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Macmillan K, Gobikrushanth M, Plastow G, Colazo M. Natural versus induced estrus indicators of Holstein heifers determined by an automated activity monitoring system. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abreu F, Geary T, Coutinho da Silva M, Cruppe L, Mussard M, Madsen C, Martins T, Bridges G, Harstine B, Day M. Role of progesterone concentrations during early follicular development in beef cattle: II. Ovulatory follicle growth and pregnancy rates. Anim Reprod Sci 2018; 196:69-76. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2018.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 06/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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França MR, da Silva MIS, Pugliesi G, Van Hoeck V, Binelli M. Evidence of endometrial amino acid metabolism and transport modulation by peri-ovulatory endocrine profiles driving uterine receptivity. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2017. [PMID: 28630707 PMCID: PMC5472857 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-017-0185-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In beef cattle, changes in the periovulatory endocrine milieu are associated with fertility and conceptus growth. A large preovulatory follicle (POF) and the resulting elevated concentrations of progesterone (P4) during diestrus positively affect pregnancy rates. Amino acids (AA) are important components of maternally derived secretions that are crucial for embryonic survival before implantation. The hypothesis is that the size of the POF and the concentration of P4 in early diestrus modulate the endometrial abundance of SLC transcripts related to AA transport and metabolism and subsequently impact luminal concentrations of AA. The follicle growth of Nelore cows was manipulated to produce two experimental groups: large POF and CL (LF-LCL group) and small POF and CL (SF-SCL group). On Day 4 (D4; Experiment 1) and Day 7 (D7; Experiment 2) after GnRH-induced ovulation (GnRH treatment = D0), the animals were slaughtered and uterine tissues and uterine washings were collected. qRT-PCR was used to evaluate the expression levels of AA transporters in D4 and D7 endometrial tissues. The concentrations of AA were quantified in D4 and D7 uterine washings by HPLC. Results Transcript results show that, on D4, SLC6A6, SLC7A4, SLC17A5, SLC38A1, SLC38A7 and SCLY and on D7 SLC1A4, SLC6A1, SLC6A14, SLC7A4, SLC7A7, SLC7A8, SLC17A5, SLC38A1, SLC38A7, SLC43A2 and DDO were more abundant in the endometria of cows from the LF-LCL group (P < 0.05). In addition, concentrations of AA in the uterine lumen were influenced by the endocrine profiles of the mother. In this context, D4 uterine washings revealed that greater concentrations of taurine, alanine and α-aminobutyric acid were present in SF-SCL (P < 0.05). In contrast, lower concentrations of valine and cystathionine were quantified on D7 uterine washings from SF-SCL cows (P < 0.05). Conclusion The present study revealed an association between the abundance of transcripts related to AA transport and metabolism in the endometrium and specific periovulatory endocrine profiles related to the receptive status of the mother. Such insights suggest that AAs are involved in uterine function to support embryo development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moana Rodrigues França
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
| | - Maressa Izabel Santos da Silva
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
| | - Guilherme Pugliesi
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
| | | | - Mario Binelli
- Department of Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, 225, Duque de Caxias Norte Ave. Jd. Elite, 13635-900 Pirassununga, SP Brazil
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Eborn DR, Grieger DM. Timed insemination of beef heifers using the 7–11 Synch protocol1. J Anim Sci 2013; 91:666-72. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2011-4951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Eborn
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
| | - D. M. Grieger
- Department of Animal Sciences and Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan 66506-0201
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Effects of low versus physiologic plasma progesterone concentrations on ovarian follicular development and fertility in beef cattle. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1237-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2008] [Revised: 07/15/2009] [Accepted: 07/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pfeifer L, Siqueira L, Mapletoft R, Kastelic J, Adams G, Colazo M, Singh J. Effects of exogenous progesterone and cloprostenol on ovarian follicular development and first ovulation in prepubertal heifers. Theriogenology 2009; 72:1054-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2009.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 06/26/2009] [Accepted: 06/28/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Stevenson J, Rodrigues J, Braga F, Bitente S, Dalton J, Santos J, Chebel R. Effect of Breeding Protocols and Reproductive Tract Score on Reproductive Performance of Dairy Heifers and Economic Outcome of Breeding Programs. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3424-38. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Stevenson J, Dalton J, Santos J, Sartori R, Ahmadzadeh A, Chebel R. Effect of Synchronization Protocols on Follicular Development and Estradiol and Progesterone Concentrations of Dairy Heifers. J Dairy Sci 2008; 91:3045-56. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2007-0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Leitman NR, Busch DC, Bader JF, Mallory DA, Wilson DJ, Lucy MC, Ellersieck MR, Smith MF, Patterson DJ. Comparison of protocols to synchronize estrus and ovulation in estrous-cycling and prepubertal beef heifers1. J Anim Sci 2008; 86:1808-18. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2008-0970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Busch DC, Wilson DJ, Schafer DJ, Leitman NR, Haden JK, Ellersieck MR, Smith MF, Patterson DJ. Comparison of progestin-based estrus synchronization protocols before fixed-time artificial insemination on pregnancy rate in beef heifers1. J Anim Sci 2007; 85:1933-9. [PMID: 17400966 DOI: 10.2527/jas.2006-845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of the experiment was to compare pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time AI after administration of either 1 of 2 controlled internal drug release (CIDR)-based protocols. Heifers at 3 locations (location 1, n = 78; location 2, n = 61; and location 3, n = 78) were assigned to 1 of 2 treatments within reproductive tract scores (1 = immature to 5 = cycling) by age and BW. Heifers assigned to CIDR Select received a CIDR insert (1.38 g of progesterone) from d 0 to 14 followed by GnRH (100 mug, i.m.) 9 d after CIDR removal (d 23) and PGF2alpha (PG, 25 mg, i.m.) 7 d after GnRH treatment (d 30). Heifers assigned to CO-Synch + CIDR were administered GnRH and received a CIDR insert on d 23 and PG and CIDR removal on d 30. Heifers at location 1 were fitted with a HeatWatch estrus detection system transmitter from the time of PG until 24 d after fixed-time AI to allow for continuous estrus detection. Artificial insemination was performed at predetermined fixed times for heifers in both treatments at 72 or 54 h after PG for the CIDR Select and CO-Synch + CIDR groups, respectively. All heifers were administered GnRH at the time of AI. Blood samples were collected 10 d before and immediately before treatment initiation (d 0) to determine pretreatment estrous cyclicity (progesterone > or = 0.5 ng/mL). At location 1, the estrous response during the synchronized period was greater (P = 0.06; 87 vs. 69%, respectively), and the variance for interval to estrus after PG was reduced among CIDR Select- (P < 0.01) compared with CO-Synch + CIDR-treated heifers. Fixed-time AI pregnancy rates were significantly greater (P = 0.02) after the CIDR Select protocol (62%) compared with the CO-Synch + CIDR protocol (47%). In summary, the CIDR Select protocol resulted in a greater and more synchronous estrous response and significantly greater fixed-time AI pregnancy rates compared with the CO-Synch + CIDR protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Busch
- Division of Animal Science, S132 ASRC, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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Kasimanickam R, Collins JC, Wuenschell J, Currin JC, Hall JB, Whittier DW. Effect of timing of prostaglandin administration, controlled internal drug release removal and gonadotropin releasing hormone administration on pregnancy rate in fixed-time AI protocols in crossbred Angus cows. Theriogenology 2006; 66:166-72. [PMID: 16310840 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2005.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/08/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of timing of prostaglandin F2(alpha) (PGF2(alpha)) administration, controlled internal drug release device (CIDR) removal and second gonodotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) administration on the pregnancy outcome in CIDR-based synchronization protocols. In Experiment 1, suckled Angus crossbred beef cows (n = 580) were given 100 microg of GnRH+a CIDR on Day 0. Cows in Group 1 (modified Ovsynch-P) received 25 mg of dinoprost (PGF2(alpha)) and CIDR device removal on Day 8 (AM), 100 microg of GnRH 36 h later on Day 9 (p.m.), and fixed-time AI (FTAI) 16 h later on Day 10 (47.5+/-1.1 h after PGF2(alpha)). Cows in Group 2 (Ovsynch-P) received 25mg of PGF2(alpha) and CIDR device removal on Day 7 (p.m.), 100 microg of GnRH 48 h later on Day 9 and FTAI 16 h later on Day 10 (66.6+/-1.2 h after PGF2(alpha)). Pregnancy rates were 56.5% (170/301) for Group 1 and 55.6% (155/279) for Group 2, respectively (P = 0.47). In Experiment 2, beef cows (n=734) were synchronized with 100 microg of GnRH+CIDR on Day 0, 25 mg of PGF2(alpha) and CIDR device removal on Day 7 and either 100 microg of GnRH 48 h later on Day 9 (Ovsynch-P) and FTAI 16 h later on Day 10 (64.9+/-3.3 h from PGF2(alpha)) or 100 microg of GnRH on Day 10 (CO-Synch-P) at the time of AI (63.2+/-4.2 h from PGF2(alpha)). Pregnancy rates were 48.8% (180/369) for Ovsynch-P and 44.7% (163/365) for CO-synch-P groups, respectively (P = 0.11). In both experiments, there was a locationxtreatment interaction (P<0.05); pregnancy rates between locations were different (P < 0.05) in the Ovsynch-P group. In conclusion, in a CIDR-based Ovsynch synchronization protocol, delaying administration of prostaglandin and CIDR removal by 12 h, or timing of the second GnRH by 16 h, did not affect pregnancy rates to FTAI. Therefore, there may be an opportunity to make changes in synchronization protocols with out adversely affecting FTAI pregnancy rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kasimanickam
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, 24061, USA.
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Freret S, Grimard B, Ponter AA, Joly C, Ponsart C, Humblot P. Reduction of body-weight gain enhances in vitro embryo production in overfed superovulated dairy heifers. Reproduction 2006; 131:783-94. [PMID: 16595729 DOI: 10.1530/rep.1.00689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to test whether a reduction in dietary intake could improvein vitroembryo production in superovulated overfed dairy heifers. Cumulus–oocyte complexes of 16 Prim’ Holstein heifers (14 ± 1 months old) were collected by ovum pick-up (OPU), every 2 weeks following superovulation treatment with 250 μg FSH, before being matured and fertilizedin vitro. Embryos were cultured in Synthetic Oviduct Fluid medium for 7 days. Heifers were fed with hay, soybean meal, barley, minerals and vitamins. From OPU 1 to 4 (period 1), all heifers received individually for 8 weeks a diet formulated for a 1000 g/day live-weight gain. From OPU 5 to 8 (period 2), the heifers were allocated to one of two diets (1000 or 600 g/day) for 8 weeks. Heifers’ growth rates were monitored and plasma concentrations of metabolites, metabolic and reproductive hormones were measured each week. Mean live-weight gain observed during period 1 was 950 ± 80 g/day (n= 16). In period 2 it was 730 ± 70 (n= 8) and 1300 ± 70 g/day (n= 8) for restricted and overfed groups respectively. When comparing period 1 and period 2 within groups, significant differences were found. In the restricted group, a higher blastocyst rate, greater proportions of grade 1–3 and grade 1 embryos, associated with higher estradiol at OPU and lower glucose and β-hydroxybutyrate, were observed in period 2 compared with period 1. Moreover, after 6 weeks of dietary restriction (OPU 7), numbers of day 7 total embryos, blastocysts and grade 1–3 embryos had significantly increased. On the contrary, in the overfed group, we observed more <8 mm follicles 2 days before superovulation treatment, higher insulin and IGF-I and lower nonesterified fatty acids in period 2 compared with period 1 (no significant difference between periods for embryo production). After 6 weeks of 1300 g/day live-weight gain (OPU 7), embryo production began to decrease. Whatever the group, oocyte collection did not differ between period 1 and 2. These data suggest that following a period of overfeeding, a short-term dietary intake restriction (6 weeks in our study) may improve blastocyst production and embryo quality when they are low. However, nutritional recommendations aiming to optimize both follicular growth and embryonic development may be different.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Freret
- UNCEIA Département Recherche et Développement, 13 rue Jouët, 94704 Maisons-Alfort cedex, France.
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Bader JF, Kojima FN, Schafer DJ, Stegner JE, Ellersieck MR, Smith MF, Patterson DJ. A comparison of progestin-based protocols to synchronize ovulation and facilitate fixed-time artificial insemination in postpartum beef cows1. J Anim Sci 2005; 83:136-43. [PMID: 15583053 DOI: 10.2527/2005.831136x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The experimental objective was to compare pregnancy rates after fixed-time AI in postpartum suckled beef cows following administration of two progestin-based protocols to synchronize ovulation. Cows (n = 424) at three locations (n = 208, 122, and 92 per location) were stratified by age, BCS, and days postpartum (DPP) and assigned randomly to one of the two treatment protocols. The MGA Select-treated cows (MGA Select; n = 213) were fed melengestrol acetate (MGA, 0.5 mg x cow(-1) x d(-1)) for 14 d and carrier for 8 d, and then GnRH (100 microg i.m. Cystorelin; d 26) was injected 12 d after MGA withdrawal, and PG (25 mg i.m. Lutalyse) was administered 7 d after GnRH. Cows assigned to the 7-11 Synch protocol (7-11 Synch; n = 209) were fed carrier for 15 d and MGA for 7 d, and then injected with PG on d 22 (d 7 of MGA), GnRH on d 26, and PG again on d 33. Artificial insemination was performed at fixed times for cows in both treatments at 60 or 72 h after d 33 PG for 7-11 Synch and MGA Select groups, respectively. All cows were injected with GnRH (100 microg of i.m. Cystorelin) at AI. There was no treatment x location interaction for age (P = 0.90), BCS (P = 0.64), or DPP (P = 0.93), and the results were therefore pooled for the respective treatments (age [7-11 Synch, 5.5 +/- 0.2; MGA Select, 5.5 +/- 0.2], BCS [7-11 Synch, 5.7 +/- 0.1; MGA Select, 5.6 +/- 0.1], and DPP [7-11 Synch, 41.1 +/- 1.1; MGA Select, 42.1 +/- 1.1]). Blood samples were collected 8 and 1 d before MGA or carrier to determine pretreatment estrous cyclicity (progesterone >or=1 ng/mL; 7-11 Synch, 59/209 [28%]; MGA Select, 54/213 [25%]; P = 0.50) and again on d 33 PG to evaluate treatment response as a percentage of cows with progesterone concentrations in serum >or=1ng/mL (7-11 Synch, 184/209 [88%]; MGA Select, 177/213 [83%]; P = 0.15). Pregnancy rates resulting from fixed-time AI did not differ (P = 0.25) between treatments (7-11 Synch, 128/209 [61%]; MGA Select, 142/213 [67%]), nor did pregnancy rates (P = 0.77) at the end of the breeding season (7-11 Synch, 198/208 [95%]; MGA Select, 204/213 [96%]). These data indicate that pregnancy rates were comparable after fixed-time AI, following administration of the 7-11 Synch and MGA Select protocols. Both protocols provide opportunities for beef producers to use AI and eliminate the need to detect estrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Bader
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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Stegner JE, Kojima FN, Ellersieck MR, Lucy MC, Smith MF, Patterson DJ. A comparison of progestin-based protocols to synchronize estrus in postpartum beef cows1. J Anim Sci 2004; 82:1016-21. [PMID: 15080322 DOI: 10.2527/2004.8241016x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Two progestin-based protocols for estrus synchronization in postpartum beef cows were compared following treatment administration on the basis of estrous response, interval to and synchrony of estrus, and pregnancy. Cows were assigned to one of the two treatment protocols by age, body condition score (BCS), and days postpartum (DPP). The MGA Select-treated cows (MGA Select; n = 109) were fed melengestrol acetate (MGA; 0.5mg x cow-1 x d(-1)) for 14 d, fed carrier for 8 d, GnRH (100 microg of Cystorelin) was injected i.m. 12 d after MGA withdrawal, and PG (25 mg of Lutalyse) was administered i.m. 7 d after GnRH. Cows assigned to the 7-11 Synch protocol (7-11 Synch; n = 111) were fed carrier for 15 d, fed MGA for 7 d, injected with PG on d 22 (d 7 of MGA), injected with GnRH on d 26, and injected with PG on d 33. Mean BCS (4.8 +/- 0.1, MGA Select; 4.7 +/- 0.1, 7-11 Synch) and DPP (40 +/- 1, MGA Select; 40 +/- 1, 7-11 Synch) did not differ between treatments. Blood samples were collected 8 d and 1 d before feeding of MGA or carrier to determine the pretreatment estrous cyclicity (progesterone > or = 1 ng/mL; 10/109 [9%], MGA Select; 12/111 [11%], 7-11 Synch), and again at PG on d 33 to evaluate treatment response (81/109 [74%], MGA Select; 84/111 (76%), 7-11 Synch). Serum concentrations of progesterone at PG on d 33 differed (P < 0.01) between treatments (3.3 +/- 0.3 ng/mL [MGA Select] vs. 1.7 +/- 0.1 ng/mL [7-11 Synch]). HeatWatch was used for 6 d after PG on d 33 to detect estrus, and AI was performed 12 h after the onset of estrus. Estrous response did not differ between treatments (100/109 [92%], MGA Select; 101/111 [91%], 7-11 Synch). Mean interval to estrus (65 +/- 2.7 h, MGA Select; 52 +/- 1.8 h, 7-11 Synch) and synchrony of estrus differed (P < 0.01) between treatments. Synchronized conception and pregnancy rates (61/100 [61%], 61/109 [56%], MGA Select; 71/101 [70%], 71/111 [64%], 7-11 Synch), and final pregnancy rates (94/109 [86%], MGA Select; 99/110 [90%], 7-11 Synch) did not differ between treatments. In summary, estrous response and fertility did not differ among cows assigned to the MGA Select or 7-11 Synch protocols. Synchrony of estrus, defined as the variance in the interval to estrus from PG, however, was improved following treatment with the 7-11 Synch protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Stegner
- Department of Animal Science, University of Missouri, Columbia 65211, USA
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