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Chaisri U, Chaicumpa W. Evolution of Therapeutic Antibodies, Influenza Virus Biology, Influenza, and Influenza Immunotherapy. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:9747549. [PMID: 29998138 PMCID: PMC5994580 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9747549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review article summarizes past and current technologies for generating antibodies for passive immunization/immunotherapy. Contemporary DNA and protein technologies have facilitated the development of engineered therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in a variety of formats according to the required effector functions. Chimeric, humanized, and human monoclonal antibodies to antigenic/epitopic myriads with less immunogenicity than animal-derived antibodies in human recipients can be produced in vitro. Immunotherapy with ready-to-use antibodies has gained wide acceptance as a powerful treatment against both infectious and noninfectious diseases. Influenza, a highly contagious disease, precipitates annual epidemics and occasional pandemics, resulting in high health and economic burden worldwide. Currently available drugs are becoming less and less effective against this rapidly mutating virus. Alternative treatment strategies are needed, particularly for individuals at high risk for severe morbidity. In a setting where vaccines are not yet protective or available, human antibodies that are broadly effective against various influenza subtypes could be highly efficacious in lowering morbidity and mortality and controlling unprecedented epidemic/pandemic. Prototypes of human single-chain antibodies to several conserved proteins of influenza virus with no Fc portion (hence, no ADE effect in recipients) are available. These antibodies have high potential as a novel, safe, and effective anti-influenza agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urai Chaisri
- Department of Tropical Pathology, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Wanpen Chaicumpa
- Center of Research Excellence on Therapeutic Proteins and Antibody Engineering, Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Jennings L, Huang QS, Barr I, Lee PI, Kim WJ, Buchy P, Sanicas M, Mungall BA, Chen J. Literature review of the epidemiology of influenza B disease in 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:383-411. [PMID: 29127742 PMCID: PMC5907823 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza control strategies focus on the use of trivalent influenza vaccines containing two influenza A virus subtypes and one of the two circulating influenza type B lineages (Yamagata or Victoria). Mismatches between the vaccine B lineage and the circulating lineage have been regularly documented in many countries, including those in the Asia‐Pacific region. We conducted a literature review with the aim of understanding the relative circulation of influenza B viruses in Asia‐Pacific countries. PubMed and Western Pacific Region Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles on influenza type B published since 1990 in English language for 15 Asia‐Pacific countries. Gray literature was also accessed. From 4834 articles identified, 121 full‐text articles were analyzed. Influenza was reported as an important cause of morbidity in the Asia‐Pacific region, affecting all age groups. In all 15 countries, influenza B was identified and associated with between 0% and 92% of laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases in any one season/year. Influenza type B appeared to cause more illness in children aged between 1 and 10 years than in other age groups. Epidemiological data for the two circulating influenza type B lineages remain limited in several countries in the Asia‐Pacific, although the co‐circulation of both lineages was seen in countries where strain surveillance data were available. Mismatches between circulating B lineages and vaccine strains were observed in all countries with available data. The data suggest that a shift from trivalent to quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines could provide additional benefits by providing broader protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Jennings
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Qiu Sue Huang
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua, New Zealand
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Somerville LK, Basile K, Dwyer DE, Kok J. The impact of influenza virus infection in pregnancy. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:263-274. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K Somerville
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kerri Basile
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic E Dwyer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jen Kok
- Centre for Infectious Diseases & Microbiology Laboratory Services, Institute of Clinical Pathology & Medical Research, New South Wales Health Pathology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases & Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
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Sharabi S, Bassal R, Friedman N, Drori Y, Alter H, Glatman-Freedman A, Hindiyeh M, Cohen D, Mendelson E, Shohat T, Mandelboim M. Forty five percent of the Israeli population were infected with the influenza B Victoria virus during the winter season 2015-16. Oncotarget 2018; 9:6623-6629. [PMID: 29464098 PMCID: PMC5814238 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
While infection with influenza A viruses has been extensively investigated, infections with influenza B viruses which are commonly categorized into the highly homologous Victoria and Yamagata lineages, are less studied, despite their considerable virulence. Here we used RT-PCR assays, hemagglutination inhibition assays and antibody titers to determine the levels of influenza B infection. We report of high influenza B Victoria virus prevalence in the 2015-16 winter season in Israel, affecting approximately half of the Israeli population. We further show that the Victoria B virus infected individuals of all ages and that it was present in the country throughout the entire winter season. The vaccine however included the inappropriate Yamagata virus. We propose that a quadrivalent vaccine, that includes both Yamagata and Victoria lineages, should be considered for future influenza vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Sharabi
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ravit Bassal
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Nehemya Friedman
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Yaron Drori
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Hadar Alter
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Aharona Glatman-Freedman
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York, United States
| | - Musa Hindiyeh
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Daniel Cohen
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Ella Mendelson
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Tamy Shohat
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- The Israel Center for Disease Control, Israel Ministry of Health, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Michal Mandelboim
- Central Virology Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Ramat-Gan, Israel
- Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Haugh M, Gresset-Bourgeois V, Macabeo B, Woods A, Samson SI. A trivalent, inactivated influenza vaccine (Vaxigrip®): summary of almost 50 years of experience and more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in over 120 countries. Expert Rev Vaccines 2017; 16:545-564. [PMID: 28460594 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2017.1324302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Vaxigrip, a trivalent split-virion, inactivated vaccine available since 1968 has been in use longer than any other influenza vaccine. It is the most widely-used influenza vaccine, with more than 1.8 billion doses distributed in more than 120 countries. Areas covered: The significant body of evidence that confirms the efficacy, effectiveness, immunogenicity, and safety of Vaxigrip in healthy individuals of all ages and at-risk populations is summarized. The results from at least 15 randomized efficacy trials and 15 other studies have demonstrated that vaccination with Vaxigrip is efficacious against various clinical endpoints. It was estimated that more than 37 million laboratory-confirmed influenza episodes, 476,000 influenza-related hospitalizations, and 67,000 influenza-related deaths have been avoided by the more than 1.8 billion doses of Vaxigrip that have been distributed, emphasizing its important public health impact. Expert commentary: This strong evidence base in favor of Vaxigrip provides a robust foundation to support the implementation of the quadrivalent formulation. This quadrivalent formulation of Vaxigrip contains two A and two B influenza strains (VaxigripTetra), and has a similar immunogenicity and safety profile to the trivalent formulation while offering broader protection due to the addition of the second influenza B strain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Viviane Gresset-Bourgeois
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
| | - Bérengère Macabeo
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
| | - Anne Woods
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
| | - Sandrine I Samson
- b Department of Medical Affairs, Value and Access and Pharmacovigilance , Sanofi Pasteur , Lyon cedex 07 , France
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Fielding JE, Levy A, Chilver MB, Deng YM, Regan AK, Grant KA, Stocks NP, Sullivan SG. Effectiveness of seasonal influenza vaccine in Australia, 2015: An epidemiological, antigenic and phylogenetic assessment. Vaccine 2016; 34:4905-4912. [PMID: 27577556 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A record number of laboratory-confirmed influenza cases were notified in Australia in 2015, during which type A(H3) and type B Victoria and Yamagata lineages co-circulated. We estimated effectiveness of the 2015 inactivated seasonal influenza vaccine against specific virus lineages and clades. METHODS Three sentinel general practitioner networks conduct surveillance for laboratory-confirmed influenza amongst patients presenting with influenza-like illness in Australia. Data from the networks were pooled to estimate vaccine effectiveness (VE) for seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine in Australia in 2015 using the case test-negative study design. RESULTS There were 2443 eligible patients included in the study, of which 857 (35%) were influenza-positive. Thirty-three and 19% of controls and cases respectively were reported as vaccinated. Adjusted VE against all influenza was 54% (95% CI: 42, 63). Antigenic characterisation data suggested good match between vaccine and circulating strains of A(H3); however VE for A(H3) was low at 44% (95% CI: 21, 60). Phylogenetic analysis indicated most circulating viruses were from clade 3C.2a, rather than the clade included in the vaccine (3C.3a). VE point estimates were higher against B/Yamagata lineage influenza (71%; 95% CI: 57, 80) than B/Victoria (42%, 95% CI: 13, 61), and in younger people. CONCLUSIONS Overall seasonal vaccine was protective against influenza infection in Australia in 2015. Higher VE against the B/Yamagata lineage included in the trivalent vaccine suggests that more widespread use of quadrivalent vaccine could have improved overall effectiveness of influenza vaccine. Genetic characterisation suggested lower VE against A(H3) influenza was due to clade mismatch of vaccine and circulating viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- James E Fielding
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia; Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Avram Levy
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Monique B Chilver
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Annette K Regan
- School of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia; Communicable Disease Control Directorate, Western Australia Department of Health, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kristina A Grant
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel P Stocks
- Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Discipline of General Practice, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia; World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Epidemiology, Fielding School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
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Barr IG, Vijaykrishna D, Sullivan SG. Differential age susceptibility to influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses in the 2015 Australian influenza season. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 21:30118. [PMID: 26848118 DOI: 10.2807/1560-7917.es.2016.21.4.30118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Influenza B viruses make up an important part of the burden from seasonal influenza globally. The 2015 season in Australia saw an unusual predominance of influenza B with a distinctive switch during the season from B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage viruses to B/Victoria/2/87 lineage viruses. We also noted significant differences in the age groups infected by the different B lineages, with B/Victoria infecting a younger population than B/Yamagata, that could not be explained by potential prior exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian G Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Jamotte A, Chong CF, Manton A, Macabeo B, Toumi M. Impact of quadrivalent influenza vaccine on public health and influenza-related costs in Australia. BMC Public Health 2016; 16:630. [PMID: 27449665 PMCID: PMC4957923 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-016-3297-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Annual trivalent influenza vaccines (TIV) containing three influenza strains (A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and one B) have been recommended for the prevention of influenza. However, worldwide co-circulation of two distinct B lineages (Victoria and Yamagata) and difficulties in predicting which lineage will predominate each season have led to the development of quadrivalent influenza vaccines (QIV), which include both B lineages. Our analysis evaluates the public health benefit and associated influenza-related costs avoided which would have been obtained by using QIV rather than TIV in Australia over the period 2002-2012. METHODS A static model stratified by age group was used, focusing on people at increased risk of influenza as defined by the Australian vaccination recommendations. B-lineage cross-protection was accounted for. We calculated the potential impact of QIV compared with TIV over the seasons 2002-2012 (2009 pandemic year excluded) using Australian data on influenza circulation, vaccine coverage, hospitalisation and mortality rates as well as unit costs, and international data on vaccine effectiveness, influenza attack rate, GP consultation rate and working days lost. Third-party payer and societal influenza-related costs were estimated in 2014 Australian dollars. Sensitivity analyses were conducted. RESULTS Using QIV instead of TIV over the period 2002-2012 would have prevented an estimated 68,271 additional influenza cases, 47,537 GP consultations, 3,522 hospitalisations and 683 deaths in the population at risk of influenza. These results translate into influenza-related societal costs avoided of $46.5 million. The estimated impact of QIV was higher for young children and the elderly. The overall impact of QIV depended mainly on vaccine effectiveness and the influenza attack rate attributable to the mismatched B lineage. CONCLUSION The broader protection offered by QIV would have reduced the number of influenza infections and its related complications, leading to substantial influenza-related costs avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurélien Jamotte
- Creativ-Ceutical, 215 rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré, 75008, Paris, France.
| | - Chui Fung Chong
- Sanofi Pasteur Asia Pacific, 38 Beach Rd, #18-11, South Beach Tower, Singapore, 189767, Singapore.,Present Address: Takeda Development Center Asia, Pte. Ltd, 21 Biopolis Road, Nucleos North Tower, Level 4, Singapore, 138567, Singapore
| | - Andrew Manton
- Commercial Eyes, Level 11 500 Collins Street, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | | | - Mondher Toumi
- Creativ-Ceutical, 215 rue du Faubourg Saint Honoré, 75008, Paris, France.,Public Health Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Aix-Marseille University, 27 boulevard Jean Moulin, 13385, Marseille Cedex 05, France
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