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Zhang J, Lin Y, Gao J, Pan Y, Hou G, Guo C, Gao F. Development and biological evaluation of 68Ga-labeled peptides for potential application in HER2-positive colorectal cancer. Bioorg Chem 2024; 151:107645. [PMID: 39059074 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is among the most lethal and prevalent malignancies in the world. Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a promising target for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC. In this study, we aimed to design, synthesize and label peptide-based positron emission tomography (PET) tracers targeting HER2-positive CRC, namely [68Ga]Ga-ES-01 and [68Ga]Ga-ES-02. The results show that [68Ga]Ga-ES-01 and [68Ga]Ga-ES-02 possessed hydrophilicity, rapid pharmacokinetic properties and excellent stabilities. [68Ga]Ga-ES-02 demonstrated higher binding affinity (Kd = 24.29 ± 4.95 nM) toward the HER2 in CRC. In HER2-positive HT-29 CRC xenograft mouse model, PET study showed specific tumor uptake after injection of [68Ga]Ga-ES-02 (SUV15min max = 0.87 ± 0.03; SUV30min max = 0.64 ± 0.02). In biodistribution study, the T/M ratios of 68Ga-ES-02 at 30 min after injection reached a maximum of 4.07 ± 0.34. In summary, we successfully synthesized and evaluated two novel peptide-based PET tracers. Our data demonstrate that [68Ga]Ga-ES-01/02 is capable of HER2-positive colorectal cancer, with [68Ga]Ga-ES-02 showing superior imaging effect, enhanced targeting, and increased specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinglin Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yixiang Lin
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Jingyue Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yuan Pan
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guihua Hou
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Chun Guo
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
| | - Feng Gao
- Key Laboratory for Experimental Teratology of the Ministry of Education and Center for Experimental Nuclear Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.
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Liu X, Song Y, Cheng P, Liang B, Xing D. Targeting HER2 in solid tumors: Unveiling the structure and novel epitopes. Cancer Treat Rev 2024; 130:102826. [PMID: 39270365 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctrv.2024.102826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 09/02/2024] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) is overexpressed in various solid tumor types, acting as an established therapeutic target. Over the last three decades, the fast-paced development of diverse HER2-targeted agents, notably marked by the introduction of the antibody-drug conjugate (ADC), yielding substantial improvements in survival rates. However, resistance to anti-HER2 treatments continues to pose formidable challenges. The complex structure and dynamic dimerization properties of HER2 create significant hurdles in the development of novel targeted therapeutics. In this review, we synthesize the latest insights into the structural intricacies of HER2 and present an unprecedented overview of the epitope characteristics of HER2-targeted antibodies and their derivatives. Furthermore, we delve into the correlation between anti-HER2 antibody binding epitopes and their respective functions, with a particular focus on their efficacy against resistant tumors. In addition, we highlight the potential of emerging anti-HER2 agents that target specific sites or non-overlapping epitopes, poised to transform the therapeutic landscape for HER2-positive tumors in the foreseeable future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinlin Liu
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yunlong Song
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Panpan Cheng
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao Institute of Preventive Medicine, Qingdao 266033, China
| | - Bing Liang
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Dongming Xing
- The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China; Qingdao Cancer Institute, Qingdao 266071, China; School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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3
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Zeven K, Lauwers Y, De Mey L, Debacker JM, De Pauw T, De Groof TWM, Devoogdt N. Advancements in nuclear imaging using radiolabeled nanobody tracers to support cancer immunotherapy. IMMUNOTHERAPY ADVANCES 2024; 4:ltae006. [PMID: 39281708 PMCID: PMC11402390 DOI: 10.1093/immadv/ltae006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/18/2024] Open
Abstract
The evolving landscape of cancer immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment. However, the dynamic tumor microenvironment has led to variable clinical outcomes, indicating a need for predictive biomarkers. Noninvasive nuclear imaging, using radiolabeled modalities, has aided in patient selection and monitoring of their treatment response. This approach holds promise for improving diagnostic accuracy, providing a more personalized treatment regimen, and enhancing the clinical response. Nanobodies or single-domain antibodies, derived from camelid heavy-chain antibodies, allow early timepoint detection of targets with high target-to-background ratios. To date, a plethora of nanobodies have been developed for nuclear imaging of tumor-specific antigens, immune checkpoints, and immune cells, both at a preclinical and clinical level. This review comprehensively outlines the recent advancements in nanobody-based nuclear imaging, both on preclinical and clinical levels. Additionally, the impact and expected future advancements on the use of nanobody-based radiopharmaceuticals in supporting cancer diagnosis and treatment follow-up are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katty Zeven
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Yoline Lauwers
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lynn De Mey
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jens M Debacker
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
- Nuclear Medicine Department, UZ Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tessa De Pauw
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Timo W M De Groof
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nick Devoogdt
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy Research Group, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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4
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Zhang Y, Chen Z, Wang X, Yan R, Bao H, Chu X, Guo L, Wang X, Li Y, Mu Y, He Q, Zhang L, Zhang C, Zhou D, Ji D. Site-specific tethering nanobodies on recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors for retargeted gene therapy. Acta Biomater 2024:S1742-7061(24)00390-8. [PMID: 39025389 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2024.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Recombinant adeno-associated viruses (rAAVs) have been extensively studied for decades as carriers for delivering therapeutic genes. However, designing rAAV vectors with selective tropism for specific cell types and tissues has remained challenging. Here, we introduce a strategy for redirecting rAAV by attaching nanobodies with desired tropism at specific sites, effectively replacing the original tropism. To demonstrate this concept, we initially modified the genetic code of rAAV2 to introduce an azido-containing unnatural amino acid at a precise site within the capsid protein. Following a screening process, we identified a critical site (N587+1) where the introduction of unnatural amino acid eliminated the natural tropism of rAAV2. Subsequently, we successfully redirected rAAV2 by conjugating various nanobodies at the N587+1 site, using click and SpyTag-Spycatcher chemistries to form nanobody-AAV conjugates (NACs). By investigating the relationship between NACs quantity and effect and optimizing the linker between rAAV2 and the nanobody using a cathepsin B-susceptible valine-citrulline (VC) dipeptide, we significantly improved gene delivery efficiency both in vitro and in vivo. This enhancement can be attributed to the facilitated endosomal escape of rAAV2. Our method offers an exciting avenue for the rational modification of rAAV2 as a retargeting vehicle, providing a convenient platform for precisely engineering various rAAV2 vectors for both basic research and therapeutic applications. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: AAVs hold great promise in the treatment of genetic diseases, but their clinical use has been limited by off-target transduction and efficiency. Here, we report a strategy to construct NACs by conjugating a nanobody or scFv to an rAAV capsid site, specifically via biorthogonal click chemistry and a spy-spycatcher reaction. We explored the structure-effect and quantity-effect relationships of NACs and then optimized the transduction efficiency by introducing a valine-citrulline peptide linker. This approach provides a biocompatible method for rational modification of rAAV as a retargeting platform without structural disruption of the virus or alteration of the binding capacity of the nanobody, with potential utility across a broad spectrum of applications in targeted imaging and gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjie Zhang
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicines, Ningbo, China.
| | - Zhiqian Chen
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicines, Ningbo, China.
| | - Rongding Yan
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Han Bao
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xindang Chu
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Lingfeng Guo
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Xinchen Wang
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Yuanhao Li
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicines, Ningbo, China.
| | - Yu Mu
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Gaoke International Innovation Center, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Qiuchen He
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicines, Ningbo, China.
| | - Lihe Zhang
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Chuanling Zhang
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Demin Zhou
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Gaoke International Innovation Center, Shenzhen, China; Peking University Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicines, Ningbo, China.
| | - Dezhong Ji
- Peking University-Yunnan Baiiyao International Medical Research Center, ChemicalBiology Center, State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking University Ningbo Institute of Marine Medicines, Ningbo, China.
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Tian R, Kong J, He Y, Xu G, Chen T, Han J. Radiosynthesis and preclinical evaluations of [ 18F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 as a novel molecular probe for HER2 tumor imaging. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF NUCLEAR MEDICINE AND MOLECULAR IMAGING 2024; 14:175-181. [PMID: 39027646 PMCID: PMC11253080 DOI: 10.62347/bvpk1360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
HER2 overexpression is associated with various tumor types and prompted the development of targeted therapies. Previously, iso-[211At]SGMAB-5F7 was developed as a HER2-targeted alpha therapy agent, demonstrating promising therapeutic efficacy in the preclinical stage. Aiming for an 18F-labeled tracer for companion diagnostics in clinical translation, we employed the Al18F-RESCA strategy in our current work and investigated whether [18F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 could visualize HER2 expression in vivo. [18F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 was attained with high radiochemical purity (> 99%) and molar activity in the range of 16.5 ± 8.8 GBq/μmol (n = 8). Compared to previously reported radiotracers that contained 5F7 as the HER2-targeting carrier and fluorine-18 as the positron-emitting isotope, the radiosynthesis was simplified to one single step within 30 min. The dissociation constant of [18F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 was determined as 3.3 nM via saturation binding assay using SKOV3 ovarian carcinoma cells. Tumor uptake of the novel tracer in Balb/c nude mice bearing SKOV3 xenografts was 4.69 ± 1.51, 3.34 ± 0.82 and 3.77 ± 0.99 %ID/g at 1, 2, and 4 h post-injection. Even though high retention of radioactivity was seen in the kidneys, micro-PET/CT imaging of [18F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 delineated the tumor up to 4 h post-injection with minimal activity in the gallbladder, intestines, and bone. This study suggests that [18F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 is a promising HER2 PET radiotracer with an eased radiolabeling method. Whether [18F]AlF-RESCA-5F7 could work as a companion diagnostic agent to assist in patient stratification and treatment monitoring of iso-[211At]SGMAB-5F7 warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruhua Tian
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Jinping Kong
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Yingfang He
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan UniversityNo. 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guoqiang Xu
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Tengxiang Chen
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
| | - Junbin Han
- Department of Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical UniversityGuiyang 550009, Guizhou, China
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan UniversityNo. 2094 Xietu Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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6
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Zhao L, Xing Y, Liu C, Ma S, Huang W, Cheng Z, Zhao J. Detection of HER2 expression using 99mTc-NM-02 nanobody in patients with breast cancer: a non-randomized, non-blinded clinical trial. Breast Cancer Res 2024; 26:40. [PMID: 38459598 PMCID: PMC10924314 DOI: 10.1186/s13058-024-01803-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 99mTc radiolabeled nanobody NM-02 (99mTc-NM-02) is a novel single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) probe with a high affinity and specificity for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). In this study, a clinical imaging trial was conducted to investigate the relationship between 99mTc-NM-02 uptake and HER2 expression in patients with breast cancer. METHODS Thirty patients with pathologically confirmed breast cancer were recruited and imaged with both 99mTc-NM-02 SPECT/computed tomography (CT) and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT. According to the treatment conditions before recruitment, patients were divided into two groups, the newly diagnosed group (n = 24) and the treated group (n = 6). The maximal standard uptake value (SUVmax) of 18F-FDG and SUVmax and mean SUV (SUVmean) of 99mTc-NM-02 in the lesions were determined to analyze the relationship with HER2 expression. RESULTS No meaningful relationship was observed between 18F-FDG uptake and HER2 expression in 30 patients with breast cancer. 99mTc-NM-02 uptake was positively correlated with HER2 expression in the newly diagnosed group, but no correlation was observed in the treated group. 99mTc-NM-02 uptake in HER2-positive lesions was lower in those with effective HER2-targeted therapy compared with the newly diagnosed group. 99mTc-NM-02 SPECT/CT detected brain and bone metastases of breast cancer with a different imaging pattern from 18F-FDG PET/CT. 99mTc-NM-02 showed no non-specific uptake in inflamed tissues and revealed intra- and intertumoral HER2 heterogeneity by SPECT/CT imaging in 9 of the 30 patients with breast cancer. CONCLUSIONS 99mTc-NM-02 SPECT/CT has the potential for visualizing whole-body HER2 overexpression in untreated patients, making it a promising method for HER2 assessment in patients with breast cancer. TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT04674722, Date of registration: December 19, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Changcun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Shaofei Ma
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Nanomab Technology Limited, No. 333, North Chengdu Road, Jingan District, Shanghai, 200041, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 555, Zuchongzhi Road, Pudong New District, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, No. 198, Binhai East Road, High-Tech District, Yantai, 264000, Shandong, China.
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100, Haining Road, Hongkou District, Shanghai, 200080, China.
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Steffann M, Bluet G, Roy S, Aubert C, Fouquet E, Hermange P. 18 F-Fluorination of a supported 2-(aryl-di-tert-butylsilyl)-N-methyl-imidazole for indirect 18 F-labeling of a V H H single-variable domain. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2024; 67:104-110. [PMID: 38224624 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.4082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024]
Abstract
Anchoring an imidazole-di-tert-butyl-arylsilane possessing an azido group to a polystyrene resin provided a heterogeneous precursor that was radiolabeled easily using aqueous [18 F]fluoride. After optimizing the conditions (i.e., using DMSO as solvent and heating at 160°C for 15 min), the desired [18 F]fluorosilane was obtained in 24% radiochemical yield (RCY) and 78% radiochemical purity (RCP) using solid-phase extraction as sole purification. Then, this compound was conjugated by strain-promoted alkyne-azide cycloaddition to a model single-variable domain possessing a cyclooctyne tag, yielding to the desired 18 F-labeled bioconjugate in 2% RCY and >95% RCP after purification by a size exclusion chromatography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Steffann
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence Cedex, France
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Guillaume Bluet
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Sébastien Roy
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Catherine Aubert
- Sanofi, Integrated Drug Discovery (IDD) Isotope Chemistry (IC), Vitry-sur-Seine, France
| | - Eric Fouquet
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence Cedex, France
| | - Philippe Hermange
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires (ISM), UMR 5255, Univ. Bordeaux, CNRS, Bordeaux INP, Talence Cedex, France
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8
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Ducharme M, Mansur A, Sligh L, Ulaner GA, Lapi SE, Sorace AG. Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2/Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 3 PET Imaging: Challenges and Opportunities. PET Clin 2023; 18:543-555. [PMID: 37339919 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and HER3 provide actionable targets for both therapy and imaging in breast cancer. Further, clinical trials have shown the prognostic impact of receptor status discordance in breast cancer. Intra- and intertumoral heterogeneity of both HER and hormone receptor expression contributes to inherent errors in tissue sampling, and single biopsies are incapable of identifying discordance in biomarker expression. Numerous PET radiopharmaceuticals have been developed to evaluate (or target for therapy) HER2 and HER3 expression. This review seeks to inform on challenges and opportunities in HER2 and HER3 PET imaging in both clinical and preclinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell Ducharme
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Ameer Mansur
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Luke Sligh
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Gary A Ulaner
- Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Hoag Family Cancer Institute, Irvine, CA, USA; Department of Radiology and Translational Genomics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Anna G Sorace
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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9
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Nakashima K, Watanabe H, Ono M. Development of Novel Trifunctional Chelating Agents That Enhance Tumor Retention of Radioimmunoconjugates. J Med Chem 2023; 66:12812-12827. [PMID: 37721492 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
Chelator-containing radioimmunoconjugates (RICs) composed of monoclonal antibodies, chelators, and radiometals exhibit broad potential for cancer diagnosis or therapy. In this study, we developed novel trifunctional chelating agents that enhance the tumor retention of RICs, MDPEI2, and MDPEI4, which contain the metal chelator DOTA, a maleimide moiety, and diethylenetriamine (PEI2) or tetraethylenepentamine (PEI4), respectively, as a poly(ethylenimine) (PEI) scaffold for the addition of positive charges to the radiometabolites of RICs to reduce their release from tumor cells. Trastuzumab radiolabeled by [111In]In-MDPEI2 ([111In]In-TMDPEI2) or [111In]In-MDPEI4 ([111In]In-TMDPEI4) showed high immunoreactivity and lower rates of exportations of their radiometabolites from tumor cells than RICs without PEI scaffolds. The tumor uptake of [111In]In-TMDPEI2 and [111In]In-TMDPEI4 was enhanced compared with RICs without PEI scaffolds, and [111In]In-TMDPEI2 exhibited the highest tumor/blood ratio. These results indicate the utility of MDPEI2 to synthesize RICs with favorable tumor-targeting properties in vivo by controlling the radioactivity distribution in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuma Nakashima
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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10
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Li S, Hoefnagel SJM, Krishnadath KK. Single domain Camelid antibody fragments for molecular imaging and therapy of cancer. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1257175. [PMID: 37746282 PMCID: PMC10514897 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1257175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite innovations in cancer therapeutics, cancer remains associated with high mortality and is one of biggest health challenges worldwide. Therefore, developing precise cancer imaging and effective treatments is an unmet clinical need. A relatively novel type of therapeutics are heavy chain variable domain antibody fragments (VHHs) derived from llamas. Here, we explored the suitability of VHHs for cancer imaging and therapy through reviewing the existing literature. We searched the MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases and identified 32 papers on molecular imaging and 41 papers on therapy that were suitable for comprehensive reviewing. We found that VHHs harbor a higher specificity and affinity compared to mAbs, which contributes to high-quality imaging and less side-effects on healthy cells. The employment of VHHs in cancer imaging showed remarkably shorter times between administration and imaging. Studies showed that 18F and 99mTc are two optimal radionuclides for imaging with VHHs and that site-specific labelling is the optimal conjugation modality for VHHs with radionuclide or fluorescent molecules. We found different solutions for reducing kidney retention and immunogenicity of VHHs. VHHs as anticancer therapeutics have been tested in photodynamic therapy, targeted radionuclide therapy, immunotherapy and molecular targeted therapy. These studies showed that VHHs target unique antigen epitopes, which are distinct from the ones recognized by mAbs. This advantage means that VHHs may be more effective for targeted anticancer therapy and can be combined with mAbs. We found that high cellular internalization and specificity of VHHs contributes to the effectiveness and safety of VHHs as anticancer therapeutics. Two clinical trials have confirmed that VHHs are effective and safe for cancer imaging and therapy. Together, VHHs seem to harbor several advantages compared to mAbs and show potential for application in personalized treatment for cancer patients. VHH-based imaging and therapy are promising options for improving outcomes of cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Li
- Center for Experimental and Molecular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers (UMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Kausilia Krishnawatie Krishnadath
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
- Laboratory of Experimental Medicine and Pediatrics, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
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11
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Hurley K, Cao M, Huang H, Wang Y. Targeted Alpha Therapy (TAT) with Single-Domain Antibodies (Nanobodies). Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3493. [PMID: 37444603 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The persistent threat of cancer necessitates the development of improved and more efficient therapeutic strategies that limit damage to healthy tissues. Targeted alpha therapy (TαT), a novel form of radioimmuno-therapy (RIT), utilizes a targeting vehicle, commonly antibodies, to deliver high-energy, but short-range, alpha-emitting particles specifically to cancer cells, thereby reducing toxicity to surrounding normal tissues. Although full-length antibodies are often employed as targeting vehicles for TαT, their high molecular weight and the presence of an Fc-region lead to a long blood half-life, increased bone marrow toxicity, and accumulation in other tissues such as the kidney, liver, and spleen. The discovery of single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), or nanobodies, naturally occurring in camelids and sharks, has introduced a novel antigen-specific vehicle for molecular imaging and TαT. Given that nanobodies are the smallest naturally occurring antigen-binding fragments, they exhibit shorter relative blood half-lives, enhanced tumor uptake, and equivalent or superior binding affinity and specificity. Nanobody technology could provide a viable solution for the off-target toxicity observed with full-length antibody-based TαT. Notably, the pharmacokinetic properties of nanobodies align better with the decay characteristics of many short-lived α-emitting radionuclides. This review aims to encapsulate recent advancements in the use of nanobodies as a vehicle for TαT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Hurley
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Meiyun Cao
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
| | - Haiming Huang
- Research Center, Forlong Biotechnology Inc., Suzhou 215004, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Radiobiology and Health, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories, Chalk River, ON K0J 1J0, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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12
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Rong J, Haider A, Jeppesen TE, Josephson L, Liang SH. Radiochemistry for positron emission tomography. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3257. [PMID: 37277339 PMCID: PMC10241151 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-36377-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) constitutes a functional imaging technique that is harnessed to probe biological processes in vivo. PET imaging has been used to diagnose and monitor the progression of diseases, as well as to facilitate drug development efforts at both preclinical and clinical stages. The wide applications and rapid development of PET have ultimately led to an increasing demand for new methods in radiochemistry, with the aim to expand the scope of synthons amenable for radiolabeling. In this work, we provide an overview of commonly used chemical transformations for the syntheses of PET tracers in all aspects of radiochemistry, thereby highlighting recent breakthrough discoveries and contemporary challenges in the field. We discuss the use of biologicals for PET imaging and highlight general examples of successful probe discoveries for molecular imaging with PET - with a particular focus on translational and scalable radiochemistry concepts that have been entered to clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Rong
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Troels E Jeppesen
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Lee Josephson
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Steven H Liang
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University, 1364 Clifton Rd, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital & Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02114, USA.
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13
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Cao R, Li R, Shi H, Liu H, Cheng Z. Novel HER2-Targeted Peptide for NIR-II Imaging of Tumor. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1394-1403. [PMID: 36668683 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Molecular targets serve a crucial role in drug development. Herein, we discovered a novel peptide that can specifically target the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and thus named it Herceptide. In our study, Herceptide was conjugated to the near-infrared fluorescent dye indocyanine green (ICG) to obtain a probe, ICG-Herceptide. Importantly, specific binding to HER2 was revealed by molecular docking, surface plasmon resonance analysis, and competition assays. The probe showed high binding affinity (KD = 1.03 nM) and fast binding property (kon = 0.44 min-1). In vivo near-infrared window two (NIR-II, 1000-1700 nm) imaging in HER2-overexpressed SKOV3 tumor-bearing mice demonstrated a high tumor-to-normal tissue signal ratio (T/N = 7.3) at 8 h postinjection. In the blocking study, ICG-Herceptide coinjected with Herceptide only showed a weak tumor signal. In other HER2 high-expression tumors, such as non-small-cell lung cancer A549 and gastric cancer MKN45, the tumor-to-normal tissue signal ratios (T/N) were 4.1 and 4.7, respectively. In contrast, HER2 low-expression tumor MDAMB231 shows no imaging contrast between the tumor and normal tissues. Furthermore, tumor resection was successfully performed under the guidance of the ICG-Herceptide-based NIR-II imaging in subcutaneous SKOV3 mice models. The biocompatibility study indicated that the probe had no observable toxicity to cells and tissues. Overall, these results demonstrate that ICG-Herceptide is a promising optical probe for the diagnosis and localization of HER2-overexpressing tumors. Moreover, Herceptide is a novel HER2-targeting peptide and can be further used for developing theranostic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Cao
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang110167, China
| | - Renda Li
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang110167, China
| | - Hui Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China
| | - Hongguang Liu
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Life and Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Shenyang110167, China
| | - Zhen Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Molecular Imaging Center, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai201203, China.,Shandong Laboratory of Yantai Drug Discovery, Bohai Rim Advanced Research Institute for Drug Discovery, Yantai264117, Shandong, China
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14
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Qin X, Guo X, Liu T, Li L, Zhou N, Ma X, Meng X, Liu J, Zhu H, Jia B, Yang Z. High in-vivo stability in preclinical and first-in-human experiments with [ 18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213: a 18F-labeled nanobody as PET radiotracer for diagnosis of HER2-positive cancers. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2023; 50:302-313. [PMID: 36129493 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-022-05967-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE [18F]AlF-RESCA was introduced as a core particularly useful for 18F-labeling of heat-sensitive biomolecules. However, no translational studies have been reported up to now. Herein, we reported the first-in-human evaluation of an 18F-labeled anti-HER2 nanobody MIRC213 as a PET radiotracer for imaging HER2-positive cancers. METHODS MIRC213 was produced by E. coli and conjugated with ( ±)-H3RESCA-Mal. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 was prepared at room temperature. Its radiochemical purity and stability of were determined by radio-HPLC with the size-exclusion chromatographic column. Cell uptake was performed in NCI-N87 (HER2 +) and MCF-7 (HER2-) cells and the cell-binding affinity was verified in SK-OV-3 (HER2 +) cells. Small-animal PET/CT was performed using SK-OV-3, NCI-N87, and MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice at 30 min, 1 h, and 2 h post-injection. For blocking experiment, excess MIRC213 was co-injected with radiotracer. Biodistribution were performed on SKOV-3 and MCF-7 tumor-bearing mice at 2 h post-injection. For clinical study, PET/CT images were acquired at 2 h and 4 h after injection of [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 (1.85-3.7 MBq/kg) in six breast cancer patients (3 HER2-positive and 3 HER2-negative). All patients underwent [18F]-FDG PET/CT within a week for tissue selection purpose. Distribution and dosimetry were calculated. Standardized uptake values (SUV) were measured in tumors and normal organs. RESULTS MIRC213 was produced with > 95% purity and modified with RESCA to obtain RESCA-MIRC213. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 was prepared within 20 min at room temperature with the radiochemical yield of 50.48 ± 7.6% and radiochemical purity of > 98% (n > 10), and remained stable in both PBS (88%) and 5% HSA (92%) after 6 h. The 2 h cellular uptake of [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 in NCI-N87 cells was 11.22 ± 0.60 AD%/105 cells. Its binding affinity Kd value was determined to be 1.23 ± 0.58 nM. Small-animal PET/CT with [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 can clearly differentiate SK-OV-3 and NCI-N87 tumors from MCF-7 tumors and background with a high uptake of 4.73 ± 1.18 ID%/g and substantially reduced to 1.70 ± 0.13 ID%/g for the blocking group (p < 0.05) in SK-OV-3 tumors at 2 h post-injection. No significant bone radioactivity was seen in the tumor-bearing animals. In all six breast cancer patients, there was no adverse reaction during study. The uptake of [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 was mainly in lacrimal gland, parotid gland, submandibular gland, thyroid gland, gallbladder, kidneys, liver, and intestines. There was no significant bone radioactivity accumulation in cancer patients. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 had significantly higher tumor uptake in lesions from HER2-positive patients than that lesions from HER2-negative patients (SUVmax of 3.62 ± 1.56 vs. 1.41 ± 0.41, p = 0.0012) at 2 h post-injection. The kidneys received the highest radiation dose of 2.42 × 10-1 mGy/MBq, and the effective dose was 1.56 × 10-2 mSv/MBq. CONCLUSIONS [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 could be prepared with high radiolabeling yield under mild conditions. [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 has relatively high stability both in vitro and in vivo. The results from clinical transformation suggest that [18F]AlF-RESCA-MIRC213 PET/CT is a safe procedure with favorable pharmacokinetics and dosimetry profile, and it is a promising new PET radiotracer for noninvasive diagnosis of HER2-positive cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Qin
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaoyi Guo
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Tianyu Liu
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Liqiang Li
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China
| | - Nina Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiaopan Ma
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Xiangxi Meng
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Jiayue Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Hua Zhu
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
| | - Bing Jia
- Medical Isotopes Research Center and Department of Radiation Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100191, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Guizhou University School of Medicine, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China.
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Key Laboratory for Research and Evaluation of Radiopharmaceuticals (National Medical Products Administration), Department of Nuclear Medicine, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute, Beijing, 100142, China.
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Yang H, Zhang L, Liu H, Zhang Y, Mou Z, Chen X, Li J, He F, Li Z. Simplified one-pot 18F-labeling of biomolecules with in situ generated fluorothiophosphate synthons in high molar activity. Theranostics 2023; 13:472-482. [PMID: 36632226 PMCID: PMC9830440 DOI: 10.7150/thno.79452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Conventional 18F-labeling methods that demand substrate pre-modification or lengthy radiosynthesis procedures have impeded the visualization and translation of numerous biomolecules, as biomarkers or ligands, using modern positron emission tomography techniques in vivo. Moreover, 18F-labeled biomolecules in high molar activity (Am) that are indispensable for sensitive imaging could be only achieved under strict labeling conditions. Methods: Herein, 18F-labeled fluorothiophosphate (FTP) synthons in high Am have been generated rapidly in situ in reaction solutions with < 5% water via nucleophilic substitution by wet [18F]F-, which required minimal processing from cyclotron target water. Results: Various 18F-labeled FTP synthons have been prepared in 30 sec at room temperature with high radiochemical yields > 75% (isolated, non-decay-corrected). FTP synthons with unsaturated hydrocarbon or activated ester group can conjugate with typical small molecules, peptides, proteins, and metallic nanoparticles. 337-517 GBq μmol-1 Am has been achieved for 18F-labeled c(RGDyK) peptide using an automatic module with 37-74 GBq initial activity. Conclusion: The combination of high 18F-fluorination efficiency of FTP synthons and following mild conjugation condition provides a universal simplified one-pot 18F-labeling method for broad unmodified biomolecular substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongzhang Yang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Tianjin Engineering Technology Center of Chemical Wastewater Source Reduction and Recycling, School of Science, Tianjin Chengjian University, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Huanhuan Liu
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Yunming Zhang
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zhaobiao Mou
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Xueyuan Chen
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Jingchao Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Fengming He
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China
| | - Zijing Li
- Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Public Heath, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361102, China.,✉ Corresponding author: Zijing Li Ph.D.,
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16
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Mulero F. ImmunoPET in oncology. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022; 41:332-339. [PMID: 35961857 DOI: 10.1016/j.remnie.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Due to increase of immunotherapy in oncology, it is essential to have a biological characterization of tumors. Knowing which antigens are expressed both on the surface of the tumor cell and at tumor microenvironment in order to predict the tretment response different therapeutic antibodies, has become a need. ImmunoPET is a non-invasive diagnostic imaging tool that combines the high specificity of antibodies against antigens with the high sensitivity, resolution and quantification capacity of PET imaging. With ImmunoPET we obtain a virtual biopsy of tumors, it has a big present and future in preclinical-clinical research, being already a reality in predicting and monitoring the response to treatments with monoclonal antibodies, allowing a selection of patients and therapies reaching a personalized medicine contributing to improve clinical decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Mulero
- Unidad de Imagen Molecular, Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid, Spain.
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17
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InmunoPET en oncología. Rev Esp Med Nucl Imagen Mol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.remn.2022.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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18
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Charles WZ, Faries CR, Street YT, Flowers LS, McNaughton B. Antibody‐Recruitment as a Therapeutic Strategy: A Brief History and Recent Advances. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200092. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Brian McNaughton
- Delaware State University Delaware Institute for Science and Technology 1200 N Dupont Hwy 19901 Dover UNITED STATES
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Shoari A, Tahmasebi M, Khodabakhsh F, Cohan RA, Oghalaie A, Behdani M. Angiogenic biomolecules specific nanobodies application in cancer imaging and therapy; review and updates. Int Immunopharmacol 2022; 105:108585. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.108585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Yang E, Liu Q, Huang G, Liu J, Wei W. Engineering nanobodies for next-generation molecular imaging. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:1622-1638. [PMID: 35331925 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, nanobodies have emerged as ideal imaging agents for molecular imaging. Molecular nanobody imaging combines the specificity of nanobodies with the sensitivity of state-of-the-art molecular imaging modalities, such as positron emission tomography (PET). Given that modifications of nanobodies alter their pharmacokinetics (PK), the engineering strategies that combine nanobodies with radionuclides determine the effectiveness, reliability, and safety of the molecular imaging probes. In this review, we introduce conjugation strategies that have been applied to nanobodies, including random conjugation, 99mTc tricarbonyl chemistry, sortase A-mediated site-specific conjugation, maleimide-cysteine chemistry, and click chemistries. We also summarize the latest advances in nanobody tracers, emphasizing their preclinical and clinical use. In addition, we elaborate on nanobody-based near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) imaging and image-guided surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erpeng Yang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Qiufang Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China.
| | - Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Institute of Clinical Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200217, China.
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Barakat S, Berksöz M, Zahedimaram P, Piepoli S, Erman B. Nanobodies as molecular imaging probes. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 182:260-275. [PMID: 35240292 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Camelidae derived single-domain antibodies (sdAbs), commonly known as nanobodies (Nbs), are the smallest antibody fragments with full antigen-binding capacity. Owing to their desirable properties such as small size, high specificity, strong affinity, excellent stability, and modularity, nanobodies are on their way to overtake conventional antibodies in terms of popularity. To date, a broad range of nanobodies have been generated against different molecular targets with applications spanning basic research, diagnostics, and therapeutics. In the field of molecular imaging, nanobody-based probes have emerged as a powerful tool. Radioactive or fluorescently labeled nanobodies are now used to detect and track many targets in different biological systems using imaging techniques. In this review, we provide an overview of the use of nanobodies as molecular probes. Additionally, we discuss current techniques for the generation, conjugation, and intracellular delivery of nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Barakat
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Melike Berksöz
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Pegah Zahedimaram
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, 34956, Tuzla, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sofia Piepoli
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Batu Erman
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Bogazici University, 34342, Bebek, Istanbul, Turkey.
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22
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Cytoplasmic Production of Nanobodies and Nanobody-Based Reagents by Co-Expression of Sulfhydryl Oxidase and DsbC Isomerase. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2022; 2446:145-157. [PMID: 35157272 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2075-5_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Nanobodies are stable molecules that can often fold correctly even in the absence of the disulfide bond(s) that stabilize their three-dimensional conformation. Nevertheless, some nanobodies require the formation of disulfide bonds, and therefore they are commonly expressed from vectors that promote their secretion into the oxidizing environment of the Escherichia coli periplasm. As an alternative, the bacterial cytoplasm can be an effective compartment for producing correctly folded nanobodies when sulfhydryl oxidase and disulfide-bond isomerase activities are co-expressed from a recombinant vector. The larger volume and wider chaperone/foldase availability of the cytoplasm enable the achievement of high yields of both nanobodies and nanobody-tag fusions, independently of their redox requirements. Among other examples, the protocol described here was used to successfully produce nanobody fusions with fluorescent proteins that do not fold correctly in the periplasm, nanobodies with Fc domains, and nanobodies containing free cysteine tags.
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Yilmaz Z, Jedlitzke B, Mootz HD. Design and Preparation of Photobodies: Light-Activated Single-Domain Antibody Fragments. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2446:409-424. [PMID: 35157286 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2075-5_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Nanobodies are single-domain antibody fragments that have found widespread use in basic research, therapy, and diagnostics. Like other antibody formats, nanobodies can be developed with high affinity and specificity for desired antigens. A photobody is a light-activatable nanobody, obtained by incorporating a photo-labile caging group into the paratope region. The caging group prevents antigen binding until removed with light (365 nm), thereby rendering the binding controllable with high temporal and spatial resolution. Thus far photocaged tyrosine residues have been used for this purpose, as tyrosine is a frequent residue at critical positions of nanobody paratopes. Nanobodies without a tyrosine residue at the antigen-binding interface may require a different strategy. In this chapter, we describe methods to design and prepare photobodies by recombinant expression in Escherichia coli in combination with genetic code expansion technology to incorporate ortho-nitrobenzyl-tyrosine residues. We use the conversion of the anti-green fluorescent protein enhancer nanobody into a photobody as an example. These protocols should be applicable to many other nanobodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahide Yilmaz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Benedikt Jedlitzke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Henning D Mootz
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany.
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Zhou Z, Meshaw R, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Site-Specific and Residualizing Linker for 18F Labeling with Enhanced Renal Clearance: Application to an Anti-HER2 Single-Domain Antibody Fragment. J Nucl Med 2021; 62:1624-1630. [PMID: 33637584 PMCID: PMC8612331 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.261446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) are promising vectors for immuno-PET; however, better methods for labeling sdAbs with 18F are needed. Herein, we evaluate a site-specific strategy using an 18F residualizing motif and the anti-epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) sdAb 5F7 bearing an engineered C-terminal GGC tail (5F7GGC). Methods: 5F7GGC was site-specifically attached with a tetrazine-bearing agent via thiol-maleimide reaction. The resultant conjugate was labeled with 18F by inverse electron demand Diels-Alder cycloaddition with a trans-cyclooctene attached to 6-18F-fluoronicotinoyl moiety via a renal brush border enzyme-cleavable linker and a PEG4 chain (18F-5F7GGC). For comparisons, 5F7 sdAb was labeled using the prototypical residualizing agent, N-succinimidyl 3-(guanidinomethyl)-5-125I-iodobenzoate (iso-125I-SGMIB). The 2 labeled sdAbs were compared in paired-label studies performed in the HER2-expressing BT474M1 breast carcinoma cell line and athymic mice bearing BT474M1 subcutaneous xenografts. Small-animal PET/CT imaging after administration of 18F-5F7GGC in the above mouse model was also performed. Results:18F-5F7GGC was synthesized in an overall radiochemical yield of 8.9% ± 3.2% with retention of HER2 binding affinity and immunoreactivity. The total cell-associated and intracellular activity for 18F-5F7GGC was similar to that for coincubated iso-125I-SGMIB-5F7. Likewise, the uptake of 18F-5F7GGC in BT474M1 xenografts in mice was similar to that for iso-125I-SGMIB-5F7; however, 18F-5F7GGC exhibited significantly more rapid clearance from the kidney. Small-animal PET/CT imaging confirmed high uptake and retention in the tumor with very little background activity at 3 h except in the bladder. Conclusion: This site-specific and residualizing 18F-labeling strategy could facilitate clinical translation of 5F7 anti-HER2 sdAb as well as other sdAbs for immuno-PET.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Rebecca Meshaw
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina
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Hrynchak I, Santos L, Falcão A, Gomes CM, Abrunhosa AJ. Nanobody-Based Theranostic Agents for HER2-Positive Breast Cancer: Radiolabeling Strategies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910745. [PMID: 34639086 PMCID: PMC8509594 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The overexpression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) in breast cancer (BC) has been associated with a more aggressive tumor subtype, poorer prognosis and shorter overall survival. In this context, the development of HER2-targeted radiotracers is crucial to provide a non-invasive assessment of HER2 expression to select patients for HER2-targeted therapies, monitor response and identify those who become resistant. Antibodies represent ideal candidates for this purpose, as they provide high contrast images for diagnosis and low toxicity in the therapeutic setting. Of those, nanobodies (Nb) are of particular interest considering their favorable kinetics, crossing of relevant biological membranes and intratumoral distribution. The purpose of this review is to highlight the unique characteristics and advantages of Nb-based radiotracers in BC imaging and therapy. Additionally, radiolabeling methods for Nb including direct labeling, indirect labeling via prosthetic group and indirect labeling via complexation will be discussed, reporting advantages and drawbacks. Furthermore, the preclinical to clinical translation of radiolabeled Nbs as promising theranostic agents will be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Hrynchak
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Liliana Santos
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Célia M. Gomes
- iCBR—Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- CACC—Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J. Abrunhosa
- ICNAS-Produção Unipessoal, Lda.—University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (I.H.); (L.S.)
- CIBIT/ICNAS—Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence:
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Zhou Z, McDougald D, Meshaw R, Balyasnikova I, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Labeling single domain antibody fragments with 18F using a novel residualizing prosthetic agent - N-succinimidyl 3-(1-(2-(2-(2-(2-[ 18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-5-(guanidinomethyl)benzoate. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 100-101:24-35. [PMID: 34146837 PMCID: PMC8448961 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Labeling single domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) with 18F is an attractive strategy for immunoPET. Earlier, we developed a residualizing label, N-succinimidyl 3-((4-(4-fluorobutyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)methyl)-5-(guanidinomethyl)benzoate ([18F]RL-I), synthesized via a click reaction for labeling sdAbs with 18F, that has attractive features but suffered from modest radiochemical yields and suboptimal hydrophobicity. Herein, we have evaluated the potential utility of an analogous agent, N-succinimidyl 3-(1-(2-(2-(2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)-5-(guanidinomethyl)benzoate ([18F]SFETGMB; [18F]RL-III) designed to address these limitations. METHODS [18F]RL-III was synthesized by the click reaction between 3-((2,3-bis(tert-butoxycarbonyl)guanidino)methyl)-5-ethynylbenzoate and 1-azido-2-(2-(2-(2-[18F]fluoroethoxy)ethoxy)ethoxy)ethane and subsequent deprotection. The anti-HER2 sdAbs 5F7 and 2Rs15d were labeled by conjugation with [18F]RL-III and compared in a paired-label fashion to the sdAbs labeled using N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[125I]iodobenzoate ([125I]SGMIB) or N-succinimidyl 3-guanidinomethyl-5-[125I]iodobenzoate (iso-[125I]SGMIB). The 18F-labeled sdAbs were evaluated in vitro using HER2-expressing breast and ovarian carcinoma cells (BT474/BT474M1 and SKOV-3) and in vivo in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous SKOV-3 or BT474 xenografts. PET imaging of athymic mice bearing either subcutaneous BT474 or intracranial BT474M1Br-Fluc xenografts after administration of [18F]RL-III-5F7 also was performed. RESULTS Radiochemical yields for the synthesis of Boc2-[18F]RL-III (21.5 ± 3.4%) were significantly higher than reported for Boc2-[18F]RL-I. The overall radiochemical yields for the synthesis of [18F]RL-III-2Rs15d and [18F]RL-III-5F7 from aqueous [18F]fluoride were 1.7 ± 0.7% and 3.8 ± 2.3%, respectively. Both sdAbs, labeled using [18F]RL-III, retained affinity and immunoreactivity to HER2. Uptake and internalization of [18F]RL-III-5F7 in HER2-expressing cells was higher than that seen for [18F]RL-III-2Rs15d. Although different xenograft models were used, [18F]RL-III-2Rs15d showed relatively high uptake in a number of normal tissues, while uptake of [18F]RL-III-5F7 was mainly in tumor and kidneys with minimal background activity. Concordant with the necropsy experiments, microPET imaging with [18F]RL-III-5F7 in the BT474 subcutaneous model demonstrated clear delineation of the tumor (12.2 ± 5.1% ID/g) with minimal background activity except in kidneys. A tumor uptake (max) of 0.98%ID/g and a tumor-to-normal brain ratio of 9.8:1 were observed for [18F]RL-III-5F7 in the intracranial model. CONCLUSIONS Although higher radiochemical yields than that reported for [18F]RL-I were obtained, considerable improvements are needed for this method to be of practical utility. Despite clear tumor delineation with [18F]RL-III-5F7 as early as 1 h, high activity levels in the kidneys remain a concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Darryl McDougald
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rebecca Meshaw
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Irina Balyasnikova
- The Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Zhao L, Liu C, Xing Y, He J, O'Doherty J, Huang W, Zhao J. Development of a 99mTc-Labeled Single-Domain Antibody for SPECT/CT Assessment of HER2 Expression in Breast Cancer. Mol Pharm 2021; 18:3616-3622. [PMID: 34328338 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Accurate determination of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) expression is essential for HER2-targeted therapy in patients with cancer. HER2 expression in a complex environment, such as in a heterogeneous tumor, makes the precise assessment of the HER2 status difficult using current methods. In this study, we developed a novel 99mTc-labeled anti-HER2 single-domain antibody (99mTc-NM-02) as a molecular imaging tracer for the noninvasive detection of HER2 expression and investigated its safety, radiation dosimetry, biodistribution, and tumor-targeting potential in 10 patients with breast cancer. Our data showed that no drug-related adverse reactions occurred. The tracer mainly accumulated in the kidneys and liver with mild uptake in the spleen, intestines, and thyroid; however, only background tracer levels were observed in other organs where primary tumors and metastases typically occurred. The mean effective dose was 6.56 × 10-3 mSv/MBq, and tracer uptake was visually observed in the primary tumors and metastases. A maximal standard uptake value of 1.5 was determined as a reasonable cutoff for identifying HER2 positivity using SPECT/CT imaging. Our 99mTc-NM-02 tracer is safe for use in breast cancer imaging, with reasonable radiation doses, favorable biodistribution, and imaging characteristics. 99mTc-NM-02 SPECT imaging may be an accurate and noninvasive method to detect the HER2 status in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingzhou Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Changcun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yan Xing
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Pathology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jim O'Doherty
- Siemens Healthineers, Malvern, Pennsylvania 19355, United States
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Nanomab Technology Limited, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jinhua Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 100 Haining Road, Shanghai 200080, China
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Yan Y, Cheng X, Li L, Zhang R, Zhu Y, Wu Z, Ding K. A Novel Small Molecular Antibody, HER2-Nanobody, Inhibits Tumor Proliferation in HER2-Positive Breast Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo. Front Oncol 2021; 11:669393. [PMID: 34055637 PMCID: PMC8149955 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.669393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common malignant cancer in women worldwide, especially in developing countries. Herceptin is a monoclonal antibody with an antitumor effect in HER2-positive breast cancer. However, the large molecular weight of Herceptin limited its employment. In this study, we constructed and screened HER2-nanobody and verified its tumor-suppressive effect in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. HER2-nanobody was established, filtrated, purified, and was demonstrated to inhibit cell total number, viability, colony formation and mitosis, and promote cell apoptosis in HER2-positive breast cancer cells in vitro. Treated with HER2-nanobody, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by both intratumor injection and tail intravenous injection in vivo. The phosphorylation of ERK and AKT was restrained by HER2-nanobody in HER2-positive breast cancer cells. RAS-RAF-MAPK and PI3K-AKT-mTOR are two important pathways involved in HER2. It was credible for HER2-nanobody to play the tumor suppressive role by inhibiting the phosphorylation of ERK and AKT. Therefore, HER2-nanobody could be employed as a small molecular antibody to suppress HER2-positive breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Yan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE), Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao Cheng
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Rumeng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Yong Zhu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Zhengsheng Wu
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Keshuo Ding
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Altunay B, Morgenroth A, Beheshti M, Vogg A, Wong NCL, Ting HH, Biersack HJ, Stickeler E, Mottaghy FM. HER2-directed antibodies, affibodies and nanobodies as drug-delivery vehicles in breast cancer with a specific focus on radioimmunotherapy and radioimmunoimaging. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2021; 48:1371-1389. [PMID: 33179151 PMCID: PMC8113197 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of the present paper is to review the role of HER2 antibodies, affibodies and nanobodies as vehicles for imaging and therapy approaches in breast cancer, including a detailed look at recent clinical data from antibody drug conjugates and nanobodies as well as affibodies that are currently under development. RESULTS Clinical and preclinical studies have shown that the use of monoclonal antibodies in molecular imaging is impaired by slow blood clearance, associated with slow and low tumor uptake and with limited tumor penetration potential. Antibody fragments, such as nanobodies, on the other hand, can be radiolabelled with short-lived radioisotopes and provide high-contrast images within a few hours after injection, allowing early diagnosis and reduced radiation exposure of patients. Even in therapy, the small radioactively labeled nanobodies prove to be superior to radioactively labeled monoclonal antibodies due to their higher specificity and their ability to penetrate the tumor. CONCLUSION While monoclonal antibodies are well established drug delivery vehicles, the current literature on molecular imaging supports the notion that antibody fragments, such as affibodies or nanobodies, might be superior in this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betül Altunay
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Division of Molecular PET-Imaging and Theranostics , Paracelsus Medical University , Salzburg, 5020, Austria
| | - Andreas Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Hong Hoi Ting
- Nanomab Technology Limited, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Elmar Stickeler
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, RWTH Aachen, Aachen, Germany
| | - Felix M Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
- Center of Integrated Oncology (CIO), Universities of Aachen, Bonn, Cologne and Düsseldorf, Kerpener Str. 62, 50937, Cologne, Germany.
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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Berland L, Kim L, Abousaway O, Mines A, Mishra S, Clark L, Hofman P, Rashidian M. Nanobodies for Medical Imaging: About Ready for Prime Time? Biomolecules 2021; 11:637. [PMID: 33925941 PMCID: PMC8146371 DOI: 10.3390/biom11050637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in medical treatments have been revolutionary in shaping the management and treatment landscape of patients, notably cancer patients. Over the last decade, patients with diverse forms of locally advanced or metastatic cancer, such as melanoma, lung cancers, and many blood-borne malignancies, have seen their life expectancies increasing significantly. Notwithstanding these encouraging results, the present-day struggle with these treatments concerns patients who remain largely unresponsive, as well as those who experience severely toxic side effects. Gaining deeper insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these variable responses will bring us closer to developing more effective therapeutics. To assess these mechanisms, non-invasive imaging techniques provide valuable whole-body information with precise targeting. An example of such is immuno-PET (Positron Emission Tomography), which employs radiolabeled antibodies to detect specific molecules of interest. Nanobodies, as the smallest derived antibody fragments, boast ideal characteristics for this purpose and have thus been used extensively in preclinical models and, more recently, in clinical early-stage studies as well. Their merit stems from their high affinity and specificity towards a target, among other factors. Furthermore, their small size (~14 kDa) allows them to easily disperse through the bloodstream and reach tissues in a reliable and uniform manner. In this review, we will discuss the powerful imaging potential of nanobodies, primarily through the lens of imaging malignant tumors but also touching upon their capability to image a broader variety of nonmalignant diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Léa Berland
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06100 Nice, France;
| | - Lauren Kim
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Omar Abousaway
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Andrea Mines
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Shruti Mishra
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Louise Clark
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
| | - Paul Hofman
- Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, INSERM, IRCAN, 06100 Nice, France;
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, FHU OncoAge, Nice Center Hospital, 06100 Nice, France
| | - Mohammad Rashidian
- Department of Cancer Immunology and Virology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; (L.B.); (L.K.); (O.A.); (A.M.); (S.M.); (L.C.)
- Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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31
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Rinne SS, Orlova A, Tolmachev V. PET and SPECT Imaging of the EGFR Family (RTK Class I) in Oncology. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073663. [PMID: 33915894 PMCID: PMC8036874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor family (EGFR-family, other designations: HER family, RTK Class I) is strongly linked to oncogenic transformation. Its members are frequently overexpressed in cancer and have become attractive targets for cancer therapy. To ensure effective patient care, potential responders to HER-targeted therapy need to be identified. Radionuclide molecular imaging can be a key asset for the detection of overexpression of EGFR-family members. It meets the need for repeatable whole-body assessment of the molecular disease profile, solving problems of heterogeneity and expression alterations over time. Tracer development is a multifactorial process. The optimal tracer design depends on the application and the particular challenges of the molecular target (target expression in tumors, endogenous expression in healthy tissue, accessibility). We have herein summarized the recent preclinical and clinical data on agents for Positron Emission Tomography (PET) and Single Photon Emission Tomography (SPECT) imaging of EGFR-family receptors in oncology. Antibody-based tracers are still extensively investigated. However, their dominance starts to be challenged by a number of tracers based on different classes of targeting proteins. Among these, engineered scaffold proteins (ESP) and single domain antibodies (sdAb) show highly encouraging results in clinical studies marking a noticeable trend towards the use of smaller sized agents for HER imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara S. Rinne
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
| | - Anna Orlova
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Uppsala University, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (S.S.R.); (A.O.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
| | - Vladimir Tolmachev
- Research Centrum for Oncotheranostics, Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, 634050 Tomsk, Russia
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, 752 37 Uppsala, Sweden
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +46-704-250-782
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Harmand TJ, Islam A, Pishesha N, Ploegh HL. Nanobodies as in vivo, non-invasive, imaging agents. RSC Chem Biol 2021; 2:685-701. [PMID: 34212147 PMCID: PMC8190910 DOI: 10.1039/d1cb00023c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In vivo imaging has become in recent years an incredible tool to study biological events and has found critical applications in diagnostic medicine. Although a lot of efforts and applications have been achieved using monoclonal antibodies, other types of delivery agents are being developed. Among them, VHHs, antigen binding fragments derived from camelid heavy chain-only antibodies, also known as nanobodies, have particularly attracted attention. Indeed, their stability, fast clearance, good tissue penetration, high solubility, simple cloning and recombinant production make them attractive targeting agents for imaging modalities such as PET, SPECT or Infra-Red. In this review, we discuss the pioneering work that has been carried out using VHHs and summarize the recent developments that have been made using nanobodies for in vivo, non-invasive, imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibault J Harmand
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
| | - Ashraful Islam
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Department of Clinical Medicine, UiT The Arctic University of Norway Tromso Norway
| | - Novalia Pishesha
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
- Society of Fellows, Harvard University Cambridge MA USA
- Klarman Cell Observatory, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge MA USA
| | - Hidde L Ploegh
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston MA USA
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Piramoon M, Khodadust F, Hosseinimehr SJ. Radiolabeled nanobodies for tumor targeting: From bioengineering to imaging and therapy. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1875:188529. [PMID: 33647388 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
So far, numerous molecules and biomolecules have been evaluated for tumor targeting purposes for radionuclide-based imaging and therapy modalities. Due to the high affinity and specificity against tumor antigens, monoclonal antibodies are appropriate candidates for tumor targeting. However, their large size prevents their comprehensive application in radionuclide-based tumor imaging or therapy, since it leads to their low tumor penetration, low blood clearance, and thus inappropriate tumor-to-background ratio. Nowadays, the variable domain of heavy-chain antibodies from the Camelidae family, known as nanobodies (Nbs), turn into exciting candidates for medical research. Considering several innate advantages of these new tumor-targeting agents, including excellent affinity and specificity toward antigen, high solubility, high stability, fast washout from blood, convenient production, ease of selection, and low immunogenicity, it assumes that they may overcome generic problems of monoclonal antibodies, their fragments, and other vectors used for tumor imaging/therapy. After three decades of Nbs discovery, the increasing number of their preclinical and clinical investigations, which have led to outstanding results, confirm their application for tumor targeting purposes. This review describes Nbs characteristics, the diagnostic and therapeutic application of their radioconjugates, and their recent advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Piramoon
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Radiopharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Razi Herbal Medicines Research Center, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khodadust
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Student Research Committee, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Seyed Jalal Hosseinimehr
- Department of Radiopharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Liu M, Li L, Jin D, Liu Y. Nanobody-A versatile tool for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-NANOMEDICINE AND NANOBIOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 13:e1697. [PMID: 33470555 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In spite of the successful use of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in clinic for tumor treatment, their applications are still hampered in therapeutic development due to limitations, such as tumor penetration and high cost of manufacture. Nanobody, a single domain antibody that holds the strong antigen targeting and binding capacity, has demonstrated various advantages relative to antibody. Nanobody is considered as a next-generation of antibody-derived tool in the antigen related recognition and modulation. A number of nanobodies have been developed and evaluated in different stages of clinical trials for cancer treatment. Here we summarized the current progress of nanobody in tumor diagnosis and therapeutics, particularly on the conjugation of nanobody with functional moieties. The nanobody conjugation of diagnostic agents, such as radionuclide and optical tracers, can achieve specific tumor imaging. The nanobody-drug conjugates can enhance the therapeutic efficacy of anti-tumor drugs and reduce the adverse effects. The decoration of nanobody on nanodrug delivery systems can further improve the drug targeting to specific tumors. This article is categorized under: Therapeutic Approaches and Drug Discovery > Nanomedicine for Oncologic Disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manman Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Li Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Duo Jin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yangzhong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Single-domain antibodies for radio nuclear imaging and therapy of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: a narrative review. JOURNAL OF BIO-X RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1097/jbr.0000000000000074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Heesch A, Maurer J, Stickeler E, Beheshti M, Mottaghy FM, Morgenroth A. Development of Radiotracers for Breast Cancer-The Tumor Microenvironment as an Emerging Target. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102334. [PMID: 33096754 PMCID: PMC7590199 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular imaging plays an increasingly important role in the diagnosis and treatment of different malignancies. Radiolabeled probes enable the visualization of the primary tumor as well as the metastases and have been also employed in targeted therapy and theranostic approaches. With breast cancer being the most common malignancy in women worldwide it is of special interest to develop novel targeted treatments. However, tumor microenvironment and escape mechanisms often limit their therapeutic potential. Addressing tumor stroma associated targets provides a promising option to inhibit tumor growth and angiogenesis and to disrupt tumor tissue architecture. This review describes recent developments on radiolabeled probes used in diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer especially in triple negative type with the focus on potential targets offered by the tumor microenvironment, like tumor associated macrophages, cancer associated fibroblasts, and endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelie Heesch
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.); (F.M.M.)
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Elmar Stickeler
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen (UKA), 52074 Aachen, Germany; (J.M.); (E.S.)
| | - Mohsen Beheshti
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.); (F.M.M.)
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Felix M. Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.); (F.M.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6202 Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (A.H.); (M.B.); (F.M.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Zhou Z, Zalutsky MR, Vaidyanathan G. Labeling a TCO-functionalized single domain antibody fragment with 18F via inverse electron demand Diels Alder cycloaddition using a fluoronicotinyl moiety-bearing tetrazine derivative. Bioorg Med Chem 2020; 28:115634. [PMID: 32773089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2020.115634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Single domain antibody fragments (sdAbs) exhibit a rapid tumor uptake and fast blood clearance amenable for labeling with 18F (t½ = 110 min) but suffer from high kidney accumulation. Previously, we developed a method for 18F-labeling of sdAbs via trans-cyclooctene (TCO)-tetrazine (Tz) inverse electron demand Diel's Alder cycloaddition reaction (IEDDAR) that incorporated a renal brush border enzyme (RBBE)-cleavable linker. Although >15 fold reduction in kidney activity levels was achieved, tumor uptake was compromised. Here we investigate whether replacing the [18F]AlF-NOTA moiety with [18F]fluoronicotinyl would rectify this problem. Anti-HER2 sdAb 5F7 was first derivatized with a TCO-containing agent that included the RBBE-cleavable linker GlyLys (GK) and a PEG chain, and then subjected to IEDDAR with 6-[18F]fluoronicotinyl-PEG4-methyltetrazine to provide [18F]FN-PEG4-Tz-TCO-GK-PEG4-5F7 ([18F]FN-GK-5F7). For comparisons, a control lacking GK linker and 5F7 labeled using residualizing N-succinimidyl 3-guanidinomethyl-5-[125I]iodobenzoate (iso-[125I]SGMIB) also were synthesized. Radiochemical purity, affinity (KD) and immunoreactive fraction of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 were 99%, 5.4 ± 0.7 nM and 72.5 ± 4.3%, respectively. Tumor uptake of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 in athymic mice bearing subcutaneous SKOV3 xenografts (3.7 ± 1.2% ID/g and 3.4 ± 1.0% ID/g at 1 h and 3 h, respectively) was 2- to 3-fold lower than for co-injected iso-[125I]SGMIB-5F7 (6.9 ± 1.9 %ID/g and 8.7 ± 3.0 %ID/g). However, due to its 6-fold lower kidney activity levels, tumor-to-kidney ratios for [18F]FN-GK-5F7 were 3-4 times higher than those for co-injected iso-[125I]SGMIB-5F7 as well as those observed for the 18F conjugate lacking the RBBE-cleavable linker. Micro-PET/CT imaging of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 in mice with SKOV-3 subcutaneous xenografts clearly delineated tumor as early as 1 h with minimal activity in the kidneys; however, there was considerable activity in gallbladder and intestines. Although the tumor uptake of [18F]FN-GK-5F7 was unexpectedly disappointing, incorporating an alternative RBBE-cleavable linker into this labeling strategy may ameliorate this problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Imaging using radiolabelled targeted proteins: radioimmunodetection and beyond. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2020; 5:16. [PMID: 32577943 PMCID: PMC7311618 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-020-00094-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of radiolabelled antibodies was proposed in 1970s for staging of malignant tumours. Intensive research established chemistry for radiolabelling of proteins and understanding of factors determining biodistribution and targeting properties. The use of radioimmunodetection for staging of cancer was not established as common practice due to approval and widespread use of [18F]-FDG, which provided a more general diagnostic use than antibodies or their fragments. Expanded application of antibody-based therapeutics renewed the interest in radiolabelled antibodies. RadioimmunoPET emerged as a powerful tool for evaluation of pharmacokinetics of and target engagement by biotherapeutics. In addition to monoclonal antibodies, new radiolabelled engineered proteins have recently appeared, offering high-contrast imaging of expression of therapeutic molecular targets in tumours shortly after injection. This creates preconditions for noninvasive determination of a target expression level and stratification of patients for targeted therapies. Radiolabelled proteins hold great promise to play an important role in development and implementation of personalised targeted treatment of malignant tumours. This article provides an overview of biodistribution and tumour-seeking features of major classes of targeting proteins currently utilized for molecular imaging. Such information might be useful for researchers entering the field of the protein-based radionuclide molecular imaging.
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Abstract
Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a paradigm-shifting molecular imaging modality combining the superior targeting specificity of monoclonal antibody (mAb) and the inherent sensitivity of PET technique. A variety of radionuclides and mAbs have been exploited to develop immunoPET probes, which has been driven by the development and optimization of radiochemistry and conjugation strategies. In addition, tumor-targeting vectors with a short circulation time (e.g., Nanobody) or with an enhanced binding affinity (e.g., bispecific antibody) are being used to design novel immunoPET probes. Accordingly, several immunoPET probes, such as 89Zr-Df-pertuzumab and 89Zr-atezolizumab, have been successfully translated for clinical use. By noninvasively and dynamically revealing the expression of heterogeneous tumor antigens, immunoPET imaging is gradually changing the theranostic landscape of several types of malignancies. ImmunoPET is the method of choice for imaging specific tumor markers, immune cells, immune checkpoints, and inflammatory processes. Furthermore, the integration of immunoPET imaging in antibody drug development is of substantial significance because it provides pivotal information regarding antibody targeting abilities and distribution profiles. Herein, we present the latest immunoPET imaging strategies and their preclinical and clinical applications. We also emphasize current conjugation strategies that can be leveraged to develop next-generation immunoPET probes. Lastly, we discuss practical considerations to tune the development and translation of immunoPET imaging strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Zachary T Rosenkrans
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
| | - Jianjun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Gang Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Shanghai University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shanghai 201318, China
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Weibo Cai
- Departments of Radiology and Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Room 7137, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
- University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin 53705, United States
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Deken MM, Kijanka MM, Beltrán Hernández I, Slooter MD, de Bruijn HS, van Diest PJ, van Bergen En Henegouwen PMP, Lowik CWGM, Robinson DJ, Vahrmeijer AL, Oliveira S. Nanobody-targeted photodynamic therapy induces significant tumor regression of trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer, after a single treatment session. J Control Release 2020; 323:269-281. [PMID: 32330574 PMCID: PMC7116241 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.04.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rationale A substantial number of breast cancer patients with an overexpression of the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) have residual disease after neoadjuvant therapy or become resistant to trastuzumab. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) using nanobodies targeted to HER2 is a promising treatment option for these patients. Here we investigate the in vitro and in vivo antitumor efficacy of HER2-targeted nanobody-photosensitizer (PS) conjugate PDT. Methods Nanobodies targeting HER2 were obtained from phage display selections. Monovalent nanobodies were engineered into a biparatopic construct. The specificity of selected nanobodies was tested in immunofluorescence assays and their affinity was evaluated in binding studies, both performed in a panel of breast cancer cells varying in HER2 expression levels. The selected HER2-targeted nanobodies 1D5 and 1D5-18A12 were conjugated to the photosensitizer IRDye700DX and tested in in vitro PDT assays. Mice bearing orthotopic HCC1954 trastuzumab-resistant tumors with high HER2 expression or MCF-7 tumors with low HER2 expression were intravenously injected with nanobody-PS conjugates. Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy was performed for the determination of the local pharmacokinetics of the fluorescence conjugates. After nanobody-PS administration, tumors were illuminated to a fluence of 100 J∙cm-2, with a fluence rate of 50 mW∙cm-2, and thereafter tumor growth was measured with a follow-up until 30 days. Results The selected nanobodies remained functional after conjugation to the PS, binding specifically and with high affinity to HER2-positive cells. Both nanobody-PS conjugates potently and selectively induced cell death of HER2 overexpressing cells, either sensitive or resistant to trastuzumab, with low nanomolar LD50 values. In vivo, quantitative fluorescence spectroscopy showed specific accumulation of nanobody-PS conjugates in HCC1954 tumors and indicated 2 h post injection as the most suitable time point to apply light. Nanobody-targeted PDT with 1D5-PS and 1D5-18A12-PS induced significant tumor regression of trastuzumab-resistant high HER2 expressing tumors, whereas in low HER2 expressing tumors only a slight growth delay was observed. Conclusion Nanobody-PS conjugates accumulated selectively in vivo and their fluorescence could be detected through optical imaging. Upon illumination, they selectively induced significant tumor regression of HER2 overexpressing tumors with a single treatment session. Nanobody-targeted PDT is therefore suggested as a new additional treatment for HER2-positive breast cancer, particularly of interest for trastuzumab-resistant HER2-positive breast cancer. Further studies are now needed to assess the value of this approach in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marion M Deken
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marta M Kijanka
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Irati Beltrán Hernández
- Pharmaceutics, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Maxime D Slooter
- Dept. of Radiology, Division of Molecular Imaging, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Henriette S de Bruijn
- Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul J van Diest
- Dept. of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Paul M P van Bergen En Henegouwen
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Clemens W G M Lowik
- Dept. of Radiology, Optical Molecular Imaging, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic J Robinson
- Dept. of Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Center for Optical Diagnostics and Therapy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Sabrina Oliveira
- Division of Cell Biology, Neurobiology and Biophysics, Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Pharmaceutics, Dept. of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
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de Marco A. Recombinant expression of nanobodies and nanobody-derived immunoreagents. Protein Expr Purif 2020; 172:105645. [PMID: 32289357 PMCID: PMC7151424 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2020.105645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Antibody fragments for which the sequence is available are suitable for straightforward engineering and expression in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic systems. When produced as fusions with convenient tags, they become reagents which pair their selective binding capacity to an orthogonal function. Several kinds of immunoreagents composed by nanobodies and either large proteins or short sequences have been designed for providing inexpensive ready-to-use biological tools. The possibility to choose among alternative expression strategies is critical because the fusion moieties might require specific conditions for correct folding or post-translational modifications. In the case of nanobody production, the trend is towards simpler but reliable (bacterial) methods that can substitute for more cumbersome processes requiring the use of eukaryotic systems. The use of these will not disappear, but will be restricted to those cases in which the final immunoconstructs must have features that cannot be obtained in prokaryotic cells. At the same time, bacterial expression has evolved from the conventional procedure which considered exclusively the nanobody and nanobody-fusion accumulation in the periplasm. Several reports show the advantage of cytoplasmic expression, surface-display and secretion for at least some applications. Finally, there is an increasing interest to use as a model the short nanobody sequence for the development of in silico methodologies aimed at optimizing the yields, stability and affinity of recombinant antibodies. There is an increasing request for immunoreagents based on nanobodies. The multiplicity of their applications requires constructs with different structural complexity. Alternative expression methods are necessary to achieve such structural requirements. In silico optimization of nanobody biophysical characteristics becomes more and more reliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ario de Marco
- Laboratory for Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska cesta 13, S-5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
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Zhao X, Ning Q, Mo Z, Tang S. A promising cancer diagnosis and treatment strategy: targeted cancer therapy and imaging based on antibody fragment. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2020; 47:3621-3630. [PMID: 31468992 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1657875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
With the arrival of the precision medicine and personalized treatment era, targeted therapy that improves efficacy and reduces side effects has become the mainstream approach of cancer treatment. Antibody fragments that further enhance penetration and retain the most critical antigen-specific binding functions are considered the focus of research targeting cancer imaging and therapy. Thanks to the superior penetration and rapid blood clearance of antibody fragments, antibody fragment-based imaging agents enable efficient and sensitive imaging of tumour sites. In tumour-targeted therapy, antibody fragments can directly inhibit tumour proliferation and growth, serve as an ideal carrier for delivery of anti-tumour drugs, or manipulate the immune system to eliminate tumour cells. In this review, the excellent physicochemical properties and the basic structure of antibody fragments are expressly depicted depicted, the progress of antibody fragments in cancer therapy and imaging are thoroughly summarized, and the future development of antibody fragments is predicted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuhong Zhao
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Province, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China , Hengyang , China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua , China
| | - Qian Ning
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua , China
| | - Zhongcheng Mo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Clinical Anatomy and Reproductive Medicine Application Institute, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China , Hengyang , China
| | - Shengsong Tang
- Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics of Hunan Province, Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of South China , Hengyang , China.,Hunan Province Key Laboratory for Antibody-Based Drug and Intelligent Delivery System, Hunan University of Medicine , Huaihua , China
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Chitneni SK, Koumarianou E, Vaidyanathan G, Zalutsky MR. Observations on the Effects of Residualization and Dehalogenation on the Utility of N-Succinimidyl Ester Acylation Agents for Radioiodination of the Internalizing Antibody Trastuzumab. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24213907. [PMID: 31671554 PMCID: PMC6864793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24213907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Trastuzumab is an antibody used for the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-overexpressing breast cancers. Since trastuzumab is an internalizing antibody, two factors could play an important role in achieving high uptake and prolonged retention of radioactivity in HER2-positive tumors after radioiodination-residualizing capacity after receptor-mediated internalization and susceptibility to dehalogenation. To evaluate the contribution of these two factors, trastuzumab was radiolabeled using the residualizing reagent N-succinimidyl 4-guanidinomethyl-3-[*I]iodobenzoate ([*I]SGMIB) and the nonresidualizing reagent N-succinimidyl-3-[*I]iodobenzoate ([*I]SIB), both of which are highly dehalogenation-resistant. Paired-label uptake and intracellular retention of [125I]SGMIB-trastuzumab and [131I]SIB-trastuzumab was compared on HER2-expressing BT474 human breast carcinoma cells. Tumor uptake and normal tissue distribution characteristics for the two labeled conjugates were assessed in mice bearing BT474M1 xenografts. The internalization and intracellular retention of initially-bound radioactivity in BT474 cells was similar for the two labeled conjugates up to 4 h, but were significantly higher for [125I]SGMIB-trastuzumab at 6 and 24 h. Similarly, [*I]SGMIB labeling resulted in significantly higher uptake and retention of radioactivity in BT474M1 xenografts at all studied time points. Moreover, tumor-to-tissue ratios for [125I]SGMIB-trastuzumab were consistently higher than those for [131I]SIB-trastuzumab starting at 12 h postinjection. Thus, optimal targeting of HER2-positive breast cancers with a radioiodinated trastuzumab conjugate requires an acylation agent that imparts residualizing capacity in addition to high stability towards dehalogenation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish K Chitneni
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
| | - Eftychia Koumarianou
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
- ABX-CRO Advanced Pharmaceutical Services, D-01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | | | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Department of Radiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Recent Advances in Nuclear Imaging of Receptor Expression to Guide Targeted Therapies in Breast Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101614. [PMID: 31652624 PMCID: PMC6826563 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer remains the most frequent cancer in women with different patterns of disease progression and response to treatments. The identification of specific biomarkers for different breast cancer subtypes has allowed the development of novel targeting agents for imaging and therapy. To date, patient management depends on immunohistochemistry analysis of receptor status on bioptic samples. This approach is too invasive, and in some cases, not entirely representative of the disease. Nuclear imaging using receptor tracers may provide whole-body information and detect any changes of receptor expression during disease progression. Therefore, imaging is useful to guide clinicians to select the best treatments for each patient and to evaluate early response thus reducing unnecessary therapies. In this review, we focused on the development of novel tracers that are ongoing in preclinical and/or clinical studies as promising tools to lead treatment decisions for breast cancer management.
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Wei W, Ni D, Ehlerding EB, Luo QY, Cai W. PET Imaging of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2019; 17:1625-1636. [PMID: 30068751 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-18-0087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression and/or mutations of the receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) subfamilies, such as epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR) and vascular endothelial growth factor receptors (VEGFR), are closely associated with tumor cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, apoptosis, and cellular invasiveness. Monoclonal antibodies (mAb) and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) specifically inhibiting these RTKs have shown remarkable success in improving patient survival in many cancer types. However, poor response and even drug resistance inevitably occur. In this setting, the ability to detect and visualize RTKs with noninvasive diagnostic tools will greatly refine clinical treatment strategies for cancer patients, facilitate precise response prediction, and improve drug development. Positron emission tomography (PET) agents using targeted radioactively labeled antibodies have been developed to visualize tumor RTKs and are changing clinical decisions for certain cancer types. In the present review, we primarily focus on PET imaging of RTKs using radiolabeled antibodies with an emphasis on the clinical applications of these immunoPET probes. Mol Cancer Ther; 17(8); 1625-36. ©2018 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weijun Wei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Dalong Ni
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Emily B Ehlerding
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Quan-Yong Luo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China.
| | - Weibo Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin. .,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Wisconsin.,University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center, Madison, Wisconsin
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Iommelli F, De Rosa V, Terlizzi C, Fonti R, Del Vecchio S. Preclinical Imaging in Targeted Cancer Therapies. Semin Nucl Med 2019; 49:369-381. [PMID: 31470932 DOI: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2019.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical imaging with radiolabeled probes can provide noninvasive tools to test the efficacy of targeted agents in tumors harboring specific genetic alterations and to identify imaging parameters that can be used as pharmacodynamics markers in cancer patients. The present review will primarily focus on preclinical imaging studies that can accelerate the clinical approval of targeted agents and promote the development of imaging biomarkers for clinical applications. Since only subgroups of patients may benefit from treatment with targeted anticancer agents, the identification of a patient population expressing the target is of primary importance for the success of clinical trials. Preclinical imaging studies tested the ability of new radiolabeled compounds to recognize mutant, amplified, or overexpressed targets and some of these tracers were transferred to the clinical setting. More common tracers such as 18F-Fluorothymidine and 18F-Fluorodeoxyglucose were employed in animal models to test the inhibition of the target and downstream pathways through the evaluation of early changes of proliferation and glucose metabolism allowing the identification of sensitive and resistant tumors. Furthermore, since the majority of patients treated with targeted anticancer agents will invariably develop resistance, preclinical imaging studies were performed to test the efficacy of reversal agents to overcome resistance. These studies provided consistent evidence that imaging with radiolabeled probes can monitor the reversal of drug resistance by newly designed alternative compounds. Finally, despite many difficulties and challenges, preclinical imaging studies targeting the expression of immune checkpoints proved the principle that it is feasible to select patients for immunotherapy based on imaging findings. In conclusion, preclinical imaging can be considered as an integral part of the complex translational process that moves a newly developed targeted agent from laboratory to clinical application intervening in all clinically relevant steps including patient selection, early monitoring of drug effects and reversal of drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Iommelli
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Viviana De Rosa
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Cristina Terlizzi
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rosa Fonti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Silvana Del Vecchio
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Scimeca M, Urbano N, Bonfiglio R, Duggento A, Toschi N, Schillaci O, Bonanno E. Novel insights into breast cancer progression and metastasis: A multidisciplinary opportunity to transition from biology to clinical oncology. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2019; 1872:138-148. [PMID: 31348975 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
According to the most recent epidemiological studies, breast cancer shows the highest incidence and the second leading cause of death in women. Cancer progression and metastasis are the main events related to poor survival of breast cancer patients. This can be explained by the presence of highly resistant to chemo- and radiotherapy stem cells in many breast tumor tissues. In this context, numerous studies highlighted the possible involvement of epithelial to mesenchymal transition phenomenon as biological program to generate cancer stem cells, and thus participate to both metastatic and drug resistance process. Therefore, the comprehension of mechanisms (both cellular and molecular) involved in breast cancer occurrence and progression can lay the foundation for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutical protocols. In this review, we reported the most important findings in the field of breast cancer highlighting the most recent data concerning breast tumor biology, diagnosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; Fondazione Umberto Veronesi (FUV), Piazza Velasca 5, 20122 Milano (Mi), Italy.
| | | | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Andrea Duggento
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Nicola Toschi
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging and Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; Neuromed Group, "Diagnostica Medica" and "Villa dei Platani", Avellino, Italy
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Rajitha B, Malla RR, Vadde R, Kasa P, Prasad GLV, Farran B, Kumari S, Pavitra E, Kamal MA, Raju GSR, Peela S, Nagaraju GP. Horizons of nanotechnology applications in female specific cancers. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 69:376-390. [PMID: 31301361 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 06/23/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Female-specific cancers are the most common cancers in women worldwide. Early detection methods remain unavailable for most of these cancers, signifying that most of them are diagnosed at later stages. Furthermore, current treatment options for most female-specific cancers are surgery, radiation and chemotherapy. Although important milestones in molecularly targeted approaches have been achieved lately, current therapeutic strategies for female-specific cancers remain limited, ineffective and plagued by the emergence of chemoresistance, which aggravates prognosis. Recently, the application of nanotechnology to the medical field has allowed the development of novel nano-based approaches for the management and treatment of cancers, including female-specific cancers. These approaches promise to improve patient survival rates by reducing side effects, enabling selective delivery of drugs to tumor tissues and enhancing the uptake of therapeutic compounds, thus increasing anti-tumor activity. In this review, we focus on the application of nano-based technologies to the design of novel and innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies in the context of female-specific cancers, highlighting their potential uses and limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balney Rajitha
- Department of Pathology, WellStar Hospital, Marietta, GA, 30060, USA
| | - Rama Rao Malla
- Department of Biochemistry, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, AP, 530045, India
| | - Ramakrishna Vadde
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa, AP, 516003, India
| | - Prameswari Kasa
- Dr. LV Prasad Diagnostics and Research Laboratory, Khairtabad, Hyderabad, TS, 500004, India
| | | | - Batoul Farran
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Seema Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, GITAM Institute of Science, GITAM University, Visakhapatnam, AP, 530045, India
| | - Eluri Pavitra
- Department of Biological Engineering, Biohybrid Systems Research Center (BSRC), Inha University, 100, Inha-ro, Incheon 22212, Republic of Korea
| | - Mohammad Amjad Kamal
- King Fahd Medical Research Center, King Abdulaziz University, P. O. Box 80216, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia; Enzymoics, 7 Peterlee Place, Hebersham, NSW 2770, Australia; Novel Global Community Educational Foundation, Australia
| | - Ganji Seeta Rama Raju
- Department of Energy and Materials Engineering, Dongguk University-Seoul, Seoul 04620, Republic of Korea
| | - Sujatha Peela
- Department of Biotechnology, Dr. B.R. Ambedkar University, Srikakulam, AP, 532410, India
| | - Ganji Purnachandra Nagaraju
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
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PET imaging of distinct brain uptake of a nanobody and similarly-sized PAMAM dendrimers after intra-arterial administration. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 46:1940-1951. [PMID: 31161257 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-019-04347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We have recently shown that intracerebral delivery of an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody bevacizumab using an intra-arterial (IA) infusion is more effective than intravenous administration. While antibodies are quickly emerging as therapeutics, their disadvantages such as large size, production logistics and immunogenicity motivate search for alternatives. Thus we have studied brain uptake of nanobodies and polyamidoamine (PAMAM) dendrimers. METHODS Nanobodies were conjugated with deferoxamine (DFO) to generate NB(DFO)2. Generation-4 PAMAM dendrimers were conjugated with DFO, and subsequently primary amines were capped with butane-1,2-diol functionalities to generate G4(DFO)3(Bdiol)110. Resulting conjugates were radiolabeled with zirconium-89. Brain uptake of 89ZrNB(DFO)2 and 89ZrG4(DFO)3(Bdiol)110 upon carotid artery vs tail vein infusions with intact BBB or osmotic blood-brain barrier opening (OBBBO) with mannitol in mice was monitored by dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) over 30 min to assess brain uptake and clearance, followed by whole-body PET-CT (computed tomography) imaging at 1 h and 24 h post-infusion (pi). Imaging results were subsequently validated by ex-vivo biodistribution. RESULTS Intravenous administration of 89ZrNB(DFO)2 and 89ZrG4(DFO)3(Bdiol)110 resulted in their negligible brain accumulation regardless of BBB status and timing of OBBBO. Intra-arterial (IA) administration of 89ZrNB(DFO)2 dramatically increased its brain uptake, which was further potentiated with prior OBBBO. Half of the initial brain uptake was retained after 24 h. In contrast, IA infusion of 89ZrG4(DFO)3(Bdiol)110 resulted in poor initial accumulation in the brain, with complete clearance within 1 h of administration. Ex-vivo biodistribution results reflected those on PET-CT. CONCLUSIONS IA delivery of nanobodies might be an attractive therapeutic platform for CNS disorders where prolonged intracranial retention is necessary.
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De Groof TWM, Bobkov V, Heukers R, Smit MJ. Nanobodies: New avenues for imaging, stabilizing and modulating GPCRs. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2019; 484:15-24. [PMID: 30690070 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2019.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 01/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) is the largest class of membrane proteins and an important drug target due to their role in many (patho)physiological processes. Besides small molecules, GPCRs can be targeted by biologicals including antibodies and antibody fragments. This review describes the use of antibodies and in particular antibody fragments from camelid-derived heavy chain-only antibodies (nanobodies/VHHs/sdAbs) for detecting, stabilizing, modulating and therapeutically targeting GPCRs. Altogether, it becomes increasingly clear that the small size, structure and protruding antigen-binding loops of nanobodies are favorable features for the development of selective and potent GPCRs-binding molecules. This makes them attractive tools to modulate GPCR activity but also as targeting modalities for GPCR-directed therapeutics. In addition, these antibody-fragments are important tools in the stabilization of particular conformations of these receptors. Lastly, nanobodies, in contrast to conventional antibodies, can also easily be expressed intracellularly which render nanobodies important tools for studying GPCR function. Hence, GPCR-targeting nanobodies are ideal modalities to image, stabilize and modulate GPCR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timo W M De Groof
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Bobkov
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Argenx BVBA, Industriepark Zwijnaarde 7, 9052, Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Raimond Heukers
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; QVQ Holding B.V., Yalelaan 1, 3484 CL, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martine J Smit
- Amsterdam Institute for Molecules, Medicines and Systems (AIMMS), Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, De Boelelaan 1108, 1081 HZ, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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