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Di Luca A, Ianni A, Bennato F, Martino C, Henry M, Meleady P, Martino G. Comparative Proteomics Analysis of Pig Muscle Exudate through Label-Free Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091460. [PMID: 37174497 PMCID: PMC10177093 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Capital-driven animal husbandry systems undertaken in the last century led to the abandoning of many pig breeds that were not profitable. These local pig breeds and their respective production systems have great potential as they are able to respond to the high criteria and needs of modern society concerning some environmental aspects, animal-welfare, healthiness, etc. This is the case of the black pigs of Italy. The Apulo-Calabrese is a breed of black pig, known by many other names such as Nero d'Abruzzo. In order to further understand the biological differences between different types of porcine genetics (Nero d'Abruzzo and commercial-hybrid) we used a label-free LC-MS strategy and Western-blot to characterize the proteomes of muscle-exudate collected from these pigs. This proteomics approach identified 1669 proteins of which 100 changed significantly in abundance between breeds. Bioinformatics functional analysis indicated that differentially expressed proteins were involved in several biological processes related to energy-metabolism and response to oxidative stress, suggesting that these functions might distinguish between these pigs. Fatty-acid synthase, catalase and glutathione-peroxidase, involved in enzymatic activity were found to be more represented in samples obtained from the Nero d'Abruzzo. This biological information can potentially provide new biological factors that could determine the different production performances of these pigs, distinguished by their different genetic backgrounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Di Luca
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Andrea Ianni
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Francesca Bennato
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
| | - Camillo Martino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Martino
- Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food Agro-Food and Environmental Technology, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, Italy
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Soares MH, Júnior DTV, de Amorim Rodrigues G, Júnior RLC, Rocha GC, Bohrer BM, Juárez M, de Souza Duarte M, Saraiva A. Effects of feeding ractopamine hydrochloride with or without supplemental betaine on live performance, carcass and meat quality traits, and gene expression of finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2022; 191:108851. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2022.108851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Zhang X, Deng Y, Ma J, Hu S, Hu J, Hu B, Liu H, Li L, He H, Wang J. Effects of different breeds/strains on fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism-related genes expression in breast muscle of ducks. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101813. [PMID: 35358925 PMCID: PMC8966148 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2022.101813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fatty acid composition contributes greatly to the nutritional value of meat, and breeds/strains are important factors affecting the composition of fatty acid. Recently, few studies have focused on the fatty acid composition in breast muscle of different duck breeds. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the fatty acid composition and lipid metabolism-related genes expression in breast muscle of Jianchang duck (J), Cherry Verry duck (CV) and 3 crossbred strains (BH1, BH2 and MC♂ × (BGF2♂ × GF2♀)♀ (MBG)). Our results showed that the breast muscle of J had the highest contents of C22:1(n−9) but the lowest ratios of Ʃ-omega 6 (Ʃn−6)/Ʃ-omega 3 (Ʃn−3), Ʃ-mono-unsaturated fatty acid (ƩMUFA)/Ʃ-saturated fatty acid (ƩSFA) and Ʃ-polyunsaturated fatty acid (ƩPUFA)/ƩSFA. The ƩPUFA/ƩSFA ratio was higher in breast muscle of MBG than in that of BH2 and CV, and the contents of C22:1(n-9), ƩMUFA and ƩPUFA were higher in BH1 than in BH2 and CV. Furthermore, the mRNA levels of SCD1, FADS2, ELOVL2, and ELOVL5 were significantly higher in MBG (P < 0.05), while those of FASD1 and ACACA were significantly higher in BH1 than in BH2 and CV (P < 0.05). Principal component analysis showed that fatty acids variation exhibited extensive positive loading on principal components (PCs). Correlation analysis showed that PC1 and PC3 of BH1, as well as PC1 of MBG were correlated with the mRNA levels of ACACA and FABP3, respectively. Thus, it could be concluded that the breast muscles of MBG and BH1 have better fatty acid composition, which was closely related to the increased expression levels of SCD1, FADS2, ELOVL2, and ELOVL5 genes in MBG but FADS1 and ACACA in BH1. Moreover, these results also showed that crossbreeding could optimize the composition of fatty acid in breast muscle of ducks.
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Huang H, Zhang X, Liang X, Wu X, Gu X, Han J, Xue M. N-carbamoylglutamate improves lipid metabolism, inflammation, and apoptosis responses in visceral adipocytes of Japanese seabass ( Lateolabrax japonicus), in vivo and in vitro. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 7:707-715. [PMID: 34466675 PMCID: PMC8379344 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2021.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study applied in vivo and in vitro methods to investigate the effect of dietary N-carbamoylglutamate (NCG) on lipid metabolism, inflammation and apoptosis related-gene expression in visceral adipose tissue and isolated adipocytes of Japanese seabass (Lateolabrax japonicus). A basal diet and a test diet supplemented with 720 mg/kg NCG were fed to the fish for 10 weeks. During the growth trial, no mortality and no significant differences in growth performance were observed in fish between the 2 groups (P > 0.05). Plasma Arg content and mRNA level of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) in adipose tissue were significantly increased, which indicated that NCG inclusion promoted endogenous Arg synthesis. Thereafter, the potential effects of NCG treatment on lipid metabolism-related genes expression were studied through in vivo and in vitro methods. In the present study, we successfully established a primary adipocytes culture system and isolated pre-adipocytes in vitro of Japanese seabass for the first time. Both the results in vivo and in vitro showed that NCG treatment decreased the mRNA levels of genes related to adipogenesis (fatty acid synthase, FASN), cholesterol synthesis (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, HMGCR) and fat deposition (lipoprotein lipase [LPL] and leptin), which revealed the underlying mechanism of NCG on reducing fat deposition. The results of this study demonstrated that NCG inclusion reduced the expression of inflammatory and apoptosis cytokines markedly in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, NCG did exert beneficial effects on ameliorating adipogenesis, inflammation and apoptosis via promoting Arg endogenous synthesis in Japanese seabass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyan Huang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaoran Zhang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiaofang Liang
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiufeng Wu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xu Gu
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Juan Han
- Institute of Food and Nutrition Development, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, China
| | - Min Xue
- National Aquafeed Safety Assessment Center, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.,Feed Processing Innovation Team, Feed Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
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Almeida V, Silva J, Schinckel A, Meira A, Moreira G, Gomes J, Poleti M, Dargelio M, Patinho I, Contreras-Castillo C, Coutinho L, Mourão G, Reecy J, Koltes D, Serão N, Regitano L, Fukumasu H, Brustolini A, Alencar S, Filho AL, Cesar A. Effects of increasing dietary oil inclusion from different sources on growth performance, carcass and meat quality traits, and fatty acid profile in genetically lean immunocastrated male pigs. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Fan W, Liu W, Liu H, Meng Q, Xu Y, Guo Y, Wang B, Zhou Z, Hou S. Dynamic accumulation of fatty acids in duck (Anas platyrhynchos) breast muscle and its correlations with gene expression. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:58. [PMID: 31952469 PMCID: PMC6969424 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-6482-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fatty acid composition contributes greatly to the quality and nutritional value of meat. However, the molecular regulatory mechanisms underlying fatty acid accumulation in poultry have not yet been cleared. The aims of this study were to characterize the dynamics of fatty acid accumulation in duck breast muscle and investigate its correlations with gene expression. Results Here, we analyzed the fatty acid profile and transcriptome of breast muscle derived from Pekin ducks and mallards at the ages of 2 weeks, 4 weeks, 6 weeks and 8 weeks. Twenty fatty acids were detected in duck breast muscle, with palmitic acid (C16:0, 16.6%~ 21.1%), stearic acid (C18:0, 9.8%~ 17.7%), oleic acid (C18:1n-9, 15.7%~ 33.8%), linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, 10.8%~ 18.9%) and arachidonic acid (C20:4n-6, 11.7%~ 28.9%) as the major fatty acids. Our results showed that fatty acid composition was similar between the two breeds before 6 weeks, but the compositions diverged greatly after this point, mainly due to the stronger capacity for C16:0 and C18:1n-9 deposition in Pekin ducks. By comparing the multistage transcriptomes of Pekin ducks and mallards, we identified 2025 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Cluster analysis of these DEGs revealed that the genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid degradation and the PPAR signaling pathway were upregulated in mallard at 8 weeks. Moreover, correlation analysis of the DEGs and fatty acid composition traits suggested that the DEGs involved in lipogenesis, lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation may interact to influence the deposition of fatty acids in duck breast muscle. Conclusions We reported the temporal progression of fatty acid accumulation and the dynamics of the transcriptome in breast muscle of Pekin ducks and mallards. Our results provide insights into the transcriptome regulation of fatty acid accumulation in duck breast muscle, and will facilitate improvements of fatty acid composition in duck breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenlei Fan
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing, 100193, China.,College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China.,College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Hehe Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Qingshi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yaxi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yuming Guo
- College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Baowei Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, 266109, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhengkui Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Shuisheng Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal (Poultry) Genetics Breeding and Reproduction, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs; State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, No. 2 Yuanmingyuan W Rd, Beijing, 100193, China.
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Qi C, Wang X, Han F, Jia Y, Lin Z, Wang C, Lu J, Yang L, Wang X, Li E, Qin JG, Chen L. Arginine supplementation improves growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, Eriocheir sinensis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 93:463-473. [PMID: 31374316 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.07.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 07/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the effects of arginine (Arg) on the growth, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance of juvenile Chinese mitten crab, three diets containing Arg levels at 1.72% (control), 2.73% and 3.72% were formulated and fed to Chinese mitten crab (0.22 ± 0.03 g) for eight weeks. The weight gain, ecdysterone and growth hormone in the serum, relative expression of insulin-like growth factor 2 in the hepatopancreas significantly increased in crabs fed the 2.73% and 3.72% Arg diets. The protein and lipid contents significantly increased in crabs fed the 3.72% Arg diet. The feed conversion ratios in crabs fed the diets with Arg additions were lower than in the control. Arg supplementation also enhanced the antioxidative capacity by increasing the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase and the relative expression of Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 gene in the hepatopancreas, which subsequently decreased malondialdehyde content in the hepatopancreas. Besides, Arg also decreased nitric oxide content in the serum and the activity of nitric oxide synthetase in the hepatopancreas. The relative mRNA levels of crustin, relish, lysozyme and cryptocyanin genes were significantly upregulated by Arg supplementation. The activities of acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase in the serum significantly increased in crabs fed the 3.72% Arg diet than those in the control. Similarly, the relative mRNA levels of crustin, cryptocyanin and proPO genes were significantly upregulated in crabs fed the 2.73% Arg diet after lipopolysaccharide challenge, and in crabs fed the 3.72% Arg diet after the Poly (I:C) challenge. The crabs fed the 2.73% and 3.72% Arg diets had higher survival rate after bacterial infection than those fed the control diet. This study indicates that the addition of Arg to the diet at 2.7-3.7% can improve the growth, survival, antioxidant capacity, immunity and disease resistance in juvenile Chinese mitten crab.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changle Qi
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Xiaodan Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Fenglu Han
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Yongyi Jia
- Agriculture Ministry Key Laboratory of Healthy Freshwater Aquaculture, Key Laboratory of Freshwater Aquaculture Genetic and Breeding of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Institute of Freshwater Fisheries, Huzhou, 313001, China
| | - Zhideng Lin
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Chunling Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Jianting Lu
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Lu Yang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China
| | - Erchao Li
- Department of Aquaculture College of Marine Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou, Hainan, 570228, PR China.
| | - Jian G Qin
- College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, 5001, Australia
| | - Liqiao Chen
- Laboratory of Aquaculture Nutrition and Environmental Health, School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, 200062, PR China.
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Effect of Breed on Transcriptional and Protein Expression of Lipogenic Enzymes in Tail and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue from Two Grazing Breeds of Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9020064. [PMID: 30781423 PMCID: PMC6406757 DOI: 10.3390/ani9020064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary An experiment to determine the effect of sheep breed on subcutaneous fatty acid composition was carried out at the Butalcura Research Station, Chiloé, Chile. To this end, two breeds of lambs were challenged to graze a typical, naturalized pasture of the Chiloé Archipelago, Chile, from 60 d to 120 d after birth. The animals were sacrificed to collect samples from subcutaneous fat (SCF) from the back, and tail fat (TF) to determine the effect of breed on transcriptional expression of lipogenic enzymes and fatty acid profile in these two fat depots. The results showed that although mRNA expression of enzymes was similar in both breeds, there were differences in certain protein levels in the SCF, partially related with the fatty acid profiles, thus affecting the selection of lamb breed either for human consumption or experimental purposes. Abstract This experiment was carried out to determine the effect of breed on mRNA and protein expression levels of lipogenic enzymes acetyl-CoA carboxylase α (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1) plus sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1c (SREBP1c) in the subcutaneous fat (SCF) from the back of the animal, and tail fat (TF) of both Chilota and Suffolk Down lambs grazing Calafatal. Eight Chilota and six Suffolk Down 2-month-old male lambs were allocated to graze a “Calafatal”, a typical secondary succession of Chiloé Archipelago, Chile. After 62 d, lambs were slaughtered according to Chile’s meat industry standards. Fatty acid profile, RT-qPCR, and Western blot analyses from SCF and TF samples were performed. Although the mRNA expression levels of ACC, FAS, SCD1 and SREBP1c in SCF did not differ significantly between breeds (p > 0.05), a trend to higher mRNA expression of FAS and SREBP1c in TF from Chilota lambs was observed (p = 0.06). On the other hand, FAS levels in SCF were higher in Chilota than in Suffolk Down lambs (p < 0.02), although Suffolk Down showed higher fat contents and saturated fatty acid (SFA) proportions than Chilota lambs (p < 0.01). The FAS protein expression in TF was similar in both breeds (p > 0.05). Although the fat content was higher in Suffolk Down than in Chilota lambs (p < 0.01), the SFA proportions were similar in both breeds. Finally, it can be concluded that although mRNA expression of enzymes was similar in both breeds, there were differences in some protein levels in the SCF, partially related with the fatty acid profiles, thus affecting the selection of lamb breed either for human consumption or experimental purposes.
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Wang S, Zhang Y, Xu Q, Yuan X, Dai W, Shen X, Wang Z, Chang G, Wang Z, Chen G. The differentiation of preadipocytes and gene expression related to adipogenesis in ducks (Anas platyrhynchos). PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196371. [PMID: 29771917 PMCID: PMC5957414 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Accepted: 04/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is closely related to adipose tissues in ducks, and adipogenesis is controlled by a complex network of transcription factors tightly acting at different stages of differentiation especially in ducks. The aim of this study was to establish the preadipocyte in vitro culture system and understand the biological characteristics of expansion of duck adipocyte tissue at the cellular and molecular level. We isolated pre-adipocytes from the subcutaneous fat of three breeds of duck and differentiated them into mature adipocytes using a mixture of insulin, rosiglitazone, dexamethasone, 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine, and oleic acid over 0,2, 4, 6, and 8 days. Successful differentiation was confirmed from the development of lipid droplets and their response to Oil Red O, and increasing numbers of lipid droplets were stained red over time. The expression of key marker genes, including peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein-α (C/EBPα), adipocyte fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4), and fatty acid synthetase (FAS), gradually increased during pre-adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, it was verified by interference experiments that the knockdown of PPARγ directly reduced lipid production. Meanwhile we analyzed the role of unsaturated fatty acids in the production of poultry fat using different concentrations of oleic acid and found that lipid droplet deposition was highest when the concentration of oleic acid was 300 μM. We also compared the level of differentiated pre-adipocytes that were isolated from Jianchang ducks (fatty-meat duck), Cherry Valley ducks (lean-meat duck) and White-crested ducks (egg-producing duck). The proliferation and differentiation rate of pre-adipocytes derived from Jianchang ducks was higher than that of White-crested ducks. These results provide the foundation for further research into waterfowl adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoya Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Xiaokun Shen
- Waterfowl Institute of Zhenjiang City, Dantu, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhiquan Wang
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Guohong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics and Breeding and Molecular Design of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
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Betaine promotes lipid accumulation in adipogenic-differentiated skeletal muscle cells through ERK/PPARγ signalling pathway. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 447:137-149. [PMID: 29383561 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-018-3299-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Betaine, a neutral zwitterionic compound, could regulate intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition and meat quality. However, the efficacy is controversial. Moreover, the regulatory mechanism of betaine on lipid metabolism in skeletal muscle cells remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, we examined the effects and regulatory mechanism of betaine on lipid accumulation in adipogenic-differentiated C2C12 cells. We found that adipogenic-induced C2C12 cells treated with 10 mM betaine for 24 and 48 h had more lipid accumulation than the control group. Real-time PCR and Western blot results revealed that betaine treatment did not alter the expression of lipolysis and lipid oxidation-related genes, but dramatically increased the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and its target genes such as fatty acid binding protein 4 (aP2), fatty acid synthase (FAS) and lipoprteinlipase (LPL). Furthermore, betaine combined with PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 treatment showed that betaine elevated C2C12 lipid accumulation through upregulation of PPARγ. Mechanistically, we found that betaine promoted PPARγ expression and lipid accumulation through inhibition of extracellular regulated protein kinases1/2 (ERK1/2) signalling pathway. These results demonstrate that betaine acts through ERK1/2-PPARγ signalling pathway to regulate lipid metabolism in adipogenic-differentiated skeletal muscle cells, which could provide some useful information for controlling muscle lipid accumulation by manipulating ERK1/2 and PPARγ signalling pathway.
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Long term betaine supplementation regulates genes involved in lipid and cholesterol metabolism of two muscles from an obese pig breed. Meat Sci 2017; 124:25-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2016.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Pig fatness in relation to FASN and INSIG2 genes polymorphism and their transcript level. Mol Biol Rep 2016; 43:381-9. [PMID: 26965892 PMCID: PMC4831998 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-016-3969-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Fat content and fatty acid (FA) profile influence meat quality in pigs. These parameters are important for consumers due to their preferences for healthy, high quality meat. The aim of this study was searching for polymorphisms and transcript levels of two positional and functional candidate genes, FASN and INSIG2, encoding proteins which take part in lipid metabolism. The molecular findings were analyzed in relation to fatness traits. Pigs of four commercial breeds were included: Polish Landrace (PL), Polish Large White (PLW), Duroc and Pietrain. DNA sequencing, 5′RACE technique and real time PCR and association analysis were applied. In total, 20 polymorphisms in 5′-flanking, 5′UTR and 3′UTR regions of FASN (12 novel polymorphisms) and INSIG2 (seven novel ones and one known) genes were found. Association study with fatness traits (PL n = 225, PLW n = 179) revealed that four polymorphisms (c.-2908G>A, c.-2335C>T, c.*42_43insCCCCA and c.*264A>G) of the FASN gene were associated with back fat thickness in PL and PLW. Since the polymorphisms were identified in regulatory sequences of the both genes also their transcript levels were studied in PLW (n = 23), PL (n = 22), Pietrain (n = 17) and Duroc (n = 23). The INSIG2 transcript level was positively correlated with monounsaturated FA contents in the longissimus thoracis et lumborum muscle. Several correlations were also found between three polymorphisms (c.*264A>G and c.-2335C>T in FASN, and c.-5527C>G in INSIG2) and the FA content. Our study showed that the FASN gene is a promising marker for subcutaneous fat tissue accumulation, while INSIG2 is a promising marker for FA composition.
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Li H, Wang T, Xu C, Wang D, Ren J, Li Y, Tian Y, Wang Y, Jiao Y, Kang X, Liu X. Transcriptome profile of liver at different physiological stages reveals potential mode for lipid metabolism in laying hens. BMC Genomics 2015; 16:763. [PMID: 26452545 PMCID: PMC4600267 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-015-1943-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Liver is an important metabolic organ that plays a critical role in lipid synthesis, degradation, and transport; however, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of lipid metabolism remain unclear in chicken. In this study, RNA-Seq technology was used to investigate differences in expression profiles of hepatic lipid metabolism-related genes and associated pathways between juvenile and laying hens. The study aimed to broaden the understanding of liver lipid metabolism in chicken, and thereby to help improve laying performance in the poultry industry. Results RNA-Seq analysis was carried out on total RNA harvested from the liver of juvenile (n = 3) and laying (n = 3) hens. Compared with juvenile hens, 2567 differentially expressed genes (1082 up-regulated and 1485 down-regulated) with P ≤ 0.05 were obtained in laying hens, and 960 of these genes were significantly differentially expressed (SDE) at a false discovery rate (FDR) of ≤0.05 and fold-change ≥2 or ≤0.5. In addition, most of the 198 SDE novel genes (91 up-regulated and 107 down-regulated) were discovered highly expressed, and 332 SDE isoforms were identified. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) pathway analysis showed that the SDE genes were most enrichment in steroid biosynthesis, PPAR signaling pathway, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, glycerophospholipid metabolism, three amino acid pathways, and pyruvate metabolism (P ≤ 0.05). The top significantly enriched GO terms among the SDE genes included lipid biosynthesis, cholesterol and sterol metabolic, and oxidation reduction, indicating that principal lipogenesis occurred in the liver of laying hens. Conclusions This study suggests that the majority of changes at the transcriptome level in laying hen liver were closely related to fat metabolism. Some of the SDE uncharacterized novel genes and alternative splicing isoforms that were detected might also take part in lipid metabolism, although this needs further investigation. This study provides valuable information about the expression profiles of mRNAs from chicken liver, and in-depth functional investigations of these mRNAs could provide new insights into the molecular networks of lipid metabolism in chicken liver. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-015-1943-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Taian Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Chunlin Xu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Dandan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Junxiao Ren
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yanmin Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yadong Tian
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yanbin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Yuping Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xiangtao Kang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,Henan Innovative Engineering Research Center of Poultry Germplasm Resource, Zhengzhou, 450002, China. .,International Joint Research Laboratory for Poultry Breeding of Henan, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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Xu X, Wei X, Yang Y, Niu W, Kou Q, Wang X, Chen Y. mRNA transcription and protein expression of PPARγ, FAS, and HSL in different parts of the carcass between fat-tailed and thin-tailed sheep. ELECTRON J BIOTECHN 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejbt.2015.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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15
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Zou L, Liu B. Identification of a Serum amyloid A gene and the association of SNPs with Vibrio-resistance and growth traits in the clam Meretrix meretrix. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 43:301-309. [PMID: 25602707 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Serum amyloid A (SAA), an acute response protein as well as an apolipoprotein, is considered to play crucial roles in both innate immunity and lipid metabolism. In this study, a SAA gene (MmSAA) was identified in the clam Meretrix meretrix. The full length DNA of MmSAA was 1407bp, consisting of three exons and two introns. The distribution of MmSAA in clam tissues was examined with the highest expression in hepatopancreas. In response to the Vibrio parahaemolyticus challenge, MmSAA mRNA showed significantly higher expression at 24 h post-challenge in experimental clams (P < 0.05). Forty-eight single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DNA partial sequence of MmSAA were discovered and examined for their association with Vibrio-resistance and growth traits, respectively. The single SNP association analysis indicated that five single SNPs (g.42, g.72, g.82, g.147 and g.165) were significantly associated with Vibrio-resistance (P < 0.05). Haplotype analysis produced additional support for association with the Chi-square values 6.393 (P = 0.012). Among the five selected SNPs, the effect of a missense mutation (g.82, A → G) was detected by site-directed mutagenesis with fusion expression of protein assay, and the result showed that the recombinant plasmids containing wild-type pET30a-MmSAA had more inhibition effect than the mutant ones on the growth rate of the host bacteria. In addition, four growth traits of the clams in 09G3SPSB population were recorded and the SNP g.176 was found to be significantly associated with the growth traits with the Global score value 0.790 (P = 0.015). Our findings suggested that common genetic variation in MmSAA might contribute to the risk of susceptibility to Vibrio infection and might be associated with the growth traits in the clams M. meretrix, and more works are still needed to validate these SNPs as potential markers for actual selective breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhu Zou
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Baozhong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Experimental Marine Biology, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
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16
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Wu G, Shi X, Zhou J, Wang L, Li Y, Song C, Xiang A, Dong P, Sun S. Differential expression of meat quality and intramuscular fat deposition related genes in Hanjiang black pigs. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2014; 46:1087-90. [PMID: 25267723 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmu087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Guofang Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Xin'e Shi
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Jiping Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Chengchuang Song
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Aoqi Xiang
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Peiyue Dong
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
| | - Shiduo Sun
- Qinghai Academy of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China
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Stachowiak M, Szydlowski M, Flisikowski K, Flisikowska T, Bartz M, Schnieke A, Switonski M. Polymorphism in 3' untranslated region of the pig PPARA gene influences its transcript level and is associated with adipose tissue accumulation. J Anim Sci 2014; 92:2363-71. [PMID: 24671595 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2013-7509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The PPARA (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α) gene encodes a nuclear receptor that plays an important role in fatty acid catabolism by transcriptional regulation of genes involved in fatty acid oxidation and can be considered as a candidate gene for fatness traits in the pig. The aim of the study was to search for a functional polymorphism in 3' untranslated region (UTR), their association with production traits, and postnatal PPARA transcript level in 2 skeletal muscles (longissimus and semimembranosus) of 5 commercial pig breeds (Polish Landrace [PL], Polish Large White [PLW], Duroc, Pietrain, and Pulawska). Altogether, 9 novel polymorphisms (8 SNP and 1 indel) were found in the 3' UTR. The in silico analysis revealed 6 putative microRNA target sequences in the analyzed region. The c.*636A>G substitution was widely distributed across breeds and located near the putative target sequence for miR-224. The relative PPARA transcript level was higher (P < 0.05) in LM of AA than in those of GG homozygous animals for SNP c.*636A>G. The luciferase assay revealed that miR-224 probably acts as a negative regulator of the PPARA expression in pig adipocytes (P = 2.9 × 10(-7)), but we did not observe the effect of the A or G alleles on the interaction between miR-224 and its putative target sequence. We hypothesize that the 2 predominant haplotypes, differing at 4 sites (including c.*636A>G), present different architecture of its 3' UTR and it could affect the level of the transcript. The c.*636A>G SNP, analyzed in PL and PLW, was significantly associated with backfat thickness at 3 points (P < 0.05) and intramuscular fat content (P < 0.01) in PL. Suggestive associations were found between 4 SNP (c.*321A>C, c.*324G>C, c.*626T>C, and c.*636A>G) and fatty acid contents in LM and subcutaneous and visceral fat tissue of PL, PLW, Duroc and Pietrain pigs. The PPARA mRNA level was higher in semimembranosus muscle than in LM (P = 8.38 × 10(-12)) in a general comparison and the same trend was found in most breeds (except for PL) and at all tested days of age (60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 210 d). The effect of breed was highly significant in a general comparison (P = 0.48 × 10(-8)), but there was no common expression pattern in both muscles among different age groups. We conclude that the c.*636A>G SNP in the PPARA gene can be considered in PL breed as a useful genetic marker for adipose tissue accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Stachowiak
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Szydlowski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - K Flisikowski
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - T Flisikowska
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M Bartz
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
| | - A Schnieke
- Chair of Livestock Biotechnology, Technische Universität München, Liesel-Beckmann-Str. 1, 85354, Freising, Germany
| | - M Switonski
- Department of Genetics and Animal Breeding, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wolynska 33, 60-637 Poznan, Poland
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Analysis of porcine adipose tissue transcriptome reveals differences in de novo fatty acid synthesis in pigs with divergent muscle fatty acid composition. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:843. [PMID: 24289474 PMCID: PMC3879068 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Accepted: 11/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In pigs, adipose tissue is one of the principal organs involved in the regulation of lipid metabolism. It is particularly involved in the overall fatty acid synthesis with consequences in other lipid-target organs such as muscles and the liver. With this in mind, we have used massive, parallel high-throughput sequencing technologies to characterize the porcine adipose tissue transcriptome architecture in six Iberian x Landrace crossbred pigs showing extreme phenotypes for intramuscular fatty acid composition (three per group). Results High-throughput RNA sequencing was used to generate a whole characterization of adipose tissue (backfat) transcriptome. A total of 4,130 putative unannotated protein-coding sequences were identified in the 20% of reads which mapped in intergenic regions. Furthermore, 36% of the unmapped reads were represented by interspersed repeats, SINEs being the most abundant elements. Differential expression analyses identified 396 candidate genes among divergent animals for intramuscular fatty acid composition. Sixty-two percent of these genes (247/396) presented higher expression in the group of pigs with higher content of intramuscular SFA and MUFA, while the remaining 149 showed higher expression in the group with higher content of PUFA. Pathway analysis related these genes to biological functions and canonical pathways controlling lipid and fatty acid metabolisms. In concordance with the phenotypic classification of animals, the major metabolic pathway differentially modulated between groups was de novo lipogenesis, the group with more PUFA being the one that showed lower expression of lipogenic genes. Conclusions These results will help in the identification of genetic variants at loci that affect fatty acid composition traits. The implications of these results range from the improvement of porcine meat quality traits to the application of the pig as an animal model of human metabolic diseases.
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Stachowiak M, Nowacka-Woszuk J, Szydlowski M, Switonski M. The ACACA and SREBF1 genes are promising markers for pig carcass and performance traits, but not for fatty acid content in the longissimus dorsi muscle and adipose tissue. Meat Sci 2013; 95:64-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2013.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 02/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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20
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Mandard S, Patsouris D. Nuclear control of the inflammatory response in mammals by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. PPAR Res 2013; 2013:613864. [PMID: 23577023 PMCID: PMC3614066 DOI: 10.1155/2013/613864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors that play pivotal roles in the regulation of a very large number of biological processes including inflammation. Using specific examples, this paper focuses on the interplay between PPARs and innate immunity/inflammation and, when possible, compares it among species. We focus on recent discoveries establishing how inflammation and PPARs interact in the context of obesity-induced inflammation and type 2 diabetes, mostly in mouse and humans. We illustrate that PPAR γ ability to alleviate obesity-associated inflammation raises an interesting pharmacologic potential. In the light of recent findings, the protective role of PPAR α and PPAR β / δ against the hepatic inflammatory response is also addressed. While PPARs agonists are well-established agents that can treat numerous inflammatory issues in rodents and humans, surprisingly very little has been described in other species. We therefore also review the implication of PPARs in inflammatory bowel disease; acute-phase response; and central, cardiac, and endothelial inflammation and compare it along different species (mainly mouse, rat, human, and pig). In the light of the data available in the literature, there is no doubt that more studies concerning the impact of PPAR ligands in livestock should be undertaken because it may finally raise unconsidered health and sanitary benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphane Mandard
- Centre de Recherche INSERM-UMR866 “Lipides, Nutrition, Cancer” Faculté de Médecine, Université de Bourgogne 7, Boulevard Jeanne d'Arc, 21079 Dijon Cedex, France
| | - David Patsouris
- Laboratoire CarMeN, UMR INSERM U1060/INRA 1235, Université Lyon 1, Faculté de Médecine Lyon Sud, 165 Chemin du Grand Revoyet, 69921 Oullins, France
- Department of Chemical Physiology, The Scripps Research Institute, MB-24, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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21
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Differential effects of reduced protein diets on fatty acid composition and gene expression in muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue of Alentejana purebred and Large White × Landrace × Pietrain crossbred pigs. Br J Nutr 2013; 110:216-29. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114512004916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The present study assessed the effect of pig genotype (fatty v. lean) and dietary protein and lysine (Lys) levels (normal v. reduced) on intramuscular fat (IMF) content, subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) deposition, fatty acid composition and mRNA levels of genes controlling lipid metabolism. The experiment was conducted on sixty intact male pigs (thirty Alentejana purebred and thirty Large White × Landrace × Pietrain crossbred), from 60 to 93 kg of live weight. Animals were divided into three groups fed with the following diets: control diet equilibrated for Lys (17·5 % crude protein (CP) and 0·7 % Lys), reduced protein diet (RPD) equilibrated for Lys (13·2 % CP and 0·6 % Lys) and RPD not equilibrated for Lys (13·1 % CP and 0·4 % Lys). It was shown that the RPD increased fat deposition in the longissimus lumborum muscle in the lean but not in the fatty pig genotype. It is strongly suggested that the effect of RPD on the longissimus lumborum muscle of crossbred pigs is mediated via Lys restriction. The increase in IMF content under the RPD was accompanied by increased stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) and PPARG mRNA levels. RPD did not alter backfat thickness, but increased the total fatty acid content in both lean and fatty pig genotype. The higher amount of SAT in fatty pigs, when compared with the lean ones, was associated with the higher expression levels of ACACA, CEBPA, FASN and SCD genes. Taken together, the data indicate that the mechanisms regulating fat deposition in pigs are genotype and tissue specific, and are associated with the expression regulation of the key lipogenic genes.
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22
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Wu T, Zhang Z, Yuan Z, Lo LJ, Chen J, Wang Y, Peng J. Distinctive genes determine different intramuscular fat and muscle fiber ratios of the longissimus dorsi muscles in Jinhua and landrace pigs. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53181. [PMID: 23301040 PMCID: PMC3536781 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is determined by properties such as carcass color, tenderness and drip loss. These properties are closely associated with meat composition, which includes the types of muscle fiber and content of intramuscular fat (IMF). Muscle fibers are the main contributors to meat mass, while IMF not only contributes to the sensory properties but also to the plethora of physical, chemical and technological properties of meat. However, little is known about the molecular mechanisms that determine meat composition in different pig breeds. In this report we show that Jinhua pigs, a Chinese breed, contains much higher levels of IMF than do Landrace pigs, a Danish breed. We analyzed global gene expression profiles in the longissimus dorsi muscles in Jinhua and Landrace breeds at the ages of 30, 90 and 150 days. Cross-comparison analysis revealed that genes that regulate fatty acid biosynthesis (e.g., fatty acid synthase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase) are expressed at higher levels in Jinhua pigs whereas those that regulate myogenesis (e.g., myogenic factor 6 and forkhead box O1) are expressed at higher levels in Landrace pigs. Among those genes which are highly expressed in Jinhua pigs at 90 days (d90), we identified a novel gene porcine FLJ36031 (pFLJ), which functions as a positive regulator of fat deposition in cultured intramuscular adipocytes. In summary, our data showed that the up-regulation of fatty acid biosynthesis regulatory genes such as pFLJ and myogenesis inhibitory genes such as myostatin in the longissimus dorsi muscles of Jinhua pigs could explain why this local breed produces meat with high levels of IMF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenhai Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Zhangqin Yuan
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Jan Lo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jun Chen
- College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yizhen Wang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrong Peng
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Animal Nutrition, Ministry of Education, College of Animal Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Zhao SM, Li WZ, Pan HB, Huang Y, Yang MH, Wei HJ, Gao SZ. Expression levels of candidate genes for intramuscular fat deposition in two Banna mini-pig inbred lines divergently selected for fatness traits. Genet Mol Biol 2012; 35:783-9. [PMID: 23271939 PMCID: PMC3526086 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572012005000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2011] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) content plays an important role in meat quality. Many genes involved in lipid and energy metabolism were identified as candidate genes for IMF deposition, since genetic polymorphisms within these genes were associated with IMF content. However, there is less information on the expression levels of these genes in the muscle tissue. This study aimed at investigating the expression levels of sterol regulating element binding protein-1c (SREBP-1c), diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT-1), heart-fatty acids binding protein (H-FABP), leptin receptor (LEPR) and melanocortin 4 receptor (MC4R) genes and proteins in two divergent Banna mini-pig inbred lines (BMIL). A similar growth performance was found in both the fat and the lean BMIL. The fat meat and IMF content in the fat BMIL were significantly higher than in the lean BMIL, but the lean meat content was lower. The serum triacylglycerol (TAG) and free fatty acid (FFA) contents were significantly higher in the fat than in the lean BMIL. The expression levels of SREBP-1c, DGAT-1 and H-FABP genes and proteins in fat BMIL were increased compared to the lean BMIL. However, the expression levels of LEPR and MC4R genes and proteins were lower.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su-Mei Zhao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
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24
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Wang W, Xue W, Zhou X, Zhang L, Wu J, Qu L, Jin B, Zhang X, Ma F, Xu X. Effects of candidate genes' polymorphisms on meat quality traits in pigs. ACTA AGR SCAND A-AN 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/09064702.2013.765907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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25
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Li Q, Tao Z, Shi L, Ban D, Zhang B, Yang Y, Zhang H, Wu C. Expression and genome polymorphism of ACSL1 gene in different pig breeds. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:8787-92. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1741-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2011] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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26
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Khesht FA, Hassanabadi A. Effects of sterol regulatory element-binding protein (SREBP) in chickens. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:20. [PMID: 22309629 PMCID: PMC3305589 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Sterol regulatory element binding protein- 1 and -2 (SREBP-1 and -2) are key transcription factors involved in the biosynthesis of cholesterol and fatty acids. The SREBP have mostly been studied in rodents in which lipogenesis is regulated in both liver and adipose tissue. There is, though, a paucity of information on birds, in which lipogenesis occurs essentially in the liver as in humans. Since a prelude to the investigation of the role of SREBP in lipid metabolism regulation in chicken, we review Size and Tissue expression Pattern of SREBP and role of this protein in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahimeh Alipour Khesht
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran.
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Jon Meadus W, Duff P, Rolland D, Lynn Aalhus J, Uttaro B, Russell Dugan ME. Feeding docosahexaenoic acid to pigs reduces blood triglycerides and induces gene expression for fat oxidation. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2011. [DOI: 10.4141/cjas2011-055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Meadus, W. J., Duff, P., Rolland, D., Aalhus, J. L., Uttaro, B., and Dugan, M. E. R. 2011. Feeding docosahexaenoic acid to pigs reduces triglycerides in blood and induces gene expression for fat oxidation in liver and adipose but not in muscle. Can. J. Anim. Sci. 91: 601–612. The essential fatty acids required in diets of humans are linoleic acid (18:2n-6:LA) and α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3: ALA), and these can be elongated and desaturated to form long-chain omega-6 or omega-3, respectively. Even though not considered essential, consumption of long-chain omega-3 fatty acid is recommended for health benefits, including protection against cardiovascular disease. The omega-3 fatty acid, docosahexanoic acid (DHA), was supplemented in pig diets as a dried biomass of the microalgae Schizochytrium to see if there are unique physiological changes associated with DHA feeding. Pigs were fed a diet with 330 mg (low), 3600 mg (medium) or 9400 mg (high) DHA per day for the last 25 d before slaughter at market weight (∼110 kg). Blood triglycerides (TG) were assayed colormetrically and tissue samples were analyzed for gene expression patterns of RNA by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Fatty acids were analyzed by gas chromatography. Animal performance appeared to increase with DHA, as shown by a 14% improved feed:gain ratio of 2.74±0.27 (P<0.05). Blood triglycerides were reduced significantly from 0.40±0.23 mM to 0.20±0.09 mM. Pigs accumulated 14 times more DHA in their subcutaneous fat (SQ) (10.67 mg g−1) on the high diet compared with the control diet (0.75 mg g−1). Gene analysis showed that the expression of the fat oxidation biomarkers acyl CoA oxidase 1 (ACOX1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors alpha (PPARα) and gamma (PPARγ) were stimulated in the SQ and liver. The delta-6 desaturase (D6D) and elongase (Elov5), which are genes involved in the endogenous synthesis of DHA, were unchanged. Fatty acid synthase (FASN) was stimulated in the liver and muscle of pigs on the high DHA diet. Analysis of gene transcription activity suggested fat metabolism was stimulated in the liver and SQ fat, but the genes involved in the endogenous production of DHA remained unchanged.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Jon Meadus
- Lacombe Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Pascale Duff
- Lacombe Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Dave Rolland
- Lacombe Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Jennifer Lynn Aalhus
- Lacombe Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
| | - Bethany Uttaro
- Lacombe Research Center, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, Alberta, Canada T4L 1W1
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Tan B, Yin Y, Liu Z, Tang W, Xu H, Kong X, Li X, Yao K, Gu W, Smith SB, Wu G. Dietary l-arginine supplementation differentially regulates expression of lipid-metabolic genes in porcine adipose tissue and skeletal muscle. J Nutr Biochem 2011; 22:441-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2010.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2009] [Revised: 03/09/2010] [Accepted: 03/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ringseis R, Heller K, Kluge H, Eder K. mRNA expression of genes involved in fatty acid utilization in skeletal muscle and white adipose tissues of sows during lactation. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2011; 158:450-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2010.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Revised: 12/01/2010] [Accepted: 12/01/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Halsey CHC, Weber PS, Reiter SS, Stronach BN, Bartosh JL, Bergen WG. The effect of ractopamine hydrochloride on gene expression in adipose tissues of finishing pigs1. J Anim Sci 2011; 89:1011-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2010-3269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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31
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Dodson MV, Hausman GJ, Guan L, Du M, Rasmussen TP, Poulos SP, Mir P, Bergen WG, Fernyhough ME, McFarland DC, Rhoads RP, Soret B, Reecy JM, Velleman SG, Jiang Z. Lipid metabolism, adipocyte depot physiology and utilization of meat animals as experimental models for metabolic research. Int J Biol Sci 2010; 6:691-9. [PMID: 21103072 PMCID: PMC2990072 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.6.691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Meat animals are unique as experimental models for both lipid metabolism and adipocyte studies because of their direct economic value for animal production. This paper discusses the principles that regulate adipogenesis in major meat animals (beef cattle, dairy cattle, and pigs), the definition of adipose depot-specific regulation of lipid metabolism or adipogenesis, and introduces the potential value of these animals as models for metabolic research including mammary biology and the ontogeny of fatty livers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael V Dodson
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA.
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Parra V, Petrón MJ, Martín L, Broncano JM, Timón ML. Modification of the fat composition of the Iberian pig using
Bacillus licheniformis
and
Bacillus subtilis. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.200900155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vita Parra
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Jesús Petrón
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Lourdes Martín
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Julio Manuel Broncano
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
| | - María Luisa Timón
- Department of Animal Production and Food Science, Escuela de Ingenierías Agrarias, Universidad de Extremadura, Badajoz, Spain
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Differential Expression of Lipid Metabolism Related Genes in Porcine Muscle Tissue Leading to Different Intramuscular Fat Deposition. Lipids 2009; 44:1029-37. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 09/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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34
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The Effect of Linseed on Intramuscular Fat Content and Adipogenesis Related Genes in Skeletal Muscle of Pigs. Lipids 2009; 44:999-1010. [DOI: 10.1007/s11745-009-3346-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2009] [Accepted: 09/03/2009] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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35
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Spielmann J, Kluge H, Stangl GI, Eder K. Hypolipidaemic effects of potato protein and fish protein in pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2009; 93:400-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2008.00819.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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36
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Duration of dietary linseed feeding affects the intramuscular fat, muscle mass and fatty acid composition in pig muscle. Livest Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2008.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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37
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Weber TE, Kerr BJ, Spurlock ME. Regulation of hepatic peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α expression but not adiponectin by dietary protein in finishing pigs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2008; 92:569-77. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0396.2007.00750.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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38
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Tan B, Yin Y, Liu Z, Li X, Xu H, Kong X, Huang R, Tang W, Shinzato I, Smith SB, Wu G. Dietary l-arginine supplementation increases muscle gain and reduces body fat mass in growing-finishing pigs. Amino Acids 2008; 37:169-75. [DOI: 10.1007/s00726-008-0148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2008] [Accepted: 07/12/2008] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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39
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Chen CH, Wang PH, Liu BH, Hsu HH, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. Serum amyloid A protein regulates the expression of porcine genes related to lipid metabolism. J Nutr 2008; 138:674-9. [PMID: 18356319 DOI: 10.1093/jn/138.4.674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum amyloid A protein (SAA) is an apolipoprotein that can replace apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1) as the major apolipoprotein of HDL. Porcine hepatic SAA mRNA is increased by dietary docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of SAA protein in regulating gene expression related to lipid metabolism in pigs. First, we demonstrated that the 100-micromol/L DHA treatment increased SAA and apoA1 mRNA expression in porcine hepatic cell cultures (P < 0.05). Secondly, we produced porcine SAA recombinant protein and found that the addition of SAA to porcine preadipocytes in culture stimulated interleukin-6 (IL-6) mRNA expression (P < 0.05), indicating a similar biological function of porcine SAA and human SAA. We also found PPARalpha and PPARgamma mRNA were decreased (40 and 60%, respectively) in differentiated adipocytes after treatment with 2 mumol/L SAA. SAA treatment also increased inflammatory cytokine gene expression (IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha) and glycerol release (P < 0.05), indicating increased lipolysis. Because the expression of perilipin, a lipid droplet-protective protein, was reduced by the SAA treatment, we hypothesized that SAA increased lipolysis by decreasing the expression of perilipin, which would then allow an increase in hormone sensitive lipase activity. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the DHA-induced SAA gene expression decreased PPAR expression and consequently downregulated the expression of several genes involved in lipid metabolism. Accordingly, SAA may play a critical role in mediating the function of dietary DHA on lipid metabolism and could be a factor in regulating obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia H Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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40
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Bernard L, Leroux C, Chilliard Y. Expression and nutritional regulation of lipogenic genes in the ruminant lactating mammary gland. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2008; 606:67-108. [PMID: 18183925 DOI: 10.1007/978-0-387-74087-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
The effect of nutrition on milk fat yield and composition has largely been investigated in cows and goats, with some differences for fatty acid (FA) composition responses and marked species differences in milk fat yield response. Recently, the characterization of lipogenic genes in ruminant species allowed in vivo studies focused on the effect of nutrition on mammary expression of these genes, in cows (mainly fed milk fat-depressing diets) and goats (fed lipid-supplemented diets). These few studies demonstrated some similarities in the regulation of gene expression between the two species, although the responses were not always in agreement with milk FA secretion responses. A central role for trans-10 C18:1 and trans-10, cis-12 CLA as regulators of milk fat synthesis has been proposed. However, trans-10 C18:1 does not directly control milk fat synthesis in cows, despite the fact that it largely responds to dietary factors, with its concentration being negatively correlated with milk fat yield response in cows and, to a lesser extent, in goats. Milk trans-10, cis-12 CLA is often correlated with milk fat depression in cows but not in goats and, when postruminally infused, acts as an inhibitor of the expression of key lipogenic genes in cows. Recent evidence has also proven the inhibitory effect of the trans-9, cis-11 CLA isomer. The molecular mechanisms by which nutrients regulate lipogenic gene expression have yet to be well identified, but a central role for SREBP-1 has been outlined as mediator of FA effects, whereas the roles of PPARs and STAT5 need to be determined. It is expected that the development of in vitro functional systems for lipid synthesis and secretion will allow future progress toward (1) the identification of the inhibitors and activators of fat synthesis, (2) the knowledge of cellular mechanisms, and (3) the understanding of differences between ruminant species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bernard
- Adipose Tissue and Milk Lipid Laboratory, Herbivore Research Unit, INRA-Theix, 63 122 St Genès-Champanelle, France.
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41
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Yu YH, Wu SC, Cheng WTK, Mersmann HJ, Ding ST. Ectopic expression of porcine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ regulates adipogenesis in mouse myoblasts1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:64-72. [PMID: 17878286 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2007-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) plays a critical role in regulating adipogenesis. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPARdelta) precedes that of PPARgamma during adipocyte differentiation in rodents. The current experiment was designed to study the function of porcine PPARdelta and the interaction of PPARdelta and PPARgamma in adipocyte differentiation. Inhibition of myogenesis was observed in mouse myoblasts expressing porcine PPARdelta, similar to myoblasts expressing PPARgamma. Treatment of myoblasts expressing PPARdelta with ligands for both PPARdelta and PPARgamma enhanced lipogenesis and adipogenesis to a greater extent than treatment with a PPARgamma ligand alone, suggesting that both genes were involved in regulating lipogenesis and adipogenesis. The ability to transdifferentiate myoblasts into adipocytes was decreased in myoblasts coexpressing PPARdelta with either wild type or mutated PPARgamma (Ser 112 was mutated to Ala; the mutated PPARgamma is more active than the wild type) compared with myoblasts expressing PPARgamma alone. Adipocyte differentiation in myoblasts coexpressing PPARdelta and mutated PPARgamma was greater than in myoblasts coexpressing PPARdelta and wild type PPARgamma, confirming that Ser 112 is important for the function of PPARgamma. Taken together, our results demonstrate that overexpression of PPARdelta inhibits myotube formation and also enhances adipocyte differentiation. However, the complexity and interaction of PPARdelta and PPARgamma in adipogenesis are not clearly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Yu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology/Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan
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42
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Developmental Changes of the FAS and HSL mRNA Expression and Their Effects on the Content of Intramuscular Fat in Kazak and Xinjiang Sheep. J Genet Genomics 2007; 34:909-17. [DOI: 10.1016/s1673-8527(07)60102-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2006] [Accepted: 01/13/2007] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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43
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Brigadeau F, Gelé P, Wibaux M, Marquié C, Martin-Nizard F, Torpier G, Fruchart JC, Staels B, Duriez P, Lacroix D. The PPARalpha activator fenofibrate slows down the progression of the left ventricular dysfunction in porcine tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 2007; 49:408-15. [PMID: 17577106 DOI: 10.1097/fjc.0b013e3180544540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
It has been reported that high intramyocardial peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) stimulation or overexpression altered cardiac contractile function in mouse models of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure. Nevertheless, it has never been demonstrated that clinically relevant doses of drugs stimulating PPARalpha activity such as fenofibrate increase the risk to develop heart failure in humans. To determine if fenofibrate accelerates the development of heart failure in large mammals, we have tested its effects on the progression of left ventricular dysfunction in pacing-induced heart failure in pigs. Fenofibrate treatment blunted reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction, reduced cardiac hypertrophy, and attenuated clinical signs of heart failure. Fenofibrate impeded the increase in atrial natriuretic peptide, brain natriuretic peptide, and endothelin-1 plasma levels. The expression of PPARalpha, fatty acyl-CoA-oxidase, and carnitine palmitoyltransferase-Ibeta was reduced at mRNA levels in the left ventricle from untreated heart failure pigs but maintained near normal values with fenofibrate. Fenofibrate prevented heart failure-induced overexpression of TNFalpha mRNA and enhanced catalase activity in left ventricle compared to placebo. These data suggest that a clinically relevant dose of fenofibrate does not accelerate but slows down heart failure development in the model of pacing-induced heart failure in large mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- François Brigadeau
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology EA 1046, University Hospital of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Lille 2, Lille, France
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44
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Luci S, Giemsa B, Kluge H, Eder K. Clofibrate causes an upregulation of PPAR-α target genes but does not alter expression of SREBP target genes in liver and adipose tissue of pigs. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2007; 293:R70-7. [PMID: 17363680 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00603.2006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of clofibrate treatment on expression of target genes of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α and various genes of the lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue of pigs. An experiment with 18 pigs was performed in which pigs were fed either a control diet or the same diet supplemented with 5 g clofibrate/kg for 28 days. Pigs treated with clofibrate had heavier livers, moderately increased mRNA concentrations of various PPAR-α target genes in liver and adipose tissue, a higher concentration of 3-hydroxybutyrate, and markedly lower concentrations of triglycerides and cholesterol in plasma and lipoproteins than control pigs ( P < 0.05). mRNA concentrations of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins (SREBP)-1 and -2, insulin-induced genes ( Insig) -1 and Insig-2, and the SREBP target genes acetyl-CoA carboxylase, 3-methyl-3-hydroxyglutaryl-CoA reductase, and low-density lipoprotein receptor in liver and adipose tissue and mRNA concentrations of apolipoproteins A-I, A-II, and C-III in the liver were not different between both groups of pigs. In conclusion, this study shows that clofibrate treatment activates PPAR-α in liver and adipose tissue and has a strong hypotriglyceridemic and hypocholesterolemic effect in pigs. The finding that mRNA concentrations of some proteins responsible for the hypolipidemic action of fibrates in humans were not altered suggests that there were certain differences in the mode of action compared with humans. It is also shown that PPAR-α activation by clofibrate does not affect hepatic expression of SREBP target genes involved in synthesis of triglycerides and cholesterol homeostasis in liver and adipose tissue of pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Luci
- Institut für Agrar- und Ernährungswissenschaften, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Emil-Abderhalden-Strasse 26, D-06108 Halle/Saale, Germany
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45
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Reiter SS, Halsey CHC, Stronach BM, Bartosh JL, Owsley WF, Bergen WG. Lipid metabolism related gene-expression profiling in liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue in crossbred Duroc and Pietrain Pigs. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY D-GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2007; 2:200-6. [PMID: 20483293 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2006] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Body-weight differences in animals may be ascribed to genetic and environmental factors. Here we utilized two divergent porcine genotypes, the highly muscled, leaner PietrianxYorkshire pigs and less muscled, fatter DurocxYorkshire growing pigs (75-110 kg), to examine the role of genetic background on expression of genes associated with anabolic (Fatty acid synthase, FAS; glucose transporter 4, GLUT-4; stearoyl CoA desaturase, SCD; Sterol regulatory binding protein-1, SREBP-1; leptin) and catabolic lipid metabolism (Carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1B, CPT-1B; acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, ACDH) in adipose tissue (AT), liver (L) and skeletal muscle (SKM). Pietrain pigs had lower mRNA abundance for FAS, SREBP-1, SCD and leptin in AT and L, but higher mRNA abundance for L ACDH and SKM ACDH and CPT-1B than Durocs. Duroc pigs exhibited higher expression of FAS, SREBP-1, SCD, leptin in AT and FAS in L and lower expression of ACDH and CPT-1B in L SKM. GLUT-4 expression did not differ in SKM between the two genotypes. Feeding of a beta adrenergic agonist (Paylean) for 52 days lowered expression of lipid anabolic and enhanced lipid catabolic genes expressions similarly in both genotypes. Overall, the lipid metabolism genes differential expression patterns documented here showed that in Pietrain pigs mRNA abundances of synthesis genes were lower and of catabolic genes were higher than in Duroc pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S Reiter
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Biosciences, Department of Animal Sciences, Auburn University, AL 36849-5415, USA
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46
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Effect of the Iberian×Duroc reciprocal cross on productive parameters, meat quality and lipogenic enzyme activities. Meat Sci 2007; 76:86-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2006.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2006] [Revised: 07/05/2006] [Accepted: 10/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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47
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Nishii N, Takasu M, Soe OK, Maeda S, Ohba Y, Inoue-Murayama M, Kitagawa H. Cloning, expression and investigation for polymorphisms of canine peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2007; 147:690-7. [PMID: 17512769 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2007.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2007] [Revised: 04/12/2007] [Accepted: 04/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors implicated in lipid metabolism. In this study, the full-length cDNA of canine PPARbeta and gamma were sequenced, and expression of PPARs was evaluated in normal tissues and primary cultures of adipocytes in dogs, followed by investigations for polymorphisms of canine PPARgamma. Comparison of the deduced amino acid sequences of canine PPARbeta and gamma cDNA with that of human PPARbeta and gamma cDNA revealed 95.9% and 98.2% identity, respectively. PPARbeta expression was ubiquitous and high PPARgamma expression was detected in the subcutaneous and omental adipose tissues, spleen and large intestine. Canine PPARgamma mRNA expression in cultured adipocytes began to increase from 4 days after induction of differentiation, and increased nearly ninefold within 10 days after induction of differentiation. Although expression level of PPARalpha was low in the cultured adipocytes, it slightly increased within 10 days. In contrast, expression of PPARbeta showed only small variations during adipocyte differentiation, though expression levels were relatively high. These results suggest that PPARgamma may play an important role in adipocyte differentiation in dogs. Investigations for polymorphisms of PPARgamma revealed a silent polymorphism, C1362T, in 3 of 92 dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohito Nishii
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, Japan
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48
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Chin HJ, Ko YH, Shen TF, Ding ST. The effect of dietary docosahexaenoic acid on the expression of lipogenic genes in broilers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1071/ar05399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objectives of this work were to determine the effects of dietary fungal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on tissue DHA concentration and lipogenic gene expression in broilers. A fungal (SR-21) meal product containing 31.5% total fat and 32.7% DHA (% of total fatty acids) was fed to chicken broilers at 0, 1, or 3% for 3 weeks. A diet with 1% DHA oil (containing 40% DHA) was also fed to chicken broilers as a positive control. Dietary fungal meal supplementation (3%) improved daily weight gain, food intake, and feed conversion ratio. The fungal meal supplementation increased dietary DHA content and consequently increased the DHA content in plasma, breast muscle (Pectoralis major), and livers in the broilers. The plasma triacylglycerol concentration was decreased by the supplementation of dietary DHA. The data indicate that the dietary DHA treatment modified certain aspects of the lipid metabolism, especially pathways related to triacylglycerol synthesis. Indeed, both the 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments decreased the hepatic lipogenic transcription factor sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) mRNA relative abundance, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases SREBP1 gene functions. The relative mRNA abundance of the de novo fatty acid synthesis genes, fatty acid synthase and acetyl coenzyme A carboxylase, was reduced by 1% DHA oil and 3% fungal meal treatments, suggesting that dietary DHA supplementation decreases lipogenesis in the livers of the broilers. Taken together, the fungal meal is a suitable dietary supplement to increase tissue DHA content and reduce the expression of hepatic lipogenic genes in broilers.
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49
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Lord E, Murphy BD, Desmarais JA, Ledoux S, Beaudry D, Palin MF. Modulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta and gamma transcripts in swine endometrial tissue during early gestation. Reproduction 2006; 131:929-42. [PMID: 16672357 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Recent evidence points to a role for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) delta and gamma in embryo implantation and survival. In this study, we report the porcine PPARdelta complete coding sequence and mRNA abundance of PPARdelta, PPARgamma1 and gamma2, angiopoietin-like protein 4 (ANGPTL4) and adipocyte determination and differentiation-dependent factor 1 (ADD1) genes in the pregnant sow endometrium. Real-time PCR analysis was used to study the effect of parity (Yorkshire-Landrace multiparous (YL) and nulliparous (YLn)), site of endometrial tissue sampling (between and at embryo attachment sites) in crossbred DurocxYorkshire-Landrace (DYL) sows and stages of pregnancy (non-pregnant, day 15 and day 25 after mating) in Meishan-Landrace (ML) on mRNA levels. Parity effects were observed for PPARdelta, ANGPTL4, and ADD1, with higher mRNA levels in YL than YLn sows. In DYL sows, lower mRNA levels were present at attachment sites compared to between attachment sites for PPARdelta, PPARgamma1, and ANGPTL4. Finally, day 15 pregnant ML sows had lower PPARdelta mRNA levels compared to day 15 cycling ML sows. A significant increase of PPARgamma1 mRNA levels was found on day 25 pregnant ML and DYL sows relative to day 15 ML or DYL pregnant sows. PPARdelta and gamma immunostaining was detected in endometrial tissue of day 15 cycling sows, day 15 and 25 pregnant sows and epithelial cells of day 25 embryos. Collectively, our results suggest a role for PPARdelta, PPARgamma1, and ANGPTL4, but not PPARgamma2, during the peri-implantation period in pregnant sows.
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Affiliation(s)
- Etienne Lord
- Centre de Recherche en Reproduction Animale, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 7C6
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Wang R, Cruciani-Guglielmacci C, Migrenne S, Magnan C, Cotero VE, Routh VH. Effects of Oleic Acid on Distinct Populations of Neurons in the Hypothalamic Arcuate Nucleus Are Dependent on Extracellular Glucose Levels. J Neurophysiol 2006; 95:1491-8. [PMID: 16306178 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00697.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmacological manipulation of fatty acid metabolism in the hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC) alters energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Thus, we tested the hypotheses that distinctive populations of ARC neurons are oleic acid (OA) sensors that exhibit a glucose dependency, independent of whether some of these OA sensors are also glucose-sensing neurons. We used patch-clamp recordings to investigate the effects of OA on ARC neurons in brain slices from 14- to 21-day-old Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats. Additionally, we recorded spontaneous discharge rate in ARC neurons in 8-wk-old fed and fasted SD rats in vivo. Patch-clamp studies showed that in 2.5 mM glucose 12 of 94 (13%) ARC neurons were excited by 2 μM OA (OA-excited or OAE neurons), whereas six of 94 (6%) were inhibited (OA-inhibited2.5or OAI2.5neurons). In contrast, in 0.1 mM glucose, OA inhibited six of 20 (30%) ARC neurons (OAI0.1neurons); none was excited. None of the OAI0.1neurons responded to OA in 2.5 mM glucose. Thus OAI2.5and OAI0.1neurons are distinct. Similarly, in seven of 20 fed rats (35%) the overall response was OAE-like, whereas in three of 20 (15%) it was OAI-like. In contrast, in fasted rats only OAI-like response were observed (three of 15; 20%). There was minimal overlap between OA-sensing neurons and glucose-sensing neurons. In conclusion, OA regulated three distinct subpopulations of ARC neurons in a glucose-dependent fashion. These data suggest that an interaction between glucose and fatty acids regulates OA sensing in ARC neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, New Jersey Medical School, 185 S. Orange Ave, PO Box 1709, Newark, NJ 07101-1709, USA
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