1
|
Duan G, Li L. Deciphering the mechanism of jujube vinegar on hyperlipoidemia through gut microbiome based on 16S rRNA, BugBase analysis, and the stamp analysis of KEEG. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1160069. [PMID: 37275638 PMCID: PMC10235701 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1160069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Growing data indicate that the gut microbiome may contribute to the rising incidence of hyperlipoidemia. Jujube vinegar lowers lipids, protects the liver, and reduces oxidant capacity, however, it is unknown whether this is due to the gut flora. To further research the role of the gut microbiome in treating hyperlipidemia with jujube vinegar, we looked into whether the action of jujube vinegar is related to the regulation of the gut microbiome. Method Thirty male ICR mice were used. The control group (CON), the high-fat diet (HFD) group, and the vinegar group (VIN) each consisted of ten female ICR mice fed consistently for eight weeks. For each treatment, we kept track of body mass, liver index, blood lipid levels, and oxidative stress state. We also analyzed mouse feces using high-throughput 16srRNA sequencing to examine the relationship between jujube vinegar's hypolipidemic effect and antioxidant activity and how it affects the gut microbiome. Results Jujube vinegar reduced body weight by 19.92%, serum TC, TG, and LDL-C by 25.09%, 26.83%, and 11.66%, and increased HDL-C by 1.44 times, serum AST and ALT decreased by 26.36% and 34.87% respectively, the blood levels of SOD and GSH-Px increased 1.35-fold and 1.60-fold, respectively. While blood MDA decreased 33.21%, the liver's SOD and GSH-Px increased 1.32-fold and 1.60-fold, respectively, and the liver's MDA decreased 48.96% in HFD mice. The gut microbiome analysis revealed that jujube vinegar increased the intestinal microbial ASV count by 13.46%, and the F/B (Firmicutes/Bacteroidota) ratio by 2.08-fold in high-fat diet mice, and the proportion was significantly inversely correlated with TC, TG, and LDL-C and positively correlated with HDL-C. Biomarker bacteria in the vinegar group included Lactobacillaceae and Lactobacillus, which correlated favorably with HDL-C, SOD, and GSH-Px and negatively with LDL-C, TC, and TG. Jujube vinegar increased the abundance of the Aerobic, Contains Mobile Elements, and Facultative Aerobic by 2.84 times, 1.45 times, and 2.40 times, while decreased the abundance of Potential pathogens by 44.72%, according to the BugBase study. The KEGG analysis showed that jujube vinegar was predominantly reflected in the biological process of gene function and related to signal transduction pathways, including glucagon signaling system, HIF-1 signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, amino sugar, and nucleotide sugar metabolism, and so forth. Conclusion Based on these findings, jujube vinegar may reduce hyperlipoidemia by controlling the gut microbiome and enhancing antioxidant capacity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Guofeng Duan
- College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| | - Lijuan Li
- Jinzhong College of Information, Taigu, Shanxi, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
L-glutamate requires β-catenin signalling through Frizzled7 to stimulate porcine intestinal stem cell expansion. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:523. [PMID: 36121491 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04545-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) decode and coordinate various types of nutritional information from the diet to support the crypt-villus axis architecture, but how specific dietary molecules affect intestinal epithelial homeostasis remains unclear. In the current study, L-glutamate (Glu) supplementation in either a nitrogen-free diet (NFD) or a corn-soybean meal diet (CSMD) stimulated gut growth and ISC expansion in weaned piglets. Quantitative proteomics screening identified the canonical Wnt signalling pathway as a central regulator of intestinal epithelial development and ISC activity in vivo. Importantly, the Wnt transmembrane receptor Frizzled7 (FZD7) was upregulated in response to dietary Glu patterns, and its perturbations in intestinal organoids (IOs) treated with a specific inhibitor and in FZD7-KO IPEC-J2 cells disrupted the link between Glu inputs and β-catenin signalling and a subsequent reduction in cell viability. Furthermore, co-localization, coimmunoprecipitation (Co-IP), isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and microscale thermophoresis (MST) revealed that Glu served as a signalling molecule directly bound to FZD7. We propose that FZD7-mediated integration of the extracellular Glu signal controls ISC proliferation and differentiation, which provides new insights into the crosstalk of nutrients and ISCs.
Collapse
|
3
|
Onasanya GO, Msalya GM, Thiruvenkadan AK, Murali N, Saravanan R, Raja A, Okpeku M, Jeyakumar M, Ikeobi CO. Exposure to high thermal conditions for a long time induces apoptosis and decreases total RNA concentration in peripheral blood mononuclear cells among Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds. Vet World 2022; 15:2192-2201. [PMID: 36341055 PMCID: PMC9631357 DOI: 10.14202/vetworld.2022.2192-2201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim: Global warming has grave consequences on livestock production systems and profound negative effects on animal production. This study aimed to carry out an in vitro thermal stress stimulation (TSS) of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) using different thermal assault conditions (TACs), including normal to extreme temperatures and varying durations of thermal exposure (DTE) to understand how PBMCs of Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds respond to various levels and durations of heat shock. Materials and Methods: Ten milliliters of blood were collected from 70 Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds under aseptic conditions and were sampled for isolating PBMCs. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were divided into seven groups, each comprising 10 PBMC samples isolated from 10 different animals. Aliquots of 500 μL of PBMCs were stressed by exposure to different TACs (37, 40, and 45°C) for DTEs of 3 or 6 h. Subsequently, the cells were harvested. The control unstressed samples (500 μL aliquots of PBMCs) were exposed to no TAC (0°C) and zero DTE (0 h). Total RNA from all the treatment groups of PBMCs were isolated and quantitated. Results: We found a very strong association between TACs and RNA levels. In addition, PBMCs viability was negatively affected by heat shock. This led to an exponential reduction in PBMC count as TACs toughened. Only 3.59 × 105 ± 0.34 cells/mL were viable after exposure to 45°C for a 6 h DTE. This cell viability was lower than that measured in controls subjected to no stress and zero time DTE (2.56 × 107 ± 0.22 cells/mL). We also observed a reduction in the concentration of RNA isolated from thermally stressed PBMCs. Conclusion: In vitro TSS of PBMCs provided biological information on the response of cellular systems to heat shock after exposure to TACs. This will help to mitigate and manage the effects of thermal stress in bovine species. The association between the reduction in PBMC count after in vitro TSS and the expression of heat shock protein 70 gene will be investigated in the future to further understand how Indian Zebu–Jersey crossbreds respond to in vitro thermal conditions. This will be used to determine the in vivo response of Indian Jersey crossbreds to different environmental thermal conditions and will further enable the in vivo understanding of thermotolerance potentials of bovine species for better adaptation, survival, and production performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gbolabo Olaitan Onasanya
- Department of Animal Science, Federal University Dutse, Dutse, Nigeria; Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - George M. Msalya
- Department of Animal, Aquaculture and Range Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania
| | - Aranganoor K. Thiruvenkadan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Nagarajan Murali
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Ramasamy Saravanan
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Angamuthu Raja
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Moses Okpeku
- Discipline of Genetics, School of Life Sciences, College of Agriculture, Engineering and Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal (Westville Campus), Durban, South Africa
| | - Mani Jeyakumar
- Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Veterinary College and Research Institute, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Christian O. Ikeobi
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Feng Z, Jia C, Lin X, Hao H, Li S, Li F, Cui Q, Chen Y, Wu F, Xiao X. The inhibition of enterocyte proliferation by lithocholic acid exacerbates necrotizing enterocolitis through downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Cell Prolif 2022; 55:e13228. [PMID: 35441471 PMCID: PMC9136529 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a catastrophic gastrointestinal emergency in preterm infants, whose exact aetiology remains unknown. The role of lithocholic acid (LCA), a key component of secondary bile acids (BAs), in NEC is unclear. Methods Clinical data were collected to analyse the changes of BAs in NEC patients. In vitro studies, the cell proliferation and cell death were assessed. In vivo experiments, the newborn rats were administered with low or high dose of LCA and further induced NEC. Results Clinically, compared with control group, total BAs in the NEC patients were significantly higher when NEC occurred. In vitro, LCA treatment significantly inhibited the cell proliferation through arresting cell cycle at G1/S phase without inducing apoptosis or necroptosis. Mechanistically, the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway was involved. In vivo, LCA inhibited intestinal cell proliferation leading to disruption of intestinal barrier, and thereby increased the severity of NEC. Specifically, LCA supplementation caused higher levels of FITC‐labelled dextran in serum, reduced PCNA expression and inhibited the activity of Wnt/β‐catenin pathway in enterocytes. The LC–MS/MS test found that LCA was significantly higher in intestinal tissue of NEC group, and more obviously in the NEC‐L and NEC‐H group compared with the DM group. Conclusion LCA exacerbates NEC by inhibiting intestinal cell proliferation through downregulating the Wnt/β‐catenin pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhoushan Feng
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chunhong Jia
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaojun Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hu Hao
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitao Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiliang Cui
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaoyong Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fan Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory for Major Obstetric Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Xiao
- Department of Pediatrics, Sun Yat-sen University Sixth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Intestinal Models for Personalized Medicine: from Conventional Models to Microfluidic Primary Intestine-on-a-chip. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2022; 18:2137-2151. [PMID: 34181185 PMCID: PMC8237043 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10205-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal dysfunction is frequently driven by abnormalities of specific genes, microbiota, or microenvironmental factors, which usually differ across individuals, as do intestinal physiology and pathology. Therefore, it's necessary to develop personalized therapeutic strategies, which are currently limited by the lack of a simulated intestine model. The mature human intestinal mucosa is covered by a single layer of columnar epithelial cells that are derived from intestinal stem cells (ISCs). The complexity of the organ dramatically increases the difficulty of faithfully mimicking in vivo microenvironments. However, a simulated intestine model will serve as an indispensable foundation for personalized drug screening. In this article, we review the advantages and disadvantages of conventional 2-dimensional models, intestinal organoid models, and current microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip (IOAC) models. The main technological strategies are summarized, and an advanced microfluidic primary IOAC model is proposed for personalized intestinal medicine. In this model, primary ISCs and the microbiome are isolated from individuals and co-cultured in a multi-channel microfluidic chip to establish a microengineered intestine device. The device can faithfully simulate in vivo fluidic flow, peristalsis-like motions, host-microbe crosstalk, and multi-cell type interactions. Moreover, the ISCs can be genetically edited before seeding, and monitoring sensors and post-analysis abilities can also be incorporated into the device to achieve high-throughput and rapid pharmaceutical studies. We also discuss the potential future applications and challenges of the microfluidic platform. The development of cell biology, biomaterials, and tissue engineering will drive the advancement of the simulated intestine, making a significant contribution to personalized medicine in the future. Graphical abstract The intestine is a primary organ for digestion, absorption, and metabolism, as well as a major site for the host-commensal microbiota interaction and mucosal immunity. The complexity of the organ dramatically increases the difficulty of faithfully mimicking in vivo microenvironments, though physiological 3-dimensional of the native small intestinal epithelial tissue has been well documented. An intestinal stem cells-based microfluidic intestine-on-a-chip model that faithfully simulate in vivo fluidic flow, peristalsis-like motions, host-microbe crosstalk, and multi-cell type interactions will make a significant contribution.
Collapse
|
6
|
Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing and Proteomics Reveal Neonatal Ileum Dynamic Developmental Potentials. mSystems 2021; 6:e0072521. [PMID: 34546071 PMCID: PMC8547457 DOI: 10.1128/msystems.00725-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The neonatal period is a crucial time during development of the mammalian small intestine. Moreover, neonatal development and maturation of the small intestine are exceptionally important for early growth, successful weaning, and postweaning growth and development, in order to achieve species-specific milestones. Although several publications recently characterized intestinal epithelial cell diversity at the single-cell level, it remains unclear how differentiation and molecular interactions take place between types and subtypes of epithelial cells during the neonatal period. A single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) survey of 40,186 ileal epithelial cells and proteomics analysis of ileal samples at 6 time points in the swine neonatal period were performed. The results revealed previously unknown developmental changes: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time-dependent reduction in secretory cells. Moreover, we observed specific transcriptional factors, ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and gut mucosal microbiota playing vital roles in ileal development during the neonatal window. This work offers new comprehensive information regarding ileal development throughout the neonatal period. Reference to this data set may assist in the creation of novel interventions for inflammation-, metabolism-, and proliferation-related gut pathologies. IMPORTANCE We found previously unknown neonatal ileum developmental potentials: specific increases in undifferentiated cells, unique enterocyte differentiation, and time dependent reduction in secretory cells. Specific transcriptional factors (TFs), ligand-receptor pairs, G protein-coupled receptors, transforming growth factor β, bone morphogenetic protein signaling pathways, and the gut mucosal microbiota are involved in this process. Our results may assist in the creation of novel interventions for inflammation-, metabolism-, and proliferation-related gut pathologies.
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhou JY, Lin HL, Qin YC, Li XG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. l-Carnosine Protects Against Deoxynivalenol-Induced Oxidative Stress in Intestinal Stem Cells by Regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2100406. [PMID: 34216418 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202100406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The intestinal epithelium is nourished by various nutrients and subjected to persistent and widespread feed-derived mycotoxin stress. l-Carnosine (LC) possesses robust antioxidant activity; however, its role in protecting intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol (DON) is still unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS In this study, 300 mg kg-1 BW LC and 3 mg kg-1 BW DON are orally administered to mice either alone or in combination for 10 days to investigate the role of LC in protecting the intestine against DON. This study found that LC alleviates the growth retardation of mice and repairs the damaged jejunal structure and barrier functions under DON exposure. LC rescues the intestinal stem cells (ISCs), increases the growth advantage in enteroids derived from jejunal crypts of mice in each group ex vivo, improves the proliferation and apoptosis of intestinal cells, and promotes ISC differentiation into absorptive cells, goblet cells, and Paneth cells. Furthermore, LC activates Nrf2 signaling by binding to Keap1 to reverse the striking DON-induced increase in ROS levels. CONCLUSION The study findings unveil that LC potentiates the antioxidant capacity of ISCs by regulating the Keap1/Nrf2 signaling pathway, which contributes to the intestinal epithelial regeneration response to DON insult.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hua-Lin Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Ying-Chao Qin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zhou JY, Huang DG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Zou SG, Wang XQ. Heat-stable enterotoxin inhibits intestinal stem cell expansion to disrupt the intestinal integrity by downregulating the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Stem Cells 2021; 39:482-496. [PMID: 33373490 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli causes severe infectious diarrhea with high morbidity and mortality in newborn and weanling pigs mainly through the production of heat-stable enterotoxins (STs). However, the precise regulatory mechanisms involved in ST-induced intestinal epithelium injury remain unclear. Consequently, we conducted the experiments in vivo (mice), ex vivo (mouse and porcine enteroids), and in vitro (MODE-K and IPEC-J2 cells) to explore the effect of STp (one type of STa) on the integrity of the intestinal epithelium. The results showed that acute STp exposure led to small intestinal edema, disrupted intestinal integrity, induced crypt cell expansion into spheroids, and downregulated Wnt/β-catenin activity in the mice. Following a similar trend, the enteroid-budding efficiency and the expression of Active β-catenin, β-catenin, Lgr5, PCNA, and KRT20 were significantly decreased after STp treatment, as determined ex vivo. In addition, STp inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell apoptosis, destroyed cell barriers, and reduced Wnt/β-catenin activity by downregulating its membrane receptor Frizzled7 (FZD7). In contrast, Wnt/β-catenin reactivation protected the IPEC-J2 cells from STp-induced injury. Taking these findings together, we conclude that STp inhibits intestinal stem cell expansion to disrupt the integrity of the intestinal mucosa through the downregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Deng-Gui Huang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.,Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Shi-Geng Zou
- Wen's Group Academy, Wen's Foodstuffs Group Co, Ltd, Xinxing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Signaling Network Centered on mTORC1 Dominates Mammalian Intestinal Stem Cell Ageing. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2020; 17:842-849. [PMID: 33201440 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10073-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestine integrates the function of digestion, absorption, and barrier, which is easily damaged by the external factors upon ageing. The intestinal stem cells (ISCs) exist at the intestinal crypt base and play an indispensable role in intestinal homeostasis and regeneration. The intestine ageing contributes to malabsorption and other associated illnesses, which were considered to be related to ISCs. Here, we summarize the current research progress of mammalian ISCs ageing and pay more attention to the central regulatory role of the mTORC1 signaling pathway in regulating mammalian ISCs ageing, and its related AMPK, FOXO, Wnt signaling pathways. Furthermore, we also discuss the interventions aimed at mTORC1 and its associated signaling pathways, which may provide potential strategies for rejuvenating aged ISCs and the therapy of age-related intestinal diseases. Graphical abstract Many signaling pathways are altered in the ageing ISCs, thereby inducing the decrease of ISC self-renewal, differentiation, and regeneration, an increasing of oxidative stress may contribute to damage to the ISCs. Interventions such as calorie restriction, fasting and so on can effectively alleviate these adverse effects.
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhou JY, Lin HL, Wang Z, Zhang SW, Huang DG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Zinc L-Aspartate enhances intestinal stem cell activity to protect the integrity of the intestinal mucosa against deoxynivalenol through activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 262:114290. [PMID: 32155551 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2019] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The micronutrient, zinc, plays a vital role in modulating cellular signaling recognition and enhancing intestinal barrier function. However, the precise mechanisms underlying the zinc regulation of intestinal stem cell (ISC) renewal and regeneration ability, which drive intestinal epithelial turnover to maintain the intestinal barrier, under physiological and pathological conditions are unknown. In this study, we used in vivo mouse plus ex vivo enteroid model to investigate thoroughly the protection efficacy of zinc L-aspartate (Zn-Asp) on intestinal mucosal integrity exposed to deoxynivalenol (DON). The results showed that 10 rather than 20 mg/kg body weight (BW) Zn-Asp (calculation in zinc) significantly increased the jejunum mass and ameliorated mucosa injury caused by 2 mg/kg BW DON treatment, including improvement of the intestinal morphology and barrier, as well as enteroid-forming and -budding efficiency, which was expanded from crypt cells isolated from jejunum of mice in each group. The repair process stimulated by Zn-Asp was also accompanied by increased fluorescence signal intensity of KRT20 and Villin; increased numbers of MUC2+, CAG+, LYZ+, BrdU+ and Ki67+ cells in mouse jejunum; and protein expression of Ki67 and PCNA in the jejunum, crypt and enteroid. Simultaneously, Zn-Asp increased ISC activity to promote intestinal epithelial renewal even under physiological conditions. These results were further verified in ex vivo enteroid culture experiments, which were treated with 100 μmol/L Zn-Asp (calculation in zinc) and 100 ng/mL DON for 72 h. Furthermore, we demonstrated that Zn-Asp improved intestinal integrity or accelerated wound healing along with Wnt/β-catenin signaling upregulation or reactivation. Our findings indicate Zn-Asp, especially Zn, enhances ISC activity to maintain the intestinal integrity by activating the Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which sheds some light upon effective preventive strategies for intestinal injury induced by mycotoxin based on ISCs with exogenous zinc preparations in the proper drugs, health foods or qualified feed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hua-Lin Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Letters & Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Sai-Wu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng-Gui Huang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China; Integrative Microbiology Research Centre, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim WS, Ghassemi Nejad J, Roh SG, Lee HG. Heat-Shock Proteins Gene Expression in Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells as an Indicator of Heat Stress in Beef Calves. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10050895. [PMID: 32455563 PMCID: PMC7278438 DOI: 10.3390/ani10050895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study explores the effects of heat stress on the expression of various heat-shock protein (HSP) genes in bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and cell viability as an indicator of stress in beef calves. We found that heat stress inhibits cell proliferation and increases the expression of HSPs in an in vitro model. In addition, HSPs were found to regulate the physiological mechanisms of adaptation to heat stress in an in vivo model. The results showed that HSPs expression in PBMCs can be used as an indicator of heat stress (HS) in beef calves. Abstract This study was conducted to investigate the effect of HS on HSPs gene expression in bovine PBMCs of beef calves in in vitro and in vivo models. In the in vitro experiment, blood samples were collected from the jugular vein of five beef calves (age: 174.2 ± 5.20 days, BW: 145.2 ± 5.21 kg). In the in vivo experiment, sixteen Korean native male beef calves (age: 169.6 ± 4.60 days, BW: 136.9 ± 6.23 kg) were exposed to ambient temperature for seven days (22 to 24 °C, relative humidity 60%; temperature–humidity index (THI) = 68 to 70) and subsequently to the temperature and humidity corresponding to the target THI level for 21 days (HS). For PBMC isolation, blood samples were collected every three days. In the in vitro model, the cell viability was significantly decreased in HS groups compared with the control group (p = 0.015). The expression of HSP70 (p = 0.022), HSP90 (p = 0.003) and HSPB1 (p = 0.026) genes was increased in the HS group in in vitro model. In the in vivo experiment, the HSP70 gene expression was increased after sudden exposure to HS conditions (severe THI levels; THI = 88 to 90), whereas HSP90 and HSPB1 showed no differences among the THI groups (p > 0.05). However, in the severe THI group, the HSP70 gene expression returned to normal range after six days of continuous HS. In conclusion, the HSP70 gene plays a pivotal role in protecting cells from damage and is sensitive to HS in immune cells compared with other HSP genes in in vitro and in vivo models. In addition, the in vivo models suggest that calves exhibit active physiological mechanisms of adaptation to HS after six days of continuous exposure by regulating the HSP70 gene expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won-Seob Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (J.G.N.)
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Jalil Ghassemi Nejad
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (J.G.N.)
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8577, Japan;
| | - Hong-Gu Lee
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (W.-S.K.); (J.G.N.)
- Team of An Educational Program for Specialists in Global Animal Science, Brain Korea 21 Plus Project, Sanghuh College of Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-450-0523
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Siddiqui SH, Subramaniyan SA, Kang D, Park J, Khan M, Shim K. Modulatory effect of heat stress on viability of primary cultured chicken satellite cells and expression of heat shock proteins ex vivo. Anim Biotechnol 2020; 32:774-785. [PMID: 32340526 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2020.1757460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Satellite cells promote muscle repairing and muscle growth. Thereby the intention of the present study was to investigate the beneficial effects of heat stress at different time intervals on chicken satellite cells' viability. Satellite cells were isolated from 1-day-old chicks and treated at two different temperatures (37 °C and 41 °C) for various time periods (6 h, 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h). Both temperatures significantly increased cell viability after 24 h and 48 h. After 12 h, cell viability was significantly increased at 41 °C compared to 37 °C. However, more apoptotic cells were observed at end of the experiment of 41 °C compared to 37 °C. In addition, more live cells were found at early of experimental period at 41 °C than 37 °C. Additionally, protein and mRNA expression of HSP70, HP60 and HSP47 were significantly upregulated throughout the experimental period at temperature of 41 °C compared to those at 37 °C. These results indicate that cell viability and expression of heat stress related proteins/genes are induced by high temperature of 41 °C via heat stress pathway whereas activation of heat stress related proteins/genes are lower at 37 °C. Thus, 41 °C can trigger satellite cells' viability essential for better cell survival than 37 °C at early incubation time.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sharif Hasan Siddiqui
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Sivakumar Allur Subramaniyan
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Darae Kang
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinryong Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mousumee Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Science, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwanseob Shim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhou J, Huang D, Zhu M, Gao C, Yan H, Li X, Wang X. Wnt/β‐catenin‐mediated heat exposure inhibits intestinal epithelial cell proliferation and stem cell expansion through endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5613-5627. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia‐yi Zhou
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Deng‐gui Huang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Min Zhu
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Chun‐qi Gao
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Hui‐chao Yan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiang‐guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical SciencesGuangdong University of Technology Guangzhou China
| | - Xiu‐qi Wang
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal ScienceSouth China Agricultural University Guangzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Zhou JY, Wang Z, Zhang SW, Lin HL, Gao CQ, Zhao JC, Yang C, Wang XQ. Methionine and Its Hydroxyl Analogues Improve Stem Cell Activity To Eliminate Deoxynivalenol-Induced Intestinal Injury by Reactivating Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11464-11473. [PMID: 31532211 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The intestinal epithelium is derived from intestinal stem cells (ISCs) and has direct contact with nutrients and toxins. However, whether methionine (Met) or a methionine hydroxyl analogue (2-hydroxy-4-(methylthio)butanoic acid (HMB)) can alleviate deoxynivalenol (DON)-induced intestinal injury remains unknown. Mice were treated orally with Met or HMB on days 1-11 and with DON on days 4-8. On day 12, the mice were sacrificed, and the jejunum was collected for crypt isolation and culture. Mouse enteroids were treated with DON and Met or HMB ex vivo. The results showed that Met and HMB increased the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of the mice. Met and HMB also improved the jejunal structure and barrier integrity and promoted ISC expansion, as indicated by the increased enteroid formation efficiency and area, under DON-induced injury conditions. In addition, DON-induced decreases in ISC activity were rescued Wnt/β-catenin signaling reactivation by Met or HMB in vivo and ex vivo. Collectively, our findings reveal that Met and HMB alleviated DON-induced intestinal injury by improving ISC expansion and reactivating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Our study thus provides a nutritional intervention for intestinal diseases involving Wnt/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Zhe Wang
- College of Letters & Science , University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison , Wisconsin 53706 , United States
| | - Sai-Wu Zhang
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Hua-Lin Lin
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
- Integrative Microbiology Research Centre , South China Agricultural University , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| | - Jiang-Chao Zhao
- Department of Animal Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72701 , United States
| | - Chengbo Yang
- Department of animal science, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences , University of Manitoba , Winnipeg , Manitoba R3T 2N2 , Canada
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science , South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry , Guangzhou , Guangdong 510642 , China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Abstract
Pig intestinal epithelium undergoes a complete renewal every 2 to 3 days that is driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs) located at the crypt base in their niche. Intestinal stem cells generate a pool of highly proliferative transit-amplifying cells, which either migrate up the villus and differentiate into enterocytes and secretory cells or migrate towards the base of the crypt where they differentiate into Paneth cells that secrete antimicrobial peptides. The balance between ISCs' self-renewal and differentiation controls intestinal epithelial homeostasis; therefore, ISCs are essential for ensuring intestinal epithelial integrity. Detailed knowledge of these mechanisms in pig and other domestic species is very limited. Therefore, the aim of this work was to characterize ISC from birth to weaning. We analysed the duodenum, jejunum and colon of six piglets at birth, 6-day-old nursing piglets and 28-day-old weanlings, one week after weaning. We immunolocalized homeobox only protein+ (HOPX) and sex-determining region Y-box 9+ (SOX9) cells that identify quiescent and active ISC, respectively. The volume of ISCs was quantified with stereological methods and was compared to that of mitotic cells expressing proliferating cell nuclear antigen and apoptotic cells identified by the presence of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, we compared all these values with crypts and villi measurements and their ratio. Our results indicated that both quiescent and active ISCs are present in pig intestine from birth to weaning and are localized in the crypts of the small and large intestine. However, both markers were also observed along the villi and on the colon luminal epithelium, suggesting that at these stages, pig mucosa is still immature. Weaning induced a dramatic reduction of both HOPX+ and SOX9+ cells, but SOX9+ cells underwent a significantly greater reduction in the small intestine than in the colon. This suggests that the two ISC types are differentially regulated along the intestinal tracts. Overall, the pig ISC complex has many similarities with its murine counterpart, but also has some differences. These include active ISC not showing the typical columnar base morphology as well as the absence of bona fide Paneth cells. This is the first description of ISC dynamics during pig's early life and provides useful reference data for future studies, aimed at targeting ISC for the development of efficient alternatives to in-feed antibiotics for preserving intestinal integrity.
Collapse
|
16
|
Zhou JY, Zhang SW, Lin HL, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Hydrolyzed wheat gluten alleviates deoxynivalenol-induced intestinal injury by promoting intestinal stem cell proliferation and differentiation via upregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 131:110579. [PMID: 31202940 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.110579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Disintegration of the intestine caused by deoxynivalenol (DON), which is a fungal metabolite found in cereal grain-based human and animal diets, triggers severe intestinal inflammatory disease. Hydrolyzed wheat gluten (HWG) can promote the development of intestine. Therefore, HWG was administered orally to male mice on 1-14 days, and DON was administered to them on 4-11 days. Feed, water intake and body weight were recorded all over the experimental period. Blood samples were collected then the mice were sacrificed to collect the jejunum for crypt isolation and culture. The intestinal morphology was observed by electron microscopy, and Western blotting was used to investigate intestinal stem cell (ISC) proliferation and differentiation, as well as the primary regulatory mechanism of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling. The results showed that HWG increased the average daily gain and average daily water intake of mice under DON-induced injury conditions, and increased the jejunum weight, villous height in the jejunum, and promoted jejunal crypt cell expansion. The DON-induced decrease in Wnt/β-catenin activity, the expression of Ki67, PCNA and KRT20 were rescued by HWG in the jejunum, crypt and enteroid, as well as the number of goblet cells and Paneth cells. Furthermore, HWG increased jejunum diamine oxidase (DAO) activity. In conclusion, HWG alleviates DON-induced intestinal injury by enhancing ISC proliferation and differentiation in a Wnt/β-catenin-dependent manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Sai-Wu Zhang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Hua-Lin Lin
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li XG, Zhu M, Chen MX, Fan HB, Fu HL, Zhou JY, Zhai ZY, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Acute exposure to deoxynivalenol inhibits porcine enteroid activity via suppression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Toxicol Lett 2019; 305:19-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2019.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
|
18
|
Zhou JY, Huang DG, Qin YC, Li XG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Wang XQ. mTORC1 signaling activation increases intestinal stem cell activity and promotes epithelial cell proliferation. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19028-19038. [PMID: 30937902 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The crypt-villus axis of the intestine undergoes a continuous renewal process that is driven by intestinal stem cells (ISCs). However, the homeostasis is disturbed under constant exposure to high ambient temperatures, and the precise mechanism is unclear. We found that both EdU+ and Ki67+ cell ratios were significantly reduced after exposure to 41°C, as well as the protein synthesis rate of IPEC-J2 cells, and the expression of ubiquitin and heat shock protein 60, 70, and 90 were significantly increased. Additionally, heat exposure decreased enteroid expansion and budding efficiency, as well as induced apoptosis after 48 hr; however, no significant difference was observed in the apoptosis ratio after 24 hr. In the process of heat exposure, the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling pathway was significantly inhibited in both IPEC-J2 cells and enteroids. Correspondingly, treatment of IPEC-J2 and enteroids with the mTORC1 agonist MHY1485 at 41°C significantly attenuated the inhibition of proliferation and protein synthesis, increased the ISC activity, and promoted expansion and budding of enteroid. In summary, we conclude that the mTORC1 signaling pathway regulates intestinal epithelial cell and stem cell activity during heat exposure-induced injury.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Yi Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Deng-Gui Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying-Chao Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiang-Guang Li
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Qi Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui-Chao Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiu-Qi Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control, National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Luo Z, Xu X, Sho T, Zhang J, Xu W, Yao J, Xu J. ROS-induced autophagy regulates porcine trophectoderm cell apoptosis, proliferation, and differentiation. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2018; 316:C198-C209. [PMID: 30485137 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00256.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Significant embryo loss remains a serious problem in pig production. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a critical role in embryonic implantation and placentation. However, the potential mechanism of ROS on porcine trophectoderm (pTr) cell fate during the peri-implantation period has not been investigated. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of ROS on pTr cell phenotypes and the regulatory role in cell attachment and differentiation. Herein, results showed that exogenous H2O2 inhibited pTr cell viability, arrested the cell cycle at S and G2/M phases, and increased cell apoptosis and autophagy protein light chain 3B and Beclin-1, whereas these effects were reversed by different concentrations of N-acetyl-l-cysteine (NAC) posttreatment. In addition, NAC abolished H2O2-induced autophagic flux, inhibited intracellular and mitochondrial ROS, and restored expression of genes important for mitochondrial DNA and biogenesis, cell attachment, and differentiation. NAC reversed H2O2-activated MAPK and Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways in dose-dependent manners. Furthermore, analyses with pharmacological and RNA interference approaches suggested that autophagy regulated cell apoptosis and gene expression of caudal-related homeobox 2 and IL-1β. Collectively, these results provide new insights into the role of the ROS-induced autophagy in pTr cell apoptosis, attachment, and differentiation, indicating a promising target for decreasing porcine conceptus loss during the peri-implantation period.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Luo
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Shanghai , China
| | - Xue Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Shanghai , China
| | - Takami Sho
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jing Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Shanghai , China
| | - Weina Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Shanghai , China
| | - Jianbo Yao
- Division of Animal and Nutritional Sciences, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia
| | - Jianxiong Xu
- School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology , Shanghai , China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Chen Z, Yuan Q, Xu G, Chen H, Lei H, Su J. Effects of Quercetin on Proliferation and H₂O₂-Induced Apoptosis of Intestinal Porcine Enterocyte Cells. Molecules 2018; 23:E2012. [PMID: 30103566 PMCID: PMC6222514 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23082012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2018] [Revised: 08/05/2018] [Accepted: 08/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Weanling stress and toxicosis, which are harmful to the health of pigs' intestines, are associated with oxidative stress. Quercetin (Que) is a polyphenolic compound that shows good anti-cancer, anti-inflammation and anti-oxidation effects. This study aimed to elaborate whether or not Que promotes IPEC-J2 (intestinal porcine enterocyte cells) proliferation and protects IPEC-J2 from oxidative damage. Thus, we examined the effects of Que on proliferation and H₂O₂-induced apoptosis in IPEC-J2. The results showed that Que increased IPEC-J2 viabililty, propelled cells from G1 phase into S phase and down-regulated gene levels of P27 and P21, respectively. Besides, H₂O₂-induced cell damage was alleviated by Que after different exposure times, and Que depressed apoptosis rate, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level and percentage of G1 phase cells and elevated the percentage of cells in G2 phase and S phase and mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) after IPEC-J2 exposure to H₂O₂. Meanwhile, Que reduced the value of Bax/Bcl-2 in H₂O₂ exposed cells. In low-degree oxidative damage cells, lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) content and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were increased. In turn, Que could reverse the change of MDA content and SOD activity in low-degree damage cells. Nevertheless, catalase (CAT) activity was not changed in IPEC-J2 incubated with Que under low-degree damage conditions. Interestingly, relative expressive levels of the proteins claudin-1 and occludin were not altered under low-degree damage conditions, but Que could improve claudin-1 and occludin levels, slightly. This research indicates that Que can be greatly beneficial for intestinal porcine enterocyte cell proliferation and it protects intestinal porcine enterocyte cells from oxidation-induced apoptosis, and could be used as a potential feed additive for porcine intestinal health against pathogenic factor-induced oxidative damages and apoptosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Chen
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Qiaoling Yuan
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Guangren Xu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Huiyu Chen
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Hongyu Lei
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| | - Jianming Su
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, Hunan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
LGR5 and BMI1 Increase Pig Intestinal Epithelial Cell Proliferation by Stimulating WNT/β-Catenin Signaling. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19041036. [PMID: 29601474 PMCID: PMC5979389 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19041036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Leucine-rich repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor 5 (LGR5) and B-cell-specific Moloney murine leukemia virus insertion site 1 (BMI1) are markers of fast-cycling and quiescent intestinal stem cells, respectively. To determine the functions of these proteins in large animals, we investigated their effects on the proliferation of intestinal epithelial cells from pigs. Our results indicated that LGR5 and BMI1 are highly conserved proteins and that the pig proteins have greater homology with the human proteins than do mouse proteins. Overexpression of either LGR5 or BMI1 promoted cell proliferation and WNT/β-catenin signaling in pig intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2). Moreover, the activation of WNT/β-catenin signaling by recombinant human WNT3A protein increased cell proliferation and LGR5 and BMI1 protein levels. Conversely, inhibition of WNT/β-catenin signaling using XAV939 reduced cell proliferation and LGR5 and BMI1 protein levels. This is the first report that LGR5 and BMI1 can increase proliferation of pig intestinal epithelial cells by activating WNT/β-catenin signaling.
Collapse
|
22
|
Chen F, Chen B, Guan W, Chen J, Lv Y, Qiao H, Wang C, Zhang Y. Metabolic Transition of Milk Lactose Synthesis and Up-regulation by AKT1 in Sows from Late Pregnancy to Lactation. Cell Biochem Biophys 2016; 75:131-138. [DOI: 10.1007/s12013-016-0778-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
23
|
Li XG, Sui WG, Gao CQ, Yan HC, Yin YL, Li HC, Wang XQ. L-Glutamate deficiency can trigger proliferation inhibition via down regulation of the mTOR/S6K1 pathway in pig intestinal epithelial cells1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:1541-9. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2015-9432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- X.-G. Li
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - W.-G. Sui
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - C.-Q. Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - H.-C. Yan
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| | - Y.-L. Yin
- Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan Province, China
| | - H.-C. Li
- Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus
| | - X.-Q. Wang
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University/National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics, Guangzhou 510642, China
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Gao CQ, Zhao YL, Li HC, Sui WG, Yan HC, Wang XQ. Heat stress inhibits proliferation, promotes growth, and induces apoptosis in cultured Lantang swine skeletal muscle satellite cells. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B 2016; 16:549-59. [PMID: 26055917 DOI: 10.1631/jzus.b1400339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proliferation suppression and apoptosis are the prominent characteristics induced by heat stress (HS) in cells, whereas the effects of HS on cell growth (mass accumulation) are unknown. In this study, Lantang swine (an indigenous breed of China) skeletal muscle satellite cells (SCs) were pre-cultured at 37 °C for 24 h. The HS group was subjected to HS at 41 °C, while the control group was maintained at 37 °C. Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) expression and SC size are significantly increased (P<0.05) by HS, but cell proliferation is suppressed (P<0.05) and apoptosis is induced (P<0.05). HS led to a lower percentage of SCs in the G0/G1 phase (P<0.05) together with a higher percentage of SCs in the S phase (P<0.05). However, the percentage of SCs in the G2/M phase was decreased (P<0.05) at 48 h but then increased (P<0.05) at 72 h with HS. In addition, the phosphorylation ratios of protein kinase b (Akt), ribosomal protein S6 kinase (S6K), and ribosomal protein S6 were increased (P<0.05) by HS. Nevertheless, the phosphorylation ratios of the 4E binding protein 1 and the eukaryotic initiation factor-4E were indistinguishable (P>0.05) from those of the control group. The phosphorylation ratio of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) (Ser(2448)) increased (P<0.05) within 48 h, and apparent differences were abrogated at 72 h (P>0.05). Moreover, cleaved caspase-3 expression was increased at 72 h (P<0.05). These findings indicate that HS induces apoptosis and disrupts cell cycle distribution to decrease the number of cells. Additionally, HS can promote SC growth via an activated Akt/mTOR/S6K signaling pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-qi Gao
- College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University / National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry / Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Agro-Animal Genomics and Molecular Breeding, Guangzhou 510642, China; Davis Heart & Lung Research Institute, Wexner Medical Center at the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|