Takács O, Nagyné Nedves A, Boldizsár I, Höhn M, Béni S, Gampe N. Analysis of 3-nitropropionic acid in Fabaceae plants by HPLC-MS/MS.
PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2022;
33:1205-1213. [PMID:
36111358 PMCID:
PMC10087496 DOI:
10.1002/pca.3171]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION
3-Nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) is a toxic compound that can accumulate in esterified form in the Fabaceae family. In the Lotae tribe, many species have been identified as 3-NPA producers (e.g., Securigera varia), while some of the genetically close Lotae plants were formerly reported as 3-NPA-free (e.g., Lotus corniculatus and Anthyllis vulneraria). These plants are used as forage and have a tradition in ethnomedicine, also, the extracts of A. vulneraria are used in cosmetics.
OBJECTIVES
Our aim was to investigate the 3-NPA content of these selected Fabaceae species and to develop a validated quantitative method to evaluate 3-NPA concentrations in extracts of different herbal parts and cosmetic products.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A UHPLC-ESI-Orbitrap-MS/MS method was applied for detection and identification of 3-NPA derivatives in the form of glucose esters. For the quantitative analysis, an optimized sample processing method was developed. The free 3-NPA content was determined using HPLC-ESI-MS/MS.
RESULTS
3-NPA esters could be detected in all three species, but their quantity showed a high variation. S. varia contained 0.5-1.0 g/100 g of 3-NPA, while in L. corniculatus samples only trace quantities were detectable, below the LOQ (25 ng/ml). Most of the A. vulneraria samples showed similarly low concentrations, but one sample had 3-NPA levels comparable to S. varia. 3-NPA could not be detected in the tested cosmetics containing A. vulneraria extracts.
CONCLUSIONS
Using highly sensitive analytical methods, new 3-NPA-containing species were identified. The developed validated quantitative method is suitable for the determination of 3-NPA concentrations in herbal samples.
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