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Wang T, Lv L, Feng H, Gu W. Unlocking the Potential: Quercetin and Its Natural Derivatives as Promising Therapeutics for Sepsis. Biomedicines 2024; 12:444. [PMID: 38398046 PMCID: PMC10887054 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a syndrome of organ dysfunction caused by an uncontrolled inflammatory response, which can seriously endanger life. Currently, there is still a shortage of specific therapeutic drugs. Quercetin and its natural derivatives have received a lot of attention recently for their potential in treating sepsis. Here, we provide a comprehensive summary of the recent research progress on quercetin and its derivatives, with a focus on their specific mechanisms of antioxidation and anti-inflammation. To obtain the necessary information, we conducted a search in the PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, and Cochrane library databases using the keywords sepsis, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-infection, quercetin, and its natural derivatives to identify relevant research from 6315 articles published in the last five years. At present, quercetin and its 11 derivatives have been intensively studied. They primarily exert their antioxidation and anti-inflammation effects through the PI3K/AKT/NF-κB, Nrf2/ARE, and MAPK pathways. The feasibility of these compounds in experimental models and clinical application were also discussed. In conclusion, quercetin and its natural derivatives have good application potential in the treatment of sepsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Wang
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (T.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Linxi Lv
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (T.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Hui Feng
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (T.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Wei Gu
- Center of Smart Laboratory and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China; (T.W.); (L.L.)
- College of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
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Rondanelli M, Riva A, Petrangolini G, Gasparri C, Perna S. Two-month period of 500 mg lecithin-based delivery form of quercetin daily dietary supplementation counterbalances chronic fatigue symptoms: A double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115453. [PMID: 37716119 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic fatigue (CF) is a complex phenomenon without clear etiology that may require long-term treatment, but to date, no specific therapy has been identified for it. Some botanicals might be helpful in the management of CF. Among these botanicals, quercetin demonstrates its capacity to modulate multiple biological pathways and acknowledged major properties in CF: antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, immunomodulating, improving exercise endurance, enhancing mitochondrial biogenesis, repairing mitochondrial dysfunction. PURPOSE Given this background, the aim of this study was to evaluate if a 2-month period of daily Quercetin Phytosome™ 500 mg supplementation is of benefit for the relief of CF. METHODS The primary end point has been the evaluation of fatigue, by Fatigue Impact Scale (FIS-40). The secondary end points have been the assessment of sleep, by Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), evaluation of muscle performance, by short physical performance battery and by wearable armband-shaped sensor in order to evaluate the number of steps, body composition, by DXA and quality of life by Short-Form 12-Item Health Survey (SF-12). RESULTS Seventy-eight subjects (42 F; 36 M) (mean age 56 ± 9) reporting CF symptoms, completed the study (placebo/supplement 38/40). The FIS-40 mean difference changes between groups (supplement minus placebo) was - 10.583 points (CI95% -11.985; -9.182) (p < 0.001). Also, statistically significant changes between groups have been recorded in Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - 2.040 points (CI95%: -2.770; -1.309), p < 0.01), number of steps 1443.152 (CI95%: 1199.556; 1686.749), and SPPB (score) 0.248 (CI95%: 0.105; 0.391) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The quercetin supplementation counterbalances CF symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Rondanelli
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Unit of Human and Clinical Nutrition, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | | | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona ''Istituto Santa Margherita'', University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Simone Perna
- Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
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Pinc MM, Dalmagro M, da Cruz Alves Pereira E, Donadel G, Thomaz RT, da Silva C, Macruz PD, Jacomassi E, Gasparotto Junior A, Hoscheid J, Lourenço ELB, Alberton O. Extraction Methods, Chemical Characterization, and In Vitro Biological Activities of Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel Peels. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1173. [PMID: 37631088 PMCID: PMC10459866 DOI: 10.3390/ph16081173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, popularly known as jabuticaba, possesses bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolic acids, known for their antioxidant, antibacterial, wound healing, and cardioprotective effects. Therefore, this study aimed to standardize the P. cauliflora fruit peel extraction method, maximize phenolic constituents, and evaluate their antioxidative and antimicrobial effects. Various extraction methods, including vortex extraction with and without precipitation at 25, 40, and 80 °C, and infusion extraction with and without precipitation, were performed using a completely randomized design. Extraction without precipitation (E - P) showed the highest yield (57.9%). However, the precipitated extraction (E + P) method displayed a yield of 45.9%, higher levels of phenolic derivatives, and enhanced antioxidant capacity. Major compounds, such as D-psicose, D-glucose, and citric acid, were identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analysis identified citric acid, hexose, flavonoids, tannins, and quercetin as the major compounds in the extracts. Furthermore, the extracts exhibited inhibitory effects against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli bacteria. In conclusion, the E + P method efficiently obtained extracts with high content of bioactive compounds showing antioxidant and antimicrobial capacities with potential application as a dietary supplement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Moraes Pinc
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Mariana Dalmagro
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Elton da Cruz Alves Pereira
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Guilherme Donadel
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Renan Tedeski Thomaz
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Camila da Silva
- Department of Technology, State University of Maringá, Umuarama 87506-370, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Paula Derksen Macruz
- Department of Chemical Engineering, State University of Maringá, Maringá 87020-900, Paraná, Brazil;
| | - Ezilda Jacomassi
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
- Laboratory of Cardiovascular Pharmacology (LaFaC), Faculty of Health Sciences, Federal University of Grande Dourados, Dourados 79804-970, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil;
| | - Jaqueline Hoscheid
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Emerson Luiz Botelho Lourenço
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
| | - Odair Alberton
- Laboratory of Preclinical Research of Natural Products, Paranaense University, Umuarama 87502-210, Paraná, Brazil; (M.M.P.); (M.D.); (E.d.C.A.P.); (G.D.); (R.T.T.); (E.J.); (J.H.); (E.L.B.L.)
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The Effect of a Hydroxytyrosol-Rich, Olive-Derived Phytocomplex on Aerobic Exercise and Acute Recovery. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15020421. [PMID: 36678293 PMCID: PMC9864860 DOI: 10.3390/nu15020421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
There is current scientific interest in naturally sourced phenolic compounds and their potential benefits to health, as well as the effective role polyphenols may provide in an exercise setting. This study investigated the chronic effects of supplementation with a biodynamic and organic olive fruit water phytocomplex (OliPhenolia® [OliP]), rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT), on submaximal and exhaustive exercise performance and respiratory markers of recovery. Twenty-nine recreationally active participants (42 ± 2 yrs; 71.1 ± 2.1 kg; 1.76 ± 0.02 m) consumed 2 × 28 mL∙d−1 of OliP or a taste- and appearance-matched placebo (PL) over 16 consecutive days. Participants completed a demanding, aerobic exercise protocol at ~75% maximal oxygen uptake (V˙O2max) for 65 min 24 h before sub- and maximal performance exercise tests prior to and following the 16-day consumption period. OliP reduced the time constant (τ) (p = 0.005) at the onset of exercise, running economy (p = 0.015) at lactate threshold 1 (LT1), as well as the rating of perceived exertion (p = 0.003) at lactate turnpoint (LT2). Additionally, OliP led to modest improvements in acute recovery based upon a shorter time to achieve 50% of the end of exercise V˙O2 value (p = 0.02). Whilst OliP increased time to exhaustion (+4.1 ± 1.8%), this was not significantly different to PL (p > 0.05). Phenolic compounds present in OliP, including HT and related metabolites, may provide benefits for aerobic exercise and acute recovery in recreationally active individuals. Further research is needed to determine whether dose-response or adjunct use of OliP alongside longer-term training programs can further modulate exercise-associated adaptations in recreationally active individuals, or indeed support athletic performance.
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The Impact of a Natural Olive-Derived Phytocomplex (OliPhenolia ®) on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress in Healthy Adults. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14235156. [PMID: 36501186 PMCID: PMC9737690 DOI: 10.3390/nu14235156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of natural polyphenols in reducing oxidative stress and/or supporting antioxidant mechanisms, particularly relating to exercise, is of high interest. The aim of this study was to investigate OliPhenolia® (OliP), a biodynamic and organic olive fruit water phytocomplex, rich in hydroxytyrosol (HT), for the first time within an exercise domain. HT bioavailability from OliP was assessed in fifteen healthy volunteers in a randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled cross-over design (age: 30 ± 2 yrs; body mass: 76.7 ± 3.9 kg; height: 1.77 ± 0.02 m), followed by a separate randomized, double-blinded, cohort trial investigating the short-term impact of OliP consumption (2 × 28 mL∙d−1 of OliP or placebo (PL) for 16-days) on markers of oxidative stress in twenty-nine recreationally active participants (42 ± 2 yrs; 71.1 ± 2.1 kg; 1.76 ± 0.02 m). In response to a single 28 mL OliP bolus, plasma HT peaked at 1 h (38.31 ± 4.76 ng∙mL−1), remaining significantly elevated (p < 0.001) until 4 h. Plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH) and HT were assessed at rest and immediately following exercise (50 min at ~75% V˙O2max then 10 min intermittent efforts) and at 1 and 24 h post-exercise, before and after the 16-day supplementation protocol. Plasma HT under resting conditions was not detected pre-intervention, but increased to 6.3 ± 1.6 ng·mL−1 following OliP only (p < 0.001). OliP demonstrated modest antioxidant effects based on reduced SOD activity post-exercise (p = 0.016) and at 24 h (p ≤ 0.046), and increased GSH immediately post-exercise (p = 0.009) compared with PL. No differences were reported for MDA and CAT activity in response to the exercise protocol between conditions. The phenolic compounds within OliP, including HT, may have specific antioxidant benefits supporting acute exercise recovery. Further research is warranted to explore the impact of OliP following longer-term exercise training, and clinical domains pertinent to reduced oxidative stress.
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Promising Effects of 3-Month Period of Quercetin Phytosome ® Supplementation in the Prevention of Symptomatic COVID-19 Disease in Healthcare Workers: A Pilot Study. Life (Basel) 2022; 12:life12010066. [PMID: 35054459 PMCID: PMC8780248 DOI: 10.3390/life12010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin, for its crucial properties, fulfills the need for a multifactor action that is useful for the potential counterbalance of a COVID-19 infection. Given this background, the aim of the study was to evaluate the potential effect of 3 months’ supplementation with Quercetin Phytosome® (250 mg twice a day) as prevention against symptomatic COVID-19. In total, 120 subjects were enrolled (males, 63; females, 57; age 49 ± 12), with 60 in the supplementation group and 60 in the placebo group. No significant differences were detected between groups in terms of gender, smoking, and chronic disease. Subjects underwent rapid COVID-19 diagnostic tests every 3 weeks. During our study, 5 subjects had COVID-19, 1 out of 60 subjects in the quercetin group and 4 out of 60 in the control group. Complete clinical remission was recorded at 7 and 15 days in the quercetin and placebo groups, respectively. Analysis showed that, at 5 months, the COVID free survival function (risk of infection) was 99.8% in subjects under quercetin supplementation and 96.5% in control group. As shown by the value of EXP(B), those who had taken the supplement had a protection factor of 14% more to not contract the COVID-19 infection than that of those who had taken a placebo. Obtained results are encouraging, but further studies are required to add quercetin as regular prophylaxis.
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Enhanced bone formation in rat critical-size tibia defect by a novel quercetin-containing alpha-calcium sulphate hemihydrate/nano-hydroxyapatite composite. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 146:112570. [PMID: 34959114 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.112570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed an innovative method to include quercetin into alpha-calcium sulphate hemihydrate/nano-hydroxyapatite (α-CSH/n-HA), to prepare a novel quercetin-containing α-CSH/n-HA composite (Q-α-CSH/n-HA). The physicochemical properties, and ability of Q-α-CSH/n-HA to promote cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) in vitro were examined. Further, the potential of Q-α-CSH/n-HA to promote bone defect repair was studied using a Sprague-Dawley rat model of critical tibial defects. Imaging was conducted by radiography and micro-CT, and bone defect repairs were observed by histopathological staining. Addition of quercetin clearly increased the porosity of the degraded composite, which elevated the cell proliferation rate, migration ability, osteogenesis differentiation, and mineralisation of BMSCs. Further, quercetin-containing composite increased the expression levels of OSX, RUNX2, OCN, ALP, BMP-2, OPN, BSP, SMAD2, and TGF-β in BMSCs, while it downregulated TNF-α. X-ray and micro-CT imaging showed that the quercetin-containing composite significantly enhanced bone defect repair and new bone in formation. Haematoxylin and eosin, Goldner, and Safranin O staining also showed that quercetin significantly increased new bone generation and promoted composite degradation and absorption. Moreover, immunofluorescence assay revealed that quercetin significantly increased the number of RUNX2/OSX/OCN-positive cells. Overall, our data demonstrate that Q-α-CSH/n-HA has excellent biocompatibility, bone conductivity, and osteo-induction performance in vitro and mediates enhanced overall repair effects and bone reconstruction in vivo, indicating that it is a promising artificial bone graft to promote bone regeneration.
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Dietary Supplementation for Attenuating Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Humans. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010070. [PMID: 35010943 PMCID: PMC8746365 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary supplements are widely used as a nutritional strategy to improve and maintain performance and achieve faster recovery in sports and exercise. Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) is caused by mechanical stress and subsequent inflammatory responses including reactive oxygen species and cytokine production. Therefore, dietary supplements with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties have the potential to prevent and reduce muscle damage and symptoms characterized by loss of muscle strength and delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS). However, only a few supplements are considered to be effective at present. This review focuses on the effects of dietary supplements derived from phytochemicals and listed in the International Olympic Committee consensus statement on muscle damage evaluated by blood myofiber damage markers, muscle soreness, performance, and inflammatory and oxidative stress markers. In this review, the effects of dietary supplements are also discussed in terms of study design (i.e., parallel and crossover studies), exercise model, and such subject characteristics as physical fitness level. Future perspectives and considerations for the use of dietary supplements to alleviate EIMD and DOMS are also discussed.
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Susilawati Y, Chaerunisa AY, Purwaningsih H. Phytosome drug delivery system for natural cosmeceutical compounds: Whitening agent and skin antioxidant agent. J Adv Pharm Technol Res 2021; 12:327-334. [PMID: 34820305 PMCID: PMC8588919 DOI: 10.4103/japtr.japtr_100_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Plants have been used as traditional medicine since ancient times for treating the diseases, metabolite active compounds from plants have excellent bioactivity, and pharmacological properties from plants are used as skin whitening agent and antioxidant in multiple mechanisms of action. However, these compounds have physicochemical limitations in terms of its poor solubility and penetration into the cells membrane. Phytosome drug delivery system can be the primary choice to improve the physicochemical properties, which allows increasing the effectiveness. This review aimed to summarize and discuss the phytosome formulations of potential active compounds as skin whitening agent and skin antioxidant, which obtained from Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar databases. We assessed that the main purpose of these phytosome formulations was to improve penetration, stability, and solubility of the active compounds. These studies proved that phytosome formulations can improve the physicochemical characteristics and effectiveness of compounds. The phytosome drug delivery system becomes a promising modification technique for natural compounds due to the ability to improve the physicochemical properties and increase the effectiveness. Phytosome formulation could be the excellent approach for cosmeceutical product with good effectivity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmiwar Susilawati
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Anis Yohana Chaerunisa
- Pharmaceutical and Technology Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Hesti Purwaningsih
- Department of Biology Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Padjadjaran University, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia
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La Vignera S, Izzo G, Emerenziani GP, Cannarella R, Condorelli RA, Calogero AE, Aversa A. Male hypogonadism: therapeutic choices and pharmacological management. MINERVA ENDOCRINOL 2021; 45:189-203. [PMID: 33000619 DOI: 10.23736/s0391-1977.20.03195-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Male hypogonadism, defined as an inadequate testosterone production, recognizes a testicular (primary hypogonadism) or a hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction (central hypogonadism), although combined forms can also occur. Moreover, it has been known that intensive exercise training might be a cause of functional hypogonadism. Many therapeutic choices are currently available, depending on the timing of hypogonadism onset and fertility issue. The aim of this review was to comprehensively supply therapeutic options and schemes currently available for male hypogonadism, including pharmacological management of primary and central forms. Evidence on testosterone formulations, human chorionic gonadotropin, selective estrogen receptor modulators and aromatase inhibitors will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro La Vignera
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy -
| | - Giulia Izzo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Gian Pietro Emerenziani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Rossella Cannarella
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rosita A Condorelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Aldo E Calogero
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Antonio Aversa
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy
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Di Pede G, Bresciani L, Calani L, Petrangolini G, Riva A, Allegrini P, Del Rio D, Mena P. The Human Microbial Metabolism of Quercetin in Different Formulations: An In Vitro Evaluation. Foods 2020; 9:E1121. [PMID: 32823976 PMCID: PMC7466208 DOI: 10.3390/foods9081121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the main dietary flavonols, but its beneficial properties in disease prevention may be limited due to its scarce bioavailability. For this purpose, delivery systems have been designed to enhance both stability and bioavailability of bioactive compounds. This study aimed at investigating the human microbial metabolism of quercetin derived from unformulated and phytosome-formulated quercetin through an in vitro model. Both ingredients were firstly characterized for their profile in native (poly)phenols, and then fermented with human fecal microbiota for 24 h. Quantification of microbial metabolites was performed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (uHPLC-MSn) analyses. Native quercetin, the main compound in both products, appeared less prone to microbial degradation in the phytosome-formulated version compared to the unformulated one during fecal incubation. Quercetin of both products was bioaccessible to colonic microbiota, resulting in the production of phenylpropanoic acid, phenylacetic acid and benzoic acid derivatives. The extent of the microbial metabolism of quercetin was higher in the unformulated ingredient, in a time-dependent manner. This study opened new perspectives to investigate the role of delivery systems on influencing the microbial metabolism of flavonols in the colonic environment, a pivotal step in the presumed bioactivity associated to their intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Di Pede
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Luca Calani
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Giovanna Petrangolini
- Research and Development Department, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.)
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.)
| | - Pietro Allegrini
- Research and Development Department, Indena S.p.A., Viale Ortles, 12-20139 Milano, Italy; (G.P.); (A.R.); (P.A.)
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Pedro Mena
- Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.C.); (P.M.)
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Petrangolini G, Ronchi M, Frattini E, De Combarieu E, Allegrini P, Riva A. A New Food-grade Coenzyme Q10 Formulation Improves Bioavailability: Single and Repeated Pharmacokinetic Studies in Healthy Volunteers. Curr Drug Deliv 2020; 16:759-767. [PMID: 31475897 DOI: 10.2174/1567201816666190902123147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coenzyme Q10 is a fundamental endogenous factor involved in cell energy production that shows protective properties in oxidative stress, mainly in skeletal and heart muscle. Coenzyme Q10 supplementation appears to benefit athletes in strenuous training and in the elderly, demonstrating ant-inflammatory properties by reducing inflammatory cytokines. Improved absorption of coenzyme Q10 via a new delivery system would represent an important step forward in the use of coenzyme Q10 as a dietary supplement. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to evaluate the solubility and oral absorption in human healthy volunteers of a new food grade coenzyme Q10 phytosome formulation. METHODS Solubility studies were performed in vitro in simulated gastrointestinal fluids; human studies were conducted in healthy volunteers to evaluate oral absorption in a Single dose study, in comparison with the coenzyme Q10 capsules, and in a repeated study at two increasing doses. RESULTS The highest solubility shown by coenzyme Q10 phytosome in simulated intestinal fluids results in an improvement in oral absorption of coenzyme Q10 in healthy volunteers, three times more than the coenzyme Q10 according to AUC (area under the time/concentration curve) values. When two increasing doses (one and two capsules) were administered to healthy volunteers within a two-week schedule, the plasmatic levels of coenzyme Q10 resulted in 0.864±0.200 μg/ml (Mean±S.D.+41%) and 1.321±0.400 μg/ml (+116%), respectively versus baseline (0.614±0.120 μg/ml one capsule, 0.614±0.160 μg/ml two capsules). This detected dose-related bioavailability of coenzyme Q10 phytosome was even observed with no alterations in vital signs, neither in the physical examination nor in ECG, and no changes of clinical and biochemical parameters were observed. CONCLUSION These findings, taken together, support the safety profile and significantly improved coenzyme Q10 oral absorption in humans with this new phytosome delivery formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Massimo Ronchi
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Pietro Allegrini
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
| | - Antonella Riva
- Research and Development Department, Indena SpA, 20139 Milan, Italy
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Sorrenti V, Fortinguerra S, Caudullo G, Buriani A. Deciphering the Role of Polyphenols in Sports Performance: From Nutritional Genomics to the Gut Microbiota toward Phytonutritional Epigenomics. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12051265. [PMID: 32365576 PMCID: PMC7281972 DOI: 10.3390/nu12051265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The individual response to nutrients and non-nutrient molecules can be largely affected by three important biological layers. The gut microbiome can alter the bioavailability of nutrients and other substances, the genome can influence molecule kinetics and dynamics, while the epigenome can modulate or amplify the properties of the genome. Today the use of omic techniques and bioinformatics, allow the construction of individual multilayer networks and thus the identification of personalized strategies that have recently been considered in all medical fields, including sports medicine. The composition of each athlete’s microbiome influences sports performance both directly by acting on energy metabolism and indirectly through the modulation of nutrient or non-nutrient molecule availability that ultimately affects the individual epigenome and the genome. Among non-nutrient molecules polyphenols can potentiate physical performances through different epigenetic mechanisms. Polyphenols interact with the gut microbiota, undergoing extensive metabolism to produce bioactive molecules, which act on transcription factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, antioxidant systems, glucose and lipid homeostasis, and DNA repair. This review focuses on polyphenols effects in sports performance considering the individual microbiota, epigenomic asset, and the genomic characteristics of athletes to understand how their supplementation could potentially help to modulate muscle inflammation and improve recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzo Sorrenti
- Department of Pharmaceutical & Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Stefano Fortinguerra
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
| | - Giada Caudullo
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Buriani
- Bendessere™ Study Center, Solgar Italia Multinutrient S.p.A., 35131 Padova, Italy; (S.F.); (G.C.); (A.B.)
- Maria Paola Belloni Center for Personalized Medicine, Data Medica Group (Synlab Limited), 35100 Padova, Italy
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14
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Cesarone MR, Belcaro G, Hu S, Dugall M, Hosoi M, Ledda A, Feragalli B, Maione C, Cotellese R. Supplementary prevention and management of asthma with quercetin phytosome: a pilot registry. Minerva Med 2019; 110:524-529. [PMID: 31578841 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4806.19.06319-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In association with standard management, natural pharmaceutical standard (PS) supplements may play an important role in managing and preventing mild-to-moderate symptoms of asthma, a significant health issue that impacts patients and the healthcare system. Quercetin is a natural flavonoid with important biological properties (anti-inflammatory, antihistamine and anti-oxidative actions). METHODS In this pilot registry, we evaluated the effects of quercetin formulated with the Phytosome® delivery system (Quercefit™, QFit)+standard management (SM) in otherwise healthy subjects with mild-moderate asthmatic attacks and rhinitis. Subjects used either QFit 1 or 2 tabs/day in association with SM or SM only (control group). After 30 days of management, we evaluated the presence of the main signs/symptoms of asthma according to the GINA classification system also considering the need of rescue medication, nasal drops, the use of inhalers, the rhinitis score and oxidative stress. RESULTS QFit+SM showed superior results compared with SM alone in controlling, preventing and reducing daily and night symptoms, in maintaining higher peak expiratory flow (PEF) and in decreasing PEF variability. The supplementary use of QFit improved additional measures of asthma management, decreasing the use of inhalers, nasal drops, rescue medications and improving the rhinitis score. QFit produced a significantly more evident reduction in oxidative stress compared with SM; Qfit showed a very good safety profile. CONCLUSIONS This preliminary supplement, concept registry shows a potential protective and preventive effect of quercetin on attacks frequency and in controlling the most common signs/symptoms of asthma in the milder cases of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria R Cesarone
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Gianni Belcaro
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy -
| | - Shu Hu
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Morio Hosoi
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Andrea Ledda
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Beatrice Feragalli
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudia Maione
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Cotellese
- IRVINE3 Labs, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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15
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Nocella C, Cammisotto V, Pigozzi F, Borrione P, Fossati C, D'Amico A, Cangemi R, Peruzzi M, Gobbi G, Ettorre E, Frati G, Cavarretta E, Carnevale R. Impairment between Oxidant and Antioxidant Systems: Short- and Long-term Implications for Athletes' Health. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1353. [PMID: 31208096 PMCID: PMC6627820 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2019] [Revised: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of oxidative stress, an imbalance between reactive oxygen species production (ROS) and antioxidants, has been described in several patho-physiological conditions, including cardiovascular, neurological diseases and cancer, thus impacting on individuals' lifelong health. Diet, environmental pollution, and physical activity can play a significant role in the oxidative balance of an organism. Even if physical training has proved to be able to counteract the negative effects caused by free radicals and to provide many health benefits, it is also known that intensive physical activity induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and free radical-mediated muscle damage. Indeed, variations in type, intensity, and duration of exercise training can activate different patterns of oxidant-antioxidant balance leading to different responses in terms of molecular and cellular damage. The aim of the present review is to discuss (1) the role of oxidative status in athletes in relation to exercise training practice, (2) the implications for muscle damage, (3) the long-term effect for neurodegenerative disease manifestations, (4) the role of antioxidant supplementations in preventing oxidative damages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nocella
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Vittoria Cammisotto
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Speciality Paride Stefanini, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Fabio Pigozzi
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Paolo Borrione
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Fossati
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Alessandra D'Amico
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", 00135 Rome, Italy.
| | - Roberto Cangemi
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Mariangela Peruzzi
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Gobbi
- Department of Biomedical, Biotechnological and Translational Sciences (S.Bi.Bi.T.), Anatomy and Histology Unit, University of Parma, Ospedale Maggiore, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Evaristo Ettorre
- Department of Internal Medicine and Medical Specialities, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Frati
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- IRCCS Neuromed, 86077 Pozzilli IS, Italy.
| | - Elena Cavarretta
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Roberto Carnevale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University of Rome, 04100 Latina, Italy.
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy.
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16
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Riva A, Corti A, Belcaro G, Cesarone MR, Dugall M, Vinciguerra G, Feragalli B, Zuccarini M, Eggenhoffner R, Giacomelli L. Interaction study between antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, diabetic therapy and a novel delivery form of quercetin. Minerva Cardioangiol 2018; 67:79-83. [PMID: 30226032 DOI: 10.23736/s0026-4725.18.04795-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this pilot non-interference clinical study we evaluated possible interactions between Quercetin Phytosome® (Quercefit™), an innovative delivery form of quercetin, and antiplatelet agents, anticoagulants, and anti-diabetic therapy in otherwise healthy subjects. METHODS Interaction with antiplatelet therapy was assessed through the bleeding time (BT) test in 30 patients treated with acetylsalicylic acid, ticlopidine or clopidogrel before and after 10 days of supplementation with Quercetin Phytosome®. Interaction with anticoagulants was evaluated by measuring the International Normalized Ratio (INR) in 20 patients using warfarin or dabigatran before and after 20 days of supplementation with Quercetin Phytosome®. Lastly, glycaemia and glycated hemoglobin were measured in 12 diabetic patients treated with metformin and restricted diet before and after 20 days of supplementation with Quercetin Phytosome®. RESULTS After 10 days of supplementation no significant difference was observed in mean BT in patients treated with acetylsalicylic acid, ticlopidine or clopidogrel at standard dosages. Similarly, after 20 days of supplementation, the INR level among patients assuming warfarin or dabigatran was not statistically different from baseline. Lastly, no statistically significant difference in mean levels of glycaemia and glycated hemoglobin was reported before and after 20 days of complementary administration of Quercetin Phytosome® in diabetic patients treated with metformin and restricted diet. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin Phytosome® does not alter the antiplatelet activity of the most common antiplatelet agents, has no impact on the INR values in stable patients treated with warfarin or dabigatran, and does not influence the metabolic control of diabetic patient treated with metformin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gianni Belcaro
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria R Cesarone
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mark Dugall
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Beatrice Feragalli
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Mariachiara Zuccarini
- IRVINE3 Vascular Lab, Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Chieti-Pescara University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Roberto Eggenhoffner
- Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
| | - Luca Giacomelli
- Polistudium SRL, Milan, Italy - .,Department of Surgical Sciences and Integrated Diagnostics, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
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