglass posts in root canals obturated with different endodontic sealers. Seventy-eight mandibular premolars were obturated with three sealers (n=26): Endofill (END), AH Plus (AHP), and Endosequence BC Sealer (EBS). After preparation of the post space, two subgroups were formed according to the cementation of the posts (n=13): with EDC (EDC), and without EDC (control - CON). The specimens were submitted to a pull-out test, failure mode classification, and root canal surface evaluation by scanning electron microscopy after post displacement. Regarding the bond strength, a significant difference between the EDC and CON subgroups occurred only in the END (p=0.001). No difference was detected among the CON subgroups (p=0.339). However, among the EDC subgroups, AHP presented significantly higher values (END versus AHP: p=0.001; AHP versus EBS: p=0.016). Upon classification of failure modes, score 1 (≥ 50% of cement) was the most commonly observed, except for the END + EDC. Remains of endodontic sealers and resin cements were found in the cervical third, but without statistical difference (p=0.269), while in the middle third, difference occurred (p=0.004). In conclusion, EDC decreases bond strength when associated with END sealer, without changing the failure mode between the resin cement and fiberglass post. The best performance was observed when EDC was combined with AHP sealer.
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Lopes F, Sousa-Neto M, Akkus A, Silva R, Queiroz AD, Oliveira HD, Roperto R. Effect of different solutions in reversing the damage caused by radiotherapy in dentin structure. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2020; 25:e488-e494. [PMID: 32388525 PMCID: PMC7338064 DOI: 10.4317/medoral.23499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Previous studies have shown that radiotherapy of the head and neck region can cause direct changes in dental structure. This study evaluated the effect of different solutions on the dentin chemical composition and collagen structure of irradiated dentin.
Material and Methods Sixty maxillary canines were distributed in 2 groups (n=30): non-irradiated and irradiated (radiotherapy: X-rays of 6 MV in 30 cycles of 2 Gy to 60 Gy). The teeth were sectioned, sanded, and polished to obtain 3x3x2 mm fragments, which were redistributed in 3 subgroups (n=10) according to the treatment employed: chlorhexidine 2% (CL), chitosan 0.2% (QT), and 0.5 M carbodiimide (EDC). The samples were analyzed in FTIR at time zero (T0-control) and after 1 (T1), 3 (T3), and 5 (T5) minutes of immersion in the tested solutions. The data for the areas of the carbonate (C), amide I (AI) bands, and the ratio between the areas of the amide III/proline and hydroxyproline (AIII/PH) bands were analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test (α=5%).
Results QT showed lower C values at T1, T3, and T5 (P<0.0001), presenting lower values when compared to CL and EDC subgroups (P<0.05). AI values at T3 and T5 were higher than T0-control and T1, independently of the radiotherapy and dentin treatment factors (P<0.05). At T0-control, the AIII/PH ratio was lower in the irradiated group (P<0.05), whereas the EDC treatment at T1, T3, and T5 and QT at T3 and T5 increased these values (P<0.05), making them similar to non-irradiated subgroups (P>0.05).
Conclusions Radiotherapy changes the secondary structure of collagen, and EDC was able to restore collagen integrity after 1 minute of immersion, without changing dentin inorganic composition. Key words:Radiotherapy, collagen, dentin, FTIR, chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Lopes
- Department of Comprehensive Care School of Dental Medicine Case Western Reserve University Cleveland, OH, USA
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Lopes FC, Roperto R, Akkus A, de Queiroz AM, Francisco de Oliveira H, Sousa-Neto MD. Effect of carbodiimide and chlorhexidine on the bond strength longevity of resin cement to root dentine after radiation therapy. Int Endod J 2019; 53:539-552. [PMID: 31715008 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the effect of carbodiimide (EDC) and chlorhexidine (CHX) on the bond strength (BS) of resin cement to root dentine of teeth submitted to radiotherapy. METHODOLOGY One hundred and twenty extracted maxillary canines were selected and assigned to 2 groups (n = 60): nonirradiated and irradiated (30 cycles of 2 Gy, total 60 Gy). Roots lengths were standardized, and canals were prepared and filled. Post spaces were then prepared, and the samples were redistributed according to dentine treatment (n = 20): saline solution (SF); CHX 2%; or EDC 0.5M. After drying the post space, fibreglass posts were cemented. Cross-sectioned slices were obtained, and in half of the specimens of each subgroup (n = 10), the analysis was performed immediately; the others (n = 10) were stored for 10 months before analyses. The most cervical slice of each third was subjected to a push-out test and failure pattern analysis (n = 10), and the most apical slice submitted to the analysis of the adhesive interface by SEM (n = 5). The bond strength data were submitted to anova and Tukey tests, the adhesive interface adaptation was submitted to Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn's tests, and the Chi-square test was used to evaluate the type of failure. RESULTS The irradiated specimens had significantly lower bond strength (13.8 ± 4.3) than the nonirradiated (18.1 ± 3.1; P < 0.001). For the irradiated teeth, the bond strengths were significantly lower in the SF and CHX groups (P < 0.001). Also, the bond strengths reduced significantly after 10 months in the SF and CHX groups (P < 0.001). Cohesive failures occurred in dentine for irradiated specimens. Poorer interface adaptation, dentine fractures and microfractures were observed in irradiated specimens, and better adaptation was observed for specimens after EDC treatment. CONCLUSIONS Radiotherapy was associated with lower bond strength and worse interface adaptation. Dentine treatment with EDC contributed to adhesive interface longevity during the cementation of glass fibre posts in nonirradiated and irradiated teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- F C Lopes
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - R Roperto
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A Akkus
- Department of Comprehensive Care, School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.,Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, School of Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - A M de Queiroz
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - H Francisco de Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - M D Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Cai J, Palamara JEA, Burrow MF. Effects of Collagen Crosslinkers on Dentine: A Literature Review. Calcif Tissue Int 2018; 102:265-279. [PMID: 29058055 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-017-0343-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This aim of this review is to explore the current research related to crosslinking agents used on dentine. A systematic search of publications in PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed. Further retrieval was conducted using the search terms of specific names of crosslinkers. Reviews, conference abstracts, dissertation and theses, non-English articles, studies of intrinsic crosslinking of dentine, studies of adhesives without specific crosslinker components, studies of crosslinker applications in other collagenous tissues or tooth-like structures and irrelevant studies were excluded. Manual screening was conducted on the bibliographies of remaining papers to identify other relevant articles. One hundred and one articles were included in this systematic review and full texts were retrieved. Both synthetic and naturally derived crosslinkers have been found to exhibit significant effects in biomodification of dentine via their multiple interactions with the dentine matrix. A stable matrix network or a durable hybrid layer in dentine bonding could be achieved, where the dentine collagen fibrils show improved biochemical and biomechanical properties and enzymatic biodegradation is reduced. Although no crosslinkers have been tested in clinical trials, extensive research has been conducted in laboratory studies to investigate their potential applicability for inhibition of demineralisation and/or promotion of remineralisation, caries prevention as well as improvement of bonding performance of adhesive systems. Further studies are needed to develop the feasibility for clinical use, reduce side effects as well as explore mechanisms of action and long-term effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Cai
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J E A Palamara
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - M F Burrow
- Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Prince Philip Dental Hospital, 34 Hospital Rd, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
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Singh P, Nagpal R, Singh UP. Effect of dentin biomodifiers on the immediate and long-term bond strengths of a simplified etch and rinse adhesive to dentin. Restor Dent Endod 2017; 42:188-199. [PMID: 28808635 PMCID: PMC5553018 DOI: 10.5395/rde.2017.42.3.188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This in vitro study evaluated the effect of dentin biomodifiers on the immediate and long-term bond strengths of a simplified etch and rinse adhesive to dentin. Materials and Methods Flat coronal dentin surfaces were prepared in 120 extracted human molars. Teeth were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 24) according to 5 different surface pre-treatments: No pre-treatment (control); 1M carbodiimide (EDC); 0.1% epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG); 2% minocycline (MI); 10% sodium ascorbate (SA). After surface pre-treatment, adhesive (Adper Single Bond 2 [SB], 3M ESPE) was applied. Composite was applied into transparent plastic tubes (2.5 mm in diameter), which was placed over the bonded dentin surface. From each group, 10 samples were subjected to shear bond strength (SBS) evaluation at 24 hours (immediate) and remaining 10 samples were tested after 6 months (delayed). Additionally, 4 samples per group were subjected to scanning electron microscopic analysis for observation of resin-dentin interface. The data were statistically analysed with Shaperio‑Wilk W test, 2-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and post hoc Tukey's test. Results At 24 hours, SBS of all surface pre-treatment groups were comparable with the control group, with significant differences found between EDC and SA groups only (p = 0.009). After 6 months storage, EDC, EGCG, and MI pre-treatments preserved the resin-dentin bond strength with no significant fall. Conclusions Dentin pre-treatment with all the dentin biomodifiers except SA resulted in significant preservation of resin-dentin bond over 6 months storage period, without negatively affecting the immediate bond strength of the etch and rinse adhesive tested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Center, Moradabad, UP, India
| | - Rajni Nagpal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Center, Moradabad, UP, India
| | - Udai Pratap Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College and Research Center, Moradabad, UP, India
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Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Mutluay MM, Tjäderhane L, Breschi L, Pashley DH, Tezvergil-Mutluay A. Effect of pH on dentin protease inactivation by carbodiimide. Eur J Oral Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roda Seseogullari-Dirihan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Adhesive Dentistry Research Group; Biomaterials and Medical Device Research Programme; Turku Finland
| | - Mustafa M. Mutluay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Adhesive Dentistry Research Group; Biomaterials and Medical Device Research Programme; Turku Finland
- Turku University Hospital; TYKS; Turku Finland
| | - Leo Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital; Helsinki Finland
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences; and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu); Oulu University Hospital; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
- Department of Cariology; Institute of Dentistry; University of Oulu; Oulu Finland
| | - Lorenzo Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - David H. Pashley
- The Dental College of Georgia; Augusta University; Augusta GA USA
| | - Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Cariology; Institute of Dentistry; University of Turku; Turku Finland
- Adhesive Dentistry Research Group; Biomaterials and Medical Device Research Programme; Turku Finland
- Turku University Hospital; TYKS; Turku Finland
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Mazzoni A, Angeloni V, Sartori N, Duarte S, Maravic T, Tjäderhane L, Pashley D, Tay F, Breschi L. Substantivity of Carbodiimide Inhibition on Dentinal Enzyme Activity over Time. J Dent Res 2017; 96:902-908. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034517708312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide HCl (EDC) has recently been investigated for its effectiveness in the prevention of collagen degradation over time and the improvement of resin-dentin bond durability. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of a 0.3 M EDC-containing conditioner on endogenous enzymatic activities within the hybrid layer (HL) created by a self-etch or an etch-and-rinse adhesive after 1 y. The activity within the HL was examined using in situ zymography and confocal laser scanning microscopy after 24 h or 1-y storage in artificial saliva. Dentin specimens were bonded with Clearfil SE Bond (CSE) or XP Bond (XPB). For CSE, the self-etching primer was applied and treated with 0.3 M EDC for 1 min, and then the bonding agent was applied. For XPB, dentin was etched and treated with 0.3 M EDC for 1 min and then bonded with the primer-bonding agent. Control specimens were prepared without EDC treatment. Slices containing the adhesive-dentin interface were covered with fluorescein-conjugated gelatin and observed with a multiphoton confocal microscope. Fluorescence intensity emitted by hydrolyzed fluorescein-conjugated gelatin was quantified, and the amount of gelatinolytic activity was represented by the percentage of green fluorescence emitted within the HL. After 24 h of storage, enzymatic activity was detected by in situ zymography within the HLs of both tested adhesives, with XPB higher than CSE ( P < 0.05). Almost no fluorescence signal was detected when specimens were pretreated with EDC compared to controls ( P < 0.05). After 1 y of storage, enzymatic activities significantly increased for all groups (excluding XPB control) compared to 24-h storage ( P < 0.05), with EDC pretreated specimens exhibiting significantly lower activity than controls ( P < 0.05). The present study showed, for the first time, that the use of EDC for both the self-etch and the etch-and-rinse approaches results in the reduction but not complete inhibition of matrix-bound collagenolytic enzyme activities over time in the HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mazzoni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - V. Angeloni
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - N. Sartori
- Division of Restorative Sciences, University of Southern California Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S. Duarte
- Division of Restorative Sciences, University of Southern California Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - T. Maravic
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
| | - L. Tjäderhane
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki, and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, and Medical Research Center Oulu (MRC Oulu), Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - D.H. Pashley
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - F.R. Tay
- The Dental College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - L. Breschi
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, DIBINEM, University of Bologna–Alma Mater Studiorum, Bologna, Italy
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Lingling J, Qianbing W. [Progress on matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors]. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2017; 35:208-214. [PMID: 28682555 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Continuing advances in dentin bonding technology and adhesives revolutionized bonding of resin-based composite restorations. However, hybrid layers created by contemporary dentin adhesives present imperfect durability, and degradation of collagen matrix by endogenous enzymes is a significant factor causing destruction of hybrid layers. Bond durability can be improved by using enzyme inhibitors to prevent collagen degradation and to preserve integrity of collagen matrix. This review summarizes progress on matrix metalloproteinase inhibitors (including chlorhexidine, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, quaternary ammonium salt, tetracycline and its derivatives, hydroxamic acid inhibitors, bisphosphonate derivative, and cross-linking agents) and suggests prospects for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Lingling
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Prosthetics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wan Qianbing
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Dept. of Prosthetics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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20
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Lee J, Sabatini C. Glutaraldehyde collagen cross-linking stabilizes resin-dentin interfaces and reduces bond degradation. Eur J Oral Sci 2016; 125:63-71. [DOI: 10.1111/eos.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Lee
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
| | - Camila Sabatini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry; School of Dental Medicine; University at Buffalo; Buffalo NY USA
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Influence of EDC on Dentin-Resin Shear Bond Strength and Demineralized Dentin Thermal Properties. MATERIALS 2016; 9:ma9110920. [PMID: 28774040 PMCID: PMC5457252 DOI: 10.3390/ma9110920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the bonding strength and thermal properties of demineralized dentin with and without EDC treatment. Sound human molars were randomly divided into seven treatment groups (n = 20): control, 80% ethanol, and five EDC ethanol solutions (0.01–1.0 M). In each group, 16 samples were used for bond strength assessment and 4 samples were used for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. A further 70 intact molars were used to obtain a fine demineralized dentin powder, treated with the same solutions and were evaluated the crosslink degree by ninhydrin test and denaturation temperature (Td) by differential scanning calorimetry. EDC-treated specimens (<1.0 M) had a higher bond strength, especially 0.3 and 0.5 M group, than the control counterpart. There was a significant drop in bond strength of 1.0 M EDC group. SEM revealed a homogeneous and regular interface under all treatments. EDC treatment significantly increased the demineralized dentin cross-link degree and Td compared with the control and ethanol treatments. The 0.3 and 0.5 M treatments showed the highest cross-link degree and Td. In terms of mechnical and theramal properties consideration, 0.3 and 0.5 M EDC solutions may be favorable for when applied with etch-and-rinse adhesives, but it is still needed further long-term study.
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Silva Sousa AB, Vidal CMP, Leme-Kraus AA, Pires-de-Souza FCP, Bedran-Russo AK. Experimental primers containing synthetic and natural compounds reduce enzymatic activity at the dentin-adhesive interface under cyclic loading. Dent Mater 2016; 32:1248-1255. [PMID: 27524231 DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of experimental primers (chlorhexidine, enriched mixture of proanthocyanidins, and doxycycline) on the adhesive properties and gelatinolytic activity at dentin-resin interfaces of occlusal Class I restorations. METHODS The inactivation of enzymes by the experimental primers was assessed by fluorescence assay and gelatin zymography. To assess the adhesive properties, occlusal Class I cavities were prepared in sound human molars, etched with phosphoric acid and restored with one of the primers and an etch-and-rinse adhesive system (Adper Single Bond Plus-3M ESPE). After the restorative procedures, specimens were divided into two subgroups (n=6) consisting of storage in incubation buffer or axial cyclic loading at 50N and 1,000,000 cycles. Then, the specimens were sectioned and slices were assigned to in situ zymography assay and microtensile bond strength (TBS) test. RESULTS Fluorescence assay and gelatin zymography revealed that the experimental primers inactivated rMMPs. In situ zymography (2-way ANOVA, Tukey, p<0.05) showed that cyclic loading increased the gelatinolytic activity at the resin-dentin interface and the experimental primers decreased the gelatinolytic activity at the adhesive interface. The experimental primers had no significant effects on dentin-adhesive bond strengths with or without cyclic loading (2-way ANOVA, p>0.05). SIGNIFICANCE The use of experimental primers impaired the enzymatic activity at the dentin-adhesive interface after cyclic loading and the activity of rMMPs. Cyclic loading did not have a significant effect on the bond strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Beatriz Silva Sousa
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA; Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Cristina M P Vidal
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ariene Arcas Leme-Kraus
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Fernanda C P Pires-de-Souza
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Ribeirão Preto Dental School, University of São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana K Bedran-Russo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA.
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Singh P, Nagpal R, Singh UP, Manuja N. Effect of carbodiimide on the structural stability of resin/dentin interface. J Conserv Dent 2016; 19:501-509. [PMID: 27994309 PMCID: PMC5146763 DOI: 10.4103/0972-0707.194020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical longevity of composite resin restorations is a significant problem in adhesive dentistry. Most of the current simplified adhesives present good immediate bonding, but the bond strength gradually falls over a period due to biodegradation at the resin-dentin interface. Various strategies have been proposed to improve the durability of resin-dentin bond including the use of matrix metalloproteinases inhibitors and collagen cross-linkers, biomimetic remineralization, ethanol wet bonding, to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the bonding substrate, i.e., dentin. However, all are under preliminary research and without any conclusive evidence. Therefore, this paper addresses the current challenge in dental adhesion, i.e., poor durability of resin-dentin bond and introduces the concept of dentin biomodification as an alternative way for improving the long-term bonding effectiveness of current adhesives to dentin and also provides an overview of a synthetic collagen cross-linking agent carbodiimide (EDC) including its mechanism of action, literature review of studies evaluating EDC, variables associated with its use and its cytotoxicity. Search was performed across the electronic databases (PubMed, Ebsco host, and Google search engine) to identify manuscripts for inclusion, using the keywords: carbodiimide, dentin bonding, durability, resin-dentin interface, and collagen cross-linking. Thirty-five articles were finally included, and the last search was made in February 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Payal Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rajni Nagpal
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Udai Pratap Singh
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naveen Manuja
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Kothiwal Dental College, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Effect of EDTA Conditioning and Carbodiimide Pretreatment on the Bonding Performance of All-in-One Self-Etch Adhesives. Int J Dent 2015; 2015:141890. [PMID: 26557850 PMCID: PMC4629033 DOI: 10.1155/2015/141890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective. This study evaluated the effect of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) conditioning and carbodiimide (EDC) pretreatment on the shear bond strength of two all-in-one self-etch adhesives to dentin. Methods. Flat coronal dentin surfaces were prepared on one hundred and sixty extracted human molars. Teeth were randomly divided into eight groups according to two different self-etch adhesives used [G-Bond and OptiBond-All-In-One] and four different surface pretreatments: (a) adhesive applied following manufacturer's instructions; (b) dentin conditioning with 24% EDTA gel prior to application of adhesive; (c) EDC pretreatment followed by application of adhesive; (d) application of EDC on EDTA conditioned dentin surface followed by application of adhesive. Composite restorations were placed in all the samples. Ten samples from each group were subjected to immediate and delayed (6-month storage in artificial saliva) shear bond strength evaluation. Data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using three-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey's test at a significance level of p < 0.05. Results and Conclusion. EDTA preconditioning as well as EDC pretreatment alone had no significant effect on the immediate and delayed bond strengths of either of the adhesives. However, EDC pretreatment on EDTA conditioned dentin surface resulted in preservation of resin-dentin bond strength of both adhesives with no significant fall over six months.
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Scheffel DLS, Soares DG, Basso FG, de Souza Costa CA, Pashley D, Hebling J. Transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutaraldehyde on odontoblast-like cells. J Dent 2015; 43:997-1006. [PMID: 25985981 PMCID: PMC4509972 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the transdentinal cytotoxicity of glutahaldehyde-containing solutions/materials on odontoblast-like cells. METHODS Dentin discs were adapted to artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the pulpal side of the discs and the occlusal surface was treated with the following solutions: water, 2% glutaraldehyde (GA), 5% GA, 10% GA, Gluma Comfort Bond+Desensitizer (GCB+De) or Gluma Desensitizer (GDe). Cell viability and morphology were assessed by the Alamar Blue assay and SEM. The eluates were collected and applied on cells seeded in 24-well plates. After 7 or 14 days the total protein (TP) production, alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) and deposition of mineralized nodules (MN) were evaluated. RESULTS Data were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests (p<0.05). GA solutions were not cytotoxic against MDPC-23. GCB+De (85.1%) and GDe (77.2%) reduced cell viability as well as TP production and ALP activity at both periods. After 14 days, GCB+De and GDe groups produced less MN. Affected MDPC-23 presented deformation of the cytoskeleton and reduction of cellular projections. CONCLUSIONS The treatment with 2.5%, 5% and 10% GA was not harmful to odontoblast-like cells. Conversely, when GA was combined with other components like HEMA, the final material became cytotoxic. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Glutaraldehyde has been used to decrease dentin hypersensitivity. This substance is also capable of preventing resin-dentin bond degradation by cross-linking collagen and MMPs. This study showed that GA might be safe when applied on acid etched dentin. However, when combined with HEMA the product becomes cytotoxic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Débora Lopes Salles Scheffel
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Diana Gabriela Soares
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Gonçalves Basso
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Carlos Alberto de Souza Costa
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, 1120 15th Street, CL-2112, Augusta, Georgia 30912-1129, USA
| | - David Pashley
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil
| | - Josimeri Hebling
- Department of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Araraquara School of Dentistry, UNESP-Univ Estadual Paulista, Rua Humaitá, 1680, Araraquara, São Paulo 14801-903, Brazil.
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26
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Sabatini C, Pashley DH. Mechanisms regulating the degradation of dentin matrices by endogenous dentin proteases and their role in dental adhesion. A review. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DENTISTRY 2014; 27:203-214. [PMID: 25831604 PMCID: PMC4412266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This systematic review provides an overview of the different mechanisms proposed to regulate the degradation of dentin matrices by host-derived dentin proteases, particularly as it relates to their role in dental adhesion. Significant developments have taken place over the last few years that have contributed to a better understanding of all the factors affecting the durability of adhesive resin restorations. The complexity of dentin-resin interfaces mandates a thorough understanding of all the mechanical, physical and biochemical aspects that play a role in the formation of hybrid layers. The ionic and hydrophilic nature of current dental adhesives yields permeable, unstable hybrid layers susceptible to water sorption, hydrolytic degradation and resin leaching. The hydrolytic activity of host-derived proteases also contributes to the degradation of the resin-dentin bonds. Preservation of the collagen matrix is critical to the improvement of resin-dentin bond durability. Approaches to regulate collagenolytic activity of dentin proteases have been the subject of extensive research in the last few years. A shift has occurred from the use of proteases inhibitors to the use of collagen cross-linking agents. Data provided by 51 studies published in peer-reviewed journals between January 1999 and December 2013 were compiled in this systematic review. RESULTS Appraisal of the data provided by the studies included in the present review yielded a summary of the mechanisms which have already proven to be clinically successful and those which need further investigation before new clinical protocols can be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Sabatini
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - David H. Pashley
- Department of Oral Biology, College of Dental Medicine, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA, USA
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