1
|
Semenova V, Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Wolking RM, Choi EA. Facial and systemic mucormycosis caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera in a goat: case report and literature review of fungal infections in goats. J Vet Diagn Invest 2024; 36:463-467. [PMID: 38465904 PMCID: PMC11110776 DOI: 10.1177/10406387241236751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An 8-y-old Pygora doe was presented to the University of California-Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital because of non-healing facial swelling of 2-wk duration. The lesion grew despite medical treatment, causing discomfort masticating, little-to-no airflow from the right nasal passage, and led to euthanasia. On gross examination, a large facial mass with a draining tract through the skin and hard palate was identified. On section, the mass was brown-pink, homogeneous, and friable. Abscess-like masses were identified in the lungs and kidney. Histopathology of the face, including oral and nasal cavities, salivary glands, and lymph nodes, as well as the lung and kidney lesions, revealed large areas of necrosis with numerous wide ribbon-like, mostly aseptate, fungal hyphae consistent with zygomycetes. PCR for fungal organisms performed on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue from the face identified Lichtheimia corymbifera (formerly Absidia corymbifera) of the order Mucorales and an Aspergillus sp. The lesion was suspected to have started either as a fungal rhinitis or dental feed impaction, subsequently spreading to the face and systemically to the lungs and kidney. We describe here the lesions associated with facial mucormycosis in a goat and present a literature review of L. corymbifera infection in veterinary species and fungal infections in goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Varvara Semenova
- Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Aline Rodrigues Hoffmann
- Department of Comparative, Diagnostic and Preventive Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rebecca M. Wolking
- Washington Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Eunju April Choi
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California–Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Barbosa JD, Barbosa CC, Ferreira Filho CEDS, Moran JFG, Oliveira CMC, Bomjardim HDA, da Costa PSC, Brito MDF, Paz MC, Lamego EC, Spanamberg A, Driemeier D. Cutaneous Mucormycosis in Buffalos in the Brazilian Amazon Biome. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1327. [PMID: 38731337 PMCID: PMC11083279 DOI: 10.3390/ani14091327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
This is the first description of cutaneous mucormycosis in buffalo in the Brazilian Amazon biome. All buffalo showed apathy, inappetence, weight loss, reluctance to move, and prolonged sternal decubitus. Of the four affected animals, two died 15 and 30 days after the appearance of clinical signs. In the initial phase, the skin lesions were rounded areas with dry central regions, sensitive to palpation, with protruding edges and diameters ranging from 8 cm to 15 cm. These areas of necrosis were isolated or coalescing and present mainly on the limbs and sides. In an advanced stage of the disease, there was detachment of the skin from the necrotic areas with extensive wound formation, which sometimes exposed the subcutaneous tissue. The histopathology of the skin showed a multifocal inflammatory infiltrate composed of intact and degenerated eosinophils surrounded by epithelioid macrophages. At the center of these areas was a focally extensive area of epidermal ulceration characterized by intact and degenerated neutrophils, the necrosis of epithelial cells, and the accumulation of fibrin and erythrocytes. The mycological culture was positive for Rhizopus sp. The diagnosis of cutaneous dermatitis caused by Rhizopus sp. was based on clinical signs, macroscopic and histopathological findings, and the identification of the fungus by mycological and molecular techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- José Diomedes Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | - Camila Cordeiro Barbosa
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | | | - José Francisco Gimenez Moran
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | - Carlos Magno Chaves Oliveira
- Instituto de Medicina Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), Castanhal 68740-970, Brazil; (C.C.B.); (C.E.d.S.F.F.); (J.F.G.M.); (C.M.C.O.)
| | - Henrique dos Anjos Bomjardim
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, Instituto de Estudos do Trópico Úmido da Universidade Federal do Sul e Sudeste do Pará (Unifesspa), Xinguara 68557-335, Brazil;
| | | | - Marilene de Farias Brito
- Departamento de Epidemiologia e Saúde Pública (DESP), Instituto de Veterinária, Universidade Federal Rural do Rio de Janeiro (UFRRJ), Seropédica 23890-000, Brazil;
| | - Milena Carolina Paz
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (E.C.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Eryca Ceolin Lamego
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (E.C.L.); (D.D.)
| | - Andréia Spanamberg
- Setor de Micologia, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil;
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre 91540-000, Brazil; (M.C.P.); (E.C.L.); (D.D.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Rodrigues Hoffmann A, Ramos MG, Walker RT, Stranahan LW. Hyphae, pseudohyphae, yeasts, spherules, spores, and more: A review on the morphology and pathology of fungal and oomycete infections in the skin of domestic animals. Vet Pathol 2023; 60:812-828. [PMID: 37222139 DOI: 10.1177/03009858231173715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Fungi are among the most common infectious agents affecting the skin of animals. The skin can serve as a port of entry for fungal infections, which can eventually become disseminated. In some regions of the world, oomycetes, such as Pythium and Lagenidium, are also responsible for a significant number of severe cutaneous infections. Histologic evaluation of fungal morphology, including size, shape, septation, branching, and budding characteristics, combined with the distribution of inflammatory infiltrates within different skin layers can potentially identify etiologic agents, guiding selection of antifungals and additional diagnostics. Fungal infections of the skin surface are typically caused by Malassezia and rarely Candida, with opportunistic fungi also capable of colonizing the skin surface, especially when the barrier is broken. Folliculocentric infections, caused by dermatophytes, result in mild to severe inflammation and can occasionally penetrate deep into the skin. A wide range of fungi, including agents of hyalohyphomycosis, phaeohyphomycosis, and dimorphic fungal infections, as well as oomycetes, result in nodular cutaneous and subcutaneous lesions. With the occasional exception of dimorphic fungi, fungal speciation often requires cultures performed on fresh tissues. However, molecular techniques such as pan-fungal polymerase chain reaction on paraffin blocks is becoming an increasingly useful tool to distinguish between cutaneous fungal pathogens. This review focuses on describing the clinical and histologic features of the most common fungal and oomycete infections affecting the skin of animals, divided according to distribution patterns of lesions and fungal or oomycete morphology.
Collapse
|
4
|
Abalaka SE, Audu Z, Kolawole VO, Adeyemo BT, Idoko IS, Okafor ROS, Oyelowo-Abdulraheem FO, Tags SZ, Ogbe AO, Sanni S, Jegede OC, Sani NA, Tenuche OZ, Tizhe EV, Ejeh SA, Zachariya E. A case of chronic schistosomiasis in a Dongola stallion ( Equus ferus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) from Nigeria. J Parasit Dis 2023; 47:442-450. [PMID: 37193489 PMCID: PMC10182229 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-023-01581-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is a worldwide snail-borne parasitic infestation of man and animals with acute or chronic phases having devastating sequelae. The present case report focused on post-mortem examination of a cachexic Dongola stallion (Equus ferus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) in Abuja, Nigeria, that failed to respond to treatment. Typical dense collagenous granulomatous lesions with marked inflammatory responses and fibrosis occurred in the liver and several visceral organs of the horse along with other lesions indicative of systemic collapse. Special Ziehl-Neelsen and Periodic Acid-Schiff staining as well as microbial culture returned negative results to rule out acid-fast bacilli, fungal, and other bacterial involvement. In addition, the presence of a yellowish-brown eggshell within fibrosing granulomatous lesions led to the diagnosis of chronic schistosomiasis. Prolonged malnutrition under harsh and changing increment weather conditions with lack of medical care following the infection might have predisposed the horse to the recorded systemic collapse in the present case. The dearth of information on the ante-mortem evaluation of acute equine schistosomiasis cases notwithstanding, the observed lesions/cellular changes reinforced associated multi-organ damages and systemic collapse in chronic cases. Our findings highlighted the pathological presentations and prognosis of chronic schistosomiasis and its triggers, especially in endemic areas, and in horses that often do not present obvious clinical manifestations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Samson Eneojo Abalaka
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Zakariya Audu
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Victor Olumayowa Kolawole
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Bolade Thomas Adeyemo
- Department of Animal Health and Production, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Idoko Sunday Idoko
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | | | | | - Sam Zachariya Tags
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Adamu Okuwa Ogbe
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Saka Sanni
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Olorunfemi Cornelius Jegede
- Department of Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Nuhu Abdulazeez Sani
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Oremeyi Zaynab Tenuche
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Vandi Tizhe
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Augustine Ejeh
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| | - Esther Zachariya
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital, University of Abuja, Abuja, Nigeria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ferreira-Machado E, Ervedosa TB, Navas-Suárez PE, Figueiredo KB, de Carvalho ACSR, Takahashi JPF, de Araújo LT, de Jesus IP, de Carvalho J, Sanches T, de Azevedo Fernandes NCC, Guerra JM. Disseminated Mucor indicus infection in a marmoset (Callithrix sp.). J Med Primatol 2023; 52:190-193. [PMID: 36744618 DOI: 10.1111/jmp.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Mucormycosis is rarely described in Platyrrhines. Herein, we describe the pathologic and molecular features of a gastric and hepatic infection by Mucor indicus in a marmoset (Callithrix sp.).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ferreira-Machado
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Juliana Possatto Fernandes Takahashi
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Postgraduate Program of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande, Brazil
| | | | | | - Julia de Carvalho
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Thaís Sanches
- Center for Management and Conservation of Wild Animals (CeMaCAs), The Fauna Division of the Municipal Secretariat for Green and Environment of the Municipality of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Natália Coelho Couto de Azevedo Fernandes
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mariotti Guerra
- Pathology Center, Adolfo Lutz Institute, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil.,Laboratory of Wildlife Comparative Pathology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo State, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gnat S, Łagowski D, Nowakiewicz A, Dyląg M. A global view on fungal infections in humans and animals: opportunistic infections and microsporidioses. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:2095-2113. [PMID: 33556223 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
After cardiovascular diseases, infectious diseases are the second most common cause of death worldwide. Although these infections are caused mainly by viruses or bacteria, a systematically growing prevalence of human and animal opportunistic fungal infections is noticeable worldwide. More attention is being paid to this problem, especially due to the growing frequency of recalcitrant and recurrent mycoses. The latter are classically divided into superficial, which are the most common type, subcutaneous, and systemic. This work discusses opportunistic fungal pathogens without proven horizontal transmission between different animal species including humans and microsporidia as spore-forming unicellular parasites related to fungi; however, with a yet undetermined taxonomic position. The review also mentions aetiological agents, risk factors, epidemiology, geographical distribution, and finally symptoms characteristic for individual disease entities. This paper provides insight into fungal infections from a global perspective and simultaneously draws attention to emerging pathogens, whose prevalence is continuously increasing. Finally, this work also takes into consideration the correct nomenclature of fungal disease entities and the importance of secondary metabolites in the pathogenesis of fungal infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Gnat
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - D Łagowski
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - A Nowakiewicz
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Preclinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Life Sciences, Lublin, Poland
| | - M Dyląg
- Department of Mycology and Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Institute of Genetics and Microbiology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Johnson PJ, Townsend KS, Martin LM. Beyond conidiobolomycosis – the other ‘zygomycoses’. EQUINE VET EDUC 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/eve.13392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. J. Johnson
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Columbia Missouri USA
| | - K. S. Townsend
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Columbia Missouri USA
| | - L. M. Martin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Surgery University of Missouri College of Veterinary Medicine Columbia Missouri USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Seyedmousavi S, Bosco SDMG, de Hoog S, Ebel F, Elad D, Gomes RR, Jacobsen ID, Jensen HE, Martel A, Mignon B, Pasmans F, Piecková E, Rodrigues AM, Singh K, Vicente VA, Wibbelt G, Wiederhold NP, Guillot J. Fungal infections in animals: a patchwork of different situations. Med Mycol 2018. [PMID: 29538732 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myx104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of fungal infections in both human and animals has increased over the last decades. This article represents an overview of the different categories of fungal infections that can be encountered in animals originating from environmental sources without transmission to humans. In addition, the endemic infections with indirect transmission from the environment, the zoophilic fungal pathogens with near-direct transmission, the zoonotic fungi that can be directly transmitted from animals to humans, mycotoxicoses and antifungal resistance in animals will also be discussed. Opportunistic mycoses are responsible for a wide range of diseases from localized infections to fatal disseminated diseases, such as aspergillosis, mucormycosis, candidiasis, cryptococcosis and infections caused by melanized fungi. The amphibian fungal disease chytridiomycosis and the Bat White-nose syndrome are due to obligatory fungal pathogens. Zoonotic agents are naturally transmitted from vertebrate animals to humans and vice versa. The list of zoonotic fungal agents is limited but some species, like Microsporum canis and Sporothrix brasiliensis from cats, have a strong public health impact. Mycotoxins are defined as the chemicals of fungal origin being toxic for warm-blooded vertebrates. Intoxications by aflatoxins and ochratoxins represent a threat for both human and animal health. Resistance to antifungals can occur in different animal species that receive these drugs, although the true epidemiology of resistance in animals is unknown, and options to treat infections caused by resistant infections are limited.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seyedmojtaba Seyedmousavi
- Molecular Microbiology Section, Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Immunology (LCMI), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Sandra de M G Bosco
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biosciences-UNESP Univ Estadual Paulista Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, and Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboudumc/CWZ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Frank Ebel
- Institut für Infektionsmedizin und Zoonosen, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Elad
- Department of Clinical Bacteriology and Mycology, Kimron Veterinary Institute, Veterinary Services, Ministry of Agriculture, Beit Dagan, Israel
| | - Renata R Gomes
- Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology Graduate Programme, Curitiba Department of Basic Pathology, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Ilse D Jacobsen
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | | - An Martel
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bernard Mignon
- Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, FARAH (Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals & Health), University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Frank Pasmans
- Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Elena Piecková
- Faculty of Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Anderson Messias Rodrigues
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karuna Singh
- Department of Zoology, Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Research Group Microbial Immunology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | - Gudrun Wibbelt
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathan P Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jacques Guillot
- Department of Parasitology, Mycology and Dermatology, EA Dynamyc UPEC, EnvA, Ecole nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort, Maisons-Alfort, France
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Teh A, Hirai T, Ito S, Hidaka Y, Goto Y, Furukawa H, Sawada J, Yamaguchi R. Local extensive granulomatous inflammation of the neck region and lymphangitis caused by Lichtheimia corymbifera infection in a Japanese Black calf. Med Mycol Case Rep 2018; 21:37-40. [PMID: 30046515 PMCID: PMC6058007 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2018.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A 7-month-old female Japanese Black calf developed elongated, nodular mass measuring 30 × 16 cm extended from the retropharyngeal region to mid lateral neck region. Histological examination revealed granulomatous lymphangitis with non-septate fungal hyphae recognized throughout the lesions. Fungal culture, DNA sequencing and molecular phylogenetic tree analysis confirmed the sequence of Lichtheimia corymbifera. The lymphogenous route was speculated to be the main route of fungal spread leading to the characteristic nodular appearance of this case.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A.P.P. Teh
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - T. Hirai
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - S. Ito
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y. Hidaka
- Department of Veterinary Surgery, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Y. Goto
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - H. Furukawa
- NOSAI Miyakonojo Agricultural Insurance Association, Kamikawahigashi 3-10-8, Miyakonojo-shi, 885-0012 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - J. Sawada
- NOSAI Miyakonojo Agricultural Insurance Association, Kamikawahigashi 3-10-8, Miyakonojo-shi, 885-0012 Miyazaki, Japan
| | - R. Yamaguchi
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Miyazaki, Gakuen-kibanadai-nishi-1-1, 889-2192 Miyazaki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Evans DE, Kawabata A, Wilson LD, Kim K, Dehghanpir SD, Gaunt SD, Welborn M, Grasperge B, Gill MS. Entomophthoromycosis and mucormycosis as causes of pneumonia in Vietnamese potbellied pigs. J Vet Diagn Invest 2017; 30:161-164. [PMID: 29034814 DOI: 10.1177/1040638717729860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Vietnamese potbellied pigs ( Sus scrofa) had respiratory disease and, on autopsy, both pigs had large masses in the lungs and thoracic cavity. Microscopically, pulmonary and pleural masses contained large areas with hyphae surrounded by hypereosinophilic cellular debris rimmed by abundant eosinophils, lymphocytes, plasma cells, and histiocytes with occasional multinucleate giant cells. The hypereosinophilic debris usually formed tight cuffs, or "sleeves" around the hyphae, compatible with Splendore-Hoeppli-like material. The fungal organisms were determined by PCR to be Conidiobolus incongruus in one pig and Mucor circinelloides in the other. Entomophthoromycosis and mucormycosis should be included in the differential diagnoses for swine pneumonia, particularly when there is evidence of granulomatous pulmonary masses and pleural effusion with eosinophilic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn E Evans
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Atsushi Kawabata
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Leslie D Wilson
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Kenneth Kim
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Shannon D Dehghanpir
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Steve D Gaunt
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Matt Welborn
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Britton Grasperge
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| | - Marjorie S Gill
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences (Evans, Kawabata, Wilson, Kim, Dehghanpir, Gaunt, Grasperge), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
- Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Clinics, Food Animal Medicine (Welborn, Gill), School of Veterinary Medicine, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Abstract
Fungal respiratory disease is a rare occurrence in horses. Fungal organisms are ubiquitous in the equine environment; however, there is a geographic predisposition for disease development, with fungal respiratory infections seen more commonly by practitioners working in tropical or subtropical environments. Diagnosis and treatment of fungal respiratory infections pose a challenge for the equine practitioner, and the prognosis for complete resolution of infection is often guarded; however, new antifungal medications are likely to improve treatment success. This article summarizes the available literature regarding the cause, diagnosis, and treatment of equine fungal respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison J Stewart
- J.T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1500 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
| | - Rosemary S Cuming
- J.T. Vaughan Large Animal Teaching Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences, Auburn University College of Veterinary Medicine, 1500 Wire Road, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
|
13
|
Schwartze VU, Jacobsen ID. Mucormycoses caused by Lichtheimia species. Mycoses 2014; 57 Suppl 3:73-8. [PMID: 25186921 DOI: 10.1111/myc.12239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2013] [Revised: 02/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Mucormycoses are life-threatening infections with fungi from the order Mucorales (Mucoromycotina). Although mucormycoses are uncommon compared to other fungal infections, e.g. aspergillosis and candidiasis, the number of cases is increasing especially in immunocompromised patients. Lichtheimia (formerly Absidia) species represent the second to third most common cause of mucormycoses in Europe. This mini review presents current knowledge about taxonomy and clinical relevance of Lichtheimia species. In addition, clinical presentation and risk factors will be discussed. Proper animal infection models are essential for the understanding of the pathogenesis and the identification of virulence factors of fungal pathogens. To date, several animal models have been used to study Lichtheimia infection. A brief overview of the different models and the main conclusions from the infection experiments is summarised in this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Volker U Schwartze
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, University of Jena, Jena, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Department of Molecular and Applied Microbiology, Hans Knöll Institute, Jena, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Cafarchia C, Figueredo LA, Otranto D. Fungal diseases of horses. Vet Microbiol 2013; 167:215-34. [PMID: 23428378 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2012] [Revised: 01/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/17/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Among diseases of horses caused by fungi (=mycoses), dermatophytosis, cryptococcosis and aspergillosis are of particular concern, due their worldwide diffusion and, for some of them, zoonotic potential. Conversely, other mycoses such as subcutaneous (i.e., pythiosis and mycetoma) or deep mycoses (i.e., blastomycosis and coccidioidomycosis) are rare, and/or limited to restricted geographical areas. Generally, subcutaneous and deep mycoses are chronic and progressive diseases; clinical signs include extensive, painful lesions (not pathognomonic), which resemble to other microbial infections. In all cases, early diagnosis is crucial in order to achieve a favorable prognosis. Knowledge of the epidemiology, clinical signs, and diagnosis of fungal diseases is essential for the establishment of effective therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the clinical manifestations, diagnosis and therapeutic protocols of equine fungal infections as a support to early diagnosis and application of targeted therapeutic and control strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Cafarchia
- Dipartimento di Medicina Veterinaria, Università degli Studi di Bari, Str. prov.le per Casamassima Km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Stoute ST, Bickford AA, Walker RL, Charlton BR. Mycotic Pododermatitis and Mycotic Pneumonia in Commercial Turkey Poults in Northern California. J Vet Diagn Invest 2009; 21:554-7. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870902100424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seven 5-week-old broad-breasted white commercial meat turkeys were submitted to the California Animal Health and Food Safety laboratory in Turlock with a history of respiratory illness. The primary diagnostic findings were mycotic pododermatitis and mycotic pneumonia. The unique feature of this case was the colonization of footpad epidermis and subcutis by fungal hyphae in commercial turkey species. No fungal cultures were undertaken at the time of the necropsy; therefore, paraffin-embedded tissue sections of lung and footpads were used to extract, amplify, and sequence mycotic DNA. A mixed population of fungi was identified in both lung and footpads by polymerase chain reaction amplification of part of the large subunit ribosomal RNA gene using broad-range fungal primers and DNA sequencing. In footpads, sequences matching Cryptococcus saitoi and Cladosporium and Cudoniella species were identified. It is believed that these fungi were opportunistic pathogens originating from the litter. The fungi identified from lungs were Aspergillus species, most closely matching Aspergillus flavus and Arxiozyma telluris (most likely a contaminant). Mycotic pododermatitis in avian species is considered a rare pathologic finding, and few documented reports are available. The on-farm prevalence of footpad lesions was estimated at 3%, and there was no associated increase in the incidence of lameness or weight depression in affected birds. Microscopically, a granulomatous inflammatory reaction associated with fungal hyphae was observed in lung parenchyma. Disruption of keratinized epidermis, encrustations, and acute inflammation were also noted in footpads invaded with fungal hyphae.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Simone T. Stoute
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System Turlock Branch
- University of California, Davis, CA
| | - Arthur A. Bickford
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System Turlock Branch
- University of California, Davis, CA
| | | | - Bruce R. Charlton
- California Animal Health and Food Safety Laboratory System Turlock Branch
- University of California, Davis, CA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hughes K, Mueller K. Pathologic Lesions of Mycotic Pneumonia in an Alpaca following Third Compartment Ulceration. J Vet Diagn Invest 2008; 20:672-5. [DOI: 10.1177/104063870802000527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-year-old female alpaca was referred to The Queen's Veterinary School Hospital (Cambridge, United Kingdom) with a history of abortion 6 days previous, at approximately 245 days in gestation. The patient had developed watery diarrhea 24 hr after abortion and exhibited bruxism, progressive depression, and ultimately collapse. On presentation to the referral institute, the alpaca was unable to stand and exhibited severe tachypnea, dyspnea, and tachycardia. The patient was considered to be moribund and was euthanized. Macroscopic postmortem assessment and subsequent histological investigations revealed multifocal ulceration of the third gastric compartment, with vascular mycotic invasion and disseminated multifocal embolic mycotic pneumonia. Real-time polymerase chain reaction targeting the large ribosomal subunit (28S) performed on paraffin-embedded lung tissue successfully amplified 28S RNA specific for Aspergillus species. The primary cause of the depression and collapse of this animal was considered to be a combination of respiratory compromise due to severe embolic mycotic pneumonia and endotoxic shock associated with the ulcerative gastritis of the third gastric compartment. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report of ulcerative gastritis of the third gastric compartment histologically illustrated as a portal of entry for Aspergillus species causing embolic mycotic pneumonia in an alpaca.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Hughes
- Department of Clinical Veterinary medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| | - Karin Mueller
- Department of Clinical Veterinary medicine, The University of Cambridge, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Detection of 3-nitropropionic acid and cytotoxicity inMucor circinelloides. Mycotoxin Res 2008; 24:140-50. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03032341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2008] [Accepted: 11/14/2008] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
18
|
Begg LM, Hughes KJ, Kessell A, Krockenberger MB, Wigney DI, Malik R. Successful treatment of cryptococcal pneumonia in a pony mare. Aust Vet J 2008; 82:686-92. [PMID: 15977613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2004.tb12155.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A 20-year-old Welsh Mountain Pony (212 kg) mare was initially presented for a chronic cough, fever, weight loss and low grade abdominal pain. She later developed dyspnoea, tachypnoea and exercise intolerance. The presence of multiple masses (up to 17 cm diameter) in the pulmonary parenchyma was established using lateral thoracic radiography and transthoracic ultrasonography. Encapsulated, budding yeasts were observed in smears made from transtracheal washings and needle aspirates of the pulmonary lesions. Cryptococcus gattii (synonym: Cryptococcus neoformans variety gattii; Cryptococcus bacillisporus) was cultured from the transtracheal washings and aspirates of the lung masses. The pony was successfully treated using daily intravenous infusions of amphotericin B (typically 0.5 mg/kg in 1 L 5% dextrose in water over 1 h, following premedication with 50 mg flunixin intravenously) over a 1 month period, until a cumulative dose of 3 g had been administered. Treatment was considered to be successful on the basis of progressive improvement in clinical signs, reduction in the size of pulmonary cryptococcomas, 48 kg weight gain and a reduction in the cryptococcal antigen titre from 4096 to 256, 1 year after cessation of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L M Begg
- Randwick Equine Centre, PO Box 195, Randwick, New South Wales
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
|
20
|
Thirion-Delalande C, Guillot J, Jensen HE, Crespeau FL, Bernex F. Disseminated Acute Concomitant Aspergillosis and Mucormycosis in a Pony. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 52:121-4. [PMID: 15836442 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0442.2005.00700.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A 6-year-old female pony died after 2 days of prostration. Clinical signs included hyperthermia and abnormal pulmonary auscultation sounds. Necropsy revealed diffuse severe necrohaemorrhagic colitis and splenitis, multiple visceral ecchymoses, petechial haemorrhages in the brain and lungs. Microscopical examination showed acute necrohaemorrhagic colitis, encephalitis, pneumonia and splenitis associated with fibrinoid vasculitis, thrombosis and fungal hyphae within and around vessels. Immunohistologically, concomitant aspergillosis (caused by Aspergillus fumigatus) and mucormycosis (causde by Absidia corymbifera) were identified in the colonic and pulmonary lesions, whereas pure mucormycosis was observed in cerebral and splenic lesions. Dual mycotic infections are very rarely described, and the present case emphasizes the need of immunohistochemistry in order to obtain a clear-cut diagnosis of mixed fungal infections.
Collapse
|
21
|
Purdy CW, Layton RC, Straus DC, Ayers JR. Virulence of fungal spores determined by tracheal inoculation of goats following inhalation of aerosolized sterile feedyard dust. Am J Vet Res 2005; 66:615-22. [PMID: 15900941 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the virulence of spores of 7 fungi by tracheal inoculation of goats following exposure of goats to an aerosol of sterilized feedyard dust. Animals-54 weanling Boer-Spanish goats. PROCEDURE A prospective randomized controlled study was conducted. There were 7 fungal treatment groups, a tent control group, and a pen control group (n = 6 goats/group). Goats in the 7 treatment and tent control groups were exposed to autoclaved aerosolized feedyard dust for 4 hours in a specially constructed tent. Goats in the 7 treatment groups were then inoculated intratracheally with 30 mL of a fungal spore preparation, whereas tent control goats were intratracheally inoculated with 30 mL of physiologic saline (0.9% NaCI) solution. These treatments were repeated each week for 6 weeks. RESULTS Severity of pathologic changes differed significantly among the 7 fungal treatment groups as determined on the basis of gross atelectatic and consolidated lung lesions and histologic lesions of the lungs. Descending order for severity of lesions was Mucor ramosissimus, Trichoderma viride, Chaetomium globosum, Stachybotrys chartarum, Aspergillus fumigatus, Penicillium chrysogenum, and Monotospora lanuginosa. Trichoderma viride spores were the most invasive and were isolated from the bronchial lymph nodes and thoracic fluid of all 6 goats administered this organism. Spores were observed-histologically in lung tissues harvested 72 hours after inoculation from all treatment groups. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE 4 of 7 fungal spore types induced significantly larger lung lesions, compared with those induced by the other 3 spore types or those evident in control goats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charles W Purdy
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Conservation and Production Research Laboratory, 2300 Experiment Rd, PO Drawer 10, Bushland, TX 79012, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|