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Shinkai T, Takizawa S, Enishi O, Higuchi K, Ohmori H, Mitsumori M. Characteristics of rumen microbiota and Prevotella isolates found in high propionate and low methane-producing dairy cows. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1404991. [PMID: 38887715 PMCID: PMC11180796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1404991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Ruminal methane production is the main sink for metabolic hydrogen generated during rumen fermentation, and is a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emission. Individual ruminants exhibit varying methane production efficiency; therefore, understanding the microbial characteristics of low-methane-emitting animals could offer opportunities for mitigating enteric methane. Here, we investigated the association between rumen fermentation and rumen microbiota, focusing on methane production, and elucidated the physiological characteristics of bacteria found in low methane-producing cows. Thirteen Holstein cows in the late lactation stage were fed a corn silage-based total mixed ration (TMR), and feed digestion, milk production, rumen fermentation products, methane production, and rumen microbial composition were examined. Cows were classified into two ruminal fermentation groups using Principal component analysis: low and high methane-producing cows (36.9 vs. 43.2 L/DMI digested) with different ruminal short chain fatty acid ratio [(C2+C4)/C3] (3.54 vs. 5.03) and dry matter (DM) digestibility (67.7% vs. 65.3%). However, there were no significant differences in dry matter intake (DMI) and milk production between both groups. Additionally, there were differences in the abundance of OTUs assigned to uncultured Prevotella sp., Succinivibrio, and other 12 bacterial phylotypes between both groups. Specifically, a previously uncultured novel Prevotella sp. with lactate-producing phenotype was detected, with higher abundance in low methane-producing cows. These findings provide evidence that Prevotella may be associated with low methane and high propionate production. However, further research is required to improve the understanding of microbial relationships and metabolic processes involved in the mitigation of enteric methane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Shinkai
- Division of Dairy Cattle Feeding and Breeding Research, Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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2
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Lakes JE, Ferrell JL, Berhow MA, Flythe MD. Antimicrobial effects of cannabidiol on select agriculturally important Clostridia. Anaerobe 2024; 87:102843. [PMID: 38537865 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2024.102843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Amino acid-fermenting Clostridia have undesirable effects in agricultural systems, which can be mitigated by antibiotics, but resistance necessitates alternatives. Here, we demonstrate the efficacy of cannabidiol on growth and ammonia inhibition of five agriculturally relevant Clostridia: Clostridium sporogenes, Peptostreptococcus spp., Clostridioides difficile, Acetoanaerobium sticklandii, and Clostridium aminophilum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jourdan E Lakes
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jessica L Ferrell
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mark A Berhow
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Michael D Flythe
- USDA Agricultural Research Service, Forage-Animal Production Research Unit, Lexington, KY, USA; Department of Animal and Food Sciences, College of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.
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3
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Della Rosa MM, Jonker A, Janssen PH, Reid P, Pacheco D, Muetzel S. Effect of buffer pH on methane production and fermentation characteristics of three forages tested in vitro. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2024. [PMID: 38816930 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low rumen pH is proposed to be a major mechanism for low methane (CH4) emissions from sheep fed forage rape. However, it is difficult to separate this from other in vivo factors, such as rumen passage rate. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of pH alone on CH4 production in vitro using different pH buffers. Ryegrass, white clover and forage rape were incubated in vitro using three different incubation buffers with starting pH values of 5.5, 6.2 and 6.8. RESULTS Decreasing pH reduced overall in vitro CH4 emission relative to fermented hexoses (CH4/FHex) by up to 54% and overall fermentation by 40%. pH also changed fermentation profiles where the acetate + butyrate to propionate + valerate ratio decreased when pH decreased. Within the three forages, forage rape led to the lowest CH4/FHex, but only in pH 5.5 and 6.2 buffer, and this was enhanced when the pH fell below 6. CONCLUSION Reducing pH in vitro decreased CH4 production and overall fermentation across all forages. The lower pH reached by forage rape compared to ryegrass and white clover appears to drive the lower CH4 production relative to the extent of fermentation from forage rape compared to the other forages. © 2024 The Author(s). Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria M Della Rosa
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Arjan Jonker
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Peter H Janssen
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Peter Reid
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - David Pacheco
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Muetzel
- AgResearch Limited, Grasslands Research Centre, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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4
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Shinkai T, Takizawa S, Fujimori M, Mitsumori M. - Invited Review - The role of rumen microbiota in enteric methane mitigation for sustainable ruminant production. Anim Biosci 2024; 37:360-369. [PMID: 37946422 PMCID: PMC10838666 DOI: 10.5713/ab.23.0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 09/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Ruminal methane production functions as the main sink for metabolic hydrogen generated through rumen fermentation and is recognized as a considerable source of greenhouse gas emissions. Methane production is a complex trait affected by dry matter intake, feed composition, rumen microbiota and their fermentation, lactation stage, host genetics, and environmental factors. Various mitigation approaches have been proposed. Because individual ruminants exhibit different methane conversion efficiencies, the microbial characteristics of low-methane-emitting animals can be essential for successful rumen manipulation and environment-friendly methane mitigation. Several bacterial species, including Sharpea, uncharacterized Succinivibrionaceae, and certain Prevotella phylotypes have been listed as key players in low-methane-emitting sheep and cows. The functional characteristics of the unclassified bacteria remain unclear, as they are yet to be cultured. Here, we review ruminal methane production and mitigation strategies, focusing on rumen fermentation and the functional role of rumen microbiota, and describe the phylogenetic and physiological characteristics of a novel Prevotella species recently isolated from low methane-emitting and high propionate-producing cows. This review may help to provide a better understanding of the ruminal digestion process and rumen function to identify holistic and environmentally friendly methane mitigation approaches for sustainable ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Shinkai
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901,
Japan
| | - Shuhei Takizawa
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901,
Japan
| | - Miho Fujimori
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901,
Japan
| | - Makoto Mitsumori
- NARO Institute of Livestock and Grassland Science, Ibaraki 305-0901,
Japan
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5
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Lee S, Kim J, Baek Y, Seong P, Song J, Kim M, Kang S. Effects of different feeding systems on ruminal fermentation, digestibility, methane emissions, and microbiota of Hanwoo steers. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2023; 65:1270-1289. [PMID: 38616869 PMCID: PMC11007303 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2023.e82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluates how different feeding systems impact ruminal fermentation, methane production, and microbiota of Hanwoo steers native to Korea. In a replicated 2 × 2 crossover design over 29 days per period, eight Hanwoo steers (507.1 ± 67.4 kg) were fed twice daily using a separate feeding (SF) system comprising separate concentrate mix and forage or total mixed rations (TMR) in a 15:85 ratio. The TMR-feeding group exhibited a considerable neutral detergent fiber digestibility increase than the SF group. However, ruminal fermentation parameters and methane production did not differ between two feeding strategies. In addition, TMR-fed steers expressed elevated Prevotellaceae family, Christensenellaceae R-7 group, and an unidentified Veillonellaceae family genus abundance in their rumen, whereas SF-fed steers were rich in the Rikenellaceae RC9 gut group, Erysipelotrichaceae UCG-004, and Succinivibrio. Through linear regression modeling, positive correlations were observed between the Shannon Diversity Index and the SF group's dry matter intake and methane production. Although feeding systems do not affect methane production, they can alter ruminal microbes. These results may guide future feeding system investigations or ruminal microbiota manipulations as a methane-mitigation practice examining different feed ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seul Lee
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology
Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Jungeun Kim
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology
Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Youlchang Baek
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology
Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | - Pilnam Seong
- Animal Nutrition & Physiology
Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development
Administration, Wanju 55365, Korea
| | | | - Minseok Kim
- Division of Animal Science, College of
Agriculture and Life Sciences, Chonnam National University,
Gwangju 61186, Korea
| | - Seungha Kang
- The University of Queensland Frazer
Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland,
Woolloongabba, Queensland 4072, Australia
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6
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Fonseca PAS, Lam S, Chen Y, Waters SM, Guan LL, Cánovas A. Multi-breed host rumen epithelium transcriptome and microbiome associations and their relationship with beef cattle feed efficiency. Sci Rep 2023; 13:16209. [PMID: 37758745 PMCID: PMC10533831 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-43097-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding host-microbial interactions in the rumen and its influence on desirable production traits may lead to potential microbiota manipulation or genetic selection for improved cattle feed efficiency. This study investigated the host transcriptome and its correlation with the rumen archaea and bacteria differential abundance of two pure beef cattle breeds (Angus and Charolais) and one composite beef hybrid (Kinsella) divergent for residual feed intake (RFI; low-RFI vs. high-RFI). Using RNA-Sequencing of rumen tissue and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, differentially expressed genes (FDR ≤ 0.05, |log2(Fold-change) >|2) and differentially abundant (p-value < 0.05) archaea and bacteria amplicon sequence variants (ASV) were determined. Significant correlations between gene expression and ASVs (p-value < 0.05) were determine using Spearman correlation. Interesting associations with muscle contraction and the modulation of the immune system were observed for the genes correlated with bacterial ASVs. Potential functional candidate genes for feed efficiency status were identified for Angus (CCL17, CCR3, and CXCL10), Charolais (KCNK9, GGT1 and IL6), and Kinsella breed (ESR2). The results obtained here provide more insights regarding the applicability of target host and rumen microbial traits for the selection and breeding of more feed efficient beef cattle.
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Grants
- Beef Farmers of Ontario, Genome Canada and the Sustainable Beef and Forage Science Cluster funded by the Canadian Beef Cattle Check-Off, Beef Cattle Research Council (BCRC), Alberta Beef Producers, Alberta Cattle Feeders’ Association, Beef Farmers of Ontario, La Fédération des Productuers de bovins du Québec, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada’s Canadian Agricultural Partnership
- Ontario Ministry of Agriculture, Food, and Rural Affairs (OMAFRA), Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, and the Ontario Agri-Food Innovation Alliance
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Affiliation(s)
- P A S Fonseca
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - S Lam
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Y Chen
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2P5, Canada
| | - S M Waters
- Teagasc, Animal and Bioscience Research Department, Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre, Grange, Dunsany, C15 PW93, Co. Meath, Ireland
| | - L L Guan
- Livestock Gentec, Department of Agriculture, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6H 2P5, Canada
| | - A Cánovas
- Centre for Genetic Improvement of Livestock, Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada.
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7
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Simanungkalit G, Bhuiyan M, Bell R, Sweeting A, Morton CL, Cowley F, Hegarty R. The effects of antibiotic-free supplementation on the ruminal pH variability and methane emissions of beef cattle under the challenge of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). Res Vet Sci 2023; 160:30-38. [PMID: 37263098 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) in feedlot cattle during the feed transition to grain-based diets is a significant constraint to animal health and productivity. This experiment assessed an antibiotic-free supplement (ProTect®) effects on ruminal pH variability and methane (CH4) emissions of cattle during the challenge of SARA. Ten 18-month-old Angus steers (472 ± 4.8 kg) were randomly allocated into monensin (n = 5) and ProTect® groups (n = 5) and progressively introduced to grain diets incorporating monensin or ProTect® for 36 days of the experiment [starter (7 days; 45% grain), T1 (7 days; 56% grain), T2 (7 days; 67% grain), finisher (15 days; 78% grain)]. The pH variability on the finisher period was reduced by the ProTect® supplement (6.6% vs. 5.2%; P < 0.01), with CH4 emissions being significantly higher relative to the monensin group [88.2 g/day (9.3 g CH4/kg DMI) vs. 133.7 g/day (14.1 g CH4/kg DMI); P < 0.01]. There was no difference between treatments in the time spent on the ruminal pH < 5.6 or < 5.8 (P > 0.05). The model evaluation for the ruminal pH variation indicated that the mean absolute error (MAE) proportion for both groups was good within the same range [4.05% (monensin) vs. 4.25% (ProTect®)] with identical root mean square prediction error (RMSPE) (0.34). It is concluded that the ProTect® supplement is an effective alternative to monensin for preventing SARA in feedlot cattle by managing ruminal pH variation during the transition to high-grain diets. Both monensin and ProTect® supplemented cattle exhibited lower CH4 yield compared to cattle fed forages and low-concentrate diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamaliel Simanungkalit
- Centre for Carbon Water and Food, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia.
| | - Momenuzzaman Bhuiyan
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Robert Bell
- Nutritional Products, ProAgni, Albury, NSW 2640, Australia
| | | | - Christine L Morton
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Frances Cowley
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
| | - Roger Hegarty
- School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW 2351, Australia
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8
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Choi Y, Lee SJ, Kim HS, Eom JS, Jo SU, Guan LL, Seo J, Lee Y, Song T, Lee SS. Assessment of the Pinus koraiensis cone essential oil on methane production and microbial abundance using in vitro evaluation system. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2023.115640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
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9
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Firkins JL, Mitchell KE. Invited review: Rumen modifiers in today's dairy rations. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:3053-3071. [PMID: 36935236 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to review feed additives that have a potential ruminal mechanism of action when fed to dairy cattle. We discuss how additives can influence ruminal fermentation stoichiometry through electron transfer mechanisms, particularly the production and usage of dihydrogen. Lactate accumulation should be avoided, especially when acidogenic conditions suppress ruminal neutral detergent fiber digestibility or lead to subclinical acidosis. Yeast products and other probiotics are purported to influence lactate uptake, but growing evidence also supports that yeast products influence expression of gut epithelial genes promoting barrier function and resulting inflammatory responses by the host to various stresses. We also have summarized methane-suppressing additives for potential usage in dairy rations. We focused on those with potential to decrease methane production without decreasing fiber digestibility or milk production. We identified some mitigating factors that need to be addressed more fully in future research. Growth factors such as branched-chain volatile fatty acids also are part of crucial cross-feeding among groups of microbes, particularly to optimize fiber digestibility in the rumen. Our developments of mechanisms of action for various rumen-active modifiers should help nutrition advisors anticipate when a benefit in field conditions is more likely.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Firkins
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210.
| | - K E Mitchell
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus 43210
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10
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Rumen Fermentation Parameters Prediction Model for Dairy Cows Using a Stacking Ensemble Learning Method. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040678. [PMID: 36830465 PMCID: PMC9951746 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Revised: 02/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Volatile fatty acids (VFAs) and methane are the main products of rumen fermentation. Quantitative studies of rumen fermentation parameters can be performed using in vitro techniques and machine learning methods. The currently proposed models suffer from poor generalization ability due to the small number of samples. In this study, a prediction model for rumen fermentation parameters (methane, acetic acid (AA), and propionic acid (PA)) of dairy cows is established using the stacking ensemble learning method and in vitro techniques. Four factors related to the nutrient level of total mixed rations (TMRs) are selected as inputs to the model: neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), crude protein (CP), and dry matter (DM). The comparison of the prediction results of the stacking model and base learners shows that the stacking ensemble learning method has better prediction results for rumen methane (coefficient of determination (R2) = 0.928, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.968 mL/g), AA (R2 = 0.888, RMSE = 1.975 mmol/L) and PA (R2 = 0.924, RMSE = 0.74 mmol/L). And the stacking model simulates the variation of methane and VFAs in relation to the dietary fiber content. To demonstrate the robustness of the model in the case of small samples, an independent validation experiment was conducted. The stacking model successfully simulated the transition of rumen fermentation type and the change of methane content under different concentrate-to-forage (C:F) ratios of TMR. These results suggest that the rumen fermentation parameter prediction model can be used as a decision-making basis for the optimization of dairy cow diet compositions, rapid screening of methane emission reduction, feed beneficial to dairy cow health, and improvement of feed utilization.
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Antanaitis R, Anskienė L, Rapaliutė E, Bilskis R, Džermeikaitė K, Bačėninaitė D, Juškienė V, Juška R, Meškinytė E. Relationship between Reticulorumen Parameters Measured in Real Time and Methane Emission and Heat Stress Risk in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12233257. [PMID: 36496778 PMCID: PMC9738838 DOI: 10.3390/ani12233257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate a connection between CH4 emissions and reticulorumen pH and temperature. During the experiment, we registered the following parameters: reticulorumen pH (pH), reticulorumen temperature (RR temp.), reticulorumen temperature without drinking cycles, ambient temperature, ambient relative humidity, cow activity, heat index, temperature−humidity index (THI), and methane emissions (CH4). The experimental animals were divided into two groups based on the reticulorumen pH: 1. pH < 6.22 and 2. pH 6.22−6.42. We found that cows assigned to the second pH class had higher (46.18%) average values for methane emissions (p < 0.01). For the other indicators, higher average values were detected in cows of the first pH class, RR temperature (2.80%), relative humidity (20.96%), temperature−humidity index (2.47%) (p < 0.01), and temperature (3.93%) (p < 0.05), which were higher compared to cows of the second pH class. Reticulorumen pH was highly negatively correlated with THI and temperature (r = −0.667 to 0.717, p < 0.001) and somewhat negatively with heat index, relative humidity, and RR temperature (r = −0.536, p < 0.001; r = −0.471 to 0.456, p < 0.01). Cows with a higher risk of heat stress had a higher risk of lower reticulorumen pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramūnas Antanaitis
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
- Correspondence:
| | - Lina Anskienė
- Department of Animal Breeding, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės Str. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Eglė Rapaliutė
- AUGA Group, AB, Konstitucijos pr. 21C, LT-08130 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Ronaldas Bilskis
- AUGA Group, AB, Konstitucijos pr. 21C, LT-08130 Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Karina Džermeikaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Dovilė Bačėninaitė
- Large Animal Clinic, Veterinary Academy, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Tilžės St. 18, LT-47181 Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Violeta Juškienė
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Remigijus Juška
- Department of Ecology, Animal Science Institute, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, R. Zebenkos 12, 82317 Baisogala, Lithuania
| | - Edita Meškinytė
- Animal Husbandry Selections, Breeding Values and Dissemination Center, Agriculture Academy, Vytautas Magnus University, Universiteto St. 10A, Akademija, LT-53361 Kaunas, Lithuania
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12
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Pena-Bermudez YA, Vincenzi R, Meo-Filho P, Sakamoto LS, Lobo R, Benetel G, Lobo A, Matos C, Benetel V, Lima CG, Berndt A, Cardenas LM, Bueno ICS. Effect of Yerba Mate Extract as Feed Additive on Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emissions in Beef Cattle. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:2997. [PMID: 36359122 PMCID: PMC9658154 DOI: 10.3390/ani12212997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The inclusion of plant extracts that contain secondary compounds with the potential to modulate rumen fermentation and improve animal performance has gained attention in recent years. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the inclusion of yerba mate extract (Ilex paraguariensis ST. Hilaire) (YME) on the ruminal parameters. Eight castrated cattle were divided into four groups, a control without YME (0%) and three treatment groups with 0.5, 1 and 2% inclusion of YME in the dry matter. The inclusion of YME did not show differences in ruminal methane emissions (CH4), and total apparent digestibility (p = 0.54). Likewise, YME did not modify ruminal pH, but positively affected NH3-N, which decreased linearly as the extract level in the diet increased (p = 0.01). No short chain fatty acids (SCFA) were influenced by YME, except isovaleric acid (p = 0.01), which showed a lower concentration in the inclusion of 2% YME. Our results show that up to 2% YME does not affect digestibility, ruminal fermentation parameters, or the concentration of short-chain fatty acids in the rumen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli A. Pena-Bermudez
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Vincenzi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo Meo-Filho
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | | | - Richard Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
- Department of Animal Science, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences, University of Florida, 2250 Shealy Dr, Gainesville, FL 32608, USA
| | - Gabriela Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Annelise Lobo
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Carol Matos
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Vanderlei Benetel
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Cesar G. Lima
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
| | - Alexandre Berndt
- Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (EMBRAPA), Embrapa–Southeast Livestock, São Carlos 13560-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Laura M. Cardenas
- Net Zero and Resilient Farming, Rothamsted Research–North Wyke. North Wyke, Okehampton, Devon EX20 2SB, UK
| | - Ives C. S. Bueno
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Animal Science and Food Engineering, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga 13635-900, SP, Brazil
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13
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Effect of Adding Extra Virgin Olive Oil to Hair Sheep Lambs' Diets on Productive Performance, Ruminal Fermentation Kinetics and Rumen Ciliate Protozoa. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12192588. [PMID: 36230330 PMCID: PMC9558953 DOI: 10.3390/ani12192588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined productive performance, ruminal fermentation kinetics and rumen ciliate protozoa in hair sheep lambs fed different levels of olive oil. Twenty-four growing lambs were used, with an initial live weight of 10.5 ± 2.9 kg, and randomly assigned into four treatments (six animals per treatment) containing increasing levels of extra virgin olive oil (0, 2, 4 and 6% of dry matter). Animals were fed for 80 days, and sampling was carried out weekly. Intake of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and metabolizable energy (ME) differed between treatments (p < 0.05), with a linear and cubic tendency to decrease when oil concentrations were increased. Digestibility coefficients of OM, CP and NDF were not affected; however, the relationship between total intake and nutrient digestibility (DM, OM, NDF, ADF) increased with 2% DM olive oil. Compared with all treatments, the concentration of propionic acid increased by 16% with 4% olive oil. The intake of olive oil did not affect the protozoa population and live weight gain. Overall, the inclusion of olive oil in low concentrations (2% of DM) positively influences feed intake and nutrient digestibility in hair sheep lambs.
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14
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Savin KW, Moate PJ, Williams SRO, Bath C, Hemsworth J, Wang J, Ram D, Zawadzki J, Rochfort S, Cocks BG. Dietary wheat and reduced methane yield are linked to rumen microbiome changes in dairy cows. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268157. [PMID: 35587477 PMCID: PMC9119556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fermentation of pasture grasses and grains in the rumen of dairy cows and other ruminants produces methane as a by-product, wasting energy and contributing to the atmospheric load of greenhouse gasses. Many feeding trials in farmed ruminants have tested the impact of dietary components on feed efficiency, productivity and methane yield (MeY). Such diets remodel the rumen microbiome, altering bacterial, archaeal, fungal and protozoan populations, with an altered fermentation outcome. In dairy cows, some dietary grains can reduce enteric methane production. This is especially true of wheat, in comparison to corn or barley. Using a feeding trial of cows fed rolled wheat, corn or barley grain, in combination with hay and canola, we identified wheat-associated changes in the ruminal microbiome. Ruminal methane production, pH and VFA concentration data together with 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequences were used to compare ruminal bacterial and archaeal populations across diets. Differential abundance analysis of clustered sequences (OTU) identified members of the bacterial families Lachnospiraceae, Acidaminococcaceae, Eubacteriaceae, Prevotellaceae, Selenomonadaceae, Anaerovoracaceae and Fibrobacteraceae having a strong preference for growth in wheat-fed cows. Within the methanogenic archaea, (at >99% 16S rRNA sequence identity) the growth of Methanobrevibacter millerae was favoured by the non-wheat diets, while Methanobrevibacter olleyae was unaffected. From the wheat-preferring bacteria, correlation analysis found OTU strongly linked to reduced MeY, reduced pH and raised propionic acid levels. OTU from the genera Shuttleworthia and Prevotella_7 and especially Selenomonadaceae had high anti-methane correlations. An OTU likely representing (100% sequence identity) the fumarate-reducing, hydrogen-utilising, rumen bacterium Mitsuokella jalaludinii, had an especially high negative correlation coefficient (-0.83) versus MeY and moderate correlation (-0.6) with rumen pH, strongly suggesting much of the MeY suppression is due to reduced hydrogen availablity. Other OTU, representing as yet unknown species from the Selenomonadaceae family and the genera Prevotella_7, Fibrobacter and Syntrophococcus also had high to moderate negative MeY correlations, but low correlation with pH. These latter likely represent bacterial species able to reduce MeY without causing greater ruminal acidity, making them excellent candidates, provided they can be isolated, for development as anti-methane probiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keith W. Savin
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail: ,
| | - Peter J. Moate
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Carolyn Bath
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Joanne Hemsworth
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jianghui Wang
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Doris Ram
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jody Zawadzki
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Simone Rochfort
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin G. Cocks
- AgriBio Centre, Agriculture Victoria Research, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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Supplementing a Phytogenic Feed Additive Modulates the Risk of Subacute Rumen Acidosis, Rumen Fermentation and Systemic Inflammation in Cattle Fed Acidogenic Diets. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12091201. [PMID: 35565627 PMCID: PMC9105827 DOI: 10.3390/ani12091201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Feeding with high-concentrate diets increases the risk of subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA). This experiment was conducted to evaluate whether supplementing a phytogenic feed additive based on L-menthol, thymol, eugenol, mint oil (Mentha arvensis) and cloves powder (Syzygium aromaticum) (PHY) can amend the ruminal fermentation profile, modulate the risk of SARA and reduce inflammation in cattle. The experiment was designed as a crossover design with nine non-lactating Holstein cows, and was conducted in two experimental runs. In each run, cows were fed a 100% forage diet one week (wk 0), and were then transitioned stepwise over one week (0 to 65% concentrate, wk adapt.) to a high concentrate diet that was fed for 4 weeks. Animals were fed diets either with PHY or without (CON). The PHY group had an increased ruminal pH compared to CON, reduced time to pH < 5.8 in wk 3, which tended to decrease further in wk 4, reduced the ruminal concentration of D-lactate, and tended to decrease total lactate (wk 3). In wk 2, PHY increased acetate, butyrate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and the acetate to propionate ratio compared to CON. Phytogenic supplementation reduced inflammation compared to CON in wk 3. Overall, PHY had beneficial effects on ruminal fermentation, reduced inflammation, and modulated the risk of SARA starting from wk 3 of supplementation.
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16
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Agustinho B, Ravelo A, Vinyard J, Lobo R, Arce-Cordero J, Monteiro H, Sarmikasoglou E, Bennett S, Johnson M, Vieira E, Stoffel C, Stocks S, Faciola A. Effects of replacing magnesium oxide with calcium-magnesium carbonate with or without sodium bicarbonate on ruminal fermentation and nutrient flow in vitro. J Dairy Sci 2022; 105:3090-3101. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-20995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Park K, Lee H. Can flushing gas distort the rumen in vitro experiment results? Anim Feed Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2022.115203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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18
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Cristobal-Carballo O, McCoard SA, Cookson AL, Laven RA, Ganesh S, Lewis SJ, Muetzel S. Effect of Divergent Feeding Regimes During Early Life on the Rumen Microbiota in Calves. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:711040. [PMID: 34745024 PMCID: PMC8565576 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.711040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to determine whether divergent feeding regimes during the first 41 weeks of the life of a calf are associated with long-term changes in the rumen microbiota and the associated fermentation end-products. Twenty-four calves (9 ± 5 days of age) were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial design with two divergent treatments across three dietary phases. In phase 1 (P01), calves were offered a low-milk volume/concentrate starter diet with early weaning (CO) or high-milk volume/pasture diet and late weaning (FO). In phase 2 (P02), calves from both groups were randomly allocated to either high-quality (HQ) or low-quality (LQ) pasture grazing groups. In phase 3 (P03), calves were randomly allocated to one of two grazing groups and offered the same pasture-only diet. During each dietary phase, methane (CH4) and hydrogen (H2) emissions and dry matter intake (DMI) were measured in respiration chambers, and rumen samples for the evaluation of microbiota and short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) characterizations were collected. In P01, CO calves had a higher solid feed intake but a lower CH4 yield (yCH4) and acetate:propionate ratio (A:P) compared with FO calves. The ruminal bacterial community had lower proportions of cellulolytic bacteria in CO than FO calves. The archaeal community was dominated by Methanobrevibacter boviskoreani in CO calves and by Mbb. gottschalkii in FO calves. These differences, however, did not persist into P02. Calves offered HQ pastures had greater DMI and lower A:P ratio than calves offered LQ pastures, but yCH4 was similar between groups. The cellulolytic bacteria had lower proportions in HQ than LQ calves. In all groups, the archaeal community was dominated by Mbb. gottschalkii. No treatment interactions were observed in P02. In P03, all calves had similar DMI, CH4 and H2 emissions, SCFA proportions, and microbial compositions, and no interactions with previous treatments were observed. These results indicate that the rumen microbiota and associated fermentation end-products are driven by the diet consumed at the time of sampling and that previous dietary interventions do not lead to a detectable long-term microbial imprint or changes in rumen function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Cristobal-Carballo
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sue A McCoard
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Adrian L Cookson
- Food System Integrity Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,School of Veterinary Medicine, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Richard A Laven
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Siva Ganesh
- Biostatistics Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Sarah J Lewis
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Stefan Muetzel
- Ruminant Nutrition and Physiology Team, AgResearch Grasslands, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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19
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Malik PK, Trivedi S, Mohapatra A, Kolte AP, Sejian V, Bhatta R, Rahman H. Comparison of enteric methane yield and diversity of ruminal methanogens in cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0256048. [PMID: 34379691 PMCID: PMC8357158 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0256048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
An in vivo study was conducted to compare the enteric methane emissions and diversity of ruminal methanogens in cattle and buffaloes kept in the same environment and fed on the same diet. Six cattle and six buffaloes were fed on a similar diet comprising Napier (Pennisetum purpureum) green grass and concentrate in 70:30. After 90 days of feeding, the daily enteric methane emissions were quantified by using the SF6 technique and ruminal fluid samples from animals were collected for the diversity analysis. The daily enteric methane emissions were significantly greater in cattle as compared to buffaloes; however, methane yields were not different between the two species. Methanogens were ranked at different taxonomic levels against the Rumen and Intestinal Methanogen-Database. The archaeal communities in both host species were dominated by the phylum Euryarchaeota; however, Crenarchaeota represented <1% of the total archaea. Methanogens affiliated with Methanobacteriales were most prominent and their proportion did not differ between the two hosts. Methanomicrobiales and Methanomassillicoccales constituted the second largest group of methanogens in cattle and buffaloes, respectively. Methanocellales (Methanocella arvoryza) were exclusively detected in the buffaloes. At the species level, Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii had the highest abundance (55-57%) in both the host species. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter wolinii between the two hosts differed significantly. Methanosarcinales, the acetoclastic methanogens were significantly greater in cattle than the buffaloes. It is concluded that the ruminal methane yield in cattle and buffaloes fed on the same diet did not differ. With the diet used in this study, there was a limited influence (<3.5%) of the host on the structure of the ruminal archaea community at the species level. Therefore, the methane mitigation strategies developed in either of the hosts should be effective in the other. Further studies are warranted to reveal the conjunctive effect of diet and geographical locations with the host on ruminal archaea community composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- P. K. Malik
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - S. Trivedi
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A. Mohapatra
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - A. P. Kolte
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - V. Sejian
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - R. Bhatta
- Bioenergetics and Environmental Science Division, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - H. Rahman
- International Livestock Research Institute, South Asia Regional Office, New Delhi, India
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20
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Harlow BE, Flythe MD, Klotz JL, Harmon DL, Aiken GE. Effect of biochanin A on the rumen microbial community of Holstein steers consuming a high fiber diet and subjected to a subacute acidosis challenge. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0253754. [PMID: 34288928 PMCID: PMC8294529 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0253754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Subacute rumen acidosis (SARA) occurs when highly fermentable carbohydrates are introduced into the diet, decreasing pH and disturbing the microbial ecology of the rumen. Rumen amylolytic bacteria rapidly catabolize starch, fermentation acids accumulate in the rumen and reduce environmental pH. Historically, antibiotics (e.g., monensin, MON) have been used in the prevention and treatment of SARA. Biochanin A (BCA), an isoflavone produced by red clover (Trifolium pratense), mitigates changes associated with starch fermentation ex vivo. The objective of the study was to determine the effect of BCA on amylolytic bacteria and rumen pH during a SARA challenge. Twelve rumen fistulated steers were assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: HF CON (high fiber control), SARA CON, MON (200 mg d-1), or BCA (6 g d-1). The basal diet consisted of corn silage and dried distiller’s grains ad libitum. The study consisted of a 2-wk adaptation, a 1-wk HF period, and an 8-d SARA challenge (d 1–4: 40% corn; d 5–8: 70% cracked corn). Samples for pH and enumeration were taken on the last day of each period (4 h). Amylolytic, cellulolytic, and amino acid/peptide-fermenting bacteria (APB) were enumerated. Enumeration data were normalized by log transformation and data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA using the MIXED procedure of SAS. The SARA challenge increased total amylolytics and APB, but decreased pH, cellulolytics, and in situ DMD of hay (P < 0.05). BCA treatment counteracted the pH, microbiological, and fermentative changes associated with SARA challenge (P < 0.05). Similar results were also observed with MON (P < 0.05). These results indicate that BCA may be an effective alternative to antibiotics for mitigating SARA in cattle production systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany E. Harlow
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forage Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, KY, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael D. Flythe
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forage Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - James L. Klotz
- United States Department of Agriculture, Forage Animal Production Research Unit, Agricultural Research Service, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - David L. Harmon
- Department of Animal and Food Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States of America
| | - Glen E. Aiken
- North Florida Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Quincy, FL, United States of America
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21
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Chen H, Guo B, Yang M, Luo J, Hu Y, Qu M, Song X. Response of Growth Performance, Blood Biochemistry Indices, and Rumen Bacterial Diversity in Lambs to Diets Containing Supplemental Probiotics and Chinese Medicine Polysaccharides. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:681389. [PMID: 34250066 PMCID: PMC8264418 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.681389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effects of probiotics and Chinese medicine polysaccharides (CMPs) on growth performance, blood indices, rumen fermentation, and bacteria composition in lambs. Forty female lambs were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control, probiotics, CMP, and compound (probiotics + CMP) groups. The results showed that probiotics treatment increased the concentrations of blood glucose (GLU) and immunoglobulin G (IgG) and enhanced rumen microbial protein contents but declined the value of pH in rumen fluid compared with the control (P < 0.05). Furthermore, supplementation with CMP enhanced the average daily gain (ADG) and the contents of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the serum but decreased the F:G ratio compared with the control (P < 0.05). Besides, both CMP and compound (probiotics + CMP) treatments decreased the ratio of acetic acid and propionic acid compared with the control (P < 0.05). High-throughput sequencing data showed that at the genus level, the relative abundance of Veillonellaceae_UCG-001 in the probiotics group was increased, the relative abundance of Succiniclasticum and norank_f__Muribaculaceae in the CMP group were enhanced, and the relative abundance of Ruminococcaceae_UCG-002 in the compound group was raised compared with the control (P < 0.05). In summary, supplementation with probiotics can promote rumen protein fermentation but decrease the diversity of bacteria in rumen fluid; however, CMP treatment increased the relative abundance of Fibrobacteria, changed rumen microbial fermentation mode, increased the immune function, and ultimately improved the growth performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Beibei Guo
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingrui Yang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junrong Luo
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory for Animal Health, Institute of Animal Population Health, College of Animal Science and Technology, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yiqing Hu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Mingren Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
| | - Xiaozhen Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, China
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22
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Schilde M, von Soosten D, Hüther L, Kersten S, Meyer U, Zeyner A, Dänicke S. Dose-Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1784. [PMID: 34203718 PMCID: PMC8232248 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose-response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p < 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p < 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p < 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schilde
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.v.S.); (L.H.); (S.K.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Dirk von Soosten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.v.S.); (L.H.); (S.K.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.v.S.); (L.H.); (S.K.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.v.S.); (L.H.); (S.K.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Ulrich Meyer
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.v.S.); (L.H.); (S.K.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
| | - Annette Zeyner
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Group Animal Nutrition, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany;
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut (FLI), Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany; (D.v.S.); (L.H.); (S.K.); (U.M.); (S.D.)
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23
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Castro M, Cardoso M, Detmann E, Fonseca M, Sampaio C, Marcondes M. In vitro ruminal fermentation and enteric methane production of tropical forage added nitrogen or nitrogen plus starch. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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Ramos SC, Jeong CD, Mamuad LL, Kim SH, Kang SH, Kim ET, Cho YI, Lee SS, Lee SS. Diet Transition from High-Forage to High-Concentrate Alters Rumen Bacterial Community Composition, Epithelial Transcriptomes and Ruminal Fermentation Parameters in Dairy Cows. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:838. [PMID: 33809588 PMCID: PMC8002347 DOI: 10.3390/ani11030838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of changing diet on rumen fermentation parameters, bacterial community composition, and transcriptome profiles were determined in three rumen-cannulated Holstein Friesian cows using a 3 × 4 cross-over design. Treatments include HF-1 (first high-forage diet), HC-1 (first high-concentrate diet), HC-2 (succeeding high-concentrate diet), and HF-2 (second high-forage diet as a recovery period). Animal diets contained Klein grass and concentrate at ratios of 8:2, 2:8, 2:8, and 8:2 (two weeks each), respectively. Ammonia-nitrogen and individual and total volatile fatty acid concentrations were increased significantly during HC-1 and HC-2. Rumen species richness significantly increased for HF-1 and HF-2. Bacteroidetes were dominant for all treatments, while phylum Firmicutes significantly increased during the HC period. Prevotella, Erysipelothrix, and Galbibacter significantly differed between HF and HC diet periods. Ruminococcus abundance was lower during HF feeding and tended to increase during successive HC feeding periods. Prevotellaruminicola was the predominant species for all diets. The RNA sequence analysis revealed the keratin gene as differentially expressed during the HF diet, while carbonic-anhydrase I and S100 calcium-binding protein were expressed in the HC diet. Most of these genes were highly expressed for HC-1 and HC-2. These results suggested that ruminal bacterial community composition, transcriptome profile, and rumen fermentation characteristics were altered by the diet transitions in dairy cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonny C. Ramos
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Chang Dae Jeong
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seon Ho Kim
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
| | - Seung Ha Kang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia;
| | - Eun Tae Kim
- Dairy Science Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea;
| | - Yong Il Cho
- Animal Disease and Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea;
| | - Sung Sill Lee
- Institute of Agriculture and Life Science and University-Centered Labs, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, Korea;
| | - Sang Suk Lee
- Ruminant Nutrition and Anaerobe Laboratory, Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon 57922, Korea; (S.C.R.); (C.D.J.); (L.L.M.); (S.H.K.)
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He Y, Sun X, You P. Animal, feed and rumen fermentation attributes associated with methane emissions from sheep fed brassica crops. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2020; 105:210-218. [PMID: 33025597 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Methane emissions from ruminants enhance global warming and lead to a loss of feed energy. The emissions are low when fed brassica crops, but the factors contributing to low emissions are unknown. A meta-analysis was conducted with individual animal data collected from seven experiments. In these experiments, methane emissions were measured using respiration chambers. Animal characteristics, feed chemical composition and rumen fermentation parameters were included for the analysis using multiple regression models. Feed intake level, animal live weight and age were animal factors that were weakly and negatively related to methane yield (g/dry matter intake). The duration in which sheep were fed brassica crops was a significant contributor in the model, suggesting that the effect on emissions diminishes with time. Among a range of feed chemical composition characters, acid detergent fibre and hot-water-soluble carbohydrate contributed significantly to the model, suggesting that both structural and soluble carbohydrates affect methane formation in the rumen. There was no significant correlation between the concentration of sulphate in brassicas and emissions, but nitrate was moderately and negatively correlated with methane yield (r = -.53). Short-chain fatty acid profiles in the rumen of animals fed brassicas were different from those fed pasture, but these parameters only moderately correlated to methane emissions (r = .42). Feeding forage rape resulted in low rumen pH. The pH before morning feeding was strongly correlated to methane yield (r = .90). Rumen pH, together with microbial communities mediated by pH, might lead to low emissions. Bacteria known to produce hydrogen were relatively less abundant in the rumen contents of brassica-fed animals than pasture-fed animals. In conclusion, animal and feed factors, rumen fermentation and microbial communities all affect methane emissions to some extent. The interactions of these factors with each other thus contribute to methane emissions from brassica-fed sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhua He
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Xuezhao Sun
- The Innovation Centre of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin Agricultural Science and Technology University, Jilin, China.,Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China
| | - Peihua You
- Jilin Inter-regional Cooperation Centre for the Scientific and Technological Innovation of Ruminant Precision Nutrition and Smart and Ecological Farming, Jilin, China.,Portal Agri-Industries Co, Ltd, Nanjing, China
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Thirumalaisamy G, Malik PK, Kolte AP, Trivedi S, Dhali A, Bhatta R. Effect of silkworm ( Bombyx mori) pupae oil supplementation on enteric methane emission and methanogens diversity in sheep. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 33:128-140. [PMID: 32573336 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1781147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to examine the effect of silkworm pupae oil on methane (CH4) emission and methanogens diversity. Five graded levels (2, 4, 6, 8 and 10%) of silkworm pupae oil were tested in vitro. Eighteen Mandya adult sheep were divided into three groups. All the animals were fed on similar basal diet except the oil supplementation in test groups. Oil level for supplementation was decided on the basis of in vitro study. In vitro study indicated a reduction of 22% in CH4 production with 2% oil supplementation. Animals in test groups were supplemented with oil (2%) either daily (CON) or intermittently (INT) on every alternate week for all the seven days. A significant reduction of 17-20% in enteric CH4 emission (g/d) was achieved due to oil supplementation in sheep. However, No variation was established between test groups CON and INT. In present study, Methanobrevibacter was major genus contributed ∼90% of the total rumen methanogens; whilst Methanobrevibacter gottschalkii was the most abundant methanogens species. Abundance of Methanobrevibacter ruminantium was affected with the oil supplementation. It can be concluded that the silkworm pupae oil at 2% can decrease CH4 emission by 15-20%.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Thirumalaisamy
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - P K Malik
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A P Kolte
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - S Trivedi
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A Dhali
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - R Bhatta
- Energy Metabolism Laboratory, ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Moate PJ, Deighton MH, Jacobs J, Ribaux BE, Morris GL, Hannah MC, Mapleson D, Islam MS, Wales WJ, Williams SRO. Influence of proportion of wheat in a pasture-based diet on milk yield, methane emissions, methane yield, and ruminal protozoa of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2019; 103:2373-2386. [PMID: 31882219 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2019-17514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Wheat is the most common concentrate fed to grazing dairy cows in Australia, but no studies have examined the effects of wheat proportion in a pasture-based diet on milk production and methane emissions. In this 47-d experiment, 32 Holstein dairy cows were offered 1 of 4 diets during d 1 to 36. Cows in each of the dietary treatment groups were individually offered no wheat (W0) or wheat at 3 kg of dry matter (DM)/d (W3), 6 kg of DM/d (W6), or 9 kg of DM/d (W9). The remainder of the diet was 2.2 kg of DM of concentrate mix and freshly harvested perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) such that all individual cows were offered a total diet of approximately 20.2 kg of DM/d. From d 37 to 47 the diets of cows receiving treatments W0 and W3 remained unchanged, but cows in treatments W6 and W9 received the W3 diet. Individual cow feed intakes, milk yields, milk compositions, and methane emissions were measured for d 31 to 35 (period 1) and d 45 to 47 (period 2). During period 1, the mean intakes of cows offered the W0, W3, W6, and W9 diets were 19.2, 20.4, 20.2, and 19.8 kg of DM/d. Diet caused differences in energy-corrected milk, and means for W0, W3, W6, and W9 were 29.5, 32.4, 33.0, and 32.9 kg/d, respectively. Milk fat percentage differed with respective means of 3.93, 3.94, 3.69, and 3.17. Diets also caused differences in methane emissions, with means for W0, W3, W6, and W9 of 440, 431, 414, and 319 g/d. During period 1, the cows fed the W9 diet produced less methane and had lower methane yields (g/kg of DMI) and intensities (g/kg of energy-corrected milk) than cows fed the W3 diet. However, in period 2 when the wheat intake of cows in the W9 treatment was reduced to the same level as in the W3 treatment, their methane emissions, yields, and intensities were similar to those offered the W3 treatment, yet protozoa numbers in ruminal fluid were still much lower than those in cows offered the W3 treatment. Our research shows that for diets based on perennial ryegrass and crushed wheat, only the diet containing more than 30% crushed wheat resulted in substantially depressed milk fat concentration and reduced methane emissions, methane yield, and methane intensity. Thus, although feeding a diet with a high proportion of wheat can cause substantial methane mitigation, it can come at the cost of depression in milk fat concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Moate
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia.
| | - M H Deighton
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - J Jacobs
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - B E Ribaux
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - G L Morris
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - M C Hannah
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - D Mapleson
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - M S Islam
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - W J Wales
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
| | - S R O Williams
- Agriculture Victoria Research, Ellinbank, Victoria 3821, Australia
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Effect of altering ruminal pH by dietary buffer supplementation on methane emissions from sheep fed forage rape. Animal 2019; 14:952-962. [PMID: 31735196 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731119002799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Low methane (CH4) emissions from sheep fed forage rape (Brassica napus) might be related to low ruminal pH value. In this study, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3: SC) was supplemented to the diet to alter ruminal pH for evaluation of its role in CH4 emissions from sheep fed forage rape. Fourteen intact and eight fistulated Romney sheep were adapted to forage rape over 32 days and then randomly allocated to one of two groups: diets supplemented with SC or not (control). Methane emissions were measured from intact sheep in seven experimental periods. In parallel, ruminal pH and fermentation characteristics were assessed using the fistulated sheep. In the first (P01) and the second (P02) periods, none of the sheep received SC to examine the baseline CH4 emissions. The P01 period was used as a covariate for analysis of gas emission measurements in subsequent measurement periods. Sodium carbonate was offered at 5% of the forage DM in P03 and P04, increased to 8% in P05 and P06 to assess the effect of pH increase on CH4 emissions and stopped in P07 to assess if the CH4 emissions reverted to values similar to those measured before the supplementation started. Methane yield (g/kg forage DM intake) was similar for the sheep in both groups during P02 and P03, but sheep supplemented with SC in the diet emitted 36%, 49% and 30% more CH4 per unit of forage DM intake than those in the control group during P04, P05 and P06, respectively. Emissions returned to similar levels when SC supplementation was ceased in P07. Ruminal pH was 0.412 to 0.565 units higher in SC supplemented sheep than for the control group during the SC treatment periods. Based on the lack of an immediate response in CH4 emissions to the supplementation of SC in P03, the positive responses in P04 to P06 and the rapid disappearance of the response after supplementation with SC stopped in P07, we propose a new hypothesis that ruminal pH effects on CH4 emissions are possibly through medium-term changes in microbial and methanogenic communities in the rumen, rather than a direct, short-term impact on methanogens per se. In conclusion, SC supplemented to the forage rape diet of sheep increased rumen pH, leading to an increase in CH4 emissions. Low ruminal pH in sheep fed forage rape explains, at least partially, the reported low CH4 emissions from sheep fed with this forage crop.
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Alvarez-Hess PS, Moate PJ, Williams SRO, Jacobs JL, Beauchemin KA, Durmic Z, Hannah MC, Eckard RJ. The effect of diet of the donor cows on in vitro measurements of methane production from wheat and corn incubated in various forage-to-grain ratios. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2019; 99:3451-3458. [PMID: 30609046 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Revised: 11/22/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Supplementation of ruminant diets with wheat and corn grains influences ruminal fermentation. In vitro fermentation is a methodology that can be used to screen feeds for their potential to produce enteric methane. However, there is evidence that the diet of the donor cows could impact the results of in vitro analysis. This research investigated the in vitro fermentation of wheat and corn grain when incubated in ruminal fluid from cows fed different grain types and different forage-to-grain ratios. RESULTS The type of grain fed to the donor cows, as well as forage-to-grain ratio, affected the outcome of fermentation of wheat and corn grain. Differences in methane production (MP) between grains were only observed when incubated with ruminal fluid adapted to each specific grain type. Increasing proportions of wheat but not of corn decreased in vitro MP in a linear manner compared with MP produced from forage only. CONCLUSIONS Wheat grain has a greater in vitro antimethanogenic effect than corn. However, to detect the different fermentations between wheat and corn, grains should be incubated in ruminal fluid from cows adapted to that specific grain type. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo S Alvarez-Hess
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Agriculture Victoria , Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Peter J Moate
- Agriculture Victoria , Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC, Australia
| | - S Richard O Williams
- Agriculture Victoria , Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Joe L Jacobs
- Agriculture Victoria , Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen A Beauchemin
- Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Zoey Durmic
- School of Agriculture and Environment, The University of Western Australia M085, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Murray C Hannah
- Agriculture Victoria , Department of Jobs, Precincts and Regions, Ellinbank, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard J Eckard
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
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Effects of tannins and saponins contained in foliage of Gliricidia sepium and pods of Enterolobium cyclocarpum on fermentation, methane emissions and rumen microbial population in crossbred heifers. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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31
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Karamnejad K, Sari M, Salari S, Chaji M. Effects of nitrogen source on the performance and feeding behavior of lambs fed a high concentrate diet containing pomegranate peel. Small Rumin Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Berthelot V, Albarello H, Broudiscou L. Effect of extruded linseed supplementation, grain source and pH on dietary and microbial fatty acid outflows in continuous cultures of rumen microorganisms. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2019.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Moate PJ, Williams SRO, Deighton MH, Hannah MC, Ribaux BE, Morris GL, Jacobs JL, Hill J, Wales WJ. Effects of feeding wheat or corn and of rumen fistulation on milk production and methane emissions of dairy cows. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.1071/an17433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
There has been little research that has quantified methane (CH4) yields when dairy cows consume diets containing wheat grain. Furthermore, although rumen-fistulated animals have been used in many experiments concerned with measuring CH4 emissions, no research has examined the effect of rumen fistulation on in vivo CH4 emissions and yield. This experiment examined the effects of including either wheat or corn grain in the diet and the effects of rumen fistulation on yields of milk and milk components, CH4 emissions, yields, and intensities. Eight rumen-fistulated and six non-fistulated Holstein dairy cows in late lactation were offered a wheat-based diet (WHT) and a corn-based diet (CRN) in a crossover design. For the WHT diet, cows were offered daily, 22.4 kg DM containing 45.5% lucerne hay, 8.9% canola meal, 0.5% mineral mix, 0.5% molasses powder and 44.6% rolled wheat. The CRN diet was similar to the WHT diet except that rolled corn replaced the wheat. There was no difference between the WHT and CRN diets on mean milk yields (27.8 vs 27.9 kg/day), but the WHT diet substantially reduced milk fat concentration (2.76 vs 4.23%) and milk fat yield (0.77 vs 1.18 kg/day). Methane emissions (218 vs 424 g/day), CH4 yield (11.1 vs 19.5 g/kg dry matter intake) and CH4 intensity (7.6 vs 15.7 g/kg milk) were all reduced ~45% by the WHT diet compared with the CRN diet. Rumen fistulation did not affect dry matter intake, milk production, milk composition or CH4 emissions, but decreased CH4 yield and intensity. Including wheat in the diet of dairy cows has the potential to be an effective strategy to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. In addition, rumen fistulation was associated with a small reduction in CH4 yield and intensity, and this should be considered when using rumen-fistulated cows in research concerned with CH4 emissions.
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Wang K, Nan X, Chu K, Tong J, Yang L, Zheng S, Zhao G, Jiang L, Xiong B. Shifts of Hydrogen Metabolism From Methanogenesis to Propionate Production in Response to Replacement of Forage Fiber With Non-forage Fiber Sources in Diets in vitro. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2764. [PMID: 30524394 PMCID: PMC6262304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The rumen microbial complex adaptive mechanism invalidates various methane (CH4) mitigation strategies. Shifting the hydrogen flow toward alternative electron acceptors, such as propionate, was considered to be a meaningful mitigation strategy. A completely randomized design was applied in in vitro incubation to investigate the effects of replacing forage fiber with non-forage fiber sources (NFFS) in diets on methanogenesis, hydrogen metabolism, propionate production and the methanogenic and bacterial community. There are two treatments in the current study, CON (a basic total mixed ration) and TRT (a modified total mixed ration). The dietary treatments were achieved by partly replacing forage fiber with NFFS (wheat bran and soybean hull) to decrease forage neutral detergent fiber (fNDF) content from 24.0 to 15.8%, with the composition and inclusion rate of other dietary ingredients remaining the same in total mixed rations. The concentrations of CH4, hydrogen (H2) and volatile fatty acids were determined using a gas chromatograph. The archaeal and bacterial 16S rRNA genes were sequenced by Miseq high-throughput sequencing and used to reveal the relative abundance of methanogenic and bacterial communities. The results revealed that the concentration of propionate was significantly increased, while the concentration of acetate and the acetate to propionate ratio were not affected by treatments. Compared with CON, the production of H2 increased by 8.45% and the production of CH4 decreased by 14.06%. The relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccus was significantly increased, but the relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter tended to decrease in TRT group. At the bacterial phylum level, the TRT group significantly decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and tended to increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes. The replacement of forage fiber with NFFS in diets can affect methanogenesis by shifting the hydrogen flow toward propionate, and part is directed to H2 in vitro. The shift was achieved by a substitution of Firmicutes by Bacteroidetes, another substitution of Methanobrevibacter by Methanomassiliicoccus. Theoretical predictions of displacements of H2 metabolism from methanogenesis to propionate production was supported by the dietary intervention in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China.,State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Nan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kangkang Chu
- Beijing Dairy Cattle Center, Beijing Capital Agribusiness Group, Beijing, China
| | - Jinjin Tong
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shanshan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guangyong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Linshu Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Dairy Cow Nutrition, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing, China
| | - Benhai Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Effects of Lactobacillus buchneri NCIMB 40788 and forage: Concentrate ratio on the growth performance of finishing feedlot lambs fed maize silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2018.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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36
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Bharanidharan R, Arokiyaraj S, Kim EB, Lee CH, Woo YW, Na Y, Kim D, Kim KH. Ruminal methane emissions, metabolic, and microbial profile of Holstein steers fed forage and concentrate, separately or as a total mixed ration. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202446. [PMID: 30110381 PMCID: PMC6093700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Few studies have examined the effects of feeding total mixed ration (TMR) versus roughage and concentrate separately (SF) on ruminant methane production. Therefore, this study compared differences in methane production, ruminal characteristics, total tract digestibility of nutrients, and rumen microbiome between the two feeding methods in Holstein steers. A total six Holstein steers of initial bodyweights 540 ± 34 kg were divided into two groups and assigned to a same experimental diet with two different feeding systems (TMR or SF) in a crossover design with 21 d periods. The experimental diet contained 73% concentrate and 27% forage and were fed twice a day. The total tract digestibility of crude protein, neutral detergent fibre, and organic matter were not affected by the two different feeding systems. Steers fed TMR emitted more methane (138.5 vs. 118.2 L/d; P < 0.05) and lost more gross energy as methane energy (4.0 vs. 3.5% gross energy intake; P = 0.005) compared to those fed SF. Steers fed TMR had greater (P < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (VFA), ammonia-N concentrations and propionate proportion of total VFA at 1.5 h, whereas lower after that compared to steers fed SF. The greater (P < 0.05) acetate: propionate ratio at 4.5 h for steers fed TMR reflected the shift of H2 sink from propionate towards acetate synthesis. The lower (P < 0.05) isobutyrate and isovalerate proportions of total VFA observed in steers fed TMR implies decrease in net consumption of H2 for microbial protein synthesis compared to SF. There were no differences in both major bacterial and archaeal diversity between TMR and SF, unlike several minor bacterial abundances. The minor groups such as Coprococcus, Succiniclasticum, Butyrivibrio, and Succinivibrio were associated with the changes in ruminal VFA profiles or methanogenesis indirectly. Overall, these results indicate that SF reduces methane emissions from ruminants and increases propionate proportion of total VFA without affecting total tract digestion compared to TMR. There were no evidences that the response differed due to different major underlying microbial population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajaraman Bharanidharan
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Selvaraj Arokiyaraj
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Bae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Hyun Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Yang Won Woo
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, The Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjun Na
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Danil Kim
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, The Republic of Korea
- Department of Farm Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, The Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoung Hoon Kim
- Department of International Agricultural Technology, Graduate School of International Agricultural Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, The Republic of Korea
- Department of Ecofriendly Livestock Science, Institute of Green Bio Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Pyeongchang, Gangwon, The Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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Glasscock JL, Whitney TR, Navarro JR, Angle SG, Holmes AR, Stewart WC, Scholljegerdes EJ. Substituting ground woody plants for cottonseed hulls in kid goat feedlot diets: growth performance and blood serum chemistry. J Anim Sci 2018; 96:2851-2860. [PMID: 29701844 PMCID: PMC6095275 DOI: 10.1093/jas/sky159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Boer × Spanish kid goats (n = 48) were used to evaluate effects of using ground woody products in feedlot diets on growth performance and blood serum chemistry. A completely randomized study design was used with 2 feeding periods (Period 1 = 70% concentrate, days 0 to 26; Period 2 = 86% concentrate, days 27 to 64). Goats were individually fed 1 of 6 diets that differed only by roughage source (n = 4 wether males and 4 females/treatment; initial BW = 22 ± 2 kg): cottonseed hulls (CSH; control) or ground wood consisting of redberry (RED), blueberry (BLUE), one-seed (ONE), or eastern red cedar (ERC) Juniperus spp., or Prosopis glandulosa (MESQ). Ground woody diets were individually compared with CSH. During Period 1, goats fed CSH had greater (P < 0.05) average daily DMI (DMI), ADG, and G:F than goats fed MESQ and tended to have greater (P < 0.10) ADG and G:F than goats fed BLUE. A Treatment × d interaction (P = 0.008) was observed for goat BW during Period 1 and goats fed CSH tended (P < 0.09) to have greater BW on day 27 than goats fed BLUE or MESQ. During Period 2, Treatment × d interactions were not observed (P > 0.29) for DMI, ADG, G:F, or BW and no differences were observed between goats fed CSH and goats fed any of the treatment diets. Various blood serum variables were different between CSH and goats fed diets containing woody plants (mainly during Period 1); however, blood serum profiles did not indicate hepatotoxicity or any other health issue. Collectively, results suggested that ground Juniperus pinchotii, Juniperus ashei, or Juniperus monosperma can completely replace CSH in goat feedlot diets without negatively affecting growth performance or animal health. During Period 1, feeding diets to goats that contain 30% Juniperus virginiana (ERC) or P. glandulosa (MESQ) may not be economically justifiable in most scenarios, even though goat health, assessed by blood serum profiles, was not negatively affected. However, using 14% J. virginiana (ERC) or P. glandulosa (MESQ) in finishing diets is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Eric J Scholljegerdes
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM
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Shaani Y, Zehavi T, Eyal S, Miron J, Mizrahi I. Microbiome niche modification drives diurnal rumen community assembly, overpowering individual variability and diet effects. ISME JOURNAL 2018; 12:2446-2457. [PMID: 29921849 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-018-0203-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Niche modification is a process whereby the activity of organisms modifies their local environment creating new niches for other organisms. This process can have a substantial role in community assembly of gut microbial ecosystems due to their vast and complex metabolic activities. We studied the postprandial diurnal community oscillatory patterns of the rumen microbiome and showed that metabolites produced by the rumen microbiome condition its environment and lead to dramatic diurnal changes in community composition and function. After feeding, microbiome composition undergoes considerable change in its phylogenetic breadth manifested as a significant 3-5-fold change in the relative abundance of methanogenic archaea and main bacterial taxa such as Prevotella, in a manner that was independent of individual host variation and diet. These changes in community composition were accompanied by changes in pH and methane partial pressure, suggesting a strong functional connection. Notably, cross-incubation experiments combining metabolites and organisms from different diurnal time points showed that the metabolites released by microbes are sufficient to reproduce changes in community function comparable to those observed in vivo. These findings highlight microbiome niche modification as a deterministic process that drives diurnal community assembly via environmental filtering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoav Shaani
- Department of Life Sciences & the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 7 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.,Department of Cattle Husbandry, Extension Service, Ministry of Agriculture, PO Box 28, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Tamar Zehavi
- Department of Life Sciences & the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 7 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Stav Eyal
- Department of Life Sciences & the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 7 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel
| | - Joshuah Miron
- Department of Ruminant Science, Institute of Animal Science, Agricultural Research Organization, PO Box 6, Bet-Dagan, 50250, Israel
| | - Itzhak Mizrahi
- Department of Life Sciences & the National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, 7 Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 84105, Israel.
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Ma Z, Wang R, Wang M, Zhang X, Mao H, Tan Z. Short communication: Variability in fermentation end-products and methanogen communities in different rumen sites of dairy cows. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:5153-5158. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-14096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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40
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Nagata R, Kim YH, Ohkubo A, Kushibiki S, Ichijo T, Sato S. Effects of repeated subacute ruminal acidosis challenges on the adaptation of the rumen bacterial community in Holstein bulls. J Dairy Sci 2018; 101:4424-4436. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-13859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Swainson N, Muetzel S, Clark H. Updated predictions of enteric methane emissions from sheep suitable for use in the New Zealand national greenhouse gas inventory. ANIMAL PRODUCTION SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1071/an15766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Enteric methane (CH4) emissions make up approximately one-third of all New Zealand’s carbon dioxide equivalent greenhouse gas emissions. In current national inventory calculations, fixed values are used to estimate emissions from sheep; 20.9 g CH4 per kg dry matter intake (DMI) for sheep <1 year old and 16.8 g CH4 per kg DMI for sheep >1 year old. These values have been principally derived from trials where intake was estimated, and CH4 emissions were measured indirectly using the sulfur hexafluoride tracer technique. Using New Zealand sheep data collected between 2009 and 2015, where intake was accurately measured and CH4 emissions were measured for a minimum of 48 h in respiration chambers (n = 817), updated sheep methane prediction algorithms suitable for use in the national greenhouse gas inventory were derived. A single equation for all sheep based on daily DMI (kg) alone (ln(g CH4/day) = 0.763 × ln(DMI) + 3.039) explained 76% of the variation in CH4 emissions. Splitting the dataset into two age classes (sheep <1 year old and sheep >1 year old) provided two alternative equations; (sheep >1 year old), ln(g CH4/day) = 0.765 × ln(DMI) + 3.09 and (sheep <1 year old), ln(g CH4/day) = 0.734 × ln(DMI) + 0.05(metabolisable energy) + 2.46. An analysis of concordance suggests that a better fit to the data is obtained by using a two-algorithm approach. The use of these updated algorithms in the national inventory resulted in small changes to estimated emissions both within and between years.
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Mode of action of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in enteric methane mitigation in pigs. Animal 2018; 12:239-245. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731117001732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Pinho RMA, Santos EM, Oliveira JSD, Loureiro AHR, Macêdo AJDS, Alves JP, Santos APMD, Santos VDS. Effect of spineless-cactus mucilage on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE SAÚDE E PRODUÇÃO ANIMAL 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/s1519-99402017000400002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the levels of spineless-cactus mucilage on the in vitro rumen fermentation of cellulose, starch, and protein. A completely randomized experimental design was adopted with a 5 × 3 factorial arrangement consisting of five levels of spineless-cactus mucilage (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40%) and three substrates (carboxymethylcellulose, starch, and trypticase). Treatments were evaluated in a ruminal environment simulated by in vitro incubation at different times of assessment: 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, and 48 h. The incubation procedure was repeated three times, totaling three evaluations per incubation time for each treatment. There was an interaction (P<0.05) between the mucilage levels and substrate for all evaluated ruminal parameters, except for the concentration of microbial protein after 48 h of fermentation and for the proportions of acetate and butyrate fermentation at time 0 h. There was a quadratic increase (P<0.05) in the concentration of ammoniacal nitrogen after 48 h of incubation in the media containing carboxymethylcellulose and trypticase. pH values decreased quadratically (P<0.05) as a function of the mucilage levels in the media containing carboxymethylcellulose and trypticase. Overall, no expressive alterations were observed between the individual molar proportions of acetate, propionate, and butyrate with the addition of spineless-cactus mucilage levels to the different substrates. Spineless- cactus mucilage affects the pattern of fermentation of starch, cellulase, and protein performed by rumen microorganisms.
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Zhao XH, Zhou S, Bao LB, Song XZ, Ouyang KH, Xu LJ, Pan K, Liu CJ, Qu MR. Response of rumen bacterial diversity and fermentation parameters in beef cattle to diets containing supplemental daidzein. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1404943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang H. Zhao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shan Zhou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lin B. Bao
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiao Z. Song
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ke H. Ouyang
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Lan J. Xu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ke Pan
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Chan J. Liu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
| | - Ming R. Qu
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition/Engineering Research Center of Feed Development, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
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Danielsson R, Ramin M, Bertilsson J, Lund P, Huhtanen P. Evaluation of a gas in vitro system for predicting methane production in vivo. J Dairy Sci 2017; 100:8881-8894. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2017-12675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Kim SH, Mamuad LL, Kim EJ, Sung HG, Bae GS, Cho KK, Lee C, Lee SS. Effect of different concentrate diet levels on rumen fluid inoculum used for determination of in vitro rumen fermentation, methane concentration, and methanogen abundance and diversity. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2017.1394170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seon-Ho Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Lovelia L. Mamuad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
- Department of Animal Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Eun-Joong Kim
- Department of Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, South Korea
| | - Ha-Guyn Sung
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sangji University, Gangwon-do, South Korea
| | - Gui-Seck Bae
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Ansung, South Korea
| | - Kwang-Keun Cho
- Gyeongnam National University of Science and Technology, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Chanhee Lee
- Department of Animal Sciences Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH, USA
| | - Sang-Suk Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sunchon National University, Suncheon, South Korea
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Romero-Pérez A, Okine EK, Guan LL, Duval SM, Kindermann M, Beauchemin KA. Rapid Communication: Evaluation of methane inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol and monensin in a high-grain diet using the rumen simulation technique (Rusitec)1,2. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Whitney TR, Glasscock JL, Muir JP, Stewart WC, Scholljegerdes EJ. Substituting ground woody plants for cottonseed hulls in lamb feedlot diets: Growth performance, blood serum chemistry, and rumen fluid parameters1. J Anim Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2017.1649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. R. Whitney
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 7887 U.S. Hwy 87 N, San Angelo 76901
| | - J. L. Glasscock
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 7887 U.S. Hwy 87 N, San Angelo 76901
| | - J. P. Muir
- Texas A&M AgriLife Research, 1229 N. U.S. Hwy 281, Stephenville 76401
| | - W. C. Stewart
- Department of Animal and Range Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman 59717
| | - E. J. Scholljegerdes
- Animal and Range Sciences Department, New Mexico State University, Box 30003, Las Cruces 88003
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Lyons T, Boland T, Storey S, Doyle E. Linseed Oil Supplementation of Lambs' Diet in Early Life Leads to Persistent Changes in Rumen Microbiome Structure. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1656. [PMID: 28912768 PMCID: PMC5583589 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Diet has been shown to have a significant impact on microbial community composition in the rumen and could potentially be used to manipulate rumen microbiome structure to achieve specific outcomes. There is some evidence that a window may exist in early life, while the microbiome is being established, where manipulation through diet could lead to long-lasting results. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that dietary supplementation in early life will have an effect on rumen microbial composition that will persist even once supplementation is ceased. Twenty-seven new-born lambs were allocated to one of three dietary treatments; a control group receiving standard lamb meal, a group receiving lamb meal supplemented with 40 g kg-1 DM of linseed oil and a group receiving the supplement pre-weaning and standard lamb meal post-weaning. The supplement had no effect on average daily feed intake or average daily weight gain of lambs. Bacterial and archaeal community composition was significantly (p = 0.033 and 0.005, respectively) different in lambs fed linseed oil throughout the study compared to lambs on the control diet. Succinivibrionaceae, succinate producers, and Veillonellaceae, propionate producers, were in a higher relative abundance in the lambs fed linseed oil while Ruminococcaceae, a family linked with high CH4 emitters, were in a higher relative abundance in the control group. The relative abundance of Methanobrevibacter was reduced in the lambs receiving linseed compared to those that didn’t. In contrast, the relative abundance of Methanosphaera was significantly higher in the animals receiving the supplement compared to animals receiving no supplement (40.82 and 26.67%, respectively). Furthermore, lambs fed linseed oil only in the pre-weaning period had a bacterial community composition significantly (p = 0.015) different to that of the control group, though archaeal diversity and community structure did not differ. Again, Succinivibrionaceae and Veillonellaceae were in a higher relative abundance in the group fed linseed oil pre-weaning while Ruminococcaceae were in a higher relative abundance in the control group. This study shows that lambs fed the dietary supplement short-term had a rumen microbiome that remained altered even after supplementation had ceased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsin Lyons
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
| | - Tommy Boland
- School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
| | - Sean Storey
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
| | - Evelyn Doyle
- Environmental Microbiology Group, School of Biology and Environmental Science and Earth Institute, University College DublinBelfield, Ireland
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Jin W, Cheng Y, Zhu W. The community structure of Methanomassiliicoccales in the rumen of Chinese goats and its response to a high-grain diet. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017; 8:47. [PMID: 28572975 PMCID: PMC5452365 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0178-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The newly proposed methanogenic order ‘Methanomassiliicoccales’ is the second largest archaeal population in the rumen, second only to the Methanobrevibacter population. However, information is limited regarding the community of this new order in the rumen. Methods This study used real-time PCR and 454 pyrosequencing to explore the abundance and community composition of Methanomassiliicoccales in the rumen of Chinese goats fed a hay (0% grain, n = 5) or a high grain (65% grain, n = 5) diet. Results Real-time PCR analysis showed that the relative abundance of Methanomassiliicoccales (% of total archaea) in the goat rumen was significantly lower in the high-grain-diet group (0.5% ± 0.2%) than that in the hay-diet group (8.2% ± 1.1%, P < 0.05). The pyrosequencing results showed that a total of 208 operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were formed from ten samples at 99% sequence identity. All the sequences were identified as Methanomassiliicoccaceae at the family level, and most of the sequences (96.82% ± 1.64%) were further classified as Group 8, 9, and 10 at the Methanomassiliicoccales genus level in each sample based on the RIM-DB database. No significant differences were observed in the number of OTUs or Chao1’s, Shannon’s or Pielou’s evenness indexes between the hay- and high-grain-diet groups (P ≥ 0.05). PCoA analysis showed that diet altered the community of Methanomassiliicoccales. At the genus level, the relative abundances of Group 10 (67.25 ± 12.76 vs. 38.13 ± 15.66, P = 0.012) and Group 4 (2.07 ± 1.30 vs. 0.27 ± 0.30, P = 0.035) were significantly higher in the high-grain-diet group, while the relative abundance of Group 9 was significantly higher in the hay-diet group (18.82 ± 6.20 vs. 47.14 ± 17.72, P = 0.020). At the species level, the relative abundance of Group 10 sp. (67.25 ± 12.76 vs. 38.13 ± 15.66, P = 0.012) and Group 4 sp. MpT1 (2.07 ± 1.30 vs. 0.27 ± 0.30, P = 0.035) were significantly higher in the high-grain-diet group, while the relative abundance of Group 9 sp. ISO4-G1 was significantly higher in the hay-diet group (12.83 ± 3.87 vs. 42.44 ± 18.47, P = 0.022). Conclusions Only a few highly abundant phylogenetic groups dominated within the Methanomassiliicoccales community in the rumens of Chinese goats, and these were easily depressed by high-grain-diet feeding. The relatively low abundance suggests a small contribution on the part of Methanomassiliicoccales to the rumen methanogenesis of Chinese goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jin
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health; Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Yanfen Cheng
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health; Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
| | - Weiyun Zhu
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Nutrition and Animal Health; Laboratory of Gastrointestinal Microbiology, College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095 China
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