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Situmorang PC, Ilyas S, Syahputra RA, Sari RM, Nugraha AP, Ibrahim A. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa as a new anticancer molecular strategy in breast histology via Her2, IL33, EGFR, and MUC1. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1345645. [PMID: 38476328 PMCID: PMC10927741 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1345645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of breast cancer among patients in Indonesia is significant. Indonesian individuals maintain the belief that cancer cannot be cured alone by pharmaceuticals and treatment; herbal remedies must be used in conjunction. Rhodomyrtus tomentosa, also known as Haramonting, is an indigenous Indonesian medicinal plant renowned for its copious antioxidant properties. The objective of study was to assess the impact of haramonting on breast cancer by examining the expression of various biomarker proteins associated with breast cancer. Haramonting was administered to breast cancer model mice at different doses over a period of 30 days. Subsequently, blood and breast samples were obtained for immunohistochemistry and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Authors have discovered that there has been a notable rise in the proliferation of epithelial cells in the duct lobes, resulting in the formation of ducts and lobules. Additionally, the researchers discovered that the breasts exhibited distinct clinical and histological alterations. Haramonting possesses the capacity to restore the concentrations of malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) to normal levels in the blood serum of rats afflicted with cancer. The histopathological analysis of the breast tissue revealed elevated levels of Her2, IL33, EGFR, and MUC1. The authors also discovered a notable increase in the growth of epithelial cells, with two or more layers of cells reaching towards the centre of the duct. The size of the epithelial cells exhibits variability; however, this state ameliorates with the administration of a dosage of 300 mg/kgBW of this botanical specimen. This study proposes that Haramonting may be effective in treating breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Putri Cahaya Situmorang
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Syafruddin Ilyas
- Study Program of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Rony Abdi Syahputra
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia
| | - Reka Mustika Sari
- Research Center for Food Technology and Processing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Alexander Patera Nugraha
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia
| | - Alek Ibrahim
- Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia
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He Y, Døssing KBV, Rossing M, Bagger FO, Kjaer A. uPAR (PLAUR) Marks Two Intra-Tumoral Subtypes of Glioblastoma: Insights from Single-Cell RNA Sequencing. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1998. [PMID: 38396677 PMCID: PMC10889167 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25041998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Urokinase plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) encoded by the PLAUR gene is known as a clinical marker for cell invasiveness in glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). It is additionally implicated in various processes, including angiogenesis and inflammation within the tumor microenvironment. However, there has not been a comprehensive study that depicts the overall functions and molecular cooperators of PLAUR with respect to intra-tumoral subtypes of GBM. Using single-cell RNA sequencing data from 37 GBM patients, we identified PLAUR as a marker gene for two distinct subtypes in GBM. One subtype is featured by inflammatory activities and the other subtype is marked by ECM remodeling processes. Using the whole-transcriptome data from single cells, we are able to uncover the molecular cooperators of PLAUR for both subtypes without presuming biological pathways. Two protein networks comprise the molecular context of PLAUR, with each of the two subtypes characterized by a different dominant network. We concluded that targeting PLAUR directly influences the mechanisms represented by these two protein networks, regardless of the subtype of the targeted cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue He
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.H.); (K.B.V.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kristina B. V. Døssing
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.H.); (K.B.V.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maria Rossing
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (F.O.B.)
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Frederik Otzen Bagger
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark (F.O.B.)
| | - Andreas Kjaer
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET & Cluster for Molecular Imaging, Copenhagen University Hospital—Rigshospitalet, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (Y.H.); (K.B.V.D.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Yang NY, Zheng HH, Yu C, Ye Y, Du CT, Xie GH. Research progress of good markers for canine mammary carcinoma. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:10617-10625. [PMID: 37943402 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08863-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Mammary gland tumors are the most common neoplastic diseases in elderly female dogs, about 50% of which are considered to be malignant. Canine mammary tumors are similar to human breast cancers in many respects, so canine mammary tumors are frequently studied alongside human breast cancer. This article mentioned KI-67, HER-2, COX-2, BRCA1, BRCA2, P53, CA15-3, MicroRNA, Top2α and so on. All these markers are expected to have an important role in the clinic. METHODS Existing markers of canine mammary carcinoma are reviewed, and the expression of each marker and its diagnostic role for this tumor are described in detail. RESULTS This article introduced several effective markers of canine mammary tumors, among them, antigen KI-67 (KI-67), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER-2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) are promising and can be detected in both serum and tissue samples. Breast cancer caused by mutations in the breast cancer 1 gene (BRCA1) and breast cancer 2 gene (BRCA2) is also a hot topic of research. In addition to the above symbols, tumor protein p53 (p53), cancer antigen15-3 (CA15-3), MicroRNA (miRNA), topoisomerase πα (Top2α), proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and E-cadherin will also be involved in this paper. We will also mention Mammaglobin, which has been rarely reported so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning-Yu Yang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Hui-Hua Zheng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
- College of Animal Science and Technology & College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, China
| | - Chao Yu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Yan Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Chong-Tao Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China
| | - Guang-Hong Xie
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, No. 5333 Xi'an Road, Changchun, 130062, China.
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Saleh GA, Batouty NM, Gamal A, Elnakib A, Hamdy O, Sharafeldeen A, Mahmoud A, Ghazal M, Yousaf J, Alhalabi M, AbouEleneen A, Tolba AE, Elmougy S, Contractor S, El-Baz A. Impact of Imaging Biomarkers and AI on Breast Cancer Management: A Brief Review. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:5216. [PMID: 37958390 PMCID: PMC10650187 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15215216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer stands out as the most frequently identified malignancy, ranking as the fifth leading cause of global cancer-related deaths. The American College of Radiology (ACR) introduced the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) as a standard terminology facilitating communication between radiologists and clinicians; however, an update is now imperative to encompass the latest imaging modalities developed subsequent to the 5th edition of BI-RADS. Within this review article, we provide a concise history of BI-RADS, delve into advanced mammography techniques, ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), PET/CT images, and microwave breast imaging, and subsequently furnish comprehensive, updated insights into Molecular Breast Imaging (MBI), diagnostic imaging biomarkers, and the assessment of treatment responses. This endeavor aims to enhance radiologists' proficiency in catering to the personalized needs of breast cancer patients. Lastly, we explore the augmented benefits of artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and deep learning (DL) applications in segmenting, detecting, and diagnosing breast cancer, as well as the early prediction of the response of tumors to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC). By assimilating state-of-the-art computer algorithms capable of deciphering intricate imaging data and aiding radiologists in rendering precise and effective diagnoses, AI has profoundly revolutionized the landscape of breast cancer radiology. Its vast potential holds the promise of bolstering radiologists' capabilities and ameliorating patient outcomes in the realm of breast cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gehad A. Saleh
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (G.A.S.)
| | - Nihal M. Batouty
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt; (G.A.S.)
| | - Abdelrahman Gamal
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
| | - Ahmed Elnakib
- Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, School of Engineering, Penn State Erie, The Behrend College, Erie, PA 16563, USA;
| | - Omar Hamdy
- Surgical Oncology Department, Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;
| | - Ahmed Sharafeldeen
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Ali Mahmoud
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Mohammed Ghazal
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates; (M.G.)
| | - Jawad Yousaf
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates; (M.G.)
| | - Marah Alhalabi
- Electrical, Computer, and Biomedical Engineering Department, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi 59911, United Arab Emirates; (M.G.)
| | - Amal AbouEleneen
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
| | - Ahmed Elsaid Tolba
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
- The Higher Institute of Engineering and Automotive Technology and Energy, New Heliopolis, Cairo 11829, Egypt
| | - Samir Elmougy
- Computer Science Department, Faculty of Computers and Information, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt (A.E.T.)
| | - Sohail Contractor
- Department of Radiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Ayman El-Baz
- Bioengineering Department, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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Ulaner GA, Fowler AM, Clark AS, Linden H. Estrogen Receptor-Targeted and Progesterone Receptor-Targeted PET for Patients with Breast Cancer. PET Clin 2023; 18:531-542. [PMID: 37270377 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-targeted imaging with 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) has multiple proven clinical applications for patients with ER-positive breast cancer, including helping to select optimal patients for endocrine therapies, assessing ER status in lesions that are difficult to biopsy, and evaluating lesions with inconclusive results on other imaging tests. This has led to US Food and Drug Administration approval of 18F-FES PET for patients with ER-positive breast cancer. Newer progesterone receptor-targeted imaging agents are in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Ulaner
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, CA, USA; Radiology and Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.
| | - Amy M Fowler
- Radiology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Amy S Clark
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hannah Linden
- Medical Oncology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Li N, Zhang Y, Xu Y, Liu X, Ma W, Xiang T, Hou C, Huo D. An ultrasensitive label-free fluorescent aptamer sensor based on pH-gated release coumarin for detect HER2. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2023; 296:122641. [PMID: 36989691 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) molecular markers is a very suitable option for early diagnosis of breast cancer. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have large porosity and surface interactions such as π-π stacking, electrostatics, hydrogen bonding, and coordination. Here, we integrated the HER2 aptamer and fluorescent probe coumarin (COU) with zeolite imidazolic acid framework-8 (ZIF-8) to construct a label-free fluorescent aptamer sensor with pH-gated release of COU. In the presence of the target-HER2, the aptamer adsorbed on the surface of ZIF-8@COU specifically recognizes and falls off the HER2 protein, exposing a portion of the pore size of ZIF-8@COU while reducing the negative charge on the sensor surface, under alkaline hydrolysis conditions, a large number of COU fluorescent molecules can be produced and released in the detection system.The aptamer fluorescence sensor has good detection performance, sensitivity and low background interference, the detection linearity range of HER2 protein is 0.05-10 ng/mL, the detection limit is 0.0005 ng/mL, and it has good recovery rate for the serum detection of clinical breast cancer patients. Therefore, this sensor has high potential in detecting and monitoring HER2 levels for the care and clinical diagnosis of breast cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ya Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Ying Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Xiaofang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Wenhao Ma
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
| | - Changjun Hou
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; National Facility for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China.
| | - Danqun Huo
- Key Laboratory for Biorheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Bio-perception & Intelligent Information Processing, School of Microelectronics and Communication Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, PR China.
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McGale J, Khurana S, Huang A, Roa T, Yeh R, Shirini D, Doshi P, Nakhla A, Bebawy M, Khalil D, Lotfalla A, Higgins H, Gulati A, Girard A, Bidard FC, Champion L, Duong P, Dercle L, Seban RD. PET/CT and SPECT/CT Imaging of HER2-Positive Breast Cancer. J Clin Med 2023; 12:4882. [PMID: 37568284 PMCID: PMC10419459 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12154882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2)-positive breast cancer is characterized by amplification of the HER2 gene and is associated with more aggressive tumor growth, increased risk of metastasis, and poorer prognosis when compared to other subtypes of breast cancer. HER2 expression is therefore a critical tumor feature that can be used to diagnose and treat breast cancer. Moving forward, advances in HER2 in vivo imaging, involving the use of techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), may allow for a greater role for HER2 status in guiding the management of breast cancer patients. This will apply both to patients who are HER2-positive and those who have limited-to-minimal immunohistochemical HER2 expression (HER2-low), with imaging ultimately helping clinicians determine the size and location of tumors. Additionally, PET and SPECT could help evaluate effectiveness of HER2-targeted therapies, such as trastuzumab or pertuzumab for HER2-positive cancers, and specially modified antibody drug conjugates (ADC), such as trastuzumab-deruxtecan, for HER2-low variants. This review will explore the current and future role of HER2 imaging in personalizing the care of patients diagnosed with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy McGale
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sakshi Khurana
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Alice Huang
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Tina Roa
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Randy Yeh
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Dorsa Shirini
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1985717443, Iran
| | - Parth Doshi
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Abanoub Nakhla
- American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Cupecoy, Sint Maarten
| | - Maria Bebawy
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - David Khalil
- Campbell University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Lillington, NC 27546, USA
| | - Andrew Lotfalla
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Hayley Higgins
- Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY 10940, USA
| | - Amit Gulati
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maimonides Medical Center, New York, NY 11219, USA
| | - Antoine Girard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, CHU Amiens-Picardie, 80054 Amiens, France
| | - Francois-Clement Bidard
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inserm CIC-BT 1428, Curie Institute, Paris Saclay University, UVSQ, 78035 Paris, France
| | - Laurence Champion
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Curie, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Laboratory of Translational Imaging in Oncology, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Institut Curie, 91401 Orsay, France
| | - Phuong Duong
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Laurent Dercle
- Department of Radiology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Romain-David Seban
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Endocrine Oncology, Institut Curie, 92210 Saint-Cloud, France
- Laboratory of Translational Imaging in Oncology, Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL) Research University, Institut Curie, 91401 Orsay, France
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Odhiambo P, Okello H, Wakaanya A, Wekesa C, Okoth P. Mutational signatures for breast cancer diagnosis using artificial intelligence. J Egypt Natl Canc Inst 2023; 35:14. [PMID: 37184779 DOI: 10.1186/s43046-023-00173-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is the most common female cancer worldwide. Its diagnosis and prognosis remain scanty, imprecise, and poorly documented. Previous studies have indicated that some genetic mutational signatures are suspected to lead to progression of various breast cancer scenarios. There is paucity of data on the role of AI tools in delineating breast cancer mutational signatures. This study sought to investigate the relationship between breast cancer genetic mutational profiles using artificial intelligence models with a view to developing an accurate prognostic prediction based on breast cancer genetic signatures. Prior research on breast cancer has been based on symptoms, origin, and tumor size. It has not been investigated whether diagnosis of breast cancer can be made utilizing AI platforms like Cytoscape, Phenolyzer, and Geneshot with potential for better prognostic power. This is the first ever attempt for a combinatorial approach to breast cancer diagnosis using different AI platforms. METHOD Artificial intelligence (AI) are mathematical algorithms that simulate human cognitive abilities and solve difficult healthcare issues such as complicated biological abnormalities like those experienced in breast cancer scenarios. The current models aimed to predict outcomes and prognosis by correlating imaging phenotypes with genetic mutations, tumor profiles, and hormone receptor status and development of imaging biomarkers that combine tumor and patient-specific features. Geneshotsav 2021, Cytoscape 3.9.1, and Phenolyzer Nature Methods, 12:841-843 (2015) tools, were used to mine breast cancer-associated mutational signatures and provided useful alternative computational tools for discerning pathways and enriched networks of genes of similarity with the overall goal of providing a systematic view of the variety of mutational processes that lead to breast cancer development. The development of novel-tailored pharmaceuticals, as well as the distribution of prospective treatment alternatives, would be aided by the collection of massive datasets and the use of such tools as diagnostic markers. RESULTS Specific DNA-maintenance defects, endogenous or environmental exposures, and cancer genomic signatures are connected. The PubMed database (Geneshot) search for the keywords yielded a total of 21,921 genes associated with breast cancer. Then, based on their propensity to result in gene mutations, the genes were screened using the Phenolyzer software. These platforms lend credence to the fact that breast cancer diagnosis using Cytoscape 3.9.1, Phenolyzer, and Geneshot 2021 reveals high profile of the following mutational signatures: BRCA1, BRCA2, TP53, CHEK2, PTEN, CDH1, BRIP1, RAD51C, CASP3, CREBBP, and SMAD3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Odhiambo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega, 50100, Kenya.
| | - Harrison Okello
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega, 50100, Kenya
| | - Annette Wakaanya
- Department of Mathematics, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega, 50100, Kenya
| | - Clabe Wekesa
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega, 50100, Kenya
| | - Patrick Okoth
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Natural and Applied Sciences, Masinde Muliro University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 190, Kakamega, 50100, Kenya
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Tarighati E, Keivan H, Mahani H. A review of prognostic and predictive biomarkers in breast cancer. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:1-16. [PMID: 35031885 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-021-00781-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a common cancer all over the world that affects women. BC is one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in women, which today has decreased with the advancement of technology and new diagnostic and therapeutic methods. BCs are histologically divided into in situ and invasive carcinoma, and both of them can be divided into ductal and lobular. The main function after the diagnosis of invasive breast cancer is which patient should use chemotherapy, which patient should receive adjuvant therapy, and which should not. If the decision is for adjuvant therapy, the next challenge is to identify the most appropriate treatment or combination of treatments for a particular patient. Addressing the first challenge can be helped by prognostic biomarkers, while addressing the second challenge can be done by predictive biomarkers. Among the molecular markers related to BC, ER, PR, HER2, and the Mib1/Ki-67 proliferation index are the most significant ones and are tightly confirmed in the standard care of all primary, recurrent, and metastatic BC patients. CEA and CA-15-3 antigens are the most valuable markers of serum tumors in BC patients. Determining the series of these markers helps monitor response to the treatment and early detection of recurrence or metastasis. miRNAs have been demonstrated to be intricate in mammary gland growth, proliferation, and formation of BC known to be incriminated in BC biology. By combining established prognostic factors with valid prognostic/predicted biomarkers, we can start the journey to personalized treatment for every recently diagnosed BC patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elaheh Tarighati
- Department of Medical Physics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Keivan
- School of Paramedicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Hojjat Mahani
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, P.O. Box: 14395-836, Tehran, Iran.
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Miladinova D. Molecular imaging of HER2 receptor: Targeting HER2 for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1144817. [PMID: 36936995 PMCID: PMC10018203 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1144817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Targeting HER 2 for imaging and therapy in nuclear medicine has been used with a special emphasis on developing more powerful radiopharmaceuticals. Zirconium-89 plays an essential role in immune PET imaging so was used labeled with anti-HER2 antibody (Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab). Also there were attempts with other PET tracers as Cuprum-64 and Galium-68, as well as SPECT radiopharmaceuticals Indium-111 and Technetium- 99m. Regarding antibody pharmacokinetic that is not quite appropriate for imaging acquisition, several smaller molecules with shorter residence times have been developed. These molecules called nanobody, affibody, minibody do not compromize HER2 receptor affinity and specificity. Excess of Trastuzumab do not block the affinity of labeled affibodies. Silica nanoparticles have been conjugated to anti-HER2 antibodies to enable targeting of HER2 expressing cells with potential of drug delivery carry for antitumor agents and b(beta) or a(alfa) emitting radioisotopes commonly used for radionuclide therapy, as Iodine-131, Lutetium-177, Yttrium-90, Rhenium-188 and Thorium-277.
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Manafi-Farid R, Ataeinia B, Ranjbar S, Jamshidi Araghi Z, Moradi MM, Pirich C, Beheshti M. ImmunoPET: Antibody-Based PET Imaging in Solid Tumors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:916693. [PMID: 35836956 PMCID: PMC9273828 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.916693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reyhaneh Manafi-Farid
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bahar Ataeinia
- Department of Radiology, Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Shaghayegh Ranjbar
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Zahra Jamshidi Araghi
- Rajaie Cardiovascular Medical and Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mobin Moradi
- Research Center for Nuclear Medicine, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Christian Pirich
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Division of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- *Correspondence: Mohsen Beheshti ; orcid.org/0000-0003-3918-3812
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12
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Ulaner GA. 16α-18F-fluoro-17β-Fluoroestradiol (FES): Clinical Applications for Patients With Breast Cancer. Semin Nucl Med 2022; 52:574-583. [DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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13
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Cheng Z, Du Y, Yu L, Yuan Z, Tian J. Application of Noninvasive Imaging to Combined Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Breast Cancer: Facts and Future. Mol Imaging Biol 2022; 24:264-279. [PMID: 35102468 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01688-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
With the application of mono-immunotherapy in cancer, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors, improved outcomes have been achieved. However, there are several limitations to immunotherapy, such as a poor response to the drugs, immune resistance, and immune-related adverse events. In recent years, studies of preclinical animal models and clinical trials have demonstrated that immune checkpoint inhibitors for breast cancer can significantly prolong the overall survival and quality of patients' lives. Meanwhile, combined immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment has attracted researchers' attention and showed great potential in the comprehensive treatment of breast cancer patients. Additionally, noninvasive imaging enables physicians to predict response to combined immunotherapeutic drugs, achieve treatment efficacy, and lead to better clinical management. Herein, we review the background of combined immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy and summarize its targeted imaging as well as progress in noninvasive imaging aimed at evaluating therapeutic outcomes. Finally, we describe several factors that may influence the outcome of this combined immunotherapy, the future direction of medical imaging, and the potential application of artificial intelligence in breast cancer. With further development of noninvasive imaging for the guidance of combined immune checkpoint inhibitors, cures for this disease may be achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongquan Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.,CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China
| | - Yang Du
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China.
| | - Leyi Yu
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Zhu Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100050, China.
| | - Jie Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, The State Key Laboratory of Management and Control for Complex System, Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, BeijingBeijing, 100190, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100080, China. .,Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, School of Medicine Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China. .,School of Life Science and Technology, Xidian University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710071, China.
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14
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Galati F, Moffa G, Pediconi F. Breast imaging: Beyond the detection. Eur J Radiol 2021; 146:110051. [PMID: 34864426 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.110051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease nowadays, including different biological subtypes with a variety of possible treatments, which aim to achieve the best outcome in terms of response to therapy and overall survival. In recent years breast imaging has evolved considerably, and the ultimate goal is to predict these strong phenotypic differences noninvasively. Indeed, breast cancer multiparametric studies can highlight not only qualitative imaging parameters, as the presence/absence of a likely malignant finding, but also quantitative parameters, suggesting clinical-pathological features through the evaluation of imaging biomarkers. A further step has been the introduction of artificial intelligence and in particular radiogenomics, that investigates the relationship between breast cancer imaging characteristics and tumor molecular, genomic and proliferation features. In this review, we discuss the main techniques currently in use for breast imaging, their respective fields of use and their technological and diagnostic innovations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Galati
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" - University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giuliana Moffa
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" - University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Pediconi
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Pathological Sciences, "Sapienza" - University of Rome, Viale Regina Elena, 324, 00161 Rome, Italy.
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15
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Nitheesh Y, Pradhan R, Hejmady S, Taliyan R, Singhvi G, Alexander A, Kesharwani P, Dubey SK. Surface engineered nanocarriers for the management of breast cancer. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 130:112441. [PMID: 34702526 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer is commonly known life-threatening malignancy in women after lung cancer. The standard of care (SOC) treatment for breast cancer primarily includes surgery, radiotherapy, hormonal therapy, and chemotherapy. However, the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapy is restricted by several limitations such as poor targeting, drug resistance, poor drug delivery, and high toxicity. Nanoparticulate drug delivery systems have gained a lot of interest in the scientific community because of its unique features and promising potential in breast cancer diagnosis and treatment. The unique physicochemical and biological properties of the nanoparticulate drug delivery systems promotes the drug accumulation, Pharmacokinetic profile towards the tumor site and thereby, reduces the cytotoxicity towards healthy cells. In addition, to improve tumor-specific drug delivery, researchers have focused on surface engineered nanocarrier system with targeting molecules/ligands that are specific to overexpressed receptors present on cancer cells. In this review, we have summarized the different biological ligands and surface-engineered nanoparticles, enlightening the physicochemical characteristics, toxic effects, and regulatory considerations of nanoparticles involved in treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanamandala Nitheesh
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Rajesh Pradhan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Siddhant Hejmady
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Rajeev Taliyan
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Amit Alexander
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER-G), Ministry of Chemicals & Fertilizers, Govt. of India NH 37, NITS Mirza, Kamrup-781125, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Prashant Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India.
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- R&D Healthcare Division, Emami Ltd, 13, BT Road, Belgharia 700056, Kolkata, India.
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16
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Privat M, Bellaye PS, Lescure R, Massot A, Baffroy O, Moreau M, Racoeur C, Marcion G, Denat F, Bettaieb A, Collin B, Bodio E, Paul C, Goze C. Development of an Easily Bioconjugatable Water-Soluble Single-Photon Emission-Computed Tomography/Optical Imaging Bimodal Imaging Probe Based on the aza-BODIPY Fluorophore. J Med Chem 2021; 64:11063-11073. [PMID: 34338511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c00450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A water-soluble fluorescent aza-BODIPY platform (Wazaby) was prepared and functionalized by a polyazamacrocycle agent and a bioconjugable arm. The resulting fluorescent derivative was characterized and bioconjugated onto a trastuzumab monoclonal antibody as a vector. After bioconjugation, the imaging agent appeared to be stable in serum (>72 h at 37 °C) and specifically labeled HER-2-positive breast tumors slices. The bioconjugate was radiolabeled with [111In] indium and studied in vivo. The developed monomolecular multimodal imaging probe (MOMIP) is water-soluble and chemically and photochemically stable, emits in the near infrared (NIR) region (734 nm in aqueous media), and displays a good quantum yield of fluorescence (around 15%). Single-photon emission-computed tomography and fluorescence imaging have been performed in nude mice bearing HER2-overexpressing HCC1954 human breast cancer xenografts and have evidenced the good tumor targeting of the [111In] In bimodal agent. Finally, the proof of concept of using it as a new tool for fluorescence-guided surgery has been shown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malorie Privat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Franche Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Pierre-Simon Bellaye
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges François Leclerc, 1 rue Professeur Marion, BP77980, Dijon Cedex 21079, France
| | - Robin Lescure
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Aurélie Massot
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Franche Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Océane Baffroy
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Mathieu Moreau
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France.,Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges François Leclerc, 1 rue Professeur Marion, BP77980, Dijon Cedex 21079, France
| | - Cindy Racoeur
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Franche Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Guillaume Marcion
- UMR INSERM/uB/AGROSUP 1231, Team 3 HSP-Pathies, labellisée Ligue Nationale contre le Cancer and Laboratoire d'Excellence LipSTIC, Dijon, France UFR des Sciences de Santé, Université de Bourgogne, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Franck Denat
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Ali Bettaieb
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Franche Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Bertrand Collin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France.,Service de médecine nucléaire, Centre Georges François Leclerc, 1 rue Professeur Marion, BP77980, Dijon Cedex 21079, France
| | - Ewen Bodio
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Catherine Paul
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie et Immunothérapie des Cancers, EPHE, PSL Research University, 75000 Paris; LIIC, EA7269, Université de Bourgogne, Franche Comté, Dijon 21000, France
| | - Christine Goze
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, ICMUB UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Dijon 21000, France
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17
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Schmitthenner HF, Barrett TM, Beach SA, Heese LE, Weidman C, Dobson DE, Mahoney ER, Schug NC, Jones KG, Durmaz C, Otasowie O, Aronow S, Lee YP, Ophardt HD, Becker AE, Hornak JP, Evans IM, Ferran MC. Modular Synthesis of Peptide-Based Single- and Multimodal Targeted Molecular Imaging Agents. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2021; 4:5435-5448. [PMID: 35006725 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A practical, modular synthesis of targeted molecular imaging agents (TMIAs) containing near-infrared dyes for optical molecular imaging (OMI) or chelated metals for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and single-photon emission correlation tomography (SPECT) or positron emission tomography (PET) has been developed. In the method, imaging modules are formed early in the synthesis by attaching imaging agents to the side chain of protected lysines. These modules may be assembled to provide a given set of single- or dual-modal imaging agents, which may be conjugated in the last steps of the synthesis under mild conditions to linkers and targeting groups. A key discovery was the ability of a metal such as gadolinium, useful in MRI, to serve as a protecting group for the chelator, 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA). It was further discovered that two lanthanide metals, La and Ce, can double as protecting groups and placeholder metals, which may be transmetalated under mild conditions by metals used for PET in the final step. The modular method enabled the synthesis of discrete targeted probes with two of the same or different dyes, two same or different metals, or mixtures of dyes and metals. The approach was exemplified by the synthesis of single- or dual-modal imaging modules for MRI-OMI, PET-OMI, and PET-MRI, followed by conjugation to the integrin-seeking peptide, c(RGDyK). For Gd modules, their efficacy for MRI was verified by measuring the NMR spin-lattice relaxivity. To validate functional imaging of TMIAs, dual-modal agents containing Cy5.5 were shown to target A549 cancer cells by confocal fluorescence microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans F Schmitthenner
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Taylor M Barrett
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Stephanie A Beach
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Lauren E Heese
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Chelsea Weidman
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Damien E Dobson
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Emily R Mahoney
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Nicholas C Schug
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Kelsea G Jones
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Ceyda Durmaz
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Osarhuwense Otasowie
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Sean Aronow
- Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Yin Peng Lee
- Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Henry D Ophardt
- Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Amy E Becker
- Chester Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Joseph P Hornak
- School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States.,Chester Carlson Center for Imaging Science, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Irene M Evans
- Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
| | - Maureen C Ferran
- Gosnell School of Life Sciences, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, United States
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18
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Han Z, Ke M, Liu X, Wang J, Guan Z, Qiao L, Wu Z, Sun Y, Sun X. Molecular Imaging, How Close to Clinical Precision Medicine in Lung, Brain, Prostate and Breast Cancers. Mol Imaging Biol 2021; 24:8-22. [PMID: 34269972 DOI: 10.1007/s11307-021-01631-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Precision medicine is playing a pivotal role in strategies of cancer therapy. Unlike conventional one-size-fits-all chemotherapy or radiotherapy modalities, precision medicine could customize an individual treatment plan for cancer patients to acquire superior efficacy, while minimizing side effects. Precision medicine in cancer therapy relies on precise and timely tumor biological information. Traditional tissue biopsies, however, are often inadequate in meeting this requirement due to cancer heterogeneity, poor tolerance, and invasiveness. Molecular imaging could detect tumor biology characterization in a noninvasive and visual manner, and provide information about therapeutic targets, treatment response, and pharmacodynamic evaluation. This summates to significant value in guiding cancer precision medicine in aspects of patient screening, treatment monitoring, and estimating prognoses. Although growing clinical evidences support the further application of molecular imaging in precision medicine of cancer, some challenges remain. In this review, we briefly summarize and discuss representative clinical trials of molecular imaging in improving precision medicine of cancer patients, aiming to provide useful references for facilitating further clinical translation of molecular imaging to precision medicine of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaoguo Han
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Mingxing Ke
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhengqi Guan
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Lina Qiao
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Zhexi Wu
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Yingying Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xilin Sun
- NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Molecular Probe and Targeted Theranostics, Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRC), Harbin Medical University, 766 Xiangan N street, Harbin, 150028, Heilongjiang, China.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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19
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Vi C, Mandarano G, Shigdar S. Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Targeting HER2 Breast Cancer: A Novel Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6163. [PMID: 34200484 PMCID: PMC8201268 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in women globally and is the primary cause of cancer mortality in females. BC is highly heterogeneous with various phenotypic expressions. The overexpression of HER2 is responsible for 15-30% of all invasive BC and is strongly associated with malignant behaviours, poor prognosis and decline in overall survival. Molecular imaging offers advantages over conventional imaging modalities, as it provides more sensitive and specific detection of tumours, as these techniques measure the biological and physiological processes at the cellular level to visualise the disease. Early detection and diagnosis of BC is crucial to improving clinical outcomes and prognosis. While HER2-specific antibodies and nanobodies may improve the sensitivity and specificity of molecular imaging, the radioisotope conjugation process may interfere with and may compromise their binding functionalities. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of targeting biomarkers with remarkable binding specificity and affinity. Aptamers can be functionalised with radioisotopes without compromising target specificity. The attachment of different radioisotopes can determine the aptamer's functionality in the treatment of HER2(+) BC. Several HER2 aptamers and investigations of them have been described and evaluated in this paper. We also provide recommendations for future studies with HER2 aptamers to target HER2(+) BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Vi
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.V.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanni Mandarano
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.V.); (G.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
| | - Sarah Shigdar
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia; (C.V.); (G.M.)
- Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC 3220, Australia
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20
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Chen D, Fan Q, Xu T, Dong J, Cui J, Wang Z, Wang J, Meng Q, Li S. Design, Synthesis and Binding Affinity Evaluation of Cytochrome P450 1B1 Targeted Chelators. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:261-269. [PMID: 33820523 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210405091645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) is specifically expressed in a variety of tumors which makes it a promise imaging target of tumor. OBJECTIVE We aimed to design and synthesize CYP1B1 targeted chelators for the potential application in positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of tumor. METHODS 1,4,7-triazacyclononane-1,4-diiacetic acid (NODA) was connected to the CYP1B1 selective inhibitor we developed before through polyethylene glycol (PEG) linkers with different lengths. The inhibitory activities of chelators 6a-c against CYP1 family were evaluated by 7-ethoxyresorufin o-deethylation (EROD) assay. The manual docking between the chelators and the CYP1B1 are conducted subsequently. To determine the binding affinities of 6a-c to CYP1B1 in cells, we further performed a competition study at the cell level. RESULTS Among three chelators, 6a with the shortest linker showed the best inhibitory activity against CYP1B1. In the following molecular simulation study, protein-inhibitor complex of 6a showed the nearest F-heme distance which is consistent with the results of enzymatic assay. Finally, the cell based competitive assay proved the binding affinity of 6a-c to CYP1B1 enzyme. CONCLUSION We designed and synthesized a series of chelators which can bind to CYP1B1 enzyme in cancer cells.To our knowledge, this work is the first attempt to construct CYP1B1 targeted chelators for radiolabeling and we hope it will prompt the application of CYP1B1 imaging in tumor detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Qiqi Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Ting Xu
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1961 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030. China
| | - Jinyun Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Jiahua Cui
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Zengtao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Jie Wang
- Department of Breast Disease, The International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 1961 Huashan Road, Shanghai 200030. China
| | - Qingqing Meng
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
| | - Shaoshun Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240. China
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21
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Molecular Biomarkers for Contemporary Therapies in Hormone Receptor-Positive Breast Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12020285. [PMID: 33671468 PMCID: PMC7922594 DOI: 10.3390/genes12020285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) breast cancer is undergoing a renaissance, with a number of targeted therapies including CDK4/6, mTOR, and PI3K inhibitors now approved for use in combination with endocrine therapies. The increased use of targeted therapies has changed the natural history of HR+ breast cancers, with the emergence of new escape mechanisms leading to the inevitable progression of disease in patients with advanced cancers. The identification of new predictive and pharmacodynamic biomarkers to current standard-of-care therapies and discovery of new therapies is an evolving and urgent clinical challenge in this setting. While traditional, routinely measured biomarkers such as estrogen receptors (ERs), progesterone receptors (PRs), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) still represent the best prognostic and predictive biomarkers for HR+ breast cancer, a significant proportion of patients either do not respond to endocrine therapy or develop endocrine resistant disease. Genomic tests have emerged as a useful adjunct prognostication tool and guide the addition of chemotherapy to endocrine therapy. In the treatment-resistant setting, mutational profiling has been used to identify ESR1, PIK3CA, and AKT mutations as predictive molecular biomarkers to newer therapies. Additionally, pharmacodynamic biomarkers are being increasingly used and considered in the metastatic setting. In this review, we summarise the current state-of-the-art therapies; prognostic, predictive, and pharmacodynamic molecular biomarkers; and how these are impacted by emerging therapies for HR+ breast cancer.
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22
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Park HM, Kim H, Kim DW, Yoon JH, Kim BG, Cho JY. Common plasma protein marker LCAT in aggressive human breast cancer and canine mammary tumor. BMB Rep 2020. [PMID: 33298249 PMCID: PMC7781914 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2020.53.12.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the most frequently diagnosed cancers. Although biomarkers are continuously being discovered, few specific markers, rather than classification markers, representing the aggressiveness and invasiveness of breast cancer are known. In this study, we used samples from canine mammary tumors in a comparative approach. We subjected 36 fractions of both canine normal and mammary tumor plasmas to high-performance quantitative proteomics analysis. Among the identified proteins, LCAT was selectively expressed in mixed tumor samples. With further MRM and Western blot validation, we discovered that the LCAT protein is an indicator of aggressive mammary tumors, an advanced stage of cancer, possibly highly metastatic. Interestingly, we also found that LCAT is overexpressed in high-grade and lymphnode-positive breast cancer in silico data. We also demonstrated that LCAT is highly expressed in the sera of advanced-stage human breast cancers within the same classification. In conclusion, we identified a possible common plasma protein biomarker, LCAT, that is highly expressed in aggressive human breast cancer and canine mammary tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyoung-Min Park
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- The Canine Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - HuiSu Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- The Canine Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Dong Wook Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- The Canine Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Yoon
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, UNIST, Ulsan 44919, Korea
| | - Je-Yoel Cho
- Department of Biochemistry, BK21 Plus and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
- The Canine Cancer Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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23
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Mohanty SS, Sahoo CR, Padhy RN. Role of hormone receptors and HER2 as prospective molecular markers for breast cancer: An update. Genes Dis 2020; 9:648-658. [PMID: 35782984 PMCID: PMC9243349 DOI: 10.1016/j.gendis.2020.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides an updated account on the current methods, principles and mechanism of action of therapies for the detection of molecular markers of therapeutic importance in the prognosis of breast cancer progression and recurrence, which includes estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor2 (HER2). Indeed, hormone-receptors namely, ER, PR, proto-oncogene HER2 are the basic molecular markers that are recognized and established prognostic factors and predictors of response, for therapeutic practice. These markers can be detected by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which are established, faster and cost effective detection methods. These molecular markers along with clinicopathological prognostic parameters give the best prediction of the prognosis of cancer recurrence and progress. Finally, hormone receptors and HER2 as molecular markers are of prime therapeutic importance and have the capability to take part in future drug development techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Sucharita Mohanty
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751004, India
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Corresponding author. Cytogenetics Laboratory, P.G. Department of Zoology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar 751004, Odisha, India.
| | - Chita Ranjan Sahoo
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
| | - Rabindra Nath Padhy
- Central Research Laboratory, Institute of Medical Sciences & SUM Hospital, Siksha ‘O’ Anusandhan Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha 751003, India
- Corresponding author.
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24
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A review of clinical and emerging biomarkers for breast cancers: towards precision medicine for patients. JOURNAL OF RADIOTHERAPY IN PRACTICE 2020. [DOI: 10.1017/s1460396920000746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractBackground:Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed malignancy among women and accounts for about 25% of all new cancer cases and 13% of all cancer deaths in Canadian women. It is a highly heterogeneous disease, encompassing multiple tumour entities, each characterised by distinct morphology, behaviour and clinical implications. Moreover, different breast tumour subtypes have different risk factors, clinical presentation, histopathological features, outcome and response to systemic therapies. Therefore, any strategies capable of the stratification of breast cancer by clinically relevant subtypes are an important requirement for personalised and targeted treatment. Therefore, in the advancement towards the concept of precision medicine that takes individual patient variability into account, several investigators have focused on the identification of effective clinical breast cancer biomarkers that interrogate key aberrant pathways potentially targetable with molecular targeted or immunological therapies.Methods and materials:This paper reports on a review of 11 current clinical and emerging biomarkers used in screening for early detection and diagnosis, to stratify patients by disease subtype, to identify patients’ risk for metastatic disease and subsequent relapse, to monitor patient response to specific treatment and to provide clinicians the possibility of prospectively identifying groups of patients who will benefit from a particular treatment.Conclusion:The future holds promising for the use of effective clinical breast cancer biomarkers for early detection and personalised patient-specific targeted treatment and increased patient survival. Breast cancer biomarkers can potentially assist in early-staged, non-invasive, sensitive and specific breast cancer detection and screening, provide clinically useful information for identification of patients with a greater likelihood of benefiting from the specific treatment, offer a better understanding of the metastatic process in cancer patients, predict disease and for patients with the established disease can assist define the nature of the disease, monitor the success of treatment and guide the clinical management of the disease.
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25
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Graphene-based multifunctional nanosystems for simultaneous detection and treatment of breast cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 193:111104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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26
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Ulaner GA, Jhaveri K, Chandarlapaty S, Hatzoglou V, Riedl CC, Lewis JS, Mauguen A. Head-to-Head Evaluation of 18F-FES and 18F-FDG PET/CT in Metastatic Invasive Lobular Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:326-331. [PMID: 32680923 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.247882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Invasive lobular carcinoma (ILC) demonstrates lower conspicuity on 18F-FDG PET than the more common invasive ductal carcinoma. Other molecular imaging methods may be needed for evaluation of this malignancy. As ILC is nearly always (95%) estrogen receptor (ER)-positive, ER-targeting PET tracers such as 16α-18F-fluoroestradiol (18F-FES) may have value. We reviewed prospective trials at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center using 18F-FES PET/CT to evaluate metastatic ILC patients with synchronous 18F-FDG and 18F-FES PET/CT imaging, which allowed a head-to-head comparison of these 2 PET tracers. Methods: Six prospective clinical trials using 18F-FES PET/CT in patients with metastatic breast cancer were performed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center from 2008 to 2019. These trials included 92 patients, of whom 14 (15%) were of ILC histology. Seven of 14 patients with ILC had 18F-FDG PET/CT performed within 5 wk of the research 18F-FES PET/CT and no intervening change in management. For these 7 patients, the 18F-FES and 18F-FDG PET/CT studies were analyzed to determine the total number of tracer-avid lesions, organ systems of involvement, and SUVmax of each organ system for both tracers. Results: In the 7 comparable pairs of scans, there were a total of 254 18F-FES-avid lesions (SUVmax, 2.6-17.9) and 111 18F-FDG-avid lesions (SUVmax, 3.3-9.9) suggestive of malignancy. For 5 of 7 (71%) ILC patients, 18F-FES PET/CT detected more metastatic lesions than 18F-FDG PET/CT. In the same 5 of 7 patients, the SUVmax of 18F-FES-avid lesions was greater than the SUVmax of 18F-FDG-avid lesions. One patient had 18F-FES-avid metastases with no corresponding 18F-FDG-avid metastases. There were no patients with 18F-FDG-avid distant metastases without 18F-FES-avid distant metastases, although in one patient liver metastases were evident on 18F-FDG but not on 18F-FES PET. Conclusion: 18F-FES PET/CT compared favorably with 18F-FDG PET/CT for detection of metastases in patients with metastatic ILC. Larger prospective trials of 18F-FES PET/CT in ILC should be considered to evaluate ER-targeted imaging for clinical value in patients with this histology of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Ulaner
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Newport Beach, California .,Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Sarat Chandarlapaty
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Christopher C Riedl
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York; and
| | - Audrey Mauguen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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27
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Elevated Soluble Galectin-3 as a Marker of Chemotherapy Efficacy in Breast Cancer Patients: A Prospective Study. Int J Breast Cancer 2020; 2020:4824813. [PMID: 32231800 PMCID: PMC7097759 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4824813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 01/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is a glycan-binding lectin with a debated role in cancer progression due to its various functions and patterns of expression. The current study investigates the relationship between breast cancer prognosis and secreted Gal-3. Methods Breast cancer patients with first time cancer diagnosis and no prior treatment (n = 88) were placed in either adjuvant or neoadjuvant setting based on their treatment modality. Stromal and plasma Gal-3 levels were measured in each patient at the time of diagnosis and then throughout treatment using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and ELISA, respectively. Healthy women (>18 years of age, n = 63) were used to establish baseline levels of plasma Gal-3. Patients were followed for 84 months for disease-free survival analysis. Results Enhanced levels of plasma (adjuvant) and stromal (neoadjuvant) Gal-3 were found to be markers of chemotherapy efficacy. The patients with chemotherapy-induced increase in extracellular Gal-3 had longer disease-free interval and significantly lower rate of recurrence during 84-month follow-up compared to patients with unchanged or decreased secretion. Conclusion The findings support the use of plasma Gal-3 as a marker for chemotherapy efficacy when no residual tumor is visible through imaging. Furthermore, stromal levels in any remaining tumors postchemotherapy can also be used to predict long-term prognosis in patients.
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28
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Kashyap D, Kaur H. Cell-free miRNAs as non-invasive biomarkers in breast cancer: Significance in early diagnosis and metastasis prediction. Life Sci 2020; 246:117417. [PMID: 32044304 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the genetic diseases causing a high mortality among women around the world. Despite the availability of advanced diagnostic tools and treatment strategies, the incidence of breast cancer is increasing every year. This is due to the lack of accurate and reliable biomarkers whose deficiency creates difficulty in early breast cancer recognition, subtypes determination, and metastasis prophecy. Although biomarkers such as ER, PR, Her2, Ki-67, and other genetic platforms e.g. MammaPrint®, Oncotype DX®, Prosigna® or EndoPredict® are available for determination of breast cancer diagnosis and prognosis. However, pertaining to heterogeneous nature, lack of sensitivity, and specificity of these markers, it is still incessant to overcome breast cancer burden. Therefore, a novel biomarker is urgently needed for therapeutic diagnosis and improving prognosis. Lately, it has become more evident that cell-free miRNAs might be useful as good non-invasive biomarkers that are associated with different events in carcinogenesis. For example, some known biomarkers such as miR-21, miR-23a, miR-34a are associated with molecular subtyping and different biomolecular aspects i.e. apoptosis, angiogenesis, metastasis, and miR-1, miR-10b, miR-16 are associated with drug response. Cell-free miRNAs present in human body fluids have proven to be potential biomarkers with significant prognostic and predictive values. Numerous studies have found a distinct expression profile of circulating miRNAs in breast tumour versus non-tumour and in early and advanced-stage, thus implicating its clinical relevance. This review article will highlight the importance of different cell-free miRNAs as a biomarker for early breast cancer detection, subtype classification, and metastasis forecast.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharambir Kashyap
- Department of Histopathology, Postgraduation Institute of Medical Education and Research (PGIMER), Chandigarh 160012, India
| | - Harmandeep Kaur
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science and Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute of St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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29
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Odularu AT, Ajibade PA, Mbese JZ. Impact of Molybdenum Compounds as Anticancer Agents. Bioinorg Chem Appl 2019; 2019:6416198. [PMID: 31582964 PMCID: PMC6754869 DOI: 10.1155/2019/6416198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this mini review was to report the molybdenum compound intervention to control cancer disease. The intervention explains its roles and progress from inorganic molybdenum compounds via organomolybdenum complexes to its nanoparticles to control oesophageal cancer and breast cancer as case studies. Main contributions of molybdenum compounds as anticancer agents could be observed in their nanofibrous support with suitable physicochemical properties, combination therapy, and biosensors (biomarkers). Recent areas in anticancer drug design, which entail the uses of selected targets, were also surveyed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayodele T. Odularu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
| | - Peter A. Ajibade
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg Campus, Scottsville 3209, South Africa
| | - Johannes Z. Mbese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Fort Hare, Private Bag X1314, Alice 5700, South Africa
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30
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Gao F, Peng C, Zhuang R, Guo Z, Liu H, Huang L, Li H, Xu D, Wen X, Fang J, Zhang X. 18F-labeled ethisterone derivative for progesterone receptor targeted PET imaging of breast cancer. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 72-73:62-69. [PMID: 31330414 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE A novel radiolabeled probe 1‑(17‑[18F]fluoro‑3,6,9,12,15‑pentaoxaheptadecyl‑1H‑1,2,3‑triazole testosterone ([18F]FPTT) was synthesized and evaluated for PET imaging of progesterone receptor (PR)-positive breast cancer. METHODS The ethinyl group of ethisterone, a PR targeting pharmacophore, was coupled with azide modified PEG-OTs by click chemistry to obtain the labeling precursor. The final [18F]FPTT was synthesized by a one-step nucleophilic substitution reaction with 18F. The in vitro stabilities of [18F]FPTT in saline or rat serum were determined after 2 h incubation. Then the in vitro cell binding, ex vivo biodistribution and in vivo imaging of [18F]FPTT were further investigated to evaluate the PR targeting ability and feasibility for the diagnosis of PR-positive breast cancer with PET imaging. RESULTS [18F]FPTT was obtained in high decay-corrected radiochemical yield (78 ± 9%) at the end of synthesis. It had high radiochemical purity (>98%) after HPLC purification and good in vitro stability. The molar activity of [18F]FPTT was calculated as 17 GBq/μmol. The microPET imaging of [18F]FPTT in tumor-bearing mice showed much higher tumor uptake in PR-positive MCF-7 tumor (3.9 ± 0.20%ID/g) than that of PR-negative MDA-MB-231 tumor (1.3 ± 0.08%ID/g). The high MCF-7 tumor uptake could be specifically inhibited by blocking with ethisterone (1.3 ± 0.11%ID/g) or [19F]FPTT (2.20 ± 0.17%ID/g), respectively. The biodistribution in estrogen-primed female SD rats of [18F]FPTT showed high uterus and ovary uptakes (8.31 ± 1.74%ID/g and 3.79 ± 0.82%ID/g at 1 h post-injection). The specific uptakes of uterus and ovary in normal rats were 3.52 ± 0.29%ID/g and 3.22 ± 0.50%ID/g respectively and could be inhibited by co-injecting of ethisterone. CONCLUSION A novel [18F]FPTT probe based on ethisterone modification could be a potential diagnostic agent for PR-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Chenyu Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Rongqiang Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Zhide Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lumei Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Hua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xuejun Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Jianyang Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Xianzhong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics & Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
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Abstract
Amino acids are an alternate energy source to glucose, and amino acid metabolism is up-regulated in multiple malignancies, including breast cancers. Multiple amino acid radiotracers have been used to image breast cancer with unique strengths and weaknesses. 11C-methionine uptake correlates with S-phase fraction in breast cancer and may be useful for evaluation of treatment response. Invasive lobular breast cancers may demonstrate greater 18F-fluciclovine avidity than 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose. Thus, different histologic subtypes of breast cancer may use diverse metabolic pathways and may be better imaged by different tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, Box 77, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical School, 525 East 68th Street, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - David M Schuster
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University Hospital, Room E152, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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32
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Joseph C, Papadaki A, Althobiti M, Alsaleem M, Aleskandarany MA, Rakha EA. Breast cancer intratumour heterogeneity: current status and clinical implications. Histopathology 2018; 73:717-731. [PMID: 29722058 DOI: 10.1111/his.13642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease that varies in presentation, morphological features, behaviour, and response to therapy. High-throughput molecular profiling studies have revolutionised our understanding of BC heterogeneity, and have demonstrated that molecular profiles of tumours are variable not only between tumours, but also within individual tumours. Current evidence indicates that spatial and temporal intratumour heterogeneity of BC exists at levels beyond what are commonly expected. Intratumour heterogeneity poses critical challenges in the diagnosis, prediction of behaviour and management of BC. For instance, heterogeneous expression of oestrogen receptor, progesterone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 can be seen not only in primary tumours between different regions, but also between primary tumours and their corresponding metastatic/recurrent lesions. The demonstration of molecularly distinct subclones within individual tumours may explain, at least in part, the mechanisms controlling the variable behaviour of BC, and may change our approach to BC sampling and treatment. In this review, BC intratumour heterogeneity is highlighted, with a special emphasis on the current knowledge pertaining to the relationship between intratumour heterogeneity and BC pathogenesis, evolution, and progression, with consideration of its impact on disease diagnosis, management, and the emergence of novel therapeutic targets. The key role of high-throughput molecular and imaging techniques is also addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Joseph
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Athanasia Papadaki
- Leicester Royal Infirmary, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Maryam Althobiti
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mansour Alsaleem
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Mohammed A Aleskandarany
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK
| | - Emad A Rakha
- Academic Pathology, Division of Cancer and Stem Cells, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham City Hospital, Nottingham, UK.,Cellular Pathology, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, UK
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33
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Henry KE, Ulaner GA, Lewis JS. Clinical Potential of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 Imaging in Breast Cancer. PET Clin 2018; 13:423-435. [PMID: 30100080 PMCID: PMC6092024 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2018.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Increased expression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) protein family are targets in breast cancer for imaging and therapy. Imaging modalities targeting HER2 and HER3 can diagnose breast cancer with a specific, biologically relevant target. Repeat biopsies do not address heterogeneity intratumorally or between primary disease and metastasis. HER2- and HER3-targeted PET is an important tool to diagnose disease in breast cancer and evaluate response to targeted therapies. PET and single photon emission computed tomography with radiolabeled biomolecules can be used to detect and quantify specific targets, conferring a better understanding of the behavior and effectiveness of treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA; Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To image the uptake of cobalamin (Cbl) within malignant breast tumors in vivo. PROCEDURES Prior to surgery 20 female patients with clinically suspected breast tumors were intravenously administered 0.25 μg of an In-111 labeled 5-deoxyadenosylcobalamin (AC) analog ([111In]AC) and sequentially imaged with whole-body planar (WBP) and single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) between 2-5 h and 20-24 h post-injection (P.I.). The tumor to background (T/B) ratio for [111In]AC in breast tumors at 2-5 h was correlated to its expression of estrogen (ER), progesterone (PR), and human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) receptors. Subsequent pulse chase (PC) experiments in nude mice burdened with the MDA-MB-231 triple-negative (TN) breast tumor xenograft measured the effect that pulses of AC or dexamethasone (DEX) had on [111In]AC uptake in both normal murine tissue and the TN breast tumor. RESULTS The mean [111In]AC T/B ratio of the patients' 18 resected tumors was 5.8. Comparing ER- and PR-positive tumors (n = 11) to TN and HER2-positive tumors (n = 7), the mean [111In]AC T/B ratios at 2-5 h P.I. were 3.2 (range 1.8-5.6) and 10.4 (range 3.3-22.5), respectively. Pulses of 2.0 μg of AC at 2, 8, or 24 h; or 40.0 μg of DEX at 24 h prior to injecting 0.5 μg of [111In]AC, increased mean tracer uptake in the MDA-MB-231 tumors by 26.4, 71.5, 92.6, and 49.1 %, respectively. Only the 2- and 24-h PC intervals concomitantly suppressed [111In]AC uptake in normal murine tissue while enhancing [111In]AC uptake in MDA-MB-231 tumors. CONCLUSION The uptake of Cbl within malignant breast tumors can be imaged clinically. Cbl uptake is greatest in TN and HER2-positive breast tumors. A solitary bolus of AC or DEX increases the [111In]AC uptake within a breast tumor in vivo. Investigating the cytogenetic mechanisms controlling the endocytosis of Cbl in malignant breast tumors is warranted.
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89Zr-Trastuzumab PET/CT for Detection of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Positive Metastases in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Primary Breast Cancer. Clin Nucl Med 2018; 42:912-917. [PMID: 28872549 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000001820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to determine if imaging with Zr-trastuzumab, a human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeting PET tracer, can detect HER2-positive metastases in patients with HER2-negative primary breast cancer. METHODS As part of an institutional review board-approved, prospective clinical trial of Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02286843), a second group of 11 patients with HER2-negative primary breast cancer and known metastatic disease were recruited. Patients with confirmed HER2-negative primary breast cancer underwent Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT to screen for Zr-trastuzumab-avid lesions suggestive of unsuspected HER2-positive metastases. Zr-trastuzumab-avid lesions on PET/CT were biopsied and pathologically examined to determine HER2 status. RESULTS All 11 patients had confirmed HER2-negative primary breast cancer. Four patients demonstrated suspicious foci on Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT. Of these 4 patients, 1 patient had biopsy-proven HER2-positive metastases. The other 3 patients with suspicious Zr-trastuzumab-avid foci had biopsy demonstrating a metastasis that was HER2-negative and were considered false-positive Zr-trastuzumab PET foci. Combined with a published report of the first 9 patients, there have been a total of 20 HER2-negative primary breast cancer patients, with 3 patients (15%) having pathologically confirmed HER2-positive distant metastases and 6 (30%) with suspicious Zr-trastuzumab-avid foci that were HER2-negative on pathology, which were thus considered false-positive Zr-trastuzumab findings. CONCLUSIONS This second group of patients confirms the proof of concept that Zr-trastuzumab PET/CT detects unsuspected HER2-positive metastases in a subset of patients with HER2-negtive primary breast cancer. False-positive Zr-trastuzumab-avid foci present a challenge to using this tracer.
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Henry KE, Ulaner GA, Lewis JS. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Targeted PET/Single- Photon Emission Computed Tomography Imaging of Breast Cancer: Noninvasive Measurement of a Biomarker Integral to Tumor Treatment and Prognosis. PET Clin 2018; 12:269-288. [PMID: 28576166 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2017.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Increased human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is a hallmark of aggressive breast cancer. Imaging modalities have the potential to diagnose HER2-positive breast cancer and detect distant metastases. The heterogeneity of HER2 expression between primary and metastatic disease sites limits the value of tumor biopsies. Molecular imaging is a noninvasive tool to assess HER2-positive primary lesions and metastases. Radiolabeled antibodies, antibody fragments, and affibody molecules devise a reliable and quantitative method for detecting HER2-positive cancer using PET. HER2-targeted PET imaging is a valuable clinical tool with respect to both the care and maintenance of patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly E Henry
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA.
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA; Program in Molecular Pharmacology and Chemistry, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA
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Wibmer AG, Hricak H, Ulaner GA, Weber W. Trends in oncologic hybrid imaging. Eur J Hybrid Imaging 2018; 2:1. [PMID: 29782605 PMCID: PMC5954767 DOI: 10.1186/s41824-017-0019-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Hybrid imaging plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of a wide range of malignancies at all stages. In this article, we review the most pertinent historical developments, emerging clinical applications of novel radiotracers and imaging technologies, and potential implications for training and practice. This includes an overview of novel tracers for prostate, breast, and neuroendocrine tumors, assessment of tumor heterogeneity, the concept of image-guided ‘biologically relevant dosing’, and theranostic applications. Recent technological advancements, including time-of-flight PET, PET/MRI, and ‘one-minute whole-body PET’, are also covered. Finally, we discuss how these rapidly evolving applications might affect current training curricula and how imaging-derived big data could be harnessed to the benefit of our patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas G Wibmer
- 1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA.,2Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Hedvig Hricak
- 1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- 1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA.,2Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
| | - Wolfgang Weber
- 1Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA.,2Molecular Imaging and Therapy Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The goals of this review are to provide background information on the definitions and applications of the general term "biomarker" and to highlight the specific roles of breast imaging biomarkers in research and clinical breast cancer care. A search was conducted of the main electronic biomedical databases (PubMed, Cochrane, Embase, MEDLINE [Ovid], Scopus, and Web of Science). The search was focused on review literature in general radiology and biomedical sciences and on reviews and primary research articles on biomarkers in breast imaging over the 15 years ending in June 2017. The keywords included "biomarker," "trial endpoints," "breast imaging," "breast cancer," "radiomics," and "precision medicine" in the titles and abstracts of the papers. CONCLUSION Clinical breast care and breast cancer-related research rely on imaging biomarkers for decision support. In the era of precision medicine and big data, the practice of radiology is likely to change. A closer integration of breast imaging with related biomedical fields and the creation of large integrated and shareable databases of clinical, molecular, and imaging biomarkers should allow the field to continue guiding breast cancer care and research.
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Ulaner GA, Lyashchenko SK, Riedl C, Ruan S, Zanzonico PB, Lake D, Jhaveri K, Zeglis B, Lewis JS, O'Donoghue JA. First-in-Human Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Targeted Imaging Using 89Zr-Pertuzumab PET/CT: Dosimetry and Clinical Application in Patients with Breast Cancer. J Nucl Med 2017; 59:900-906. [PMID: 29146695 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.117.202010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In what we believe to be a first-in-human study, we evaluated the safety and dosimetry of 89Zr-pertuzumab PET/CT for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-targeted imaging in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. Methods: Patients with HER2-positive breast cancer and evidence of distant metastases were enrolled in an institutional review board-approved prospective clinical trial. Pertuzumab was conjugated with deferoxamine and radiolabeled with 89Zr. Patients underwent PET/CT with 74 MBq of 89Zr-pertuzumab in a total antibody mass of 20-50 mg of pertuzumab. PET/CT, whole-body probe counts, and blood drawing were performed over 8 d to assess pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and dosimetry. PET/CT images were evaluated for the ability to visualize HER2-positive metastases. Results: Six patients with HER2-positive metastatic breast cancer were enrolled and administered 89Zr-pertuzumab. No toxicities occurred. Dosimetry estimates from OLINDA demonstrated that the organs receiving the highest doses (mean ± SD) were the liver (1.75 ± 0.21 mGy/MBq), the kidneys (1.27 ± 0.28 mGy/MBq), and the heart wall (1.22 ± 0.16 mGy/MBq), with an average effective dose of 0.54 ± 0.07 mSv/MBq. PET/CT demonstrated optimal imaging 5-8 d after administration. 89Zr-pertuzumab was able to image multiple sites of malignancy and suggested that they were HER2-positive. In 2 patients with both known HER2-positive and HER2-negative primary breast cancers and brain metastases, 89Zr-pertuzumab PET/CT suggested that the brain metastases were HER2-positive. In 1 of the 2 patients, subsequent resection of a brain metastasis proved HER2-positive disease, confirming that the 89Zr-pertuzumab avidity was a true-positive result for HER2-positive malignancy. Conclusion: This first-in-human study demonstrated safety, dosimetry, biodistribution, and successful HER2-targeted imaging with 89Zr-pertuzumab PET/CT. Potential clinical applications include assessment of the HER2 status of lesions that may not be accessible to biopsy and assessment of HER2 heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Christopher Riedl
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Shutian Ruan
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Pat B Zanzonico
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Diana Lake
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Komal Jhaveri
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Brian Zeglis
- Department of Chemistry, Hunter College, New York, New York; and
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Program in Molecular Pharmacology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Joseph A O'Donoghue
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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40
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Wuest M, Hamann I, Bouvet V, Glubrecht D, Marshall A, Trayner B, Soueidan OM, Krys D, Wagner M, Cheeseman C, West F, Wuest F. Molecular Imaging of GLUT1 and GLUT5 in Breast Cancer: A Multitracer Positron Emission Tomography Imaging Study in Mice. Mol Pharmacol 2017; 93:79-89. [DOI: 10.1124/mol.117.110007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Sorace AG, Harvey S, Syed A, Yankeelov TE. Imaging Considerations and Interprofessional Opportunities in the Care of Breast Cancer Patients in the Neoadjuvant Setting. Semin Oncol Nurs 2017; 33:425-439. [PMID: 28927763 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To discuss standard-of-care and emerging imaging techniques employed for screening and detection, diagnosis and staging, monitoring response to therapy, and guiding cancer treatments. DATA SOURCES Published journal articles indexed in the National Library of Medicine database and relevant websites. CONCLUSION Imaging plays a fundamental role in the care of cancer patients and specifically, breast cancer patients in the neoadjuvant setting, providing an excellent opportunity for interprofessional collaboration between oncologists, researchers, radiologists, and oncology nurses. Quantitative imaging strategies to assess cellular, molecular, and vascular characteristics within the tumor is needed to better evaluate initial diagnosis and treatment response. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING PRACTICE Nurses caring for patients in all settings must continue to seek education on emerging imaging techniques. Oncology nurses provide education about the test, ensure the patient has appropriate pre-testing instructions, and manage patient expectations about timing of results availability.
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42
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Elevated Hu-Antigen Receptor (HuR) Expression is Associated with Tumor Aggressiveness and Poor Prognosis but not with COX-2 Expression in Invasive Breast Carcinoma Patients. Pathol Oncol Res 2017; 24:631-640. [DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0288-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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43
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Soliman M, Taunk NK, Simons RE, Osborne JR, Kim MM, Szerlip NJ, Spratt DE. Anatomic and functional imaging in the diagnosis of spine metastases and response assessment after spine radiosurgery. Neurosurg Focus 2017; 42:E5. [PMID: 28041315 DOI: 10.3171/2016.9.focus16350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Spine stereotactic radiosurgery (SSRS) has recently emerged as an increasingly effective treatment for spinal metastases. Studies performed over the past decade have examined the role of imaging in the diagnosis of metastases, as well as treatment response following SSRS. In this paper, the authors describe and review the utility of several imaging modalities in the diagnosis of spinal metastases and monitoring of their response to SSRS. Specifically, we review the role of CT, MRI, and positron emission tomography (PET) in their ability to differentiate between osteoblastic and osteolytic lesions, delineation of initial bony pathology, detection of treatment-related changes in bone density and vertebral compression fracture after SSRS, and tumor response to therapy. Validated consensus guidelines defining the imaging approach to SSRS are needed to standardize the diagnosis and treatment response assessment after SSRS. Future directions of spinal imaging, including advances in targeted tumor-specific molecular imaging markers demonstrate early promise for advancing the role of imaging in SSRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Joseph R Osborne
- 3Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Nicholas J Szerlip
- 4Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and
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44
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Wang Y, Ayres KL, Goldman DA, Dickler MN, Bardia A, Mayer IA, Winer E, Fredrickson J, Arteaga CL, Baselga J, Manning HC, Mahmood U, Ulaner GA. 18F-Fluoroestradiol PET/CT Measurement of Estrogen Receptor Suppression during a Phase I Trial of the Novel Estrogen Receptor-Targeted Therapeutic GDC-0810: Using an Imaging Biomarker to Guide Drug Dosage in Subsequent Trials. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:3053-3060. [PMID: 28011460 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-2197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Revised: 11/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Evaluate 18F-fluoroestradiol (FES) PET/CT as a biomarker of estrogen receptor (ER) occupancy and/or downregulation during phase I dose escalation of the novel ER targeting therapeutic GDC-0810 and help select drug dosage for subsequent clinical trials.Experimental Design: In a phase I clinical trial of GDC-0810, patients with ER-positive metastatic breast cancer underwent FES PET/CT before beginning therapy and at cycle 2, day 3 of GDC-0810 therapy. Up to five target lesions were selected per patient, and FES standardized uptake value (SUV) corrected for background was recorded for each lesion pretherapy and on-therapy. Complete ER downregulation was defined as ≥90% decrease in FES SUV. The effect of prior tamoxifen and fulvestrant therapy on FES SUV was assessed.Results: Of 30 patients who underwent paired FES-PET scans, 24 (80%) achieved ≥90% decrease in FES avidity, including 1 of 3 patients receiving 200 mg/day, 2 of 4 patients receiving 400 mg/day, 14 of 16 patients receiving 600 mg/day, and 7 of 7 patients receiving 800 mg/day. Withdrawal of tamoxifen 2 months prior to FES PET/CT and withdrawal of fulvestrant 6 months prior to FES PET/CT both appeared sufficient to prevent effects on FES SUV. A dosage of 600 mg GDC-0810 per day was selected for phase II in part due to decreases in FES SUV achieved in phase I.Conclusions: FES PET/CT was a useful biomarker of ER occupancy and/or downregulation in a phase I dose escalation trial of GDC-0810 and helped select the dosage of the ER antagonist/degrader for phase II trials. Clin Cancer Res; 23(12); 3053-60. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Karen L Ayres
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Maura N Dickler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Aditya Bardia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Ingrid A Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eric Winer
- Department of Medicine, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Carlos L Arteaga
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - José Baselga
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Henry C Manning
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Umar Mahmood
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.
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45
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Sadeghipour N, Davis SC, Tichauer KM. Generalized paired-agent kinetic model for in vivo quantification of cancer cell-surface receptors under receptor saturation conditions. Phys Med Biol 2016; 62:394-414. [PMID: 27997381 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/62/2/394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
New precision medicine drugs oftentimes act through binding to specific cell-surface cancer receptors, and thus their efficacy is highly dependent on the availability of those receptors and the receptor concentration per cell. Paired-agent molecular imaging can provide quantitative information on receptor status in vivo, especially in tumor tissue; however, to date, published approaches to paired-agent quantitative imaging require that only 'trace' levels of imaging agent exist compared to receptor concentration. This strict requirement may limit applicability, particularly in drug binding studies, which seek to report on a biological effect in response to saturating receptors with a drug moiety. To extend the regime over which paired-agent imaging may be used, this work presents a generalized simplified reference tissue model (GSRTM) for paired-agent imaging developed to approximate receptor concentration in both non-receptor-saturated and receptor-saturated conditions. Extensive simulation studies show that tumor receptor concentration estimates recovered using the GSRTM are more accurate in receptor-saturation conditions than the standard simple reference tissue model (SRTM) (% error (mean ± sd): GSRTM 0 ± 1 and SRTM 50 ± 1) and match the SRTM accuracy in non-saturated conditions (% error (mean ± sd): GSRTM 5 ± 5 and SRTM 0 ± 5). To further test the approach, GSRTM-estimated receptor concentration was compared to SRTM-estimated values extracted from tumor xenograft in vivo mouse model data. The GSRTM estimates were observed to deviate from the SRTM in tumors with low receptor saturation (which are likely in a saturated regime). Finally, a general 'rule-of-thumb' algorithm is presented to estimate the expected level of receptor saturation that would be achieved in a given tissue provided dose and pharmacokinetic information about the drug or imaging agent being used, and physiological information about the tissue. These studies suggest that the GSRTM is necessary when receptor saturation exceeds 20% and highlight the potential for GSRTM to accurately measure receptor concentrations under saturation conditions, such as might be required during high dose drug studies, or for imaging applications where high concentrations of imaging agent are required to optimize signal-to-noise conditions. This model can also be applied to PET and SPECT imaging studies that tend to suffer from noisier data, but require one less parameter to fit if images are converted to imaging agent concentration (quantitative PET/SPECT).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sadeghipour
- Biomedical Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL 60616, USA
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Ulaner GA, Goldman DA, Corben A, Lyashchenko SK, Gönen M, Lewis JS, Dickler M. Prospective Clinical Trial of 18F-Fluciclovine PET/CT for Determining the Response to Neoadjuvant Therapy in Invasive Ductal and Invasive Lobular Breast Cancers. J Nucl Med 2016; 58:1037-1042. [PMID: 27856630 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.116.183335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
18F-labeled 1-amino-3-fluorocyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid (18F-fluciclovine) is a leucine analog radiotracer that depicts amino acid transport into cells. 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT visualizes malignancy, including prostate cancer, invasive ductal breast cancer, and invasive lobular breast cancer. Whether changes in 18F-fluciclovine avidity reflect changes in tumor burden resulting from treatment has not been shown. In this prospective clinical trial (clinical trials.gov: NCT01864083), changes in 18F-fluciclovine avidity after neoadjuvant therapy were compared to breast cancer therapy response, as determined by residual tumor burden on pathology, were evaluated. Methods: Twenty-four women with a new diagnosis of locally advanced invasive ductal breast cancer (n = 18) or invasive lobular breast cancer (n = 6) underwent 18F-fluciclovine PET/CT before and after the completion of neoadjuvant systemic therapy. SUVmax, SUVmean, metabolic tumor volume, and total lesion avidity were obtained for the primary breast tumor, axillary lymph nodes, and extraaxillary lymph nodes on each examination and corrected for background 18F-fluciclovine avidity. The relationship between changes in 18F-fluciclovine avidity and the percentage of reduction of tumor on pathology was assessed with the Spearman rank correlation. Results: The median decrease in the corrected SUVmax of the primary breast lesions was 99% (range, 33%-100%). The median reduction of tumor on pathology was 92% (range, 10%-100%). Changes in 18F-fluciclovine avidity were strongly correlated with the percentage of reduction of tumor on pathology (Spearman ρ, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.56-0.90; P < 0.001). Conclusion: Changes in 18F-fluciclovine avidity strongly correlated with the tumor response on pathology in this pilot study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Ulaner
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York .,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Debra A Goldman
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adriana Corben
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Serge K Lyashchenko
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Mithat Gönen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jason S Lewis
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York.,Radiochemistry and Molecular Imaging Probes Core Facility, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York.,Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York; and
| | - Maura Dickler
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
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Song JL, Chen C, Yuan JP, Sun SR. Progress in the clinical detection of heterogeneity in breast cancer. Cancer Med 2016; 5:3475-3488. [PMID: 27774765 PMCID: PMC5224851 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Revised: 09/22/2016] [Accepted: 09/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is currently the most common form of cancer and the second‐leading cause of death from cancer in women. Though considerable progress has been made in the treatment of breast cancer, the heterogeneity of tumors (both inter‐ and intratumor) remains a considerable diagnostic and prognostic challenge. From clinical observation to genetic mutations, the history of understanding the heterogeneity of breast cancer is lengthy and detailed. Effectively detecting heterogeneity in breast cancer is important during treatment. Various methods of depicting this heterogeneity are now available and include genetic, pathologic, and imaging analysis. These methods allow characterization of the heterogeneity of breast cancer on a genetic level, providing greater insight during the process of establishing an effective therapeutic plan. This study reviews how the understanding of tumor heterogeneity in breast cancer evolved, and further summarizes recent advances in the detection and monitoring of this heterogeneity in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Long Song
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Chuang Chen
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Jing-Ping Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
| | - Sheng-Rong Sun
- Department of Breast and Thyroid Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430060, China
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Abstract
Precision medicine, basing treatment approaches on patient traits and specific molecular features of disease processes, has an important role in the management of patients with breast cancer as targeted therapies continue to improve. PET imaging offers noninvasive information that is complementary to traditional tissue biomarkers, including information about tumor burden, tumor metabolism, receptor status, and proliferation. Several PET agents that image breast cancer receptors can visually demonstrate the extent and heterogeneity of receptor-positive disease and help predict which tumors are likely to respond to targeted treatments. This review presents applications of PET imaging in the targeted treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy V Chudgar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David A Mankoff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, University of Pennsylvania, Donner 116, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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Czernin J, Mankoff D. Introduction and Overview. J Nucl Med 2016; 57 Suppl 1:1S-2S. [PMID: 26834097 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.157818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Czernin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California; and
| | - David Mankoff
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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