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Morys F, Tremblay C, Rahayel S, Hansen JY, Dai A, Misic B, Dagher A. Neural correlates of obesity across the lifespan. Commun Biol 2024; 7:656. [PMID: 38806652 PMCID: PMC11133431 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06361-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Associations between brain and obesity are bidirectional: changes in brain structure and function underpin over-eating, while chronic adiposity leads to brain atrophy. Investigating brain-obesity interactions across the lifespan can help better understand these relationships. This study explores the interaction between obesity and cortical morphometry in children, young adults, adults, and older adults. We also investigate the genetic, neurochemical, and cognitive correlates of the brain-obesity associations. Our findings reveal a pattern of lower cortical thickness in fronto-temporal brain regions associated with obesity across all age cohorts and varying age-dependent patterns in the remaining brain regions. In adults and older adults, obesity correlates with neurochemical changes and expression of inflammatory and mitochondrial genes. In children and older adults, adiposity is associated with modifications in brain regions involved in emotional and attentional processes. Thus, obesity might originate from cognitive changes during early adolescence, leading to neurodegeneration in later life through mitochondrial and inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Morys
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada.
| | - Christina Tremblay
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Shady Rahayel
- Department of Medicine and Medical Specialties, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Center for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hopital du Sacre-Coeur de Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Y Hansen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alyssa Dai
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, H3A 2B4, Montreal, QC, Canada
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2
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Kasper J, Caspers S, Lotter LD, Hoffstaedter F, Eickhoff SB, Dukart J. Resting state changes in aging and Parkinson's disease are shaped by underlying neurotransmission - a normative modeling study. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2024:S2451-9022(24)00112-5. [PMID: 38679325 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2024.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human healthy and pathological aging is linked to a steady decline in brain resting state activity and connectivity measures. The neurophysiological mechanisms underlying these changes remain poorly understood. METHODS Making use of recent developments in normative modeling and availability of in vivo maps for various neurochemical systems, we test in the UK Biobank cohort (N=25917) if and how age- and Parkinson's disease related resting state changes in commonly applied local and global activity and connectivity measures co-localize with underlying neurotransmitter systems. RESULTS We find the distributions of several major neurotransmitter systems including serotonergic, dopaminergic, noradrenergic, and glutamatergic neurotransmission to correlate with age-related changes as observed across functional activity and connectivity measures. Co-localization patterns in Parkinson's disease deviate from normative aging trajectories for these, as well as for cholinergic and GABAergic, neurotransmission. The deviation from normal co-localization of brain function and GABAa correlates with disease duration. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide new insights into molecular mechanisms underlying age- and Parkinson's related brain functional changes by extending the existing evidence elucidating the vulnerability of specific neurochemical attributes to normal aging and Parkinson's disease. The results particularly indicate that alongside dopamine and serotonin, increased vulnerability of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and GABAergic systems may also contribute to Parkinson's disease-related functional alterations. Combining normative modeling and neurotransmitter mapping may aid future research and drug development through deeper understanding of neurophysiological mechanisms underlying specific clinical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Kasper
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Svenja Caspers
- Institute for Anatomy I, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Leon D Lotter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany; Max Planck School of Cognition, Stephanstrasse 1A, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Felix Hoffstaedter
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Juergen Dukart
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty and University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany; Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-7), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany.
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3
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Betzel R, Puxeddu MG, Seguin C, Bazinet V, Luppi A, Podschun A, Singleton SP, Faskowitz J, Parakkattu V, Misic B, Markett S, Kuceyeski A, Parkes L. Controlling the human connectome with spatially diffuse input signals. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.27.581006. [PMID: 38463980 PMCID: PMC10925126 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.27.581006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
The human brain is never at "rest"; its activity is constantly fluctuating over time, transitioning from one brain state-a whole-brain pattern of activity-to another. Network control theory offers a framework for understanding the effort - energy - associated with these transitions. One branch of control theory that is especially useful in this context is "optimal control", in which input signals are used to selectively drive the brain into a target state. Typically, these inputs are introduced independently to the nodes of the network (each input signal is associated with exactly one node). Though convenient, this input strategy ignores the continuity of cerebral cortex - geometrically, each region is connected to its spatial neighbors, allowing control signals, both exogenous and endogenous, to spread from their foci to nearby regions. Additionally, the spatial specificity of brain stimulation techniques is limited, such that the effects of a perturbation are measurable in tissue surrounding the stimulation site. Here, we adapt the network control model so that input signals have a spatial extent that decays exponentially from the input site. We show that this more realistic strategy takes advantage of spatial dependencies in structural connectivity and activity to reduce the energy (effort) associated with brain state transitions. We further leverage these dependencies to explore near-optimal control strategies such that, on a per-transition basis, the number of input signals required for a given control task is reduced, in some cases by two orders of magnitude. This approximation yields network-wide maps of input site density, which we compare to an existing database of functional, metabolic, genetic, and neurochemical maps, finding a close correspondence. Ultimately, not only do we propose a more efficient framework that is also more adherent to well-established brain organizational principles, but we also posit neurobiologically grounded bases for optimal control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Betzel
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
- Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
| | - Maria Grazia Puxeddu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
| | - Caio Seguin
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
| | - Vincent Bazinet
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Andrea Luppi
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | - Joshua Faskowitz
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
| | - Vibin Parakkattu
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
- Cognitive Science Program, Indiana University, Bloomington IN 47401
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Computational Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
| | - Linden Parkes
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Health Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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4
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Honhar P, Matuskey D, Carson RE, Hillmer AT. Improving SUVR quantification by correcting for radiotracer clearance in tissue. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2024; 44:296-309. [PMID: 37589538 PMCID: PMC10993874 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x231196804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Standardized Uptake Value Ratio (SUVR) is a widely reported semi-quantitative positron emission tomography (PET) outcome measure, partly because of its ease of measurement from short scan durations. However, in brain, SUVR is often a biased estimator of the gold-standard distribution volume ratio (DVR) due to non-equilibrium conditions, i.e., clearance of the radiotracer in relevant tissues. Factors that affect radiotracer metabolism and clearance such as medication or subject groups could lead to artificial differences in SUVR. This work developed a correction that reduces the bias in SUVR (estimated from a short 15-30 min PET imaging session) by accounting for the effects of tracer clearance observed during the late SUVR time window. The proposed correction takes the form of a one-step non-linear algebraic transform of SUVR that is a function of radiotracer dependent parameters such as clearance rates from the reference and target tissues, and population averaged reference region clearance rate (k 2 , ref ). An important observation was the need for accurate estimation of radiotracer clearance rate in target tissue, which was addressed with a regression based model. Simulations and human data from two different radiotracers (healthy controls for [11C]LSN3172176, healthy controls and Parkinson's disease subjects for [18F]FE-PE2I) were used to validate the correction and evaluate its benefits and limitations. SUVR correction in human data significantly reduced mean SUVR bias across brain regions and subjects (from ∼25% for SUVR to <10% for corrected SUVR). This correction also significantly reduced the variability of this bias across brain regions for both tracers (approximately 50% for [11C]LSN3172176, 20% for [18F]FE-PE2I). Future work should investigate the benefits of using corrected SUVR in other populations and with different tracers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen Honhar
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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5
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Zeng T, Lu Y, Jiang W, Zheng J, Zhang J, Gravel P, Wan Q, Fontaine K, Mulnix T, Jiang Y, Yang Z, Revilla EM, Naganawa M, Toyonaga T, Henry S, Zhang X, Cao T, Hu L, Carson RE. Markerless head motion tracking and event-by-event correction in brain PET. Phys Med Biol 2023; 68:245019. [PMID: 37983915 PMCID: PMC10713921 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/ad0e37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2023] [Revised: 10/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective.Head motion correction (MC) is an essential process in brain positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. We have used the Polaris Vicra, an optical hardware-based motion tracking (HMT) device, for PET head MC. However, this requires attachment of a marker to the subject's head. Markerless HMT (MLMT) methods are more convenient for clinical translation than HMT with external markers. In this study, we validated the United Imaging Healthcare motion tracking (UMT) MLMT system using phantom and human point source studies, and tested its effectiveness on eight18F-FPEB and four11C-LSN3172176 human studies, with frame-based region of interest (ROI) analysis. We also proposed an evaluation metric, registration quality (RQ), and compared it to a data-driven evaluation method, motion-corrected centroid-of-distribution (MCCOD).Approach.UMT utilized a stereovision camera with infrared structured light to capture the subject's real-time 3D facial surface. Each point cloud, acquired at up to 30 Hz, was registered to the reference cloud using a rigid-body iterative closest point registration algorithm.Main results.In the phantom point source study, UMT exhibited superior reconstruction results than the Vicra with higher spatial resolution (0.35 ± 0.27 mm) and smaller residual displacements (0.12 ± 0.10 mm). In the human point source study, UMT achieved comparable performance as Vicra on spatial resolution with lower noise. Moreover, UMT achieved comparable ROI values as Vicra for all the human studies, with negligible mean standard uptake value differences, while no MC results showed significant negative bias. TheRQevaluation metric demonstrated the effectiveness of UMT and yielded comparable results to MCCOD.Significance.We performed an initial validation of a commercial MLMT system against the Vicra. Generally, UMT achieved comparable motion-tracking results in all studies and the effectiveness of UMT-based MC was demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianyi Zeng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Yihuan Lu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Weize Jiang
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jiaxu Zheng
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Jiazhen Zhang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Paul Gravel
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Qianqian Wan
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Kathryn Fontaine
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Tim Mulnix
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Yulin Jiang
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Zhaohui Yang
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Enette Mae Revilla
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Takuya Toyonaga
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Shannan Henry
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Xinyue Zhang
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Tuoyu Cao
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Lingzhi Hu
- United Imaging Healthcare, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
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6
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Hansen JY, Cauzzo S, Singh K, García-Gomar MG, Shine JM, Bianciardi M, Misic B. Integrating brainstem and cortical functional architectures. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3569352. [PMID: 38076888 PMCID: PMC10705693 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3569352/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem is a fundamental component of the central nervous system yet it is typically excluded from in vivo human brain mapping efforts, precluding a complete understanding of how the brainstem influences cortical function. Here we use high-resolution 7 Tesla fMRI to derive a functional connectome encompassing cortex as well as 58 brainstem nuclei spanning the midbrain, pons and medulla. We identify a compact set of integrative hubs in the brainstem with widespread connectivity with cerebral cortex. Patterns of connectivity between brainstem and cerebral cortex manifest as multiple emergent phenomena including neurophysiological oscillatory rhythms, patterns of cognitive functional specialization, and the unimodal-transmodal functional hierarchy. This persistent alignment between cortical functional topographies and brainstem nuclei is shaped by the spatial arrangement of multiple neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. We replicate all findings using 3 Tesla data from the same participants. Collectively, we find that multiple organizational features of cortical activity can be traced back to the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y. Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Cauzzo
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kavita Singh
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - María Guadalupe García-Gomar
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - James M. Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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7
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Hansen JY, Cauzzo S, Singh K, García-Gomar MG, Shine JM, Bianciardi M, Misic B. Integrating brainstem and cortical functional architectures. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.26.564245. [PMID: 37961347 PMCID: PMC10634864 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.26.564245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The brainstem is a fundamental component of the central nervous system yet it is typically excluded from in vivo human brain mapping efforts, precluding a complete understanding of how the brainstem influences cortical function. Here we use high-resolution 7 Tesla fMRI to derive a functional connectome encompassing cortex as well as 58 brainstem nuclei spanning the midbrain, pons and medulla. We identify a compact set of integrative hubs in the brainstem with widespread connectivity with cerebral cortex. Patterns of connectivity between brainstem and cerebral cortex manifest as multiple emergent phenomena including neurophysiological oscillatory rhythms, patterns of cognitive functional specialization, and the unimodal-transmodal functional hierarchy. This persistent alignment between cortical functional topographies and brainstem nuclei is shaped by the spatial arrangement of multiple neurotransmitter receptors and transporters. We replicate all findings using 3 Tesla data from the same participants. Collectively, we find that multiple organizational features of cortical activity can be traced back to the brainstem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y. Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Simone Cauzzo
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Unit, Center for Rare Neurological Diseases (ERN-RND), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kavita Singh
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Multiscale Imaging and Integrative Biophysics Unit, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - María Guadalupe García-Gomar
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores, Unidad Juriquilla, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro, México
| | - James M. Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Marta Bianciardi
- Brainstem Imaging Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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8
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Baracchini G, Zhou Y, da Silva Castanheira J, Hansen JY, Rieck J, Turner GR, Grady CL, Misic B, Nomi J, Uddin LQ, Spreng RN. The biological role of local and global fMRI BOLD signal variability in human brain organization. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.22.563476. [PMID: 37961684 PMCID: PMC10634715 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.22.563476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Variability drives the organization and behavior of complex systems, including the human brain. Understanding the variability of brain signals is thus necessary to broaden our window into brain function and behavior. Few empirical investigations of macroscale brain signal variability have yet been undertaken, given the difficulty in separating biological sources of variance from artefactual noise. Here, we characterize the temporal variability of the most predominant macroscale brain signal, the fMRI BOLD signal, and systematically investigate its statistical, topographical and neurobiological properties. We contrast fMRI acquisition protocols, and integrate across histology, microstructure, transcriptomics, neurotransmitter receptor and metabolic data, fMRI static connectivity, and empirical and simulated magnetoencephalography data. We show that BOLD signal variability represents a spatially heterogeneous, central property of multi-scale multi-modal brain organization, distinct from noise. Our work establishes the biological relevance of BOLD signal variability and provides a lens on brain stochasticity across spatial and temporal scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Baracchini
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Yigu Zhou
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason da Silva Castanheira
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Justine Y. Hansen
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Gary R. Turner
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Cheryl L. Grady
- Rotman Research Institute at Baycrest, and Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Jason Nomi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Lucina Q. Uddin
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, USA
| | - R. Nathan Spreng
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
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9
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Zhang JJ, Fu H, Lin R, Zhou J, Haider A, Fang W, Elghazawy NH, Rong J, Chen J, Li Y, Ran C, Collier TL, Chen Z, Liang SH. Imaging Cholinergic Receptors in the Brain by Positron Emission Tomography. J Med Chem 2023; 66:10889-10916. [PMID: 37583063 PMCID: PMC10461233 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023]
Abstract
Cholinergic receptors represent a promising class of diagnostic and therapeutic targets due to their significant involvement in cognitive decline associated with neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases as well as cardiovascular impairment. Positron emission tomography (PET) is a noninvasive molecular imaging tool that has helped to shed light on the roles these receptors play in disease development and their diverse functions throughout the central nervous system (CNS). In recent years, there has been a notable advancement in the development of PET probes targeting cholinergic receptors. The purpose of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent progress in the development of these PET probes for cholinergic receptors with a specific focus on ligand structure, radiochemistry, and pharmacology as well as in vivo performance and applications in neuroimaging. The review covers the structural design, pharmacological properties, radiosynthesis approaches, and preclinical and clinical evaluations of current state-of-the-art PET probes for cholinergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Jing Zhang
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization
of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels
and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals
and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Hualong Fu
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ruofan Lin
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization
of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels
and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals
and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Jingyin Zhou
- Key
Laboratory of Radiopharmaceuticals, Ministry of Education, College
of Chemistry, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
| | - Ahmed Haider
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Weiwei Fang
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization
of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels
and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals
and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
| | - Nehal H. Elghazawy
- Department
of Pharmaceutical, Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy & Biotechnology, German University in Cairo, 11835 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jian Rong
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Jiahui Chen
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Yinlong Li
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Chongzhao Ran
- Athinoula
A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Thomas L. Collier
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
| | - Zhen Chen
- Jiangsu
Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest
Resources, Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for the Chemistry and Utilization
of Agro-Forest Biomass, Jiangsu Key Lab of Biomass-Based Green Fuels
and Chemicals, International Innovation Center for Forest Chemicals
and Materials, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210037, China
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
| | - Steven H. Liang
- Division
of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital
& Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical
School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, United States
- Department
of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory
University, 1364 Clifton Road, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, United States
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10
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Rahayel S, Tremblay C, Vo A, Misic B, Lehéricy S, Arnulf I, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Gagnon JF, Postuma RB, Montplaisir J, Lewis S, Matar E, Ehgoetz Martens K, Borghammer P, Knudsen K, Hansen AK, Monchi O, Gan-Or Z, Dagher A. Mitochondrial function-associated genes underlie cortical atrophy in prodromal synucleinopathies. Brain 2023; 146:3301-3318. [PMID: 36826230 PMCID: PMC10393413 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Isolated rapid eye movement sleep behaviour disorder (iRBD) is a sleep disorder characterized by the loss of rapid eye movement sleep muscle atonia and the appearance of abnormal movements and vocalizations during rapid eye movement sleep. It is a strong marker of incipient synucleinopathy such as dementia with Lewy bodies and Parkinson's disease. Patients with iRBD already show brain changes that are reminiscent of manifest synucleinopathies including brain atrophy. However, the mechanisms underlying the development of this atrophy remain poorly understood. In this study, we performed cutting-edge imaging transcriptomics and comprehensive spatial mapping analyses in a multicentric cohort of 171 polysomnography-confirmed iRBD patients [67.7 ± 6.6 (49-87) years; 83% men] and 238 healthy controls [66.6 ± 7.9 (41-88) years; 77% men] with T1-weighted MRI to investigate the gene expression and connectivity patterns associated with changes in cortical thickness and surface area in iRBD. Partial least squares regression was performed to identify the gene expression patterns underlying cortical changes in iRBD. Gene set enrichment analysis and virtual histology were then done to assess the biological processes, cellular components, human disease gene terms, and cell types enriched in these gene expression patterns. We then used structural and functional neighbourhood analyses to assess whether the atrophy patterns in iRBD were constrained by the brain's structural and functional connectome. Moreover, we used comprehensive spatial mapping analyses to assess the specific neurotransmitter systems, functional networks, cytoarchitectonic classes, and cognitive brain systems associated with cortical changes in iRBD. All comparisons were tested against null models that preserved spatial autocorrelation between brain regions and compared to Alzheimer's disease to assess the specificity of findings to synucleinopathies. We found that genes involved in mitochondrial function and macroautophagy were the strongest contributors to the cortical thinning occurring in iRBD. Moreover, we demonstrated that cortical thinning was constrained by the brain's structural and functional connectome and that it mapped onto specific networks involved in motor and planning functions. In contrast with cortical thickness, changes in cortical surface area were related to distinct genes, namely genes involved in the inflammatory response, and to different spatial mapping patterns. The gene expression and connectivity patterns associated with iRBD were all distinct from those observed in Alzheimer's disease. In summary, this study demonstrates that the development of brain atrophy in synucleinopathies is constrained by specific genes and networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shady Rahayel
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal H4J 1C5, Canada
| | - Christina Tremblay
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Andrew Vo
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lehéricy
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Isabelle Arnulf
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Marie Vidailhet
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Corvol
- Institut du Cerveau–Paris Brain Institute–ICM, INSERM, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, Paris 75013, France
| | - Jean-François Gagnon
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychology, University of Quebec in Montreal, Montreal H2X 3P2, Canada
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal H3W 1W5, Canada
| | - Ronald B Postuma
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Neurology, Montreal General Hospital, Montreal H3G 1A4, Canada
| | - Jacques Montplaisir
- Centre for Advanced Research in Sleep Medicine, Hôpital du Sacré-Cœur de Montréal, Montreal H4J 1C5, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Montreal, Montreal H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Simon Lewis
- ForeFront Parkinson’s Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Elie Matar
- ForeFront Parkinson’s Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Kaylena Ehgoetz Martens
- ForeFront Parkinson’s Disease Research Clinic, Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Karoline Knudsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Allan K Hansen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus DK-8200, Denmark
| | - Oury Monchi
- Research Centre, Institut universitaire de gériatrie de Montréal, Montreal H3W 1W5, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Radio-Oncology, and Nuclear Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal H3T 1A4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada
- Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal H3A 0C7, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital), McGill University, Montreal H3A 2B4, Canada
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal H3A 1A1, Canada
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11
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Bazinet V, Hansen JY, Vos de Wael R, Bernhardt BC, van den Heuvel MP, Misic B. Assortative mixing in micro-architecturally annotated brain connectomes. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2850. [PMID: 37202416 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38585-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The wiring of the brain connects micro-architecturally diverse neuronal populations, but the conventional graph model, which encodes macroscale brain connectivity as a network of nodes and edges, abstracts away the rich biological detail of each regional node. Here, we annotate connectomes with multiple biological attributes and formally study assortative mixing in annotated connectomes. Namely, we quantify the tendency for regions to be connected based on the similarity of their micro-architectural attributes. We perform all experiments using four cortico-cortical connectome datasets from three different species, and consider a range of molecular, cellular, and laminar annotations. We show that mixing between micro-architecturally diverse neuronal populations is supported by long-distance connections and find that the arrangement of connections with respect to biological annotations is associated to patterns of regional functional specialization. By bridging scales of cortical organization, from microscale attributes to macroscale connectivity, this work lays the foundation for next-generation annotated connectomics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Bazinet
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Justine Y Hansen
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Reinder Vos de Wael
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Boris C Bernhardt
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada
| | - Martijn P van den Heuvel
- Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Canada.
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12
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Luppi AI, Singleton SP, Hansen JY, Bzdok D, Kuceyeski A, Betzel RF, Misic B. Transitions between cognitive topographies: contributions of network structure, neuromodulation, and disease. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.03.16.532981. [PMID: 36993597 PMCID: PMC10055141 DOI: 10.1101/2023.03.16.532981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of neural activity underlie human cognition. Transitions between these patterns are orchestrated by the brain's network architecture. What are the mechanisms linking network structure to cognitively relevant activation patterns? Here we implement principles of network control to investigate how the architecture of the human connectome shapes transitions between 123 experimentally defined cognitive activation maps (cognitive topographies) from the NeuroSynth meta-analytic engine. We also systematically incorporate neurotransmitter receptor density maps (18 receptors and transporters) and disease-related cortical abnormality maps (11 neurodegenerative, psychiatric and neurodevelopmental diseases; N = 17 000 patients, N = 22 000 controls). Integrating large-scale multimodal neuroimaging data from functional MRI, diffusion tractography, cortical morphometry, and positron emission tomography, we simulate how anatomically-guided transitions between cognitive states can be reshaped by pharmacological or pathological perturbation. Our results provide a comprehensive look-up table charting how brain network organisation and chemoarchitecture interact to manifest different cognitive topographies. This computational framework establishes a principled foundation for systematically identifying novel ways to promote selective transitions between desired cognitive topographies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea I. Luppi
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | - Justine Y. Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Danilo Bzdok
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- MILA, Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Amy Kuceyeski
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - Richard F. Betzel
- Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, U.S.A
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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13
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Calakos KC, Hillmer AT, Anderson JM, LeVasseur B, Baldassarri SR, Angarita GA, Matuskey D, Kapinos M, Zheng MQ, Huang Y, Cosgrove KP. Cholinergic system adaptations are associated with cognitive function in people recently abstinent from smoking: a (-)-[ 18F]flubatine PET study. Neuropsychopharmacology 2023; 48:683-689. [PMID: 36681758 PMCID: PMC9938267 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-023-01535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
The cholinergic system is a critical mediator of cognition in animals. People who smoke cigarettes exhibit cognitive deficits, especially during quit attempts. Few studies jointly examine the cholinergic system and cognition in people while trying to quit smoking. We used positron emission tomography (PET) brain imaging with the β2-subunit containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (β2*-nAChR) partial agonist radioligand (-)-[18F]flubatine and the acetylcholinesterase inhibitor physostigmine to jointly examine the cholinergic system, smoking status, and cognition. (-)-[18F]Flubatine scans and cognitive data were acquired from twenty people who recently stopped smoking cigarettes (aged 38 ± 11 years; 6 female, 14 male; abstinent 7 ± 1 days) and 27 people who never smoked cigarettes (aged 29 ± 8 years; 11 female, 16 male). A subset of fifteen recently abstinent smokers and 21 never smokers received a mid-scan physostigmine challenge to increase acetylcholine levels. Regional volume of distribution (VT) was estimated with equilibrium analysis at "baseline" and post-physostigmine. Participants completed a cognitive battery prior to (-)-[18F]flubatine injection and physostigmine administration assessing executive function (Groton Maze Learning test), verbal learning (International Shopping List test), and working memory (One Back test). Physostigmine significantly decreased cortical (-)-[18F]flubatine VT, consistent with increased cortical acetylcholine levels reducing the number of β2*-nAChR sites available for (-)-[18F]flubatine binding, at comparable magnitudes across groups (p values < 0.05). A larger magnitude of physostigmine-induced decrease in (-)-[18F]flubatine VT was significantly associated with worse executive function in people who recently stopped smoking (p values < 0.05). These findings underscore the role of the cholinergic system in early smoking cessation and highlight the importance of neuroscience-informed treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katina C Calakos
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Brittany LeVasseur
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care Medicine, & Sleep Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program in Addiction Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - David Matuskey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale PET Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
- Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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14
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Pees A, Chassé M, Lindberg A, Vasdev N. Recent Developments in Carbon-11 Chemistry and Applications for First-In-Human PET Studies. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28030931. [PMID: 36770596 PMCID: PMC9920299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28030931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Positron emission tomography (PET) is a molecular imaging technique that makes use of radiolabelled molecules for in vivo evaluation. Carbon-11 is a frequently used radionuclide for the labelling of small molecule PET tracers and can be incorporated into organic molecules without changing their physicochemical properties. While the short half-life of carbon-11 (11C; t½ = 20.4 min) offers other advantages for imaging including multiple PET scans in the same subject on the same day, its use is limited to facilities that have an on-site cyclotron, and the radiochemical transformations are consequently more restrictive. Many researchers have embraced this challenge by discovering novel carbon-11 radiolabelling methodologies to broaden the synthetic versatility of this radionuclide. This review presents new carbon-11 building blocks and radiochemical transformations as well as PET tracers that have advanced to first-in-human studies over the past five years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pees
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Melissa Chassé
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Anton Lindberg
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Neil Vasdev
- Azrieli Centre for Neuro-Radiochemistry, Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Correspondence:
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15
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Whole-brain modeling explains the context-dependent effects of cholinergic neuromodulation. Neuroimage 2023; 265:119782. [PMID: 36464098 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Integration and segregation are two fundamental principles of brain organization. The brain manages the transitions and balance between different functional segregated or integrated states through neuromodulatory systems. Recently, computational and experimental studies suggest a pro-segregation effect of cholinergic neuromodulation. Here, we studied the effects of the cholinergic system on brain functional connectivity using both empirical fMRI data and computational modeling. First, we analyzed the effects of nicotine on functional connectivity and network topology in healthy subjects during resting-state conditions and during an attentional task. Then, we employed a whole-brain neural mass model interconnected using a human connectome to simulate the effects of nicotine and investigate causal mechanisms for these changes. The drug effect was modeled decreasing both the global coupling and local feedback inhibition parameters, consistent with the known cellular effects of acetylcholine. We found that nicotine incremented functional segregation in both empirical and simulated data, and the effects are context-dependent: observed during the task, but not in the resting state. In-task performance correlates with functional segregation, establishing a link between functional network topology and behavior. Furthermore, we found in the empirical data that the regional density of the nicotinic acetylcholine α4β2 correlates with the decrease in functional nodal strength by nicotine during the task. Our results confirm that cholinergic neuromodulation promotes functional segregation in a context-dependent fashion, and suggest that this segregation is suited for simple visual-attentional tasks.
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16
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Correspondence between gene expression and neurotransmitter receptor and transporter density in the human brain. Neuroimage 2022; 264:119671. [PMID: 36209794 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors modulate signaling between neurons. Thus, neurotransmitter receptors and transporters play a key role in shaping brain function. Due to the lack of comprehensive neurotransmitter receptor/transporter density datasets, microarray gene expression measuring mRNA transcripts is often used as a proxy for receptor densities. In the present report, we comprehensively test the spatial correlation between gene expression and protein density for a total of 27 neurotransmitter receptors, receptor binding-sites, and transporters across 9 different neurotransmitter systems, using both PET and autoradiography radioligand-based imaging modalities. We find poor spatial correspondences between gene expression and density for all neurotransmitter receptors and transporters except four single-protein metabotropic receptors (5-HT1A, CB1, D2, and MOR). These expression-density associations are related to gene differential stability and can vary between cortical and subcortical structures. Altogether, we recommend using direct measures of receptor and transporter density when relating neurotransmitter systems to brain structure and function.
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17
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Hansen JY, Shafiei G, Markello RD, Smart K, Cox SML, Nørgaard M, Beliveau V, Wu Y, Gallezot JD, Aumont É, Servaes S, Scala SG, DuBois JM, Wainstein G, Bezgin G, Funck T, Schmitz TW, Spreng RN, Galovic M, Koepp MJ, Duncan JS, Coles JP, Fryer TD, Aigbirhio FI, McGinnity CJ, Hammers A, Soucy JP, Baillet S, Guimond S, Hietala J, Bedard MA, Leyton M, Kobayashi E, Rosa-Neto P, Ganz M, Knudsen GM, Palomero-Gallagher N, Shine JM, Carson RE, Tuominen L, Dagher A, Misic B. Mapping neurotransmitter systems to the structural and functional organization of the human neocortex. Nat Neurosci 2022; 25:1569-1581. [PMID: 36303070 PMCID: PMC9630096 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-022-01186-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Neurotransmitter receptors support the propagation of signals in the human brain. How receptor systems are situated within macro-scale neuroanatomy and how they shape emergent function remain poorly understood, and there exists no comprehensive atlas of receptors. Here we collate positron emission tomography data from more than 1,200 healthy individuals to construct a whole-brain three-dimensional normative atlas of 19 receptors and transporters across nine different neurotransmitter systems. We found that receptor profiles align with structural connectivity and mediate function, including neurophysiological oscillatory dynamics and resting-state hemodynamic functional connectivity. Using the Neurosynth cognitive atlas, we uncovered a topographic gradient of overlapping receptor distributions that separates extrinsic and intrinsic psychological processes. Finally, we found both expected and novel associations between receptor distributions and cortical abnormality patterns across 13 disorders. We replicated all findings in an independently collected autoradiography dataset. This work demonstrates how chemoarchitecture shapes brain structure and function, providing a new direction for studying multi-scale brain organization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ross D Markello
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sylvia M L Cox
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Martin Nørgaard
- Department of Psychology, Center for Reproducible Neuroscience, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Vincent Beliveau
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Yanjun Wu
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jean-Dominique Gallezot
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Étienne Aumont
- Cognitive Pharmacology Research Unit, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Stijn Servaes
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Gleb Bezgin
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Thomas Funck
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Taylor W Schmitz
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - R Nathan Spreng
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marian Galovic
- Department of Neurology, Clinical Neuroscience Center, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - Matthias J Koepp
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - John S Duncan
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- MRI Unit, Chalfont Centre for Epilepsy, Chalfont Saint Peter, UK
| | - Jonathan P Coles
- Department of Medicine, Division of Anaesthesia, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tim D Fryer
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franklin I Aigbirhio
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wolfson Brain Imaging Centre, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Colm J McGinnity
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Alexander Hammers
- King's College London and Guy's and St. Thomas' PET Centre, Division of Imaging Sciences and Biomedical Engineering, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Jean-Paul Soucy
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Synthia Guimond
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychoeducation and Psychology, University of Quebec in Outaouais, Gatineau, QC, Canada
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Marc-André Bedard
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Cognitive Pharmacology Research Unit, UQAM, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Marco Leyton
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Eliane Kobayashi
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Pedro Rosa-Neto
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- McGill University Research Centre for Studies in Aging, Douglas Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Melanie Ganz
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Gitte M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Cimbi & OpenNeuroPET, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nicola Palomero-Gallagher
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM-1), Research Centre Jülich, Jülich, Germany
- C. and O. Vogt Institute for Brain Research, Medical Faculty, University Hospital Düsseldorf, Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - James M Shine
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lauri Tuominen
- Department of Psychiatry, Royal's Institute of Mental Health Research, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Alain Dagher
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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18
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Markello RD, Hansen JY, Liu ZQ, Bazinet V, Shafiei G, Suárez LE, Blostein N, Seidlitz J, Baillet S, Satterthwaite TD, Chakravarty MM, Raznahan A, Misic B. neuromaps: structural and functional interpretation of brain maps. Nat Methods 2022; 19:1472-1479. [PMID: 36203018 PMCID: PMC9636018 DOI: 10.1038/s41592-022-01625-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Imaging technologies are increasingly used to generate high-resolution reference maps of brain structure and function. Comparing experimentally generated maps to these reference maps facilitates cross-disciplinary scientific discovery. Although recent data sharing initiatives increase the accessibility of brain maps, data are often shared in disparate coordinate systems, precluding systematic and accurate comparisons. Here we introduce neuromaps, a toolbox for accessing, transforming and analyzing structural and functional brain annotations. We implement functionalities for generating high-quality transformations between four standard coordinate systems. The toolbox includes curated reference maps and biological ontologies of the human brain, such as molecular, microstructural, electrophysiological, developmental and functional ontologies. Robust quantitative assessment of map-to-map similarity is enabled via a suite of spatial autocorrelation-preserving null models. neuromaps combines open-access data with transparent functionality for standardizing and comparing brain maps, providing a systematic workflow for comprehensive structural and functional annotation enrichment analysis of the human brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ross D Markello
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Justine Y Hansen
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Zhen-Qi Liu
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Vincent Bazinet
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Laura E Suárez
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadia Blostein
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jakob Seidlitz
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sylvain Baillet
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Theodore D Satterthwaite
- Lifespan Informatics and Neuroimaging Center, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- Cerebral Imaging Center, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Armin Raznahan
- Section of Developmental Neurogenomics, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bratislav Misic
- Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, Quebec, Canada.
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19
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Hansen JY, Shafiei G, Vogel JW, Smart K, Bearden CE, Hoogman M, Franke B, van Rooij D, Buitelaar J, McDonald CR, Sisodiya SM, Schmaal L, Veltman DJ, van den Heuvel OA, Stein DJ, van Erp TGM, Ching CRK, Andreassen OA, Hajek T, Opel N, Modinos G, Aleman A, van der Werf Y, Jahanshad N, Thomopoulos SI, Thompson PM, Carson RE, Dagher A, Misic B. Local molecular and global connectomic contributions to cross-disorder cortical abnormalities. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4682. [PMID: 35948562 PMCID: PMC9365855 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32420-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous brain disorders demonstrate structural brain abnormalities, which are thought to arise from molecular perturbations or connectome miswiring. The unique and shared contributions of these molecular and connectomic vulnerabilities to brain disorders remain unknown, and has yet to be studied in a single multi-disorder framework. Using MRI morphometry from the ENIGMA consortium, we construct maps of cortical abnormalities for thirteen neurodevelopmental, neurological, and psychiatric disorders from N = 21,000 participants and N = 26,000 controls, collected using a harmonised processing protocol. We systematically compare cortical maps to multiple micro-architectural measures, including gene expression, neurotransmitter density, metabolism, and myelination (molecular vulnerability), as well as global connectomic measures including number of connections, centrality, and connection diversity (connectomic vulnerability). We find a relationship between molecular vulnerability and white-matter architecture that drives cortical disorder profiles. Local attributes, particularly neurotransmitter receptor profiles, constitute the best predictors of both disorder-specific cortical morphology and cross-disorder similarity. Finally, we find that cross-disorder abnormalities are consistently subtended by a small subset of network epicentres in bilateral sensory-motor, inferior temporal lobe, precuneus, and superior parietal cortex. Collectively, our results highlight how local molecular attributes and global connectivity jointly shape cross-disorder cortical abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Y Hansen
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Golia Shafiei
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Jacob W Vogel
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kelly Smart
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carrie E Bearden
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Psychology, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martine Hoogman
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Franke
- Departments of Psychiatry and Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daan van Rooij
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Buitelaar
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carrie R McDonald
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sanjay M Sisodiya
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Epilepsy, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, WC1N 3BG, UK
| | - Lianne Schmaal
- Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Odile A van den Heuvel
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dan J Stein
- SA MRC Unit on Risk & Resilience in Mental Disorders, Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Theo G M van Erp
- Clinical Translational Neuroscience Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, & Center for the Neurobiology of Leaning and Memory, University of California Irvine, 309 Qureshey Research Lab, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher R K Ching
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ole A Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo and Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tomas Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Nils Opel
- Institute of Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany & Department of Psychiatry, Jena University Hospital/Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Gemma Modinos
- Department of Psychosis Studies & MRC Centre for Neurodevelopmental Disorders, King's College London, London, UK
| | - André Aleman
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ysbrand van der Werf
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Neda Jahanshad
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sophia I Thomopoulos
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Paul M Thompson
- Keck School of Medicine, Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Alain Dagher
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Bratislav Misic
- McConnell Brain Imaging Centre, Montréal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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20
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A review on pathology, mechanism, and therapy for cerebellum and tremor in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:82. [PMID: 35750692 PMCID: PMC9232614 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00347-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tremor is one of the core symptoms of Parkinson’s disease (PD), but its mechanism is poorly understood. The cerebellum is a growing focus in PD-related researches and is reported to play an important role in tremor in PD. The cerebellum may participate in the modulation of tremor amplitude via cerebello-thalamo-cortical circuits. The cerebellar excitatory projections to the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus may be enhanced due to PD-related changes, including dopaminergic/non-dopaminergic system abnormality, white matter damage, and deep nuclei impairment, which may contribute to dysregulation and resistance to levodopa of tremor. This review summarized the pathological, structural, and functional changes of the cerebellum in PD and discussed the role of the cerebellum in PD-related tremor, aiming to provide an overview of the cerebellum-related mechanism of tremor in PD.
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21
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Tiepolt S, Meyer PM, Patt M, Deuther-Conrad W, Hesse S, Barthel H, Sabri O. PET Imaging of Cholinergic Neurotransmission in Neurodegenerative Disorders. J Nucl Med 2022; 63:33S-44S. [PMID: 35649648 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.121.263198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
As a neuromodulator, the neurotransmitter acetylcholine plays an important role in cognitive, mood, locomotor, sleep/wake, and olfactory functions. In the pathophysiology of most neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) or Lewy body disorder (LBD), cholinergic receptors, transporters, or enzymes are involved and relevant as imaging targets. The aim of this review is to summarize current knowledge on PET imaging of cholinergic neurotransmission in neurodegenerative diseases. For PET imaging of presynaptic vesicular acetylcholine transporters (VAChT), (-)-18F-fluoroethoxybenzovesamicol (18F-FEOBV) was the first PET ligand that could be successfully translated to clinical application. Since then, the number of 18F-FEOBV PET investigations on patients with AD or LBD has grown rapidly and provided novel, important findings concerning the pathophysiology of AD and LBD. Regarding the α4β2 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), various second-generation PET ligands, such as 18F-nifene, 18F-AZAN, 18F-XTRA, (-)-18F-flubatine, and (+)-18F-flubatine, were developed and successfully translated to human application. In neurodegenerative diseases such as AD and LBD, PET imaging of α4β2 nAChRs is of special value for monitoring disease progression and drugs directed to α4β2 nAChRs. For PET of α7 nAChR, 18F-ASEM and 11C-MeQAA were successfully applied in mild cognitive impairment and AD, respectively. The highest potential for α7 nAChR PET is seen in staging, in evaluating disease progression, and in therapy monitoring. PET of selective muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) is still in an early stage, as the development of subtype-selective radioligands is complicated. Promising radioligands to image mAChR subtypes M1 (11C-LSN3172176), M2 (18F-FP-TZTP), and M4 (11C-MK-6884) were developed and successfully translated to humans. PET imaging of mAChRs is relevant for the assessment and monitoring of therapies in AD and LBD. PET of acetylcholine esterase activity has been investigated since the 1990s. Many PET studies with 11C-PMP and 11C-MP4A demonstrated cortical cholinergic dysfunction in dementia associated with AD and LBD. Recent studies indicated a solid relationship between subcortical and cortical cholinergic dysfunction and noncognitive dysfunctions such as balance and gait in LBD. Taken together, PET of distinct components of cholinergic neurotransmission is of great interest for diagnosis, disease monitoring, and therapy monitoring and to gain insight into the pathophysiology of different neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solveig Tiepolt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Philipp M Meyer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Marianne Patt
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | | | - Swen Hesse
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Henryk Barthel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - Osama Sabri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
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22
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Pomilio AB, Vitale AA, Lazarowski AJ. Neuroproteomics Chip-Based Mass Spectrometry and Other Techniques for Alzheimer´S Disease Biomarkers – Update. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:1124-1151. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220413094918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease of growing interest given that there is cognitive damage and symptom onset acceleration. Therefore, it is important to find AD biomarkers for early diagnosis, disease progression, and discrimination of AD and other diseases.
Objective:
To update the relevance of mass spectrometry for the identification of peptides and proteins involved in AD useful as discriminating biomarkers.
Methods:
Proteomics and peptidomics technologies that show the highest possible specificity and selectivity for AD biomarkers are analyzed, together with the biological fluids used. In addition to positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry is widely used to identify proteins and peptides involved in AD. The use of protein chips in SELDI technology and electroblotting chips for peptides makes feasible small amounts (L) of samples for analysis.
Results:
Suitable biomarkers are related to AD pathology, such as intracellular neurofibrillary tangles; extraneuronal senile plaques; neuronal and axonal degeneration; inflammation and oxidative stress. Recently, peptides were added to the candidate list, which are not amyloid-b or tau fragments, but are related to coagulation, brain plasticity, and complement/neuroinflammation systems involving the neurovascular unit.
Conclusion:
The progress made in the application of mass spectrometry and recent chip techniques is promising for discriminating between AD, mild cognitive impairment, and matched healthy controls. The application of this technique to blood samples from patients with AD has shown to be less invasive and fast enough to determine the diagnosis, stage of the disease, prognosis, and follow-up of the therapeutic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia B. Pomilio
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Hematología, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Arturo A. Vitale
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Área Hematología, Hospital de Clínicas “José de San Martín”, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alberto J. Lazarowski
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Instituto de Fisiopatología y Bioquímica Clínica (INFIBIOC), Universidad de Buenos Aires, Córdoba 2351, C1120AAF Buenos Aires, Argentina
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23
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Zheng C, Holden D, Zheng MQ, Pracitto R, Wilcox KC, Lindemann M, Felchner Z, Zhang L, Tong J, Fowles K, Finnema SJ, Nabulsi N, Carson RE, Huang Y, Cai Z. A metabolically stable PET tracer for imaging synaptic vesicle protein 2A: synthesis and preclinical characterization of [ 18F]SDM-16. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2022; 49:1482-1496. [PMID: 34761284 PMCID: PMC8940841 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-021-05597-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To quantify the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A (SV2A) changes in the whole central nervous system (CNS) under pathophysiological conditions, a high affinity SV2A PET radiotracer with improved in vivo stability is desirable to minimize the potential confounding effect of radiometabolites. The aim of this study was to develop such a PET tracer based on the molecular scaffold of UCB-A, and evaluate its pharmacokinetics, in vivo stability, specific binding, and nonspecific binding signals in nonhuman primate brains, in comparison with [11C]UCB-A, [11C]UCB-J, and [18F]SynVesT-1. METHODS The racemic SDM-16 (4-(3,5-difluorophenyl)-1-((2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-yl)methyl)pyrrolidin-2-one) and its two enantiomers were synthesized and assayed for in vitro binding affinities to human SV2A. We synthesized the enantiopure [18F]SDM-16 using the corresponding enantiopure arylstannane precursor. Nonhuman primate brain PET scans were performed on FOCUS 220 scanners. Arterial blood was drawn for the measurement of plasma free fraction (fP), radiometabolite analysis, and construction of the plasma input function. Regional time-activity curves (TACs) were fitted with the one-tissue compartment (1TC) model to obtain the volume of distribution (VT). Nondisplaceable binding potential (BPND) was calculated using either the nondisplaceable volume of distribution (VND) or the centrum semiovale (CS) as the reference region. RESULTS SDM-16 was synthesized in 3 steps with 44% overall yield and has the highest affinity (Ki = 0.9 nM) to human SV2A among all reported SV2A ligands. [18F]SDM-16 was prepared in about 20% decay-corrected radiochemical yield within 90 min, with greater than 99% radiochemical and enantiomeric purity. This radiotracer displayed high specific binding in monkey brains and was metabolically more stable than the other SV2A PET tracers. The fP of [18F]SDM-16 was 69%, which was higher than those of [11C]UCB-J (46%), [18F]SynVesT-1 (43%), [18F]SynVesT-2 (41%), and [18F]UCB-H (43%). The TACs were well described with the 1TC. The averaged test-retest variability (TRV) was 7 ± 3%, and averaged absolute TRV (aTRV) was 14 ± 7% for the analyzed brain regions. CONCLUSION We have successfully synthesized a novel SV2A PET tracer [18F]SDM-16, which has the highest SV2A binding affinity and metabolical stability among published SV2A PET tracers. The [18F]SDM-16 brain PET images showed superb contrast between gray matter and white matter. Moreover, [18F]SDM-16 showed high specific and reversible binding in the NHP brains, allowing for the reliable and sensitive quantification of SV2A, and has potential applications in the visualization and quantification of SV2A beyond the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Daniel Holden
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Ming-Qiang Zheng
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard Pracitto
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Kyle C Wilcox
- Translational Imaging, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Marcel Lindemann
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zachary Felchner
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Jie Tong
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Krista Fowles
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Sjoerd J Finnema
- Translational Imaging, AbbVie Inc, North Chicago, IL, 60064, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Zhengxin Cai
- PET Center, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA.
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24
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Stuke H. Markers of muscarinic deficit for individualized treatment in schizophrenia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:1100030. [PMID: 36699495 PMCID: PMC9868756 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.1100030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent clinical studies have shown that agonists at muscarinic acetylcholine receptors effectively reduce schizophrenia symptoms. It is thus conceivable that, for the first time, a second substance class of procholinergic antipsychotics could become established alongside the usual antidopaminergic antipsychotics. In addition, various basic science studies suggest that there may be a subgroup of schizophrenia in which hypofunction of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors is of etiological importance. This could represent a major opportunity for individualized treatment of schizophrenia if markers can be identified that predict response to procholinergic vs. antidopaminergic interventions. In this perspective, non-response to antidopaminergic antipsychotics, specific symptom patterns like visual hallucinations and strong disorganization, the presence of antimuscarinic antibodies, ERP markers such as mismatch negativity, and radiotracers are presented as possible in vivo markers of muscarinic deficit and thus potentially of response to procholinergic therapeutics. Finally, open questions and further research steps are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiner Stuke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Berlin Institute of Health at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, BIH Biomedical Innovation Academy, Berlin, Germany
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25
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McPartland JC, Lerner MD, Bhat A, Clarkson T, Jack A, Koohsari S, Matuskey D, McQuaid GA, Su WC, Trevisan DA. Looking Back at the Next 40 Years of ASD Neuroscience Research. J Autism Dev Disord 2021; 51:4333-4353. [PMID: 34043128 PMCID: PMC8542594 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-021-05095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
During the last 40 years, neuroscience has become one of the most central and most productive approaches to investigating autism. In this commentary, we assemble a group of established investigators and trainees to review key advances and anticipated developments in neuroscience research across five modalities most commonly employed in autism research: magnetic resonance imaging, functional near infrared spectroscopy, positron emission tomography, electroencephalography, and transcranial magnetic stimulation. Broadly, neuroscience research has provided important insights into brain systems involved in autism but not yet mechanistic understanding. Methodological advancements are expected to proffer deeper understanding of neural circuitry associated with function and dysfunction during the next 40 years.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew D Lerner
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
| | - Anjana Bhat
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Tessa Clarkson
- Department of Psychology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison Jack
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Sheida Koohsari
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - David Matuskey
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Neurology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Goldie A McQuaid
- Department of Psychology, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA
| | - Wan-Chun Su
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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26
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Lam MTY, Duttke SH, Odish MF, Le HD, Hansen EA, Nguyen CT, Trescott S, Kim R, Deota S, Chang MW, Patel A, Hepokoski M, Alotaibi M, Rolfsen M, Perofsky K, Warden AS, Foley J, Ramirez SI, Dan JM, Abbott RK, Crotty S, Crotty Alexander LE, Malhotra A, Panda S, Benner CW, Coufal NG. Profiling Transcription Initiation in Peripheral Leukocytes Reveals Severity-Associated Cis-Regulatory Elements in Critical COVID-19. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2021:2021.08.24.457187. [PMID: 34462742 DOI: 10.1101/2021.10.28.466336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of transcription factors (TFs) and gene regulatory programs in the immune response to COVID-19 and their relationship to disease outcome is not fully understood. Analysis of genome-wide changes in transcription at both promoter-proximal and distal cis-regulatory DNA elements, collectively termed the 'active cistrome,' offers an unbiased assessment of TF activity identifying key pathways regulated in homeostasis or disease. Here, we profiled the active cistrome from peripheral leukocytes of critically ill COVID-19 patients to identify major regulatory programs and their dynamics during SARS-CoV-2 associated acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We identified TF motifs that track the severity of COVID- 19 lung injury, disease resolution, and outcome. We used unbiased clustering to reveal distinct cistrome subsets delineating the regulation of pathways, cell types, and the combinatorial activity of TFs. We found critical roles for regulatory networks driven by stimulus and lineage determining TFs, showing that STAT and E2F/MYB regulatory programs targeting myeloid cells are activated in patients with poor disease outcomes and associated with single nucleotide genetic variants implicated in COVID-19 susceptibility. Integration with single-cell RNA-seq found that STAT and E2F/MYB activation converged in specific neutrophils subset found in patients with severe disease. Collectively we demonstrate that cistrome analysis facilitates insight into disease mechanisms and provides an unbiased approach to evaluate global changes in transcription factor activity and stratify patient disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Tun Yin Lam
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sascha H Duttke
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Mazen F Odish
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Hiep D Le
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Emily A Hansen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Celina T Nguyen
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Samantha Trescott
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Roy Kim
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Shaunak Deota
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Max W Chang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arjun Patel
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Mark Hepokoski
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Mona Alotaibi
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Mark Rolfsen
- Internal Medicine Residency Program, Department of Medicine, UC San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Perofsky
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
| | - Anna S Warden
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Sydney I Ramirez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
| | - Jennifer M Dan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
| | - Robert K Abbott
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
- Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development (CHVAD), The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Shane Crotty
- Center for Infectious Diseases and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA
| | - Laura E Crotty Alexander
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA USA
| | - Satchidananda Panda
- Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Salk Institute of Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Christopher W Benner
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Nicole G Coufal
- Sanford Consortium for Regenerative Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Rady Children's Hospital, San Diego, CA
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27
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Ozenil M, Aronow J, Millard M, Langer T, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Pichler V. Update on PET Tracer Development for Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:530. [PMID: 34199622 PMCID: PMC8229778 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic cholinergic system regulates peripheral and central nervous system functions, and, thus, their potential as a therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative diseases is undoubted. A clinically applicable positron emission tomography (PET) tracer would facilitate the monitoring of disease progression, elucidate the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in disease development and would aid to clarify the diverse natural functions of mAChR regulation throughout the nervous system, which still are largely unresolved. Still, no mAChR PET tracer has yet found broad clinical application, which demands mAChR tracers with improved imaging properties. This paper reviews strategies of mAChR PET tracer design and summarizes the binding properties and preclinical evaluation of recent mAChR tracer candidates. Furthermore, this work identifies the current major challenges in mAChR PET tracer development and provides a perspective on future developments in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Jonas Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Marlon Millard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
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28
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Smart K, Naganawa M, Baldassarri SR, Nabulsi N, Ropchan J, Najafzadeh S, Gao H, Navarro A, Barth V, Esterlis I, Cosgrove KP, Huang Y, Carson RE, Hillmer AT. PET Imaging Estimates of Regional Acetylcholine Concentration Variation in Living Human Brain. Cereb Cortex 2021; 31:2787-2798. [PMID: 33442731 PMCID: PMC8355478 DOI: 10.1093/cercor/bhaa387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetylcholine (ACh) has distinct functional roles in striatum compared with cortex, and imbalance between these systems may contribute to neuropsychiatric disease. Preclinical studies indicate markedly higher ACh concentrations in the striatum. The goal of this work was to leverage positron emission tomography (PET) imaging estimates of drug occupancy at cholinergic receptors to explore ACh variation across the human brain, because these measures can be influenced by competition with endogenous neurotransmitter. PET scans were analyzed from healthy human volunteers (n = 4) and nonhuman primates (n = 2) scanned with the M1-selective radiotracer [11C]LSN3172176 in the presence of muscarinic antagonist scopolamine, and human volunteers (n = 10) scanned with the α4β2* nicotinic ligand (-)-[18F]flubatine during nicotine challenge. In all cases, occupancy estimates within striatal regions were consistently lower (M1/scopolamine human scans, 31 ± 3.4% occupancy in striatum, 43 ± 2.9% in extrastriatal regions, p = 0.0094; nonhuman primate scans, 42 ± 26% vs. 69 ± 28%, p < 0.0001; α4β2*/nicotine scans, 67 ± 15% vs. 74 ± 16%, p = 0.0065), indicating higher striatal ACh concentration. Subject-level measures of these concentration differences were estimated, and whole-brain images of regional ACh concentration gradients were generated. These results constitute the first in vivo estimates of regional variation in ACh concentration in the living brain and offer a novel experimental method to assess potential ACh imbalances in clinical populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Smart
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Mika Naganawa
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Stephen R Baldassarri
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Nabeel Nabulsi
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Jim Ropchan
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | | | - Hong Gao
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | | | | | - Irina Esterlis
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Kelly P Cosgrove
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Yiyun Huang
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
| | - Richard E Carson
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Ansel T Hillmer
- Yale PET Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Department of Radiology & Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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29
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Bao W, Xie F, Zuo C, Guan Y, Huang YH. PET Neuroimaging of Alzheimer's Disease: Radiotracers and Their Utility in Clinical Research. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:624330. [PMID: 34025386 PMCID: PMC8134674 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.624330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the leading cause of senile dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder affecting millions of people worldwide and exerting tremendous socioeconomic burden on all societies. Although definitive diagnosis of AD is often made in the presence of clinical manifestations in late stages, it is now universally believed that AD is a continuum of disease commencing from the preclinical stage with typical neuropathological alterations appearing decades prior to its first symptom, to the prodromal stage with slight symptoms of amnesia (amnestic mild cognitive impairment, aMCI), and then to the terminal stage with extensive loss of basic cognitive functions, i.e., AD-dementia. Positron emission tomography (PET) radiotracers have been developed in a search to meet the increasing clinical need of early detection and treatment monitoring for AD, with reference to the pathophysiological targets in Alzheimer's brain. These include the pathological aggregations of misfolded proteins such as β-amyloid (Aβ) plagues and neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), impaired neurotransmitter system, neuroinflammation, as well as deficient synaptic vesicles and glucose utilization. In this article we survey the various PET radiotracers available for AD imaging and discuss their clinical applications especially in terms of early detection and cognitive relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiqi Bao
- PET Center, Huanshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Xie
- PET Center, Huanshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chuantao Zuo
- PET Center, Huanshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Guan
- PET Center, Huanshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiyun Henry Huang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, PET Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
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30
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Sowa Dumond AR, Gross HK, Bohnen NI, Kanel P, Müller MLTM, Koeppe RA, Kilbourn MR, Scott PJH. Classics in Neuroimaging: Imaging the Cholinergic System with Positron Emission Tomography. ACS Chem Neurosci 2021; 12:1472-1479. [PMID: 33890459 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.1c00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the earliest days of nuclear medicine, there has been interest in using PET and SPECT imaging to interrogate and quantify the cholinergic system. In this Viewpoint we highlight key milestones in the development of cholinergic imaging agents, including identification of radiopharmaceuticals targeting the receptors, transporters, and enzymes of the cholinergic synapse, as well as fundamental developments in the radiopharmaceutical sciences (e.g., cyclotron targetry, radiochemistry) that have enabled translation of the most promising agents into clinical use. We also provide an overview of the current state-of-the-art in cholinergic PET imaging, with an emphasis on radiotracers that are in human studies at PET centers around the world.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hailey K. Gross
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Nicolaas I. Bohnen
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
- Veterans Administration Ann Arbor Healthcare System, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48105, United States
| | - Prabesh Kanel
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | | | - Robert A. Koeppe
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Michael R. Kilbourn
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Peter J. H. Scott
- Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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