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Haque S, Mengersen K, Barr I, Wang L, Yang W, Vardoulakis S, Bambrick H, Hu W. Towards development of functional climate-driven early warning systems for climate-sensitive infectious diseases: Statistical models and recommendations. Environ Res 2024; 249:118568. [PMID: 38417659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/01/2024]
Abstract
Climate, weather and environmental change have significantly influenced patterns of infectious disease transmission, necessitating the development of early warning systems to anticipate potential impacts and respond in a timely and effective way. Statistical modelling plays a pivotal role in understanding the intricate relationships between climatic factors and infectious disease transmission. For example, time series regression modelling and spatial cluster analysis have been employed to identify risk factors and predict spatial and temporal patterns of infectious diseases. Recently advanced spatio-temporal models and machine learning offer an increasingly robust framework for modelling uncertainty, which is essential in climate-driven disease surveillance due to the dynamic and multifaceted nature of the data. Moreover, Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques, including deep learning and neural networks, excel in capturing intricate patterns and hidden relationships within climate and environmental data sets. Web-based data has emerged as a powerful complement to other datasets encompassing climate variables and disease occurrences. However, given the complexity and non-linearity of climate-disease interactions, advanced techniques are required to integrate and analyse these diverse data to obtain more accurate predictions of impending outbreaks, epidemics or pandemics. This article presents an overview of an approach to creating climate-driven early warning systems with a focus on statistical model suitability and selection, along with recommendations for utilizing spatio-temporal and machine learning techniques. By addressing the limitations and embracing the recommendations for future research, we could enhance preparedness and response strategies, ultimately contributing to the safeguarding of public health in the face of evolving climate challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shovanur Haque
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerrie Mengersen
- School of Mathematical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia; Centre for Data Science (CDS), Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Liping Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Division of Infectious disease, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Weizhong Yang
- School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China
| | - Sotiris Vardoulakis
- HEAL Global Research Centre, Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, ACT Canberra, 2601, Australia
| | - Hilary Bambrick
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, ACT 2601 Canberra, Australia
| | - Wenbiao Hu
- Ecosystem Change and Population Health Research Group, School of Public Health and Social Work, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia.
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Fan S, Kong H, Babujee L, Presler R, Jester P, Burke D, Pattinson D, Barr I, Smith D, Neumann G, Kawaoka Y. Assessment of the antigenic evolution of a clade 6B.1 human H1N1pdm influenza virus revealed differences between ferret and human convalescent sera. EBioMedicine 2024; 101:105013. [PMID: 38364702 PMCID: PMC10879773 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2024.105013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza viruses continually acquire mutations in the antigenic epitopes of their major viral antigen, the surface glycoprotein haemagglutinin (HA), allowing evasion from immunity in humans induced upon prior influenza virus infections or vaccinations. Consequently, the influenza strains used for vaccine production must be updated frequently. METHODS To better understand the antigenic evolution of influenza viruses, we introduced random mutations into the HA head region (where the immunodominant epitopes are located) of a pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm) virus from 2015 and incubated it with various human sera collected in 2015-2016. Mutants not neutralized by the human sera were sequenced and further characterized for their haemagglutination inhibition (HI) titers with human sera and with ferret sera raised to H1N1pdm viruses from 2009 to 2015. FINDINGS The largest antigenic changes were conferred by mutations at HA amino acid position 187; interestingly, these antigenic changes were recognized by human, but not by ferret serum. H1N1pdm viruses with amino acid changes at position 187 were very rare until the end of 2018, but have become more frequent since; in fact, the D187A amino acid change is one of the defining changes of clade 6B.1A.5a.1 viruses, which emerged in 2019. INTERPRETATION Our findings indicate that amino acid substitutions in H1N1pdm epitopes may be recognized by human sera, but not by homologous ferret sera. FUNDING This project was supported by funding from the NIAID-funded Center for Research on Influenza Pathogenesis (CRIP, HHSN272201400008C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Fan
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Huihui Kong
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Lavanya Babujee
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Robert Presler
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Peter Jester
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - David Burke
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - David Pattinson
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (VIDRL) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Derek Smith
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
| | - Gabriele Neumann
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Kawaoka
- Influenza Research Institute, Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53711, USA; Division of Virology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan; Research Center for Global Viral Diseases, National Center for Global Health and Medicine, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan; Pandemic Preparedness, Infection and Advanced Research Center (UTOPIA), The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 162-8655, Japan.
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O’Neill GK, Taylor J, Kok J, Dwyer DE, Dilcher M, Hua H, Levy A, Smith D, Minney-Smith CA, Wood T, Jelley L, Huang QS, Trenholme A, McAuliffe G, Barr I, Sullivan SG. Circulation of influenza and other respiratory viruses during the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia and New Zealand, 2020-2021. Western Pac Surveill Response J 2023; 14:1-9. [PMID: 37946717 PMCID: PMC10630701 DOI: 10.5365/wpsar.2023,14.3.948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Circulation patterns of influenza and other respiratory viruses have been globally disrupted since the emergence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the introduction of public health and social measures (PHSMs) aimed at reducing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) transmission. Methods We reviewed respiratory virus laboratory data, Google mobility data and PHSMs in five geographically diverse regions in Australia and New Zealand. We also described respiratory virus activity from January 2017 to August 2021. Results We observed a change in the prevalence of circulating respiratory viruses following the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 in early 2020. Influenza activity levels were very low in all regions, lower than those recorded in 2017-2019, with less than 1% of laboratory samples testing positive for influenza virus. In contrast, rates of human rhinovirus infection were increased. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) activity was delayed; however, once it returned, most regions experienced activity levels well above those seen in 2017-2019. The timing of the resurgence in the circulation of both rhinovirus and RSV differed within and between the two countries. Discussion The findings of this study suggest that as domestic and international borders are opened up and other COVID-19 PHSMs are lifted, clinicians and public health professionals should be prepared for resurgences in influenza and other respiratory viruses. Recent patterns in RSV activity suggest that these resurgences in non-COVID-19 viruses have the potential to occur out of season and with increased impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve K O’Neill
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Janette Taylor
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, New South Wales Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jen Kok
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, New South Wales Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dominic E Dwyer
- Centre for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Laboratory Services, New South Wales Health Pathology-Institute of Clinical Pathology and Medical Research, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Meik Dilcher
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Harry Hua
- Canterbury Health Laboratories, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Avram Levy
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Infection and Immunity, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - David Smith
- PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | - Timothy Wood
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Lauren Jelley
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Q Sue Huang
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Wellington, New Zealand
| | | | - Gary McAuliffe
- Virology and Immunology Department, LabPLUS, Auckland City Hospital, Auckland District Health Board, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Williams T, Jackson S, Barr I, Bi S, Bhiman J, Ellis J, von Gottberg A, Lindstrom S, Peret T, Rughooputh S, Viegas M, Hirve S, Zambon M, Zhang W. Results from the second WHO external quality assessment for the molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus, 2019-2020. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13073. [PMID: 36824313 PMCID: PMC9849090 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background External quality assessments (EQAs) for the molecular detection of human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are necessary to ensure the standardisation of reliable results. The Phase II, 2019-2020 World Health Organization (WHO) RSV EQA included 28 laboratories in 26 countries. The EQA panel evaluated performance in the molecular detection and subtyping of RSV-A and RSV-B. This manuscript describes the preparation, distribution, and analysis of the 2019-2020 WHO RSV EQA. Methods Panel isolates underwent whole genome sequencing and in silico primer matching. The final panel included nine contemporary, one historical virus and two negative controls. The EQA panel was manufactured and distributed by the UK National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS). National laboratories used WHO reference assays developed by the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, an RSV subtyping assay developed by the Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (Australia), or other in-house or commercial assays already in use at their laboratories. Results An in silico analysis of isolates showed a good match to assay primer/probes. The panel was distributed to 28 laboratories. Isolates were correctly identified in 98% of samples for detection and 99.6% for subtyping. Conclusions The WHO RSV EQA 2019-2020 showed that laboratories performed at high standards. Updating the composition of RSV molecular EQAs with contemporary strains to ensure representation of circulating strains, and ensuring primer matching with EQA panel viruses, is advantageous in assessing diagnostic competencies of laboratories. Ongoing EQAs are recommended because of continued evolution of mismatches between current circulating strains and existing primer sets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ian Barr
- Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityWHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Victorian Infectious Disease Reference Laboratory (VIDRL)MelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Department of Microbiology and ImmunologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Shabana Bi
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)LondonUK
- United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS) for MicrobiologyLondonUK
| | - Jinal Bhiman
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Joanna Ellis
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)LondonUK
| | - Anne von Gottberg
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and MeningitisNational Institute for Communicable Diseases (NICD) of the National Health Laboratory ServiceJohannesburgSouth Africa
- School of Pathology, Faculty of Health SciencesUniversity of the WitwatersrandJohannesburgSouth Africa
| | - Stephen Lindstrom
- Respiratory Virus Branch, Division of Viral DiseasesCenters for Disease Control and PreventionAtlantaGeorgiaUSA
| | - Teresa Peret
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal MedicineUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
- Institute for Human Infections and ImmunityUniversity of Texas Medical BranchGalvestonTexasUSA
| | - Sanjiv Rughooputh
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)LondonUK
- United Kingdom National External Quality Assessment Service (UK NEQAS) for MicrobiologyLondonUK
| | - Mariana Viegas
- Virology LaboratoryRicardo Gutiérrez Children's HospitalBuenos AiresArgentina
- National Council for Scientific and Technological Research (CONICET)Buenos AiresArgentina
| | | | - Maria Zambon
- United Kingdom Health Security Agency (UKHSA)LondonUK
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Aliaga Goltsman DS, Alexander LM, Lin JL, Fregoso Ocampo R, Freeman B, Lamothe RC, Perez Rivas A, Temoche-Diaz MM, Chadha S, Nordenfelt N, Janson OP, Barr I, Devoto AE, Cost GJ, Butterfield CN, Thomas BC, Brown CT. Compact Cas9d and HEARO enzymes for genome editing discovered from uncultivated microbes. Nat Commun 2022; 13:7602. [PMID: 36522342 PMCID: PMC9755519 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35257-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Programmable, RNA-guided nucleases are diverse enzymes that have been repurposed for biotechnological applications. However, to further expand the therapeutic application of these tools there is a need for targetable systems that are small enough to be delivered efficiently. Here, we mined an extensive genome-resolved metagenomics database and identified families of uncharacterized RNA-guided, compact nucleases (between 450 and 1,050 aa). We report that Cas9d, a new CRISPR type II subtype, contains Zinc-finger motifs and high arginine content, features that we also found in nucleases related to HEARO effectors. These enzymes exhibit diverse biochemical characteristics and are broadly targetable. We show that natural Cas9d enzymes are capable of genome editing in mammalian cells with >90% efficiency, and further engineered nickase variants into the smallest base editors active in E. coli and human cells. Their small size, broad targeting potential, and translatability suggest that Cas9d and HEARO systems will enable a variety of genome editing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ian Barr
- Metagenomi Inc. 1545 Park Ave, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
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6
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Nazareth J, Barr I, Sullivan SG, Goss C, Pan D, Martin CA, Sahota A, Stephenson I, Tang JW, Pareek M. Intra-season waning of immunity following the seasonal influenza vaccine in early and late vaccine recipients. J Infect 2022; 85:e172-e174. [PMID: 36243199 PMCID: PMC9556766 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2022.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nazareth
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK,Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian Barr
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sheena G. Sullivan
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles Goss
- Department of Occupational Health, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK,Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher A. Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK,Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Amandip Sahota
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Iain Stephenson
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Julian W. Tang
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK,Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK,Corresponding authors
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, UK,Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK,Corresponding authors
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7
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Nazareth J, Pan D, Martin CA, Barr I, Sullivan SG, Stephenson I, Sahota A, Clark TW, Nellums LB, Tang JW, Pareek M. Is the UK prepared for seasonal influenza in 2022–23 and beyond? The Lancet Infectious Diseases 2022; 22:1280-1281. [PMID: 35932777 PMCID: PMC9348822 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00503-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Nazareth
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Daniel Pan
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Christopher A Martin
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Ian Barr
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sheena G Sullivan
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Iain Stephenson
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Amandip Sahota
- Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Tristan W Clark
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Laura B Nellums
- Lifespan and Population Health, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Julian W Tang
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Manish Pareek
- Department of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK; Department of Infection and HIV Medicine, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK.
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8
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Liu X, Li X, Chen L, Hsu ACY, Asquith KL, Liu C, Laurie K, Barr I, Foster PS, Yang M. Proteomic Analysis Reveals a Novel Therapeutic Strategy Using Fludarabine for Steroid-Resistant Asthma Exacerbation. Front Immunol 2022; 13:805558. [PMID: 35280986 PMCID: PMC8913936 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.805558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus-induced asthma exacerbation is a health burden worldwide and lacks effective treatment. To better understand the disease pathogenesis and find novel therapeutic targets, we established a mouse model of steroid (dexamethasone (DEX)) resistant asthma exacerbation using ovalbumin (OVA) and influenza virus (FLU) infection. Using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MC/MS), we performed a shotgun proteomics assay coupled with label-free quantification to define all dysregulated proteins in the lung proteome of asthmatic mice. Compared to control, 71, 89, and 30 proteins were found significantly upregulated by at least two-fold (p-value ≤ 0.05) in OVA-, OVA/FLU-, and OVA/FLU/DEX-treated mice, respectively. We then applied a Z-score transformed hierarchical clustering analysis and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) to highlight the key inflammation pathways underlying the disease. Within all these upregulated proteins, 64 proteins were uniquely highly expressed in OVA/FLU mice compared to OVA mice; and 11 proteins were DEX-refractory. IPA assay revealed two of the most enriched pathways associated with these over-expressed protein clusters were those associated with MHC class I (MHC-I) antigen-presentation and interferon (IFN) signaling. Within these pathways, signal-transducer-and-activator-of-transcription-1 (STAT1) protein was identified as the most significantly changed protein contributing to the pathogenesis of exacerbation and the underlying steroid resistance based on the label-free quantification; and this was further confirmed by both Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) proteomics assay and western blots. Further, the pharmacological drug Fludarabine decreased STAT1 expression, restored the responsiveness of OVA/FLU mice to DEX and markedly suppressed disease severity. Taken together, this study describes the proteomic profile underpinning molecular mechanisms of FLU-induced asthma exacerbation and identifies STAT1 as a potential therapeutic target, more importantly, we provided a novel therapeutic strategy that may be clinically translated into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Ling Chen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kelly L. Asquith
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Karen Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul S. Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ming Yang, ; Paul S. Foster,
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Health Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, NSW, Australia
- *Correspondence: Ming Yang, ; Paul S. Foster,
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Fox A, Carolan L, Leung V, Phuong HVM, Khvorov A, Auladell M, Tseng YY, Thai PQ, Barr I, Subbarao K, Mai LTQ, van Doorn HR, Sullivan SG. Opposing Effects of Prior Infection versus Prior Vaccination on Vaccine Immunogenicity against Influenza A(H3N2) Viruses. Viruses 2022; 14:v14030470. [PMID: 35336877 PMCID: PMC8949461 DOI: 10.3390/v14030470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior vaccination can alternately enhance or attenuate influenza vaccine immunogenicity and effectiveness. Analogously, we found that vaccine immunogenicity was enhanced by prior A(H3N2) virus infection among participants of the Ha Nam Cohort, Viet Nam, but was attenuated by prior vaccination among Australian Health Care Workers (HCWs) vaccinated in the same year. Here, we combined these studies to directly compare antibody titers against 35 A(H3N2) viruses spanning 1968–2018. Participants received licensed inactivated vaccines containing A/HongKong/4801/2014 (H3N2). The analysis was limited to participants aged 18–65 Y, and compared those exposed to A(H3N2) viruses circulating since 2009 by infection (Ha Nam) or vaccination (HCWs) to a reference group who had no recent A(H3N2) infection or vaccination (Ha Nam). Antibody responses were compared by fitting titer/titer-rise landscapes across strains, and by estimating titer ratios to the reference group of 2009–2018 viruses. Pre-vaccination, titers were lowest against 2009–2014 viruses among the reference (no recent exposure) group. Post-vaccination, titers were, on average, two-fold higher among participants with prior infection and two-fold lower among participants with 3–5 prior vaccinations compared to the reference group. Titer rise was negligible among participants with 3–5 prior vaccinations, poor among participants with 1–2 prior vaccinations, and equivalent or better among those with prior infection compared to the reference group. The enhancing effect of prior infection versus the incrementally attenuating effect of prior vaccinations suggests that these exposures may alternately promote and constrain the generation of memory that can be recalled by a new vaccine strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Fox
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +61-393-429-313
| | - Louise Carolan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Vivian Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Hoang Vu Mai Phuong
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam; (H.V.M.P.); (P.Q.T.); (L.T.Q.M.)
| | - Arseniy Khvorov
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
| | - Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Yeu-Yang Tseng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
| | - Pham Quang Thai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam; (H.V.M.P.); (P.Q.T.); (L.T.Q.M.)
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;
| | - Le Thi Quynh Mai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam; (H.V.M.P.); (P.Q.T.); (L.T.Q.M.)
| | - H. Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi 100000, Vietnam;
- Centre of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7LG, UK
| | - Sheena G. Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (L.C.); (V.L.); (I.B.); (K.S.); (S.G.S.)
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; (A.K.); (Y.-Y.T.)
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10
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Auladell M, Phuong HVM, Mai LTQ, Tseng YY, Carolan L, Wilks S, Thai PQ, Price D, Duong NT, Hang NLK, Thanh LT, Thuong NTH, Huong TTK, Diep NTN, Bich VTN, Khvorov A, Hensen L, Duong TN, Kedzierska K, Anh DD, Wertheim H, Boyd SD, Good-Jacobson KL, Smith D, Barr I, Sullivan S, van Doorn HR, Fox A. Influenza virus infection history shapes antibody responses to influenza vaccination. Nat Med 2022; 28:363-372. [PMID: 35177857 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01690-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Studies of successive vaccination suggest that immunological memory against past influenza viruses may limit responses to vaccines containing current strains. The impact of memory induced by prior infection is rarely considered and is difficult to ascertain, because infections are often subclinical. This study investigated influenza vaccination among adults from the Ha Nam cohort (Vietnam), who were purposefully selected to include 72 with and 28 without documented influenza A(H3N2) infection during the preceding 9 years (Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry 12621000110886). The primary outcome was the effect of prior influenza A(H3N2) infection on hemagglutinin-inhibiting antibody responses induced by a locally available influenza vaccine administered in November 2016. Baseline and postvaccination sera were titrated against 40 influenza A(H3N2) strains spanning 1968-2018. At each time point (baseline, day 14 and day 280), geometric mean antibody titers against 2008-2018 strains were higher among participants with recent infection (34 (29-40), 187 (154-227) and 86 (72-103)) than among participants without recent infection (19 (17-22), 91 (64-130) and 38 (30-49)). On days 14 and 280, mean titer rises against 2014-2018 strains were 6.1-fold (5.0- to 7.4-fold) and 2.6-fold (2.2- to 3.1-fold) for participants with recent infection versus 4.8-fold (3.5- to 6.7-fold) and 1.9-fold (1.5- to 2.3-fold) for those without. One of 72 vaccinees with recent infection versus 4 of 28 without developed symptomatic A(H3N2) infection in the season after vaccination (P = 0.021). The range of A(H3N2) viruses recognized by vaccine-induced antibodies was associated with the prior infection strain. These results suggest that recall of immunological memory induced by prior infection enhances antibody responses to inactivated influenza vaccine and is important to attain protective antibody titers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Auladell
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Yeu-Yang Tseng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Carolan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sam Wilks
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pham Quang Thai
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - David Price
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory Epidemiology Unit and The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | | | - Le Thi Thanh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hong Thuong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Thi Kieu Huong
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Nguyen Thi Ngoc Diep
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Vu Thi Ngoc Bich
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Arseniy Khvorov
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Luca Hensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tran Nhu Duong
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Dang Duc Anh
- National Institute of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Ha Noi, Vietnam
| | - Heiman Wertheim
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam.,Department of Medical Microbiology, Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Scott D Boyd
- Stanford University Medical Centre, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kim L Good-Jacobson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Derek Smith
- Centre for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Sullivan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H Rogier van Doorn
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Wellcome Africa Asia Programme, National Hospital of Tropical Diseases, Ha Noi, Vietnam.,Centre of Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Annette Fox
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Royal Melbourne Hospital, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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11
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Brusco NK, Alafaci A, Tuckerman J, Frawley H, Pratt J, Daley AJ, Todd AK, Deng YM, Subbarao K, Barr I, Crawford NW. The 2018 annual cost burden for children under five years of age hospitalised with respiratory syncytial virus in Australia. Commun Dis Intell (2018) 2022; 46. [PMID: 35168504 DOI: 10.33321/cdi.2022.46.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the principal causes of acute bronchiolitis and respiratory tract infections in young children. Routine RSV surveillance in Australian children is limited; vaccines are in late stage development; prophylactic monoclonal antibody (mAb) treatment is available but expensive; and there has been uncertainty around the cost burden. The objective of this study was to determine the annual cost burden for children under five years of age hospitalised with RSV in a single health service in 2018, with national extrapolation based on published Australian prevalence data. The methods utilised individual patient-level cost data prospectively collected for hospitalised children under five years of age in a tertiary Melbourne paediatric hospital. Results were extrapolated to all Australian children under five years of age to determine the national annual health cost burden, from a healthcare sector perspective over a 12 month time horizon. The results included 363 children with a mean age of 9.2 months (standard deviation, SD: 8.5 months). The mean cost per child was $17,120 (SD: $37,562), with a combined health service cost of $6,214,439. The reported Australian hospitalisation rate for RSV in the target age group ranged from 2.2 to 4.5 per 1,000 children under five years of age, resulting in a 2018 extrapolated cost range of $59,218,844-$121,129,453 for the estimated 3,459-7,075 children affected (combined index and all-cause six-month readmissions). This study concluded that RSV represents a significant cost burden to Australia's health care system. These data are important for future health economic assessments of preventative therapies, such as new RSV mAb treatments and maternal/childhood RSV vaccines, and provides valuable insights to inform health care planning and health policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha K Brusco
- Alpha Crucis Group, Melbourne, Australia.,Rehabilitation, Ageing and Independent Living (RAIL) Research Centre, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Peninsula Campus, Monash University, Frankston, Australia
| | - Annette Alafaci
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne Australia
| | - Jane Tuckerman
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria. Australia
| | - Helena Frawley
- School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jeremy Pratt
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Victoria
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria. Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Angela K Todd
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Vic, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Vic, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Victoria. Australia
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12
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Liu X, Nguyen TH, Sokulsky L, Li X, Garcia Netto K, Hsu ACY, Liu C, Laurie K, Barr I, Tay H, Eyers F, Foster PS, Yang M. IL-17A is a common and critical driver of impaired lung function and immunopathology induced by influenza virus, rhinovirus and respiratory syncytial virus. Respirology 2021; 26:1049-1059. [PMID: 34472161 DOI: 10.1111/resp.14141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Influenza virus (FLU), rhinovirus (RV) and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are the most common acute respiratory infections worldwide. Infection can cause severe health outcomes, while therapeutic options are limited, primarily relieving symptoms without attenuating the development of lesions or impaired lung function. We therefore examined the inflammatory response to these infections with the intent to identify common components that are critical drivers of immunopathogenesis and thus represent potential therapeutic targets. METHODS BALB/c mice were infected with FLU, RV or RSV, and lung function, airway inflammation and immunohistopathology were measured over a 10-day period. Anti-IL-17A mAb was administered to determine the impact of attenuating this cytokine's function on the development and severity of disease. RESULTS All three viruses induced severe airway constriction and inflammation at 2 days post-infection (dpi). However, only FLU induced prolonged inflammation till 10 dpi. Increased IL-17A expression was correlated with the alterations in lung function and its persistence. Neutralization of IL-17A did not affect the viral replication but led to the resolution of airway hyperresponsiveness. Furthermore, anti-IL-17A treatment resulted in reduced infiltration of neutrophils (in RV- and FLU-infected mice at 2 dpi) and lymphocytes (in RSV-infected mice at 2 dpi and FLU-infected mice at 10 dpi), and attenuated the severity of immunopathology. CONCLUSION IL-17A is a common pathogenic molecule regulating disease induced by three prevalent respiratory viruses. Targeting the IL-17A pathway may provide a unified approach to the treatment of these respiratory infections alleviating both inflammation-induced lesions and difficulties in breathing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Thi Hiep Nguyen
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Leon Sokulsky
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Keilah Garcia Netto
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Medicine and Public Health, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke - National University of Singapore (NUS) Medical School, Singapore
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Karen Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Hock Tay
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Fiona Eyers
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul S Foster
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ming Yang
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, College of Health, Medicine and Wellbeing, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.,Priority Research Centre for Healthy Lungs, Hunter Medical Research Institute (HMRI), University of Newcastle, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
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13
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McNab S, Ha Do LA, Clifford V, Crawford NW, Daley A, Mulholland K, Cheng D, South M, Waller G, Barr I, Wurzel D. Changing Epidemiology of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Australia - delayed re-emergence in Victoria compared to WA/NSW after prolonged lock-down for COVID-19. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 73:2365-2366. [PMID: 33735388 PMCID: PMC7989588 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciab240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah McNab
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lien Anh Ha Do
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Clifford
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nigel W Crawford
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew Daley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kim Mulholland
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Daryl Cheng
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Mike South
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Greg Waller
- Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, VIDRL, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Danielle Wurzel
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Jiang W, Wong J, Tan HX, Kelly HG, Whitney PG, Barr I, Layton DS, Kent SJ, Wheatley AK, Juno JA. Screening and development of monoclonal antibodies for identification of ferret T follicular helper cells. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1864. [PMID: 33479388 PMCID: PMC7820401 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-81389-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The ferret is a key animal model for investigating the pathogenicity and transmissibility of important human viruses, and for the pre‐clinical assessment of vaccines. However, relatively little is known about the ferret immune system, due in part to a paucity of ferret‐reactive reagents. In particular, T follicular helper (Tfh) cells are critical in the generation of effective humoral responses in humans, mice and other animal models but to date it has not been possible to identify Tfh in ferrets. Here, we describe the screening and development of ferret-reactive BCL6, CXCR5 and PD-1 monoclonal antibodies. We found two commercial anti-BCL6 antibodies (clone K112-91 and clone IG191E/A8) had cross-reactivity with lymph node cells from influenza-infected ferrets. We next developed two murine monoclonal antibodies against ferret CXCR5 (clone feX5-C05) and PD-1 (clone fePD-CL1) using a single B cell PCR-based method. We were able to clearly identify Tfh cells in lymph nodes from influenza infected ferrets using these antibodies. The development of ferret Tfh marker antibodies and the identification of ferret Tfh cells will assist the evaluation of vaccine-induced Tfh responses in the ferret model and the design of novel vaccines against the infection of influenza and other viruses, including SARS-CoV2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbo Jiang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julius Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hyon-Xhi Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Hannah G Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Paul G Whitney
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research On Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research On Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel S Layton
- CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Australian Animal Health Laboratories, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Melbourne Sexual Health Clinic and Infectious Diseases Department, Alfred Hospital, Monash University Central Clinical School, Carlton, VIC, Australia.,ARC Centre for Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Jennifer A Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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15
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Zaraket H, Hurt AC, Clinch B, Barr I, Lee N. Burden of influenza B virus infection and considerations for clinical management. Antiviral Res 2020; 185:104970. [PMID: 33159999 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2020.104970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Influenza B viruses cause significant morbidity and mortality, particularly in children, but the awareness of their impact is often less than influenza A viruses partly due to their lack of pandemic potential. Here, we summarise the biology, epidemiology and disease burden of influenza B, and review existing data on available antivirals for its management. There has long been uncertainty surrounding the clinical efficacy of neuraminidase inhibitors (NAIs) for influenza B treatment. In this article, we bring together the existing data on NAIs and discuss these alongside recent large randomised controlled trial data for the new polymerase inhibitor baloxavir in high-risk influenza B patients. Finally, we offer considerations for the clinical management of influenza B, with a focus on children and high-risk patients where disease burden is highest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Zaraket
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Experimental Pathology, Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | | | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Peter Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nelson Lee
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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16
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Huddleston J, Barnes JR, Rowe T, Xu X, Kondor R, Wentworth DE, Whittaker L, Ermetal B, Daniels RS, McCauley JW, Fujisaki S, Nakamura K, Kishida N, Watanabe S, Hasegawa H, Barr I, Subbarao K, Barrat-Charlaix P, Neher RA, Bedford T. Integrating genotypes and phenotypes improves long-term forecasts of seasonal influenza A/H3N2 evolution. eLife 2020; 9:e60067. [PMID: 32876050 PMCID: PMC7553778 DOI: 10.7554/elife.60067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Seasonal influenza virus A/H3N2 is a major cause of death globally. Vaccination remains the most effective preventative. Rapid mutation of hemagglutinin allows viruses to escape adaptive immunity. This antigenic drift necessitates regular vaccine updates. Effective vaccine strains need to represent H3N2 populations circulating one year after strain selection. Experts select strains based on experimental measurements of antigenic drift and predictions made by models from hemagglutinin sequences. We developed a novel influenza forecasting framework that integrates phenotypic measures of antigenic drift and functional constraint with previously published sequence-only fitness estimates. Forecasts informed by phenotypic measures of antigenic drift consistently outperformed previous sequence-only estimates, while sequence-only estimates of functional constraint surpassed more comprehensive experimentally-informed estimates. Importantly, the best models integrated estimates of both functional constraint and either antigenic drift phenotypes or recent population growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Huddleston
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
- Molecular and Cell Biology Program, University of WashingtonSeattleUnited States
| | - John R Barnes
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Thomas Rowe
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Rebecca Kondor
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - David E Wentworth
- Virology Surveillance and Diagnosis Branch, Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)AtlantaUnited States
| | - Lynne Whittaker
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Burcu Ermetal
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Rodney Stuart Daniels
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - John W McCauley
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Crick Worldwide Influenza Centre, The Francis Crick InstituteLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Seiichiro Fujisaki
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Kazuya Nakamura
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Noriko Kishida
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Shinji Watanabe
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious DiseasesTokyoJapan
| | - Ian Barr
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- The WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneAustralia
| | - Pierre Barrat-Charlaix
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Richard A Neher
- Biozentrum, University of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Swiss Institute of BioinformaticsBaselSwitzerland
| | - Trevor Bedford
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research CenterSeattleUnited States
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17
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Young B, Sadarangani S, Haur SY, Yung CF, Barr I, Connolly J, Chen M, Wilder-Smith A. Semiannual Versus Annual Influenza Vaccination in Older Adults in the Tropics: An Observer-blind, Active-comparator-controlled, Randomized Superiority Trial. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 69:121-129. [PMID: 30277500 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciy836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibody titres and vaccine effectiveness decline within 6 months after influenza vaccination in older adults. Biannual vaccination may be necessary to provide year-round protection in the tropics, where influenza circulates throughout the year. METHODS Tropical Influenza Control Strategies (TROPICS1) was a single-center, 1:1 randomized, observer-blinded, active-comparator-controlled, superiority study in 200 community-resident adults aged ≥65 years. Participants received a standard-dose trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV3) at enrollment, and either tetanus-diphtheria-pertussis vaccination or IIV3 6 months later. The primary outcome was the proportion of participants with haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) geometric mean titre (GMT) ≥1:40 1 month after the second vaccination (month 7). Secondary outcomes included GMTs to month 12, the incidence of influenza-like illness (ILI), and adverse reactions after vaccination. RESULTS At month 7, the proportion of participants with an HI tire ≥1:40 against A/H1N1 increased by 21.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8.6-33.4) in the semiannual vaccination group. This proportion was not significantly higher for A/H3N2 (4.3, 95% CI -1.1-10.8) or B (2.1, 95% CI -2.0-7.3). Semiannual vaccination significantly increased GMTs against A/H1N1 and A/H3N2, but not B, at month 7. Participants receiving a repeat vaccination of IIV3 reported a significantly lower incidence of ILI in the 6 months after the second vaccination (relative vaccine effectiveness 57.1%, 95% CI 0.6-81.5). The frequency of adverse events was similar after the first and second influenza vaccinations. CONCLUSIONS Semiannual influenza vaccination in older residents of tropical countries has the potential to improve serological measures of protection against infection. Alternative vaccination strategies should also be studied. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT02655874.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barnaby Young
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Sapna Sadarangani
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University
| | - Sen Yew Haur
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital
| | - Chee Fu Yung
- Infectious Disease Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
| | - Ian Barr
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville.,Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - John Connolly
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Proteos
| | - Mark Chen
- National Centre for Infectious Diseases.,Tan Tock Seng Hospital.,Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, Tahir Foundation Building, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Annelies Wilder-Smith
- Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University.,Institute of Public Health, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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18
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Jackson S, Peret TCT, Ziegler TT, Thornburg NJ, Besselaar T, Broor S, Barr I, Baumeister E, Chadha M, Chittaganpitch M, Darmaa B, Ellis J, Fasce R, Herring B, Herve K, Hirve S, Li Y, Pisareva M, Moen A, Naguib A, Palekar R, Potdar V, Siqueira M, Treurnicht F, Tivane A, Venter M, Wairagkar N, Zambon M, Zhang W. Results from the WHO external quality assessment for the respiratory syncytial virus pilot, 2016-17. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:671-677. [PMID: 32730685 PMCID: PMC7578327 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background External quality assessments (EQAs) for the molecular detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) are necessary to ensure the provision of reliable and accurate results. One of the objectives of the pilot of the World Health Organization (WHO) Global RSV Surveillance, 2016‐2017, was to evaluate and standardize RSV molecular tests used by participating countries. This paper describes the first WHO RSV EQA for the molecular detection of RSV. Methods The WHO implemented the pilot of Global RSV Surveillance based on the WHO Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) from 2016 to 2018 in 14 countries. To ensure standardization of tests, 13 participating laboratories were required to complete a 12 panel RSV EQA prepared and distributed by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), USA. The 14th laboratory joined the pilot late and participated in a separate EQA. Laboratories evaluated a RSV rRT‐PCR assay developed by CDC and compared where applicable, other Laboratory Developed Tests (LDTs) or commercial assays already in use at their laboratories. Results Laboratories performed well using the CDC RSV rRT‐PCR in comparison with LDTs and commercial assays. Using the CDC assay, 11 of 13 laboratories reported correct results. Two laboratories each reported one false‐positive finding. Of the laboratories using LDTs or commercial assays, results as assessed by Ct values were 100% correct for 1/5 (20%). With corrective actions, all laboratories achieved satisfactory outputs. Conclusions These findings indicate that reliable results can be expected from this pilot. Continued participation in EQAs for the molecular detection of RSV is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Jackson
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Teresa C T Peret
- Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Thedi T Ziegler
- Research Center for Child Psychiatry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Natalie J Thornburg
- Division of Viral Diseases, Respiratory Viruses Branch, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Terry Besselaar
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Shobha Broor
- Medicine and Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenaryl University, Gurugram, India
| | - Ian Barr
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Elsa Baumeister
- Departamento Virologia, INEI-ANLIS Carlos G Malbrán, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mandeep Chadha
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Badarch Darmaa
- Virology Laboratory, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - Joanna Ellis
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Sub-department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Belinda Herring
- African Region Office, World Health Organization, Brazzaville, Republic of Congo
| | - Kadjo Herve
- Department of Epidemic Viruses, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Yan Li
- Influenza and Respiratory Viruses Section, National Microbiology Laboratory, Public Health Agency of Canada, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Maria Pisareva
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Ann Moen
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Amel Naguib
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Varsha Potdar
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Florette Treurnicht
- Centre for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Almiro Tivane
- Laboratório de Isolamento Viral, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Marietjie Venter
- Center for Viral Zoonosis, Department of Medical Virology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | | | - Maria Zambon
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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19
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Chadha M, Hirve S, Bancej C, Barr I, Baumeister E, Caetano B, Chittaganpitch M, Darmaa B, Ellis J, Fasce R, Kadjo H, Jackson S, Leung V, Pisareva M, Moyes J, Naguib A, Tivane A, Zhang W. Human respiratory syncytial virus and influenza seasonality patterns-Early findings from the WHO global respiratory syncytial virus surveillance. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2020; 14:638-646. [PMID: 32163226 PMCID: PMC7578323 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes illnesses among all age groups and presents a burden to healthcare services. To better understand the epidemiology and seasonality of RSV in different geographical areas, the World Health Organization (WHO) coordinated a pilot initiative to access the feasibility of establishing RSV surveillance using the existing Global Influenza Surveillance and Response System (GISRS) platform. Objectives To describe and compare RSV and influenza seasonality in countries in the northern andsouthern temperate, and tropics during the period January 2017 to April 2019. Methods Fourteen countries in six WHO regions participating in the GISRS were invited for the pilot. Hospitalized patients presenting with severe acute respiratory illness (SARI), SARI without fever and outpatients presenting with acute respiratory illness (ARI) were enrolled from January 2017 to April 2019. The expected minimum sample size was 20 samples per week, year‐round, per country. Real‐time RT‐PCR was used to detect RSV and influenza viruses. Results were uploaded to the WHO FluMart platform. Results Annual seasonality of RSV was observed in all countries, which overlapped to a large extent with the influenza activity. In countries, in temperate regions RSV peaked in the autumn/winter months. In Egypt, a subtropical country, RSV activity peaked in the cooler season. In the tropical regions, RSV peaked during the rainy seasons. Conclusion Early findings from the WHO RSV surveillance pilot based on the GISRS suggest annual seasonal patterns for of RSV circulation that overlap with influenza. RSV surveillance needs to be continued for several more seasons to establish seasonality patterns to inform prevention and control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandeep Chadha
- National Institute of Virology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Pune, India
| | | | - Christina Bancej
- Centre for Immunization and Respiratory Infections, Public Health Agency of Canada, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Ian Barr
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elsa Baumeister
- Departamento Virologia, INEI-ANLIS "Carlos G Malbrán", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Badarch Darmaa
- Virology Laboratory, National Center for Communicable Diseases, Ulan baatar, Mongolia
| | - Joanna Ellis
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rodrigo Fasce
- Sub-department of Viral Diseases, Instituto de Salud Pública de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Herve Kadjo
- Department of Epidemic Viruses, Institut Pasteur de Côte d'Ivoire, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Sandra Jackson
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Vivian Leung
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Maria Pisareva
- Laboratory of Molecular Virology, Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza, St. Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Jocelyn Moyes
- Center for Respiratory Diseases and Meningitis, National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Amel Naguib
- Central Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Almiro Tivane
- Laboratório de Isolamento Viral, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
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20
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Vanderven HA, Barr I, Reynaldi A, Wheatley AK, Wines BD, Davenport MP, Hogarth PM, Kent SJ. Fc functional antibody responses to adjuvanted versus unadjuvanted seasonal influenza vaccination in community-dwelling older adults. Vaccine 2020; 38:2368-2377. [PMID: 32035709 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.01.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Seasonal influenza vaccination with a standard trivalent influenza vaccine (TIV) induces a modest, and cross-reactive, Fc functional antibody response in older adults. Recent improvements to influenza vaccines include a quadrivalent influenza vaccine (QIV) and a TIV adjuvanted with the squalene-based oil-in-water emulsion MF59. METHODS Pre- and post-vaccination serum samples from older adults vaccinated with QIV (n = 27) and adjuvanted TIV (n = 44) were studied using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays and dimeric Fc-gamma receptor IIIa binding ELISAs, as a surrogate of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). RESULTS We found that the unadjuvanted QIV elicited a stronger HAI response against the H1N1 vaccine virus than the adjuvanted TIV. Post-vaccination levels of HA-specific ADCC antibodies were similar for older adults vaccinated with QIV and adjuvanted TIV. The ADCC response to influenza vaccination was largely determined by pre-vaccination or baseline levels of these antibodies, with older adults with low baseline levels of ADCC activity demonstrating greater post-vaccination rises. CONCLUSIONS In this cohort of community-dwelling older adults, the QIV was at least as good as the adjuvanted TIV in the induction of ADCC and HAI responses. Further studies on how these antibody responses translate to efficacy in preventing influenza infections are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Vanderven
- Biomedicine, College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, Queensland, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Arnold Reynaldi
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Miles P Davenport
- Infection Analytics Program, Kirby Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of New South Wales Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Immune Therapies Laboratory, Burnet Institute, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Australia.
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21
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Martins AM, Latham JA, Martel PJ, Barr I, Iavarone AT, Klinman JP. A two-component protease in Methylorubrum extorquens with high activity toward the peptide precursor of the redox cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:15025-15036. [PMID: 31427437 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.009684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone is a prominent redox cofactor in many prokaryotes, produced from a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified peptide PqqA via a pathway comprising four conserved proteins PqqB-E. These four proteins are now fairly well-characterized and span radical SAM activity (PqqE), aided by a peptide chaperone (PqqD), a dual hydroxylase (PqqB), and an eight-electron, eight-proton oxidase (PqqC). A full description of this pathway has been hampered by a lack of information regarding a protease/peptidase required for the excision of an early, cross-linked di-amino acid precursor to pyrroloquinoline quinone. Herein, we isolated and characterized a two-component heterodimer protein from the α-proteobacterium Methylobacterium (Methylorubrum) extorquens that can rapidly catalyze cleavage of PqqA into smaller peptides. Using pulldown assays, surface plasmon resonance, and isothermal calorimetry, we demonstrated the formation of a complex PqqF/PqqG, with a KD of 300 nm We created a molecular model of the heterodimer by comparison with the Sphingomonas sp. A1 M16B Sph2681/Sph2682 protease. Analysis of time-dependent patterns for the appearance of proteolysis products indicates high specificity of PqqF/PqqG for serine side chains. We hypothesize that PqqF/PqqG initially cleaves between the PqqE/PqqD-generated cross-linked form of PqqA, with nonspecific cellular proteases completing the release of a suitable substrate for the downstream enzyme PqqB. The finding of a protease that specifically targets serine side chains is rare, and we propose that this activity may be useful in proteomic analyses of the large family of proteins that have undergone post-translational phosphorylation at serine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Martins
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - John A Latham
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 8020
| | - Paulo J Martel
- Centre for Biomedical Research, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of the Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
| | - Ian Barr
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720.,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Judith P Klinman
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 .,Department of Chemistry, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720.,Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
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22
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Koutsakos M, Illing PT, Nguyen THO, Mifsud NA, Crawford JC, Rizzetto S, Eltahla AA, Clemens EB, Sant S, Chua BY, Wong CY, Allen EK, Teng D, Dash P, Boyd DF, Grzelak L, Zeng W, Hurt AC, Barr I, Rockman S, Jackson DC, Kotsimbos TC, Cheng AC, Richards M, Westall GP, Loudovaris T, Mannering SI, Elliott M, Tangye SG, Wakim LM, Rossjohn J, Vijaykrishna D, Luciani F, Thomas PG, Gras S, Purcell AW, Kedzierska K. Human CD8 + T cell cross-reactivity across influenza A, B and C viruses. Nat Immunol 2019; 20:613-625. [PMID: 30778243 DOI: 10.1038/s41590-019-0320-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A, B and C viruses (IAV, IBV and ICV, respectively) circulate globally and infect humans, with IAV and IBV causing the most severe disease. CD8+ T cells confer cross-protection against IAV strains, however the responses of CD8+ T cells to IBV and ICV are understudied. We investigated the breadth of CD8+ T cell cross-recognition and provide evidence of CD8+ T cell cross-reactivity across IAV, IBV and ICV. We identified immunodominant CD8+ T cell epitopes from IBVs that were protective in mice and found memory CD8+ T cells directed against universal and influenza-virus-type-specific epitopes in the blood and lungs of healthy humans. Lung-derived CD8+ T cells displayed tissue-resident memory phenotypes. Notably, CD38+Ki67+CD8+ effector T cells directed against novel epitopes were readily detected in IAV- or IBV-infected pediatric and adult subjects. Our study introduces a new paradigm whereby CD8+ T cells confer unprecedented cross-reactivity across all influenza viruses, a key finding for the design of universal vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marios Koutsakos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Patricia T Illing
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thi H O Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole A Mifsud
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Simone Rizzetto
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Auda A Eltahla
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - E Bridie Clemens
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sneha Sant
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendon Y Chua
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Chinn Yi Wong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - E Kaitlynn Allen
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Don Teng
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pradyot Dash
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - David F Boyd
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ludivine Grzelak
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Biology Department, École Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, Cachan, France
| | - Weiguang Zeng
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, at The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Applied Biomedical Sciences, Federation University, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Seqirus, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David C Jackson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Research Center for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tom C Kotsimbos
- Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, Monash University, Central Clinical School, The Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Allen C Cheng
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Prevention and Healthcare Epidemiology Unit, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Richards
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Glen P Westall
- Lung Transplant Unit, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Unit, St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, Fitzroy, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Michael Elliott
- Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Chris O'Brien Lifehouse Cancer Centre, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stuart G Tangye
- Immunology Division, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Linda M Wakim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jamie Rossjohn
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Institute of Infection and Immunity, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Heath Park, Cardiff, UK
| | - Dhanasekaran Vijaykrishna
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fabio Luciani
- School of Medical Sciences and The Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Stephanie Gras
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Advanced Molecular Imaging, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Anthony W Purcell
- Infection and Immunity Program & Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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23
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Belser JA, Barclay W, Barr I, Fouchier RAM, Matsuyama R, Nishiura H, Peiris M, Russell CJ, Subbarao K, Zhu H, Yen HL. Ferrets as Models for Influenza Virus Transmission Studies and Pandemic Risk Assessments. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:965-971. [PMID: 29774862 PMCID: PMC6004870 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.172114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The ferret transmission model is extensively used to assess the pandemic potential of emerging influenza viruses, yet experimental conditions and reported results vary among laboratories. Such variation can be a critical consideration when contextualizing results from independent risk-assessment studies of novel and emerging influenza viruses. To streamline interpretation of data generated in different laboratories, we provide a consensus on experimental parameters that define risk-assessment experiments of influenza virus transmissibility, including disclosure of variables known or suspected to contribute to experimental variability in this model, and advocate adoption of more standardized practices. We also discuss current limitations of the ferret transmission model and highlight continued refinements and advances to this model ongoing in laboratories. Understanding, disclosing, and standardizing the critical parameters of ferret transmission studies will improve the comparability and reproducibility of pandemic influenza risk assessment and increase the statistical power and, perhaps, accuracy of this model.
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24
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Suttie A, Yann S, Y P, Tum S, Deng YM, Hul V, Horm VS, Barr I, Greenhill A, Horwood PF, Osbjer K, Karlsson EA, Dussart P. Detection of Low Pathogenicity Influenza A(H7N3) Virus during Duck Mortality Event, Cambodia, 2017. Emerg Infect Dis 2019; 24:1103-1107. [PMID: 29774842 PMCID: PMC6004859 DOI: 10.3201/eid2406.172099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In January 2017, an estimated 3,700 (93%) of 4,000 Khaki Campbell ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus) died in Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia. We detected low pathogenicity avian influenza A(H7N3) virus and anatid herpesvirus 1 (duck plague) in the affected flock; however, the exact cause of the mortality event remains unclear.
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25
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Abstract
For over a decade virtually all A(H3N2) influenza viruses have been resistant to the adamantane class of antivirals. However, during the 2017 influenza season in Australia, 15/461 (3.3%) adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses encoding serine at residue 31 of the M2 protein were detected, more than the total number identified globally during the last 6 years. A return to wide circulation of adamantane-sensitive A(H3N2) viruses would revive the option of using these drugs for treatment and prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aeron Hurt
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi Komadina
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew Kaye
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Sullivan
- School of Global and Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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26
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Jennings L, Huang QS, Barr I, Lee PI, Kim WJ, Buchy P, Sanicas M, Mungall BA, Chen J. Literature review of the epidemiology of influenza B disease in 15 countries in the Asia-Pacific region. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2018; 12:383-411. [PMID: 29127742 PMCID: PMC5907823 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza control strategies focus on the use of trivalent influenza vaccines containing two influenza A virus subtypes and one of the two circulating influenza type B lineages (Yamagata or Victoria). Mismatches between the vaccine B lineage and the circulating lineage have been regularly documented in many countries, including those in the Asia‐Pacific region. We conducted a literature review with the aim of understanding the relative circulation of influenza B viruses in Asia‐Pacific countries. PubMed and Western Pacific Region Index Medicus were searched for relevant articles on influenza type B published since 1990 in English language for 15 Asia‐Pacific countries. Gray literature was also accessed. From 4834 articles identified, 121 full‐text articles were analyzed. Influenza was reported as an important cause of morbidity in the Asia‐Pacific region, affecting all age groups. In all 15 countries, influenza B was identified and associated with between 0% and 92% of laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases in any one season/year. Influenza type B appeared to cause more illness in children aged between 1 and 10 years than in other age groups. Epidemiological data for the two circulating influenza type B lineages remain limited in several countries in the Asia‐Pacific, although the co‐circulation of both lineages was seen in countries where strain surveillance data were available. Mismatches between circulating B lineages and vaccine strains were observed in all countries with available data. The data suggest that a shift from trivalent to quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines could provide additional benefits by providing broader protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lance Jennings
- Canterbury District Health Board, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Qiu Sue Huang
- WHO National Influenza Centre, Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Porirua, New Zealand
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ping-Ing Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Woo Joo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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27
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Barr I, Stich TA, Gizzi A, Grove T, Bonanno JB, Latham JA, Chung T, Wilmot CM, Britt RD, Almo SC, Klinman JP. X-ray and EPR Characterization of the Auxiliary Fe-S Clusters in the Radical SAM Enzyme PqqE. Biochemistry 2018; 57:1306-1315. [PMID: 29405700 PMCID: PMC5905707 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.7b01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The Radical SAM (RS) enzyme PqqE catalyzes the first step in the biosynthesis of the bacterial cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone, forming a new carbon-carbon bond between two side chains within the ribosomally synthesized peptide substrate PqqA. In addition to the active site RS 4Fe-4S cluster, PqqE is predicted to have two auxiliary Fe-S clusters, like the other members of the SPASM domain family. Here we identify these sites and examine their structure using a combination of X-ray crystallography and Mössbauer and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopies. X-ray crystallography allows us to identify the ligands to each of the two auxiliary clusters at the C-terminal region of the protein. The auxiliary cluster nearest the RS site (AuxI) is in the form of a 2Fe-2S cluster ligated by four cysteines, an Fe-S center not seen previously in other SPASM domain proteins; this assignment is further supported by Mössbauer and EPR spectroscopies. The second, more remote cluster (AuxII) is a 4Fe-4S center that is ligated by three cysteine residues and one aspartate residue. In addition, we examined the roles these ligands play in catalysis by the RS and AuxII clusters using site-directed mutagenesis coupled with EPR spectroscopy. Lastly, we discuss the possible functional consequences that these unique AuxI and AuxII clusters may have in catalysis for PqqE and how these may extend to additional RS enzymes catalyzing the post-translational modification of ribosomally encoded peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Barr
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Troy A. Stich
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95695, United States
| | - Anthony Gizzi
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Tyler Grove
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Bonanno
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - John A. Latham
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Tyler Chung
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Carrie M. Wilmot
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, and Biophysics, and The Biotechnology Institute, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
| | - R. David Britt
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis, California 95695, United States
| | - Steven C. Almo
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein School of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, United States
| | - Judith P. Klinman
- California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
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28
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Geoghegan JL, Saavedra AF, Duchêne S, Sullivan S, Barr I, Holmes EC. Correction: Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climactic variation. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006903. [PMID: 29414984 PMCID: PMC5802929 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006780.].
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29
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Geoghegan JL, Saavedra AF, Duchêne S, Sullivan S, Barr I, Holmes EC. Continental synchronicity of human influenza virus epidemics despite climatic variation. PLoS Pathog 2018; 14:e1006780. [PMID: 29324895 PMCID: PMC5764404 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The factors that determine the pattern and rate of spread of influenza virus at a continental-scale are uncertain. Although recent work suggests that influenza epidemics in the United States exhibit a strong geographical correlation, the spatiotemporal dynamics of influenza in Australia, a country and continent of approximately similar size and climate complexity but with a far smaller population, are not known. Using a unique combination of large-scale laboratory-confirmed influenza surveillance comprising >450,000 entries and genomic sequence data we determined the local-level spatial diffusion of this important human pathogen nationwide in Australia. We used laboratory-confirmed influenza data to characterize the spread of influenza virus across Australia during 2007-2016. The onset of established epidemics varied across seasons, with highly synchronized epidemics coinciding with the emergence of antigenically distinct viruses, particularly during the 2009 A/H1N1 pandemic. The onset of epidemics was largely synchronized between the most populous cities, even those separated by distances of >3000 km and those that experience vastly diverse climates. In addition, by analyzing global phylogeographic patterns we show that the synchronized dissemination of influenza across Australian cities involved multiple introductions from the global influenza population, coupled with strong domestic connectivity, rather than through the distinct radial patterns of geographic dispersal that are driven by work-flow transmission as observed in the United States. In addition, by comparing the spatial structure of influenza A and B, we found that these viruses tended to occupy different geographic regions, and peak in different seasons, perhaps indicative of moderate cross-protective immunity or viral interference effects. The highly synchronized outbreaks of influenza virus at a continental-scale revealed here highlight the importance of coordinated public health responses in the event of the emergence of a novel, human-to-human transmissible, virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemma L. Geoghegan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Aldo F. Saavedra
- Centre for Translational Data Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sebastián Duchêne
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sheena Sullivan
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- World Health Organization (WHO) Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Gippsland Campus, Churchill, Victoria, Australia
| | - Edward C. Holmes
- Marie Bashir Institute for Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, Charles Perkins Centre, School of Life and Environmental Sciences and Sydney Medical School, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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30
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Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Johnston APR, Hogarth PM, Wines BD, Barr I, Wheatley AK, Kent SJ. Antibody-dependent phagocytosis (ADP) responses following trivalent inactivated influenza vaccination of younger and older adults. Vaccine 2017; 35:6451-6458. [PMID: 29029940 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.09.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2017] [Revised: 09/14/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Globally the most commonly utilised immunisation against influenza is the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) derived from an A/H1N1, an A/H3N2 and aB type influenza virus. Vaccine effectiveness of TIV varies year to year, depending on how well antigenically matched the strains in the vaccine are compared to circulating strains [1,2]. Moreover, vaccine effectiveness can vary within certain subpopulations such as HIV-positive, young children and the elderly. Decreased vaccine effectiveness in the elderly is associated with impaired Ab production, as measured by standard hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) assays. We investigated the level of Antibody Dependent Phagocytosis (ADP)-mediating Abs induced by the 2008-TIV in healthy Australian adults aged over and under 60years to determine if this immune function was also reduced in the elderly. We utilised an ADP assay that measures the uptake of IgG-opsonised HA-coated fluorescent microspheres by a monocytic cell line. We also measured HA-specific Abs that are close enough to bind to dimeric FcγRIIa ectodomains in an ELISA-based assay. Furthermore, we compared the extent of cross-reactive recognition of diverse influenza strains by ADP-mediating Abs found in pre- and post-vaccination sera in both of these groups. We found that young adults and older adults mounted similar ADP activity against HAs contained in the 2008-TIV, despite older adults have diminished HI responses. The level of cross-reactive antibodies against other HAs was limited in both groups. We conclude that seasonal influenza vaccination elicits limited cross-reactive ADP to HA in both young and older adults. New influenza vaccination strategies that elicit cross-reactive and polyfunctional antibodies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Angus P R Johnston
- Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics Laboratory, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash University, Parkville, Australia
| | - P Mark Hogarth
- Burnett Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Bruce D Wines
- Burnett Institute, 85 Commercial Rd, Melbourne, VIC 3004, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Adam K Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Central Clinical School, Monash University, 580 Swanston Street, Carlton, VIC 3053, Melbourne, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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31
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Latham JA, Barr I, Klinman JP. At the confluence of ribosomally synthesized peptide modification and radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) enzymology. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:16397-16405. [PMID: 28830931 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.r117.797399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical S-adenosylmethionine (RS) enzymology has emerged as a major biochemical strategy for the homolytic cleavage of unactivated C-H bonds. At the same time, the post-translational modification of ribosomally synthesized peptides is a rapidly expanding area of investigation. We discuss the functional cross-section of these two disciplines, highlighting the recently uncovered importance of protein-protein interactions, especially between the peptide substrate and its chaperone, which functions either as a stand-alone protein or as an N-terminal fusion to the respective RS enzyme. The need for further work on this class of enzymes is emphasized, given the poorly understood roles performed by multiple, auxiliary iron-sulfur clusters and the paucity of protein X-ray structural data.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Latham
- From the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Denver, Denver, Colorado 80208 and
| | - Ian Barr
- the California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Judith P Klinman
- the California Institute of Quantitative Biosciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720 .,the Departments of Chemistry and.,Molecular and Cell Biology and
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32
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McAuley J, Deng YM, Gilbertson B, Mackenzie-Kludas C, Barr I, Brown L. Rapid evolution of the PB1-F2 virulence protein expressed by human seasonal H3N2 influenza viruses reduces inflammatory responses to infection. Virol J 2017; 14:162. [PMID: 28830486 PMCID: PMC5568198 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-017-0827-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) PB1-F2 protein has been linked to viral virulence. Strains of the H3N2 subtype historically express full-length PB1-F2 proteins but during the 2010-2011 influenza seasons, nearly half of the circulating H3N2 IAVs encoded truncated PB1-F2 protein. Using a panel of reverse engineered H3N2 IAVs differing only in the origin of the PB1 gene segment, we found that only the virus encoding the avian-derived 1968 PB1 gene matching the human pandemic strain enhanced cellular infiltrate into the alveolar spaces of infected mice. We linked this phenomenon to expression of full-length PB1-F2 protein encompassing critical "inflammatory" residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie McAuley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Yi-Mo Deng
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (WHO-CCRRI) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brad Gilbertson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Charley Mackenzie-Kludas
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza (WHO-CCRRI) at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lorena Brown
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
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33
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Douglas AP, Trubiano JA, Barr I, Leung V, Slavin MA, Tam CS. Ibrutinib may impair serological responses to influenza vaccination. Haematologica 2017; 102:e397-e399. [PMID: 28659336 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2017.164285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Abby P Douglas
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A Trubiano
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, Australia
| | - Vivian Leung
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, VIC, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Infectious Diseases Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Constantine S Tam
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, VIC, Australia .,Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital, VIC, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, VIC, Australia
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34
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Hampson A, Barr I, Cox N, Donis RO, Siddhivinayak H, Jernigan D, Katz J, McCauley J, Motta F, Odagiri T, Tam JS, Waddell A, Webby R, Ziegler T, Zhang W. Improving the selection and development of influenza vaccine viruses - Report of a WHO informal consultation on improving influenza vaccine virus selection, Hong Kong SAR, China, 18-20 November 2015. Vaccine 2017; 35:1104-1109. [PMID: 28131392 PMCID: PMC5357705 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2017.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Since 2010 the WHO has held a series of informal consultations to explore ways of improving the currently highly complex and time-pressured influenza vaccine virus selection and development process. In November 2015 experts from around the world met to review the current status of efforts in this field. Discussion topics included strengthening influenza surveillance activities to increase the availability of candidate vaccine viruses and improve the extent, timeliness and quality of surveillance data. Consideration was also given to the development and potential application of newer laboratory assays to better characterize candidate vaccine viruses, the potential importance of antibodies directed against influenza virus neuraminidase, and the role of vaccine effectiveness studies. Advances in next generation sequencing and whole genome sequencing of influenza viruses were also discussed, along with associated developments in synthetic genomics technologies, evolutionary analysis and predictive mathematical modelling. Discussions were also held on the late emergence of an antigenic variant influenza A(H3N2) virus in mid-2014 that could not be incorporated in time into the 2014–15 northern hemisphere vaccine. There was broad recognition that given the current highly constrained influenza vaccine development and production timeline it would remain impossible to incorporate any variant virus which emerged significantly long after the relevant WHO biannual influenza vaccine composition meetings. Discussions were also held on the development of pandemic and broadly protective vaccines, and on associated regulatory and manufacturing requirements and constraints. With increasing awareness of the health and economic burdens caused by seasonal influenza, the ever-present threat posed by zoonotic influenza viruses, and the significant impact of the 2014–15 northern hemisphere seasonal influenza vaccine mismatch, this consultation provided a very timely opportunity to share developments and exchange views. In all areas, a renewed and strengthened emphasis was placed on developing concrete and measurable actions and identifying the key stakeholders responsible for their implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ian Barr
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory (VIDRL), Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Nancy Cox
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.
| | - Ruben O Donis
- Biomedical Advanced Research and Development Authority (BARDA), ASPR, US Department of Health and Human Services, Washington DC, USA.
| | - Hirve Siddhivinayak
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Daniel Jernigan
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.
| | - Jacqueline Katz
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, USA.
| | | | | | - Takato Odagiri
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - John S Tam
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | | | | | - Thedi Ziegler
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Wenqing Zhang
- Global Influenza Programme, World Health Organization (WHO), Geneva, Switzerland.
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35
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Hines JP, Smith AT, Jacob JP, Lukat-Rodgers GS, Barr I, Rodgers KR, Guo F, Burstyn JN. CO and NO bind to Fe(II) DiGeorge critical region 8 heme but do not restore primary microRNA processing activity. J Biol Inorg Chem 2016; 21:1021-1035. [PMID: 27766492 DOI: 10.1007/s00775-016-1398-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The RNA-binding heme protein DiGeorge critical region 8 (DGCR8) and its ribonuclease partner Drosha cleave primary transcripts of microRNA (pri-miRNA) as part of the canonical microRNA (miRNA) processing pathway. Previous studies show that bis-cysteine thiolate-coordinated Fe(III) DGCR8 supports pri-miRNA processing activity, while Fe(II) DGCR8 does not. In this study, we further characterized Fe(II) DGCR8 and tested whether CO or NO might bind and restore pri-miRNA processing activity to the reduced protein. Fe(II) DGCR8 RNA-binding heme domain (Rhed) undergoes a pH-dependent transition from 6-coordinate to 5-coordinate, due to protonation and loss of a lysine ligand; the ligand bound throughout the pH change is a histidine. Fe(II) Rhed binds CO and NO from 6- and 5-coordinate states, forming common CO and NO adducts at all pHs. Fe(II)-CO Rhed is 6-coordinate, low-spin, and pH insensitive with the histidine ligand retained, suggesting that the protonatable lysine ligand has been replaced by CO. Fe(II)-NO Rhed is 5-coordinate and pH insensitive. Fe(II)-NO also forms slowly upon reaction of Fe(III) Rhed with excess NO via a stepwise process. Heme reduction by NO is rate-limiting, and the rate would be negligible at physiological NO concentrations. Importantly, in vitro pri-miRNA processing assays show that both CO- and NO-bound DGCR8 species are inactive. Fe(II), Fe(II)-CO, and Fe(II)-NO Rhed do not bear either of the cysteine ligands found in the Fe(III) state. These data support a model in which the bis-cysteine thiolate ligand environment of Fe(III) DGCR8 is necessary for establishing proper pri-miRNA binding and enabling processing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judy P Hines
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706-1322, USA
| | - Aaron T Smith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, 21250-0001, USA
| | - Jose P Jacob
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-3075, USA
| | - Gudrun S Lukat-Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Ian Barr
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-3075, USA
| | - Kenton R Rodgers
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, 58108-6050, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology Institute, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, 90095-3075, USA
| | - Judith N Burstyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1101 University Ave., Madison, WI, 53706-1322, USA.
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Mcbride WJH, Abhayaratna WP, Barr I, Booy R, Carapetis J, Carson S, De Looze F, Ellis-Pegler R, Heron L, Karrasch J, Marshall H, Mcvernon J, Nolan T, Rawlinson W, Reid J, Richmond P, Shakib S, Basser RL, Hartel GF, Lai MH, Rockman S, Greenberg ME. Efficacy of a trivalent influenza vaccine against seasonal strains and against 2009 pandemic H1N1: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Vaccine 2016; 34:4991-4997. [PMID: 27595443 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Revised: 07/31/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Before pandemic H1N1 vaccines were available, the potential benefit of existing seasonal trivalent inactivated influenza vaccines (IIV3s) against influenza due to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza strain was investigated, with conflicting results. This study assessed the efficacy of seasonal IIV3s against influenza due to 2008 and 2009 seasonal influenza strains and against the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. METHODS This observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study enrolled adults aged 18-64years during 2008 and 2009 in Australia and New Zealand. Participants were randomized 2:1 to receive IIV3 or placebo. The primary objective was to demonstrate the efficacy of IIV3 against laboratory-confirmed influenza. Participants reporting an influenza-like illness during the period from 14days after vaccination until 30 November of each study year were tested for influenza by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Over a study period of 2years, 15,044 participants were enrolled (mean age±standard deviation: 35.5±14.7years; 54.4% female). Vaccine efficacy of the 2008 and 2009 IIV3s against influenza due to any strain was 42% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30%, 52%), whereas vaccine efficacy against influenza due to the vaccine-matched strains was 60% (95% CI: 44%, 72%). Vaccine efficacy of the 2009 IIV3 against influenza due to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain was 38% (95% CI: 19%, 53%). No vaccine-related deaths or serious adverse events were reported. Solicited local and systemic adverse events were more frequent in IIV3 recipients than placebo recipients (local: IIV3 74.6% vs placebo 20.4%, p<0.001; systemic: IIV3 46.6% vs placebo 39.1%, p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS The 2008 and 2009 IIV3s were efficacious against influenza due to seasonal influenza strains and the 2009 IIV3 demonstrated moderate efficacy against influenza due to the 2009 pandemic H1N1 strain. Funded by CSL Limited, ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00562484.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J H Mcbride
- James Cook University, Cairns Hospital Clinical School, Cairns, Queensland 4870, Australia.
| | - Walter P Abhayaratna
- Academic Unit of Internal Medicine, Canberra Hospital, Woden, Australian Capital Territory 2606, Australia; ANU College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory 0200, Australia.
| | - Ian Barr
- World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria 3051, Australia.
| | - Robert Booy
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The University of Sydney and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
| | - Jonathan Carapetis
- Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Northern Territory 0810, Australia.
| | - Simon Carson
- Southern Clinical Trials Ltd, Christchurch 8013, New Zealand.
| | - Ferdinandus De Looze
- Trialworks Clinical Research Pty Ltd and Discipline of General Practice, School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4067, Australia.
| | | | - Leon Heron
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance of Vaccine Preventable Diseases, The University of Sydney and The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, New South Wales 2145, Australia.
| | - Jeff Karrasch
- Redcliffe Hospital, Redcliffe, Queensland 4020, Australia.
| | - Helen Marshall
- Vaccinology and Immunology Research Trials Unit (VIRTU), Women's and Children's Hospital, Robinson Research Institute and School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5006, Australia.
| | - Jodie Mcvernon
- Vaccine and Immunization Research Group, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Terry Nolan
- Vaccine and Immunization Research Group, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - William Rawlinson
- South Eastern Sydney and Illawarra Area Health Service and University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia.
| | - Jim Reid
- Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
| | - Peter Richmond
- University of Western Australia, School of Paediatrics and Child Health, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia 6872, Australia
| | - Sepehr Shakib
- Discipline of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia.
| | - Russell L Basser
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Gunter F Hartel
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael H Lai
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Steven Rockman
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
| | - Michael E Greenberg
- Clinical Research and Development, CSL Limited, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
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Vanderven HA, Ana-Sosa-Batiz F, Jegaskanda S, Rockman S, Laurie K, Barr I, Chen W, Wines B, Hogarth PM, Lambe T, Gilbert SC, Parsons MS, Kent SJ. What Lies Beneath: Antibody Dependent Natural Killer Cell Activation by Antibodies to Internal Influenza Virus Proteins. EBioMedicine 2016; 8:277-290. [PMID: 27428437 PMCID: PMC4919476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The conserved internal influenza proteins nucleoprotein (NP) and matrix 1 (M1) are well characterised for T cell immunity, but whether they also elicit functional antibodies capable of activating natural killer (NK) cells has not been explored. We studied NP and M1-specific ADCC activity using biochemical, NK cell activation and killing assays with plasma from healthy and influenza-infected subjects. Healthy adults had antibodies to M1 and NP capable of binding dimeric FcγRIIIa and activating NK cells. Natural symptomatic and experimental influenza infections resulted in a rise in antibody dependent NK cell activation post-infection to the hemagglutinin of the infecting strain, but changes in NK cell activation to M1 and NP were variable. Although antibody dependent killing of target cells infected with vaccinia viruses expressing internal influenza proteins was not detected, opsonising antibodies to NP and M1 likely contribute to an antiviral microenvironment by stimulating innate immune cells to secrete cytokines early in infection. We conclude that effector cell activating antibodies to conserved internal influenza proteins are common in healthy and influenza-infected adults. Given the significance of such antibodies in animal models of heterologous influenza infection, the definition of their importance and mechanism of action in human immunity to influenza is essential. Functional antibodies to influenza matrix 1 and nucleoprotein are common in healthy and influenza-infected humans. Opsonising antibodies to matrix 1 and nucleoprotein can bind FcγRIIIa dimers and activate natural killer cells. Influenza infection increased natural killer cell activation to hemagglutinin but changes to the internal proteins varied
Influenza virus causes both seasonal outbreaks and global pandemics. The current influenza vaccine provides minimal protection against divergent strains of the virus not found in the vaccine. While neutralising antibodies induced by vaccination are able to confer strain-specific protection, antibodies directed against conserved influenza proteins may be able to provide some cross-protection. Animal models suggest a protective role for anti-nucleoprotein antibodies. Exploring the functional capacity of human antibodies against internal influenza proteins to engage Fc receptors and activate innate immune cells may present a unique approach in the development of a more universal influenza vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hillary A Vanderven
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fernanda Ana-Sosa-Batiz
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sinthujan Jegaskanda
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Steven Rockman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Seqirus Ltd, Parkville, Australia
| | - Karen Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Weisan Chen
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Bundoora, Australia
| | | | | | | | | | - Matthew S Parsons
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stephen J Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia; Melbourne Sexual Health Centre, Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Health, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.
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Barr I, Weitz SH, Atkin T, Hsu P, Karayiorgou M, Gogos JA, Weiss S, Guo F. Cobalt(III) Protoporphyrin Activates the DGCR8 Protein and Can Compensate microRNA Processing Deficiency. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 22:793-802. [PMID: 26091172 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2015.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Processing of microRNA primary transcripts (pri-miRNAs) is highly regulated and defects in the processing machinery play a key role in many human diseases. In 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS), heterozygous deletion of DiGeorge critical region gene 8 (DGCR8) causes a processing deficiency, which contributes to abnormal brain development. The DGCR8 protein is the RNA-binding partner of Drosha RNase, both essential for processing canonical pri-miRNAs. To identify an agent that can compensate reduced DGCR8 expression, we screened for metalloporphyrins that can mimic the natural DGCR8 heme cofactor. We found that Co(III) protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) stably binds DGCR8 and activates it for pri-miRNA processing in vitro and in HeLa cells. Importantly, treating cultured Dgcr8(+/-) mouse neurons with Co(III)PPIX can compensate the pri-miRNA processing defects. Co(III)PPIX is effective at concentrations as low as 0.2 μM and is not degraded by heme degradation enzymes, making it useful as a research tool and a potential therapeutic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Barr
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Sara H Weitz
- Interdepartmental Program in Molecular, Cellular, and Integrative Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Talia Atkin
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - PeiKen Hsu
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Maria Karayiorgou
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Joseph A Gogos
- Department of Physiology & Cellular Biophysics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Neuroscience, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Shimon Weiss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Department of Physiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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Barr I, Latham JA, Iavarone AT, Chantarojsiri T, Hwang JD, Klinman JP. Demonstration That the Radical S-Adenosylmethionine (SAM) Enzyme PqqE Catalyzes de Novo Carbon-Carbon Cross-linking within a Peptide Substrate PqqA in the Presence of the Peptide Chaperone PqqD. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8877-84. [PMID: 26961875 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.c115.699918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The radical S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) protein PqqE is predicted to function in the pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) biosynthetic pathway via catalysis of carbon-carbon bond formation between a glutamate and tyrosine side chain within the small peptide substrate PqqA. We report here that PqqE activity is dependent on the accessory protein PqqD, which was recently shown to bind PqqA tightly. In addition, PqqE activity in vitro requires the presence of a flavodoxin- and flavodoxin reductase-based reduction system, with other reductants leading to an uncoupled cleavage of the co-substrate SAM. These results indicate that PqqE, in conjunction with PqqD, carries out the first step in PQQ biosynthesis: a radical-mediated formation of a new carbon-carbon bond between two amino acid side chains on PqqA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Barr
- From the Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - John A Latham
- From the Department of Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- From the Department of Chemistry, California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | | | | | - Judith P Klinman
- From the Department of Chemistry, Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Dewar B, Barr I, Robinson P. Hospital capacity and management preparedness for pandemic influenza in Victoria. Aust N Z J Public Health 2015; 38:184-90. [PMID: 24690058 DOI: 10.1111/1753-6405.12170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study was designed to investigate acute hospital pandemic influenza preparedness in Victoria, Australia, particularly focussing on planning and management efforts. METHODS A prospective study was conducted by questionnaire and semi-structured interview of health managers across the Victorian hospital system from July to October 2011. Participants with responsibility for emergency management, planning and operations were selected from every hospital in Victoria with an emergency department to complete a questionnaire (response rate 22/43 = 51%). Each respondent was invited to participate in a phone-based semi-structured interview (response rate 11/22 = 50%). RESULTS Rural/regional hospitals demonstrated higher levels of clinical (86%) and non-clinical (86%) staff contingency planning than metropolitan hospitals (60% and 40% respectively). Pandemic plans were not being sufficiently tested in exercises or drills, which is likely to undermine their effectiveness. All respondents reported hand hygiene and standard precautions programs in place, although only one-third (33%) of metropolitan respondents and no rural/regional respondents reported being able to meet patient needs with high levels of staff absenteeism. Almost half Victoria's healthcare workers were unvaccinated against influenza. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Hospitals across Victoria demonstrated different levels of influenza pandemic preparedness and planning. If a more severe influenza pandemic than that of 2009 arose, Victorian hospitals would struggle with workforce and infrastructure problems, particularly in rural/regional areas. Staff absenteeism threatens to undermine hospital pandemic responses. Various strategies, including education and communication, should be included with in-service training to provide staff with confidence in their ability to work safely during a future pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Dewar
- School of Public Health and Human Biosciences, La Trobe University, Victoria
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Dequanter D, Vandervelde M, Barr I, Nuyens V, Rousseau A, Nagy N, Vanhaeverbeek M, Brohe D, Zouaoui K, Uzureau P, Shahla M. Proliferation associated expression of glutamate cysteine ligase in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2015.08.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Heme is a common cofactor in proteins, found in hemoglobin, myoglobin, cytochrome P450, DGCR8, and nitric oxide synthase, among others. This protocol describes a method for quantifying heme that works best in purified protein samples. This protocol might be used to, for example, determine whether a given heme-binding protein is fully occupied by heme, thus allowing correlation of heme content with activity. This requires the absolute heme concentration and an accurate protein concentration. Another use is to determine the extinction coefficients of a heme-bound protein. This assay is fast, easy, and reproducible if done correctly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Barr
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, California, USA
| | - Feng Guo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, California, USA
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Hsu ACY, Starkey MR, Hanish I, Parsons K, Haw TJ, Howland LJ, Barr I, Mahony JB, Foster PS, Knight DA, Wark PA, Hansbro PM. Targeting PI3K-p110α Suppresses Influenza Virus Infection in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2015; 191:1012-23. [PMID: 25751541 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201501-0188oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and influenza virus infections are major global health issues. Patients with COPD are more susceptible to infection, which exacerbates their condition and increases morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms of increased susceptibility remain poorly understood, and current preventions and treatments have substantial limitations. OBJECTIVES To characterize the mechanisms of increased susceptibility to influenza virus infection in COPD and the potential for therapeutic targeting. METHODS We used a combination of primary bronchial epithelial cells (pBECs) from COPD and healthy control subjects, a mouse model of cigarette smoke-induced experimental COPD, and influenza infection. The role of the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) pathway was characterized using molecular methods, and its potential for targeting assessed using inhibitors. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS COPD pBECs were susceptible to increased viral entry and replication. Infected mice with experimental COPD also had more severe infection (increased viral titer and pulmonary inflammation, and compromised lung function). These processes were associated with impaired antiviral immunity, reduced retinoic acid-inducible gene-I, and IFN/cytokine and chemokine responses. Increased PI3K-p110α levels and activity in COPD pBECs and/or mice were responsible for increased infection and reduced antiviral responses. Global PI3K, specific therapeutic p110α inhibitors, or exogenous IFN-β restored protective antiviral responses, suppressed infection, and improved lung function. CONCLUSIONS The increased susceptibility of individuals with COPD to influenza likely results from impaired antiviral responses, which are mediated by increased PI3K-p110α activity. This pathway may be targeted therapeutically in COPD, or in healthy individuals, during seasonal or pandemic outbreaks to prevent and/or treat influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Chen-Yu Hsu
- 1 Priority Research Centre for Asthma and Respiratory Diseases, Hunter Medical Research Institute and The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
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Abstract
Influenza-like illness (ILI) case definitions, such as those from the European Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, World Health Organization (WHO) and United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, are commonly used for influenza surveillance. We assessed how various case definitions performed during the initial wave of influenza A(H1N1) pdm09 infections in Singapore on a cohort of 727 patients with two to three blood samples and whose symptoms were reviewed fortnightly from June to October 2009. Using seroconversion (≥ 4-fold rise) to A/California/7/2009 (H1N1), we identified 36 presumptive influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 episodes and 664 episodes unrelated to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Cough, fever and headache occurred more commonly in presumptive influenza A(H1N1)pdm09. Although the sensitivity was low (36%), the recently revised WHO ILI case definition gave a higher positive predictive value (42%) and positive likelihood ratio (13.3) than the other case definitions. Results including only episodes with primary care consultations were similar. Individuals who worked or had episodes with fever, cough or sore throat were more likely to consult a physician, while episodes with Saturday onset were less likely, with some consultations skipped or postponed. Our analysis supports the use of the revised WHO ILI case definition, which includes only cough in the presence of fever defined as body temperature ≥ 38 °C for influenza surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Jiang
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore
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Latham JA, Iavarone AT, Barr I, Juthani PV, Klinman JP. PqqD is a novel peptide chaperone that forms a ternary complex with the radical S-adenosylmethionine protein PqqE in the pyrroloquinoline quinone biosynthetic pathway. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:12908-18. [PMID: 25817994 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.646521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Pyrroloquinoline quinone (PQQ) is a product of a ribosomally synthesized and post-translationally modified pathway consisting of five conserved genes, pqqA-E. PqqE is a radical S-adenosylmethionine (RS) protein with a C-terminal SPASM domain, and is proposed to catalyze the formation of a carbon-carbon bond between the glutamate and tyrosine side chains of the peptide substrate PqqA. PqqD is a 10-kDa protein with an unknown function, but is essential for PQQ production. Recently, in Klebsiella pneumoniae (Kp), PqqD and PqqE were shown to interact; however, the stoichiometry and KD were not obtained. Here, we show that the PqqE and PqqD interaction transcends species, also occurring in Methylobacterium extorquens AM1 (Me). The stoichiometry of the MePqqD and MePqqE interaction is 1:1 and the KD, determined by surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy (SPR), was found to be ∼12 μm. Moreover, using SPR and isothermal calorimetry techniques, we establish for the first time that MePqqD binds MePqqA tightly (KD ∼200 nm). The formation of a ternary MePqqA-D-E complex was captured by native mass spectrometry and the KD for the MePqqAD-MePqqE interaction was found to be ∼5 μm. Finally, using a bioinformatic analysis, we found that PqqD orthologues are associated with the RS-SPASM family of proteins (subtilosin, pyrroloquinoline quinone, anaerobic sulfatase maturating enzyme, and mycofactocin), all of which modify either peptides or proteins. In conclusion, we propose that PqqD is a novel peptide chaperone and that PqqD orthologues may play a similar role in peptide modification pathways that use an RS-SPASM protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Latham
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Anthony T Iavarone
- From the Departments of Chemistry and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Ian Barr
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Prerak V Juthani
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
| | - Judith P Klinman
- From the Departments of Chemistry and Molecular and Cell Biology and California Institute for Quantitative Biosciences, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Proudfoot O, Esparon S, Tang CK, Laurie K, Barr I, Pietersz G. Mannan adjuvants intranasally administered inactivated influenza virus in mice rendering low doses inductive of strong serum IgG and IgA in the lung. BMC Infect Dis 2015; 15:101. [PMID: 25887952 PMCID: PMC4350615 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-015-0838-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND H1N1 influenza viruses mutate rapidly, rendering vaccines developed in any given year relatively ineffective in subsequent years. Thus it is necessary to generate new vaccines every year, but this is time-consuming and resource-intensive. Should a highly virulent influenza strain capable of human-to-human transmission emerge, these factors will severely limit the number of people that can be effectively immunised against that strain in time to prevent a pandemic. An adjuvant and mode of administration capable of rendering ordinarily unprotective vaccine doses protective would thus be highly advantageous. METHODS The carbohydrate mannan was conjugated to whole inactivated H1N1 influenza virus at a range of ratios, and mixed with it at a range of ratios, and various doses of the resulting preparations were administered to mice via the intranasal (IN) route. Serum immunity was assessed via antigen-specific IgG ELISA and the haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) assay, and mucosal immunity was assessed via IgA ELISA of bronchio-alveolar lavages. RESULTS IN-administered inactivated H1N1 mixed with mannan induced higher serum IgG and respiratory-tract IgA than inactivated H1N1 conjugated to mannan, and HIN1 alone. Adjuvantation was mannan-dose-dependent, with 100 μg of mannan adjuvanting 1 μg of H1N1 more effectively than 10 or 50 μg of mannan. Serum samples from mice immunised with 1 μg H1N1 adjuvanted with 10 μg mannan did not inhibit agglutination of red blood cells (RBCs) at a dilution factor of 10 in the HI assay, but samples resulting from adjuvantation with 50 and 100 μg mannan inhibited agglutination at dilution factors of ≥ 40. Both serum IgG1 and IgG2a were induced by IN mannan-adjuvanted H1N1 vaccination, suggesting the induction of humoral and cellular immunity. CONCLUSIONS Mixing 100 μg of mannan with 1 μg of inactivated H1N1 adjuvanted the vaccine in mice, such that IN immunisation induced higher serum IgG and respiratory tract IgA than immunisation with virus alone. The serum from mice thus immunised inhibited H1N1-mediated RBC agglutination strongly in vitro. If mannan similarly adjuvants low doses of influenza vaccine in humans, it could potentially be used for vaccine 'dose-sparing' in the event that a vaccine shortage arises from an epidemic involving a highly virulent human-to-human transmissable influenza strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen Proudfoot
- Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Sandra Esparon
- Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia.
| | - Choon-Kit Tang
- Immunology Frontier Research Centre, 6F IFReC Research Building, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Karen Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, 10 Wreckyn Street North, Melbourne, 3051, Australia.
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, 10 Wreckyn Street North, Melbourne, 3051, Australia.
| | - Geoffrey Pietersz
- Bio-organic and Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Centre for Biomedical Research, Burnet Institute, 85 Commercial Road, Melbourne, 3004, Australia. .,Department of Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Donis RO, Chen IM, Davis CT, Foust A, Hossain MJ, Johnson A, Klimov A, Loughlin R, Xu X, Tsai T, Blayer S, Trusheim H, Colegate T, Fox J, Taylor B, Hussain A, Barr I, Baas C, Louwerens J, Geuns E, Lee MS, Venhuizen O, Neumeier E, Ziegler T. Performance characteristics of qualified cell lines for isolation and propagation of influenza viruses for vaccine manufacturing. Vaccine 2014; 32:6583-90. [PMID: 24975811 PMCID: PMC5915289 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.06.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Cell culture is now available as a method for the production of influenza vaccines in addition to eggs. In accordance with currently accepted practice, viruses recommended as candidates for vaccine manufacture are isolated and propagated exclusively in hens' eggs prior to distribution to manufacturers. Candidate vaccine viruses isolated in cell culture are not available to support vaccine manufacturing in mammalian cell bioreactors so egg-derived viruses have to be used. Recently influenza A (H3N2) viruses have been difficult to isolate directly in eggs. As mitigation against this difficulty, and the possibility of no suitable egg-isolated candidate viruses being available, it is proposed to consider using mammalian cell lines for primary isolation of influenza viruses as candidates for vaccine production in egg and cell platforms. To investigate this possibility, we tested the antigenic stability of viruses isolated and propagated in cell lines qualified for influenza vaccine manufacture and subsequently investigated antigen yields of such viruses in these cell lines at pilot-scale. Twenty influenza A and B-positive, original clinical specimens were inoculated in three MDCK cell lines. The antigenicity of recovered viruses was tested by hemagglutination inhibition using ferret sera against contemporary vaccine viruses and the amino acid sequences of the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase were determined. MDCK cell lines proved to be highly sensitive for virus isolation. Compared to the virus sequenced from the original specimen, viruses passaged three times in the MDCK lines showed up to 2 amino acid changes in the hemagglutinin. Antigenic stability was also established by hemagglutination inhibition titers comparable to those of the corresponding reference virus. Viruses isolated in any of the three MDCK lines grew reasonably well but variably in three MDCK cells and in VERO cells at pilot-scale. These results indicate that influenza viruses isolated in vaccine certified cell lines may well qualify for use in vaccine production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruben O. Donis
- Corresponding author Influenza Division, Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC), National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Influenza Division, 1600 Clifton Road, Mailstop A-20, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA. Tel.: +1 404 639 4968; fax: +1 404 639 2350. ,
| | | | - i-Mei Chen
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - C Todd Davis
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Angie Foust
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - M. Jaber Hossain
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Adam Johnson
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Alexander Klimov
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Rosette Loughlin
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Xiyan Xu
- Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Theodore Tsai
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Simone Blayer
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, GmbH & Co. KG, Marburg, Germany
| | - Heidi Trusheim
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, GmbH & Co. KG, Marburg, Germany
| | | | - John Fox
- Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Liverpool, UK
| | | | | | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chantal Baas
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, North Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ed Geuns
- Abbott Bioiogicais B.V., Weesp, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Thedi Ziegler
- National Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), Helsinki, Finland, Influenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA USA
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Horm SV, Mardy S, Rith S, Ly S, Heng S, Vong S, Kitsutani P, Ieng V, Tarantola A, Ly S, Sar B, Chea N, Sokhal B, Barr I, Kelso A, Horwood PF, Timmermans A, Hurt A, Lon C, Saunders D, Ung SA, Asgari N, Roces MC, Touch S, Komadina N, Buchy P. Epidemiological and virological characteristics of influenza viruses circulating in Cambodia from 2009 to 2011. PLoS One 2014; 9:e110713. [PMID: 25340711 PMCID: PMC4207757 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Cambodian National Influenza Center (NIC) monitored and characterized circulating influenza strains from 2009 to 2011. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Sentinel and study sites collected nasopharyngeal specimens for diagnostic detection, virus isolation, antigenic characterization, sequencing and antiviral susceptibility analysis from patients who fulfilled case definitions for influenza-like illness, acute lower respiratory infections and event-based surveillance. Each year in Cambodia, influenza viruses were detected mainly from June to November, during the rainy season. Antigenic analysis show that A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the A/California/7/2009-like group. Circulating A/H3N2 strains were A/Brisbane/10/2007-like in 2009 before drifting to A/Perth/16/2009-like in 2010 and 2011. The Cambodian influenza B isolates from 2009 to 2011 all belonged to the B/Victoria lineage represented by the vaccine strains B/Brisbane/60/2008 and B/Malaysia/2506/2004. Sequences of the M2 gene obtained from representative 2009-2011 A/H3N2 and A/H1N1pdm09 strains all contained the S31N mutation associated with adamantanes resistance except for one A/H1N1pdm09 strain isolated in 2011 that lacked this mutation. No reduction in the susceptibility to neuraminidase inhibitors was observed among the influenza viruses circulating from 2009 to 2011. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that A/H3N2 strains clustered each year to a distinct group while most A/H1N1pdm09 isolates belonged to the S203T clade. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE In Cambodia, from 2009 to 2011, influenza activity occurred throughout the year with peak seasonality during the rainy season from June to November. Seasonal influenza epidemics were due to multiple genetically distinct viruses, even though all of the isolates were antigenically similar to the reference vaccine strains. The drug susceptibility profile of Cambodian influenza strains revealed that neuraminidase inhibitors would be the drug of choice for influenza treatment and chemoprophylaxis in Cambodia, as adamantanes are no longer expected to be effective.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Cambodia/epidemiology
- Dogs
- Drug Resistance, Viral
- Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/genetics
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/genetics
- Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype/isolation & purification
- Influenza B virus/genetics
- Influenza B virus/isolation & purification
- Influenza Vaccines/immunology
- Influenza, Human/epidemiology
- Influenza, Human/immunology
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells
- Orthomyxoviridae/immunology
- Orthomyxoviridae/isolation & purification
- Orthomyxoviridae/physiology
- Phylogeny
- Seasons
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Affiliation(s)
- Srey Viseth Horm
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sek Mardy
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sareth Rith
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sovann Ly
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Seng Heng
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sirenda Vong
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Paul Kitsutani
- Influenza Division, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Disease, Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Vannra Ieng
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Arnaud Tarantola
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Sowath Ly
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Borann Sar
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cambodia Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nora Chea
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cambodia Office, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Buth Sokhal
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anne Kelso
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul F. Horwood
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Ans Timmermans
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aeron Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chanthap Lon
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - David Saunders
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sam An Ung
- National Institute of Public Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Nima Asgari
- World Health Organization, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Sok Touch
- Communicable Disease Control Department, Ministry of Health, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Naomi Komadina
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philippe Buchy
- Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
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49
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Carolan LA, Butler J, Rockman S, Guarnaccia T, Hurt AC, Reading P, Kelso A, Barr I, Laurie KL. TaqMan real time RT-PCR assays for detecting ferret innate and adaptive immune responses. J Virol Methods 2014; 205:38-52. [PMID: 24797460 PMCID: PMC7113642 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2014.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Revised: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 04/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The ferret model is used to study human disease and physiology. TaqMan realtime RT-PCR assays for ferret cytokine and chemokine mRNA were developed. Cytokine and chemokine patterns in ferret cells were similar to other mammals. A comprehensive panel of mRNAs can be measured in samples of limited quantity.
The ferret is an excellent model for many human infectious diseases including influenza, SARS-CoV, henipavirus and pneumococcal infections. The ferret is also used to study cystic fibrosis and various cancers, as well as reproductive biology and physiology. However, the range of reagents available to measure the ferret immune response is very limited. To address this deficiency, high-throughput real time RT-PCR TaqMan assays were developed to measure the expression of fifteen immune mediators associated with the innate and adaptive immune responses (IFNα, IFNβ, IFNγ, IL1α, IL1β, IL2, IL4, IL6, IL8, IL10, IL12p40, IL17, Granzyme A, MCP1, TNFα), as well as four endogenous housekeeping genes (ATF4, HPRT, GAPDH, L32). These assays have been optimized to maximize reaction efficiency, reduce the amount of sample required (down to 1 ng RNA per real time RT-PCR reaction) and to select the most appropriate housekeeping genes. Using these assays, the expression of each of the tested genes could be detected in ferret lymph node cells stimulated with mitogens or infected with influenza virus in vitro. These new tools will allow a more comprehensive analysis of the ferret immune responses following infection or in other disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise A Carolan
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Jeff Butler
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; CSIRO Australian Animal Health Laboratory, East Geelong, 3219, Australia
| | - Steve Rockman
- bioCSL Limited, Parkville, 3052, Australia; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The University of Melbourne, at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Teagan Guarnaccia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia; Monash University Gippsland, Churchill, 3842, Australia
| | - Aeron C Hurt
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Patrick Reading
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Anne Kelso
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Ian Barr
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia
| | - Karen L Laurie
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Influenza at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria, 3000, Australia.
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50
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McVernon J, Laurie K, Faddy H, Irving D, Nolan T, Barr I, Kelso A. Seroprevalence of antibody to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 attributed to vaccination or infection, before and after the second (2010) pandemic wave in Australia. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2013; 8:194-200. [PMID: 24382379 PMCID: PMC4186467 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives Historical records of influenza pandemics demonstrate variability in incidence and severity between waves. The influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 pandemic was the first in which many countries implemented strain-specific vaccination to mitigate subsequent seasons. Serosurveys provide opportunity to examine the constraining influence of antibody on population disease experience. Design Changes in the proportion of adults seropositive to influenza A(H1N1)pdm09over the 2009/10 (summer) interepidemic period and 2010 (winter) influenza season were measured to determine whether there was a temporal relationship with vaccine distribution and influenza activity, respectively. Setting Australia. Sample Plasma samples were collected from healthy blood donors from seven cities at the end of the first wave (November 2009), and before (March/April 2010) and after (November 2010) the subsequent influenza season. Main outcome measures Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) assays were performed to assess reactivity of plasma against A(H1N1)pdm09, and the proportion seropositive (HI titre ≥ 40) compared over time, by age group and location. Results Between the 2009 and 2010 influenza seasons, the seropositive proportion rose from 22% to 43%, an increase observed across all ages and sites. Brisbane alone recorded a significant rise in seropositivity over the 2010 influenza season – from a baseline of 35% to 53%. The seropositive proportion elsewhere was ≥40% pre-season, and did not rise over winter. Conclusions A vaccine-associated increase in seropositive proportion preceding the influenza season correlated with low levels of disease activity in winter 2010. These observations support the role of immunisation in mitigating the ‘second wave’ of A(H1N1)pdm09, with timing critical to ensure sustained herd protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodie McVernon
- Vaccine & Immunisation Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, the University of Melbourne, Parkville, Vic., Australia; Victorian Infectious Diseases Reference Laboratory, North Melbourne, Vic., Australia
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