|
1
|
Di Lisi D, Macaione F, Damiani F, Ganci L, Mirabella M, Madaudo C, Galassi AR, Novo G. What happened to the left ventricular non-compaction cardiomyopathy? to be or not to be: This is the question. Curr Probl Cardiol 2024; 49:102787. [PMID: 39137881 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpcardiol.2024.102787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2024] [Accepted: 08/07/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
For several years, left ventricular non-compaction (LVNC) was considered as a true cardiomyopathy and several definitions have followed one another. Particularly, LVNC was characterized by prominent left ventricular trabeculae separated from deep intertrabecular recesses. Several echocardiographic criteria and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) criteria have been used to diagnose LVNC, leading to overestimate the diagnosis of LVNC in patients with other diseases and/or physiological conditions. Left ventricular hypertrabeculation (LVH) can be present in several cardiac diseases and physiological conditions: heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, thalassemia and other hematological diseases, pregnancy, athlete's heart. Thus, the presence of LVH does not necessarily indicate the presence of an LVNC. In addition, the great heterogeneity of clinical manifestations has raised concerns regarding the existence of a true LVNC as a cardiomyopathy. In fact, LVNC ranges from genetic to acquired and even transient conditions, isolated forms or forms associated with other cardiomyopathies, congenital heart diseases or syndromes with a very different prognosis. Thus, considering LVH as a manifestation of various diseases and physiological conditions, the recent 2023 ESC guidelines on cardiomyopathies did not include LVNC among cardiomyopathies, but they suggested using the term "LVH" rather than LVNC, to describe this phenotype especially when it is transient or of adult-onset. In this review, we aimed to make an excursion on LVNC, from its initial description to the present day, to understand why current guidelines decided to consider LVH as a phenotypic trait rather than a distinct cardiomyopathy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Di Lisi
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy.
| | - Francesca Macaione
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Francesco Damiani
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Luca Ganci
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Mirabella
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Cristina Madaudo
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Alfredo Ruggero Galassi
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Novo
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Paolo Giaccone, Palermo, Italy; Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE) "G. D'Alessandro", University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Forleo C, Carella MC, Basile P, Mandunzio D, Greco G, Napoli G, Carulli E, Dicorato MM, Dentamaro I, Santobuono VE, Memeo R, Latorre MD, Baggiano A, Mushtaq S, Ciccone MM, Pontone G, Guaricci AI. The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Cardiomyopathies in the Light of New Guidelines: A Focus on Tissue Mapping. J Clin Med 2024; 13:2621. [PMID: 38731153 PMCID: PMC11084160 DOI: 10.3390/jcm13092621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Cardiomyopathies (CMPs) are a group of myocardial disorders that are characterized by structural and functional abnormalities of the heart muscle. These abnormalities occur in the absence of coronary artery disease (CAD), hypertension, valvular disease, and congenital heart disease. CMPs are an increasingly important topic in the field of cardiovascular diseases due to the complexity of their diagnosis and management. In 2023, the ESC guidelines on cardiomyopathies were first published, marking significant progress in the field. The growth of techniques such as cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) and genetics has been fueled by the development of multimodal imaging approaches. For the diagnosis of CMPs, a multimodal imaging approach, including CMR, is recommended. CMR has become the standard for non-invasive analysis of cardiac morphology and myocardial function. This document provides an overview of the role of CMR in CMPs, with a focus on tissue mapping. CMR enables the characterization of myocardial tissues and the assessment of cardiac functions. CMR sequences and techniques, such as late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) and parametric mapping, provide detailed information on tissue composition, fibrosis, edema, and myocardial perfusion. These techniques offer valuable insights for early diagnosis, prognostic evaluation, and therapeutic guidance of CMPs. The use of quantitative CMR markers enables personalized treatment plans, improving overall patient outcomes. This review aims to serve as a guide for the use of these new tools in clinical practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cinzia Forleo
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Maria Cristina Carella
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Paolo Basile
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Donato Mandunzio
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Giulia Greco
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Gianluigi Napoli
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Eugenio Carulli
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Marco Maria Dicorato
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Ilaria Dentamaro
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Vincenzo Ezio Santobuono
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Riccardo Memeo
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Michele Davide Latorre
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Andrea Baggiano
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Saima Mushtaq
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.); (G.P.)
| | - Marco Matteo Ciccone
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Perioperative Cardiology and Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, 20138 Milan, Italy; (A.B.); (S.M.); (G.P.)
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, University of Milan, 20138 Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- University Cardiologic Unit, Interdisciplinary Department of Medicine, Polyclinic University Hospital, 70124 Bari, Italy; (C.F.); (M.C.C.); (P.B.); (D.M.); (G.G.); (G.N.); (E.C.); (M.M.D.); (I.D.); (V.E.S.); (R.M.); (M.D.L.); (M.M.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Moura B, Aimo A, Al-Mohammad A, Keramida K, Ben Gal T, Dorbala S, Todiere G, Cameli M, Barison A, Bayes-Genis A, von Bardeleben RS, Bucciarelli-Ducci C, Delgado V, Mordi IR, Seferovic P, Savarese G, Čelutkienė J, Rapezzi C, Emdin M, Coats A, Metra M, Rosano G. Diagnosis and management of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy: Role of multimodality cardiac imaging. A scientific statement of the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Heart Fail 2023; 25:1493-1506. [PMID: 37581253 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.2997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy consists in an increased LV wall thickness. LV hypertrophy can be either secondary, in response to pressure or volume overload, or primary, i.e. not explained solely by abnormal loading conditions. Primary LV hypertrophy may be due to gene mutations or to the deposition or storage of abnormal substances in the extracellular spaces or within the cardiomyocytes (more appropriately defined as pseudohypertrophy). LV hypertrophy is often a precursor to subsequent development of heart failure. Cardiovascular imaging plays a key role in the assessment of LV hypertrophy. Echocardiography, the first-line imaging technique, allows a comprehensive assessment of LV systolic and diastolic function. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance provides added value as it measures accurately LV and right ventricular volumes and mass and characterizes myocardial tissue properties, which may provide important clues to the final diagnosis. Additionally, scintigraphy with bone tracers is included in the diagnostic algorithm of cardiac amyloidosis. Once the diagnosis is established, imaging findings may help predict future disease evolution and inform therapy and follow-up. This consensus document by the Heart Failure Association of the European Society of Cardiology provides an overview of the role of different cardiac imaging techniques for the differential diagnosis and management of patients with LV hypertrophy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Moura
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Porto Armed Forces Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | - Alberto Aimo
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Abdallah Al-Mohammad
- South Yorkshire Cardiothoracic Centre (Northern General Hospital), Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kalliopi Keramida
- Cardiology Department, General Anti-Cancer, Oncological Hospital Agios Savvas, Athens, Greece
| | - Tuvia Ben Gal
- Rabin Medical Center, Petach Tikva, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Sharmila Dorbala
- Department of Radiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giancarlo Todiere
- Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
- Fondazione Toscana Gabriele Monasterio, Pisa, Italy
| | - Matteo Cameli
- Cardiology Division, University Hospital of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | | | - Antoni Bayes-Genis
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Carlos III Institute of Health, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Victoria Delgado
- Institut del Cor, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ify R Mordi
- Division of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, School of Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Petar Seferovic
- Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Belgrade, Serbia
- University of Belgrade Faculty of Medicine, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gianluigi Savarese
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Cardiology, Heart and Vascular and Neuro Theme, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jelena Čelutkienė
- Vilnius University, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
- State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Claudio Rapezzi
- Cardiology Centre, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
- Maria Cecilia Hospital, GVM Care & Research, Cotignola, Italy
| | - Michele Emdin
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Cardiology Department, Porto Armed Forces Hospital, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, ASST Spedali Civili and Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Sinigiani G, De Michieli L, De Conti G, Ricci F, De Lazzari M, Migliore F, Perazzolo Marra M, Zorzi A, Corrado D, Cipriani A. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance-Detected Acute Myocardial Edema as Predictor of Favourable Prognosis: A Comprehensive Review. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 10:319. [PMID: 37623332 PMCID: PMC10455433 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd10080319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute myocardial edema (AME) is increased water content in the myocardium and represents the first and transient pathophysiological response to an acute myocardial injury. In-vivo and non-invasive evaluation is feasible with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR), which is a powerful imaging technique capable of tissue characterization. In the clinical setting, early demonstration of AME has a recognized diagnostic value for acute coronary syndromes and acute myocarditis, although its prognostic value is not well established. This article provides a comprehensive narrative review on the clinical meaning of AME in heart diseases. In particular, the available evidence of a possible favourable prognostic value in several clinical scenarios is addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giulio Sinigiani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Laura De Michieli
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgio De Conti
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine, Institute of Radiology, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Ricci
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, G. D’Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Manuel De Lazzari
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Federico Migliore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Martina Perazzolo Marra
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zorzi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, 35128 Padua, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Meloni A, Gargani L, Bruni C, Cavallaro C, Gobbo M, D'Agostino A, D'Angelo G, Martini N, Grigioni F, Sinagra G, De Caterina R, Quaia E, Mavrogeni S, Cademartiri F, Matucci-Cerinic M, Pepe A. Additional value of T1 and T2 mapping techniques for early detection of myocardial involvement in scleroderma. Int J Cardiol 2023; 376:139-146. [PMID: 36731634 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2023.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We evaluated the prevalence of myocardial involvement by native T1 and T2 mapping, the diagnostic performance of mapping in addition to conventional Lake Louise Criteria (LLC), as well as correlations between mapping findings and clinical or conventional cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) parameters in systemic sclerosis (SSc) patients. METHODS Fifty-five SSc patients (52.31 ± 13.24 years, 81.8% female) and 55 age- and sex-matched healthy subjects underwent clinical, bio-humoral assessment, and CMR. The imaging protocol included: T2-weighted, early post-contrast cine sequences, native T1 and T2 mapping by a segmental approach, and late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) technique. RESULTS Global myocardial T1 and T2 values were significantly higher in SSc patients than in healthy subjects. An increase in native T1 and/or T2 was present in the 62.1% of patients with normal conventional CMR techniques (negative LGE and T2-weighted images). Respectively, 13.5% and 59.6% of patients fulfilled original and updated LLC (overall agreement = 53.9%). Compared with patients with normal native T1, patients with increased T1 (40.0%) featured significantly higher left ventricular end-diastolic volume index and cardiac index, biventricular stroke volume indexes, and global heart T2 values, and more frequently had a history of digital ulcers. Biochemical and functional CMR parameters were comparable between patients with normal and increased T2 (61.8%). CONCLUSION T1 and T2 mapping are sensitive parameters that should be included in the routine clinical assessment of SSc patients for detecting early/subclinical myocardial involvement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Meloni
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Luna Gargani
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Cosimo Bruni
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Department of Rheumatology, University Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Camilla Cavallaro
- Cardiovascular Department, University Campus Bio-Medico, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Gobbo
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria di Trieste, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Andreina D'Agostino
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Gennaro D'Angelo
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nicola Martini
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria di Trieste, Department of Medical Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Raffaele De Caterina
- Department of Surgical, Medical and Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Emilio Quaia
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Sophie Mavrogeni
- Department of Cardiology, Onassis Cardiac Surgery Center, Athens, Greece
| | - Filippo Cademartiri
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione G. Monasterio CNR-Regione Toscana, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Matucci-Cerinic
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Division of Rheumatology, University of Florence, Florence, Italy; Unit of Immunology, Rheumatology, Allergy and Rare diseases (UnIRAR), IRCCS San Raffaele Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Pepe
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Padua, Padua, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
|
6
|
Merlo M, Gagno G, Baritussio A, Bauce B, Biagini E, Canepa M, Cipriani A, Castelletti S, Dellegrottaglie S, Guaricci AI, Imazio M, Limongelli G, Musumeci MB, Parisi V, Pica S, Pontone G, Todiere G, Torlasco C, Basso C, Sinagra G, Filardi PP, Indolfi C, Autore C, Barison A. Clinical application of CMR in cardiomyopathies: evolving concepts and techniques : A position paper of myocardial and pericardial diseases and cardiac magnetic resonance working groups of Italian society of cardiology. Heart Fail Rev 2023; 28:77-95. [PMID: 35536402 PMCID: PMC9902331 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-022-10235-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has become an essential tool for the evaluation of patients affected or at risk of developing cardiomyopathies (CMPs). In fact, CMR not only provides precise data on cardiac volumes, wall thickness, mass and systolic function but it also a non-invasive characterization of myocardial tissue, thus helping the early diagnosis and the precise phenotyping of the different CMPs, which is essential for early and individualized treatment of patients. Furthermore, several CMR characteristics, such as the presence of extensive LGE or abnormal mapping values, are emerging as prognostic markers, therefore helping to define patients' risk. Lastly new experimental CMR techniques are under investigation and might contribute to widen our knowledge in the field of CMPs. In this perspective, CMR appears an essential tool to be systematically applied in the diagnostic and prognostic work-up of CMPs in clinical practice. This review provides a deep overview of clinical applicability of standard and emerging CMR techniques in the management of CMPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Merlo
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giulia Gagno
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Anna Baritussio
- Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Bauce
- Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Biagini
- Cardiology Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Marco Canepa
- Cardiologia, IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
- Dipartimento di Medicina Interna e Specialità Mediche, Università degli Studi di Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Castelletti
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Santo Dellegrottaglie
- Division of Cardiology, Ospedale Accreditato Villa dei Fiori, 80011 Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- University Cardiology Unit, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Massimo Imazio
- Cardiothoracic Department, University Hospital “Santa Maria Della Misericordia”, Udine, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Limongelli
- Inherited and Rare Cardiovascular Disease Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, AORN Dei Colli, Monaldi Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Maria Beatrice Musumeci
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanda Parisi
- Cardiology Unit, St. Orsola Hospital, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Bologna, 40138 Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Pica
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Dipartimento di Cardiologia Perioperatoria e Imaging Cardiovascolare, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Camilla Torlasco
- Department of Cardiology, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiology, Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Sinagra
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina (ASUGI), University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Pasquale Perrone Filardi
- Dipartimento Scienze Biomediche Avanzate, Università degli Studi Federico II, Mediterranea CardioCentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Mediche e Chirurgiche, Cattedra di Cardiologia, Università Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Napoli, Italy
| | - Camillo Autore
- Cardiology, Clinical and Molecular Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, 00189 Rome, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
7
|
Todiere G, Barison A, Baritussio A, Cipriani A, Guaricci AI, Pica S, Indolfi C, Pontone G, Dellegrottaglie S. Acute clinical presentation of nonischemic cardiomyopathies: early detection by cardiovascular magnetic resonance. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2022; 24:e36-e46. [PMID: 36729634 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nonischemic cardiomyopathies include a wide range of dilated, hypertrophic and arrhythmogenic heart muscle disorders, not explained by coronary artery disease, hypertension, valvular or congenital heart disease. Advances in medical treatments and the availability of implantable cardioverter defibrillators to prevent sudden cardiac death have allowed a substantial increase in the survival of affected individuals, thus making early diagnosis and tailored treatment mandatory. The characterization of cardiomyopathies has received a great boost from the recent advances in cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging, which, to date, represents the gold standard for noninvasive assessment of cardiac morphology, function and myocardial tissue changes. An acute clinical presentation has been reported in a nonnegligible proportion of patients with nonischemic cardiomyopathies, usually complaining of acute chest pain, worsening dyspnoea or palpitations; 'hot phases' of cardiomyopathies are characterized by a dynamic rise in high-sensitivity troponin, myocardial oedema on CMR, arrhythmic instability, and by an increased long-term risk of adverse remodelling, progression of myocardial fibrosis, heart failure and malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Prompt recognition of 'hot phases' of nonischemic cardiomyopathies is of utmost importance to start an early, individualized treatment in these high-risk patients. On the one hand, CMR represents the gold standard imaging technique to detect early and typical signs of ongoing myocardial remodelling in patients presenting with a 'hot phase' nonischemic cardiomyopathy, including myocardial oedema, perfusion abnormalities and pathological mapping values. On the other hand, CMR allows the differential diagnosis of other acute heart conditions, such as acute coronary syndromes, takotsubo syndrome, myocarditis, pericarditis and sarcoidosis. This review provides a deep overview of standard and novel CMR techniques to detect 'hot phases' of cardiomyopathies, as well as their clinical and prognostic utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Anna Baritussio
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- University Cardiology Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinic University Hospital, Bari
| | - Silvia Pica
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro
| | | | - Santo Dellegrottaglie
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Clinica Villa dei Fiori, Acerra, Naples, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
8
|
Ji M, He L, Gao L, Lin Y, Xie M, Li Y. Assessment of Left Atrial Structure and Function by Echocardiography in Atrial Fibrillation. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:1898. [PMID: 36010248 PMCID: PMC9406407 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia with significant morbidity and mortality. Exacerbated by the aging population, the prevalence of AF is gradually increasing. Accurate evaluation of structure and function of left atrium (LA) has important prognostic significance in patients with AF. Echocardiography is the imaging technique of first choice to assess LA structure and function due to its better availability, accessibility and safety over cardiac computed tomography and cardiac magnetic resonance. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the recent research progress of evaluating LA size by three-dimensional echocardiography and LA function by speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in predicting the occurrence and recurrence of AF and determining the risk of stroke in AF. In addition, we summarized the role of traditional echocardiography in detecting AF patients that are at high risk of heart failure or cardiovascular death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Ji
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lin He
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Lang Gao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yixia Lin
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Mingxing Xie
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Tongji Medical College and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
| | - Yuman Li
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430022, China
- Clinical Research Center for Medical Imaging in Hubei Province, Wuhan 430022, China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan 430022, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
9
|
Muscogiuri G, Fusini L, Ricci F, Sicuso R, Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, Gasperetti A, Casella M, Mushtaq S, Conte E, Annoni A, Formenti A, Mancini ME, Babbaro M, Mollace R, Collevecchio A, Scafuri S, Kukavica D, Andreini D, Basso C, Rizzo S, De Gaspari M, Priori S, Dello Russo A, Tondo C, Pepi M, Sommariva E, Rabbat M, Guaricci AI, Pontone G. Additional diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance feature tracking in patients with biopsy-proven arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Int J Cardiol 2021; 339:203-210. [PMID: 34242689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.06.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aim to evaluate the value of Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) feature tracking (CMR-FT) in addition to Task Force Criteria(TFC) in patients with (arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy) AC biopsy-proved. METHODS Thirty-five patients with AC histologically proven who performed CMR with late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) acquisition were enrolled. The study population was divided in Group1 (negative CMR TFC and LV ejection fraction≥55%) and Group2 (positive CMR TFC and/or LVEF<55%) and compared to an age and gender-matched control group. CMR datasets of all patients were analyzed to calculate LV indexed end-diastolic (LVEDi) and end-systolic (LVESi) volumes and RV indexed end-diastolic (RVEDi) and end-systolic (RVESi) volumes, both LV ejection fraction (LVEF) and RV ejection fraction (RVEF). Moreover, LV and RV global longitudinal (GLS), circumferential (GCS) and radial (GRS) strain were measured. RESULTS The AC patients showed both higher LVEDi (p:0.002) and RVEDi (p:0.017) and lower LVEF (p: 0.016) as compared to control patients. Moreover, AC patients showed impaired LV-GLS (p < 0.001), LV-GRS (p < 0.001), LV-GCS (p < 0.001) and RV-GRS (p:0.026) as compared to control subjects. Group1 patients showed a significant reduction of LV-GRS (p < 0.05) and LV-GCS p < 0.01) as compared to control subjects. At univariate analysis LV-GCS was the most discriminatory parameter between Group1 vs heathy subjects with an optimal cut-off of -15.8 (Sensitivity: 74%; Specificity: 10%). CONCLUSIONS In patients with AC biopsy-proven, CMR-FT could improve the diagnostic yield in the subset of patients who results negative for imaging TFC criteria resulting as useful gatekeeper for indication of myocardial biopsy in case of equivocal clinical and imaging presentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Fusini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Ricci
- Istituto di radiologia, Fondazione policlinico universitario Agostino gemelli IRCSS Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Rita Sicuso
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Michela Casella
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Department of Clinical, Special and Dental Sciences, University Hospital "Umberto I - Lancisi - Salesi", Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mario Babbaro
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Italy
| | - Rocco Mollace
- Division of Cardiology, University Hospital Policlinico Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
| | - Ada Collevecchio
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefano Scafuri
- Interventional Cardiology Unit, Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Deni Kukavica
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Andreini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristina Basso
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Stefania Rizzo
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Monica De Gaspari
- Cardiovascular Pathology, Azienda Ospedaliera, Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Silvia Priori
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; IRCCS Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Public Health, University Hospital "Umberto I - Lancisi - Salesi", Marche Polytechnic University, Ancona, Italy
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Heart Rhythm Center, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Mark Rabbat
- Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States of America; Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, United States of America
| | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital "Policlinico Consorziale" of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
10
|
Image Quality and Reliability of a Novel Dark-Blood Late Gadolinium Enhancement Sequence in Ischemic Cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Imaging 2021; 35:326-333. [PMID: 32845112 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the reliability of a 2D dark-blood phase-sensitive late gadolinium enhancement sequence (2D-DBPSLGE) compared with 2D phase-sensitive inversion recovery late gadolinium enhancement sequence (2D-BBPSLGE) in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy (ICM). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 73 patients with a clinical history of ICM were prospectively enrolled. The following endpoints were evaluated: (a) comparison of image quality between 2D-BBPSLGE and 2D-DBPSLGE for differentiation between blood pool-late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), remote myocardium-LGE, and blood pool-remote myocardium; (b) diagnostic accuracy of 2D-DBPSLGE compared with gold standard 2D-BBPSLGE for the evaluation of infarcted segments; (c) diagnostic accuracy of 2D-DBPSLGE for the evaluation of microvascular obstruction (MVO); (d) comparison of transmurality index between 2D-BBPSLGE and 2D-DBPSLGE; (e) comparison of papillary muscle hyperenhancement between 2D-BBPSLGE and 2D-DBPSLGE; inter-reader agreement for depiction of hyperenhanced segments in both LGE sequences. Data were analyzed using paired t test, Wilcoxon test, and McNemar test, and η coefficient and intercorrelation coefficient (ICC). RESULTS Image quality was superior for 2D-DBPSLGE for differentiation of blood pool-LGE (P<0.001). 2D-DBPSLGE, compared with 2D-BBPSLGE, showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 96.93%, 99.89%, 99.71%, 98.78, and 99.04%, respectively. Concerning MVO detection, 2D-DBPSLGE showed a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and diagnostic accuracy of 66.67%, 100.00%, 100.00%, 80.95%, and 86.21%, respectively. 2D-DBPSLGE underestimated the transmurality (P=0.007) and identified papillary muscle hyperenhancement (P<0.001). Both LGE sequences showed comparable interobserver agreement for the evaluation of infarcted areas (2D-BBPSLGE: ICC 0.99;2D-DBPSLGE: ICC 0.99). CONCLUSIONS Compared with 2D-BBPSLGE, 2D-DBPSLGE sequences provide better differentiation between LGE and blood-pool, while underestimating LGE trasmurality and the presence of MVO.
Collapse
|
|
11
|
Francone M, Aquaro GD, Barison A, Castelletti S, de Cobelli F, de Lazzari M, Esposito A, Focardi M, di Renzi P, Indolfi C, Lanzillo C, Lovato L, Maestrini V, Mercuro G, Natale L, Mantini C, Polizzi G, Rabbat M, Secchi F, Secinaro A, di Cesare E, Pontone G. Appropriate use criteria for cardiovascular MRI: SIC - SIRM position paper Part 2 (myocarditis, pericardial disease, cardiomyopathies and valvular heart disease). J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2021; 22:515-529. [PMID: 34076599 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000001170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as an accurate diagnostic technique for the evaluation of patients with cardiac disease in the majority of clinical settings, thanks to an established additional diagnostic and prognostic value. This document has been developed by a joined group of experts of the Italian Society of Cardiology (SIC) and Italian Society of Radiology (SIRM) to provide a summary about the current state of technology and clinical applications of CMR, to improve the clinical diagnostic pathways and to promote its inclusion in clinical practice. The writing committee consisted of members and experts of both societies in order to develop a more integrated approach in the field of cardiac imaging. This section 2 will cover myocarditis, pericardial disease, cardiomyopathies and valvular heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Francone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, Milan
| | | | | | - Silvia Castelletti
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Center for the Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin
| | - Francesco de Cobelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Manuel de Lazzari
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan
| | - Marta Focardi
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena
| | - Paolo di Renzi
- U.O.C. Radiologia, Ospedale 'San Giovanni Calibita' Fatebenefratelli - Isola Tiberina - Rome
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, University Magna Graecia, Italy and Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples
| | | | - Luigi Lovato
- Cardiovascular Radiology Unit, Department of Imaging S.Orsola-Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari
| | - Luigi Natale
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology - Diagnostic Imaging Area
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS
- Universita ' Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, 'G. d'Annunzio' University, Chieti
| | - Gesualdo Polizzi
- Unit of Radiodiagnostics II, University Hospital 'Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele', Catania, Italy
| | - Mark Rabbat
- Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, Illinois, USA
| | - Francesco Secchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome
| | - Ernesto di Cesare
- Department of Life, Healt and Enviromental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
12
|
Migliore F, Mattesi G, Zorzi A, Bauce B, Rigato I, Corrado D, Cipriani A. Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy-Current Treatment and Future Options. J Clin Med 2021; 10:2750. [PMID: 34206637 PMCID: PMC8268983 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10132750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM) is an inheritable heart muscle disease characterised pathologically by fibrofatty myocardial replacement and clinically by ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) and sudden cardiac death (SCD). Although, in its original description, the disease was believed to predominantly involve the right ventricle, biventricular and left-dominant variants, in which the myocardial lesions affect in parallel or even mostly the left ventricle, are nowadays commonly observed. The clinical management of these patients has two main purposes: the prevention of SCD and the control of arrhythmic and heart failure (HF) events. An implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is the only proven lifesaving treatment, despite significant morbidity because of device-related complications and inappropriate shocks. Selection of patients who can benefit the most from ICD therapy is one of the most challenging issues in clinical practice. Risk stratification in ACM patients is mostly based on arrhythmic burden and ventricular dysfunction severity, although other clinical features resulting from electrocardiogram and imaging modalities such as cardiac magnetic resonance may have a role. Medical therapy is crucial for treatment of VAs and the prevention of negative ventricular remodelling. In this regard, the efficacy of novel anti-HF molecules and drugs acting on the inflammatory pathway in patients with ACM is, to date, unknown. Catheter ablation represents an effective strategy to treat ventricular tachycardia relapses and recurrent ICD shocks. The present review will address the current strategies for prevention of SCD and treatment of VAs and HF in patients with ACM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federico Migliore
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Giulia Mattesi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Zorzi
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Barbara Bauce
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Rigato
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Domenico Corrado
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padova, Via Giustiniani 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
|
13
|
Pontone G, Di Cesare E, Castelletti S, De Cobelli F, De Lazzari M, Esposito A, Focardi M, Di Renzi P, Indolfi C, Lanzillo C, Lovato L, Maestrini V, Mercuro G, Natale L, Mantini C, Polizzi A, Rabbat M, Secchi F, Secinaro A, Aquaro GD, Barison A, Francone M. Appropriate use criteria for cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMR): SIC-SIRM position paper part 1 (ischemic and congenital heart diseases, cardio-oncology, cardiac masses and heart transplant). LA RADIOLOGIA MEDICA 2021; 126:365-379. [PMID: 33629237 PMCID: PMC7937599 DOI: 10.1007/s11547-020-01332-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) has emerged as new mainstream technique for the evaluation of patients with cardiac diseases, providing unique information to support clinical decision-making. This document has been developed by a joined group of experts of the Italian Society of Cardiology and Italian society of Radiology and aims to produce an updated consensus statement about the current state of technology and clinical applications of CMR. The writing committee consisted of members and experts of both societies who worked jointly to develop a more integrated approach in the field of cardiac radiology. Part 1 of the document will cover ischemic heart disease, congenital heart disease, cardio-oncology, cardiac masses and heart transplant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ernesto Di Cesare
- Department of Life, Healt and Enviromental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Castelletti
- Center for the Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco De Cobelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Manuel De Lazzari
- Department of Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Center for the Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Focardi
- Department of Cardiology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Senese, Siena, Italy
| | - Paolo Di Renzi
- U.O.C. Radiologia, Ospedale "San Giovanni Calibita" Fatebenefratelli - Isola Tiberina, Rome, Italy
| | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, University Magna Graecia, Italy and Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Lovato
- Cardiovascular Radiology Unit, Department of Imaging S.Orsola, Malpighi University Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Viviana Maestrini
- Department of Clinical Internal, Anesthesiologic and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mercuro
- Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Luigi Natale
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging, Oncological Radiotherapy, and Hematology - Diagnostic Imaging Area, Rome, Italy
- Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Universita ` Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Cesare Mantini
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Aldo Polizzi
- Unit of Radiodiagnostics II, University Hospital "Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele", Catania, Italy
| | - Mark Rabbat
- Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
- Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Francesco Secchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Unit of Radiology, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Italy
| | - Aurelio Secinaro
- Advanced Cardiovascular Imaging Unit, Department of Imaging, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Marco Francone
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, 20090, Milan, Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
|
14
|
Barison A, Baritussio A, Cipriani A, De Lazzari M, Aquaro GD, Guaricci AI, Pica S, Pontone G, Todiere G, Indolfi C, Dellegrottaglie S. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance: What clinicians should know about safety and contraindications. Int J Cardiol 2021; 331:322-328. [PMID: 33571560 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2021.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (MR) is a multiparametric, non-ionizing, non-invasive imaging technique, which represents the imaging gold standard to study cardiac anatomy, function and tissue characterization. Faced with a wide range of clinical application, in this review we aim to provide a comprehensive guide for clinicians about MR safety, contraindications and image quality. Starting from the physical interactions of the static magnetic fields, gradients and radiofrequencies with the human body, we will describe the most common metal and electronic devices which are allowed (MR-safe), allowed under limited conditions (MR-conditional) or contraindicated (MR-unsafe). Moreover, some conditions potentially affecting image quality and patient comfort will be mentioned, including arrhythmias, claustrophobia, and poor breath-hold capacity. Finally, we will discuss the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of current gadolinium-based contrast agents, their contraindications and their potential acute and chronic adverse effects, as well as the safety issue concerning the use of vasodilating/inotropic agents in stress cardiac MR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Baritussio
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | - Manuel De Lazzari
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic and Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Italy
| | | | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- University Cardiology Unit, Cardiothoracic Department, Policlinic University Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - Silvia Pica
- Multimodality Cardiac Imaging Section, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Pontone
- Department of Cardiovascular Imaging, Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Ciro Indolfi
- Division of Cardiology, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Center for Cardiovascular Research, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, Italy; Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
|
15
|
Diagnostic Accuracy of Single-shot 2-Dimensional Multisegment Late Gadolinium Enhancement in Ischemic and Nonischemic Cardiomyopathy. J Thorac Imaging 2020; 35:56-63. [PMID: 30870309 DOI: 10.1097/rti.0000000000000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
|
16
|
Ni JR, Hu Y, Shao LP, Song B, Li YM, Lei JQ. The diagnostic performance of magnetic resonance imaging for differentiating the nature of cardiac masses: A systematic review protocol. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e18717. [PMID: 31914085 PMCID: PMC6959924 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000018717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac masses are rare, but lead to high risk of stroke and death. Because of the different treatment methods, it is significant for clinicians to differentiate the nature of masses. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has high intrinsic soft-tissue contrast and high spatial and temporal resolution and can provide evidence for differential diagnosis of cardiac masses. However, there is no evidence-based conclusion as to its accuracy. Therefore, the purpose of our study is to perform a systematic review on this issue and provide useful information for clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS We will perform a systematic search in EMBASE, Cochrane Library, PubMed and Web of Science for diagnostic studies using CMR to detect cardiac masses from inception to October, 2019. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts for relevance, review full texts for inclusion and conduct detail data extraction. The methodological quality will be assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool. If pooling is possible, we will use bivariate model for diagnostic meta-analysis to estimate summary sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and diagnostic odds ratio of CMR, as well as different sequences of CMR. Estimates of sensitivity and specificity from each study will be plotted in summary receive operating curve space and forest plots will be constructed for visual examination of variation in test accuracy. If enough studies are available, we will conduct sensitivity analysis and subgroup analysis. RESULTS The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this will be the first systematic review on the accuracy of CMR in the differential diagnosis of cardiac masses. This study will provide evidence and data to form a comprehensive understanding of the clinical value of CMR for cardiac masses patients. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethics approval and patient consent are not required, as this study is a systematic review. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42019137800.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Rong Ni
- The First Hospital (First Clinical Medical School) of Lanzhou University
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
- Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province
- Precision Image and Collaborative Innovation International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Hu
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Li-Ping Shao
- Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Gansu Provincial Hospital
| | - Bing Song
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Yuan-Min Li
- Department of Cardiovascular surgery, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
| | - Jun-Qiang Lei
- The First Hospital (First Clinical Medical School) of Lanzhou University
- Department of Radiology, First Hospital of Lanzhou University
- Intelligent Imaging Medical Engineering Research Center of Gansu Province
- Precision Image and Collaborative Innovation International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Gansu Province, Lanzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
17
|
De Lazzari M, Zorzi A, Cipriani A, Susana A, Mastella G, Rizzo A, Rigato I, Bauce B, Giorgi B, Lacognata C, Iliceto S, Corrado D, Perazzolo Marra M. Relationship Between Electrocardiographic Findings and Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Phenotypes in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 7:e009855. [PMID: 30571483 PMCID: PMC6404435 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.009855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Background The new designation of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy defines a broader spectrum of disease phenotypes, which include right dominant, biventricular, and left dominant variants. We evaluated the relationship between electrocardiographic findings and contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance phenotypes in arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy. Methods and Results We studied a consecutive cohort of patients with a definite diagnosis of arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy, according to 2010 International Task Force criteria, who underwent electrocardiography and contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance. Both depolarization and repolarization electrocardiographic abnormalities were correlated with the severity of dilatation/dysfunction, either global or regional, of both ventricles and the presence and regional distribution of late gadolinium enhancement. The study population included 79 patients (60% men). There was a statistically significant relationship between the presence and extent of T‐wave inversion across a 12‐lead ECG and increasing values of median right ventricular (RV) end‐diastolic volume (P<0.001) and decreasing values of RV ejection fraction (P<0.001). The extent of T‐wave inversion to lateral leads predicted a more severe RV dilatation rather than a left ventricular involvement because of the leftward displacement of the dilated RV, as evidenced by contrast‐enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance. A terminal activation delay of >55 ms in the right precordial leads (V1‐V3) was associated with higher RV volume (P=0.014) and lower RV ejection fraction (P=0.053). Low QRS voltages in limb leads predicted the presence (P=0.004) and amount (P<0.001) of left ventricular late gadolinium enhancement. Conclusions The study results indicated that electrocardiographic abnormalities predict the arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy phenotype in terms of severity of RV disease and left ventricular involvement, which are among the most important determinants of the disease outcome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manuel De Lazzari
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Alessandro Zorzi
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Alberto Cipriani
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Angela Susana
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Giulio Mastella
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Alessandro Rizzo
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Ilaria Rigato
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Barbara Bauce
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Benedetta Giorgi
- 2 Division of Radiology Department of Medicine University of Padova Italy
| | - Carmelo Lacognata
- 2 Division of Radiology Department of Medicine University of Padova Italy
| | - Sabino Iliceto
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | - Domenico Corrado
- 1 Department of Cardiac, Thoracic and Vascular Sciences University of Padova Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
18
|
Guglielmo M, Baggiano A, Muscogiuri G, Fusini L, Andreini D, Mushtaq S, Conte E, Annoni A, Formenti A, Mancini EM, Gripari P, Guaricci AI, Rabbat MG, Pepi M, Pontone G. Multimodality imaging of left atrium in patients with atrial fibrillation. J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr 2019; 13:340-346. [PMID: 30952613 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcct.2019.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia worldwide associated with significant morbidity and mortality and represents a significant health care burden. Goals of AF treatment include prevention of cardioembolic stroke using anticoagulation and device therapy and restoration of sinus rhythm using antiarrhythmic drugs or catheter ablation techniques. A comprehensive assessment of cardiac chamber size and function is often started with echocardiography as a first line diagnostic imaging strategy. Recently, innovations in advanced imaging using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) and cardiac computed tomography (CCT) provide a detailed characterization of atrial anatomy and have been shown to accurately exclude thrombus and guide left atrial appendage (LAA) closure or catheter ablation (CA) of atrial fibrillation. Compared to echocardiography, CCT offers an uncompromised spatial resolution and a fast dataset acquisition, with the disadvantages of the need of iodine contrast agent and radiation exposure. CMR, conversely, can rely on very high temporal resolution, the unique feature of tissue characterization and the absence of radiation exposure. However, the main drawbacks of this diagnostic tool are long scan times and low availability. This review will illustrate the vital role of multimodality cardiac imaging in the accurate identification of left atrial, pulmonary vein and LAA size and function, discuss advanced imaging techniques to rule out thrombus and highlight novel CMR and CCT techniques to guide catheter ablation of AF and LAA occlusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Giuseppe Muscogiuri
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome "Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Fusini
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrea Igoren Guaricci
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital, Policlinico of Bari, Italy
| | - Mark G Rabbat
- Loyola University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA; Edward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - Mauro Pepi
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
|
19
|
El-Boraey A, El-Damaty A, El-Deeb H, Eshra M, Kharabish A, Farouk H, Sorour K. Relation between fragmented QRS complex to the right ventricular volumes and fraction of pulmonary regurgitation in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot. PROGRESS IN PEDIATRIC CARDIOLOGY 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ppedcard.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
|
20
|
Dellegrottaglie S, Ostenfeld E, Sanz J, Scatteia A, Perrone-Filardi P, Bossone E. Imaging the Right Heart-Pulmonary Circulation Unit. Heart Fail Clin 2018; 14:377-391. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2018.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
|
|
21
|
Clinical recommendations of cardiac magnetic resonance, Part II. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2018; 19:195. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
|
22
|
Di Bella G, Camastra G, Monti L, Dellegrottaglie S, Piaggi P, Moro C, Pepe A, Lanzillo C, Pontone G, Perazzolo Marra M, Di Roma M, Scatteia A, Aquaro GD. Left and right ventricular morphology, function and late gadolinium enhancement extent and localization change with different clinical presentation of acute myocarditis Data from the ITAlian multicenter study on MYocarditis (ITAMY). J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:881-887. [DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
|
|
23
|
Guaricci AI, Musci RL, Pollice P, Marangelli V, Pepe M, Masi F, Nacci F, Zanna D, Favale S. A concealed case of takotsubo syndrome as consequence of ab ingestis episode in a revascularized patient. J Cardiovasc Med (Hagerstown) 2017; 18:985-988. [PMID: 28914662 DOI: 10.2459/jcm.0000000000000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I Guaricci
- Institute of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University Hospital Policlinico of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|