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Hug DOH, Kropf A, Amann MO, Koella JC, Verhulst NO. Unexpected behavioural adaptation of yellow fever mosquitoes in response to high temperatures. Sci Rep 2024; 14:3659. [PMID: 38351076 PMCID: PMC10864274 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54374-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a major ecological driver of mosquito-borne diseases as it influences the life-history of both the mosquito and the pathogen harboured within it. Understanding the mosquitoes' thermal biology is essential to inform risk prediction models of such diseases. Mosquitoes can respond to temperatures by microhabitat selection through thermal preference. However, it has not yet been considered that mosquitoes are likely to adapt to changing temperatures, for example during climate change, and alter their preference over evolutionary time. We investigated this by rearing six cohorts of the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti at two temperatures (24 °C, 30 °C) for 20 generations and used these cohorts to explicitly separate the effects of long-term evolution and within-generation acclimation on their thermal preferences in a thermal gradient of 20-35 °C. We found that warm-evolved mosquitoes spent 31.5% less time at high temperatures, which affects their efficiency as a vector. This study reveals the complex interplay of experimental evolution, rearing temperatures, and thermal preference in Ae. aegypti mosquitoes. It highlights the significance of incorporating mosquito microhabitat selection in disease transmission models, especially in the context of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- David O H Hug
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alida Kropf
- Laboratory of Ecology and Epidemiology of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Marine O Amann
- Laboratory of Ecology and Epidemiology of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Jacob C Koella
- Laboratory of Ecology and Epidemiology of Parasites, Institute of Biology, University of Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
| | - Niels O Verhulst
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Fyie LR, Westby KM, Meuti ME. Light pollution disrupts circadian clock gene expression in two mosquito vectors during their overwintering dormancy. Sci Rep 2024; 14:2398. [PMID: 38287057 PMCID: PMC10824765 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-52794-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Artificial light at night (ALAN) is an increasingly important form of environmental disturbance as it alters Light:Dark cycles that regulate daily and seasonal changes in physiology and phenology. The Northern house mosquito (Culex pipiens) and the tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus) enter an overwintering dormancy known as diapause that is cued by short days. These two species differ in diapause strategy: Cx. pipiens diapause as adult females while Ae. albopictus enter a maternally-programmed, egg diapause. Previous studies found that ALAN inhibits diapause in both species, but the mechanism is unknown. As the circadian clock is implicated in the regulation of diapause in many insects, we examined whether exposure to ALAN altered the daily expression of core circadian cloc genes (cycle, Clock, period, timeless, cryptochrome 1, cryptochrome 2, and Par domain protein 1) in these two species when reared under short-day, diapause-inducing conditions. We found that exposure to ALAN altered the abundance of several clock genes in adult females of both species, but that clock gene rhythmicity was maintained for most genes. ALAN also had little effect on clock gene abundance in mature oocytes that were dissected from female Ae. albopictus that were reared under short day conditions. Our findings indicate that ALAN may inhibit diapause initiation through the circadian clock in two medically-important mosquitoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia R Fyie
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA.
| | - Katie M Westby
- Tyson Research Center, Washington University in St. Louis, 6750 Tyson Valley Road, Eureka, MO, 63025, USA
| | - Megan E Meuti
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, 2021 Coffey Rd, Columbus, OH, 43210, USA
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Hochstrasser AL, Mathis A, Verhulst NO. Thermal preference of Culicoides biting midges in laboratory and semi-field settings. J Therm Biol 2024; 119:103783. [PMID: 38244238 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2024.103783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) are hematophagous insects, and some species can transmit a plethora of pathogens, e.g., bluetongue virus and African horse sickness virus, that mainly affect animals. The transmission of vector-borne pathogens is strongly temperature dependent, and recent studies pointed to the importance of including microclimatic data when modelling disease spread. However, little is known about the preferred temperature of biting midges. The present study addressed the thermal selection of field-caught Culicoides with two experiments. In a laboratory setup, sugar-fed or blood-fed midges were video tracked for 15 min while moving inside a 60 × 30 × 4 cm setup with a 15-25 °C temperature gradient. Culicoides spent over double the time in the coldest zone of the setup compared to the warmest one. This cold selection was significantly stronger for sugar-fed individuals. Calculated preferred temperatures were 18.3 °C and 18.9 °C for sugar-fed and blood-fed Culicoides, respectively. The effect of temperature on walking speed was significant but weak, indicating that their skewed distribution results from preference and not cold trapping. A second experiment consisted of a two-way-choice-setup, performed in a 90 × 45 × 45 cm net cage, placed outdoors in a sheltered environment. Two UV LED CDC traps were placed inside the setup, and a mean temperature difference of 2.2 °C was created between the two traps. Hundred-fifty Culicoides were released per experiment. Recapture rates were negatively correlated with ambient temperature and were on average three times higher in the cooled trap. The higher prevalence of biting midges in cooler environments influences fitness and ability to transmit pathogens and should be considered in models that predict Culicoides disease transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alec L Hochstrasser
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Mathis
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Niels O Verhulst
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Costanzo K, Occhino D. Effects of Temperature on Blood Feeding and Activity Levels in the Tiger Mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Insects 2023; 14:752. [PMID: 37754720 PMCID: PMC10531981 DOI: 10.3390/insects14090752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
Temperature has been shown to have profound effects on mosquito population dynamics and life history. Understanding these effects can provide insight into how mosquito populations and the diseases they transmit may vary across space and time and under the changes imposed by climate change. In this study, we evaluated how temperature affects the blood feeding and general activity patterns in the globally invasive mosquito species Aedes albopictus. We reared cohorts of Ae. albopictus from hatch through adulthood across three temperatures (26 °C, 29 °C, and 32 °C). The propensity of adult females to take a blood meal and the size of the blood meal were compared across temperatures. We also observed the overall activity levels of adult females over a 13.5 h period. At the highest temperature tested (32 °C), females were less likely to take a blood meal and were most active, as measured through frequency of movement. We postulate that our highest-temperature treatment imposes heat stress on adult female Ae. albopictus, where many abstain from blood feeding and increase movement in an attempt to escape the heat stress and find a more favorable resting location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie Costanzo
- Biology Department, Canisius University, 2001 Main St., Buffalo, NY 14208, USA;
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Ziegler R, Blanckenhorn WU, Mathis A, Verhulst NO. Temperature preference of sugar- or blood-fed Aedes japonicus mosquitoes under semi-natural conditions. J Therm Biol 2023; 114:103592. [PMID: 37210983 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2023.103592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases pose a major burden on humans and animals. Temperature strongly influences the physiology and life cycle of mosquitoes and also the pathogens they transmit. Thermoregulatory behaviour of mosquitoes has been addressed in a few laboratory studies. Here, we expand such studies by investigating the thermal preference when resting of Aedes japonicus, an invasive and putative vector species of many pathogens, in a semi-field setup during summers in a temperate climate. Blood-fed or sugar-fed Ae. japonicus females were released in the late afternoon in a large outdoor cage containing three resting boxes. The next morning, temperature treatments were applied to the boxes, creating a "cool" (over all experiments around 18 °C), and a "warm" (around 35 °C) microhabitat in addition to an untreated "ambient" (around 26 °C) one. The mosquitoes resting within the three boxes were counted five times, every 2 h between 9h and 17h. The highest proportions of mosquitoes (e.g. up to 21% of blood-fed ones) were found in the cool box while both blood-fed and sugar-fed mosquitoes avoided the warm box. The mean resting temperatures of Ae. japonicus were below the ambient temperatures measured by a nearby meteorological station, and this was more pronounced at higher outdoor temperatures and in blood-fed as compared to sugar-fed mosquitoes. Thus, over all experiments with blood-fed mosquitoes, the calculated average resting temperature was 4 °C below the outdoor temperature. As mosquitoes prefer cooler resting places than temperatures measured by weather stations in summer, models to predict mosquito-borne disease outbreaks need to account for the thermoregulatory behaviour of mosquitoes, especially in the wake of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaela Ziegler
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Wolf U Blanckenhorn
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Alexander Mathis
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
| | - Niels O Verhulst
- National Centre for Vector Entomology, Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse and Medical Faculty, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstrasse 266a, 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Maïga H, Lu D, Mamai W, Bimbilé Somda NS, Wallner T, Bakhoum MT, Bueno Masso O, Martina C, Kotla SS, Yamada H, Salvador Herranz G, Argiles Herrero R, Chong CS, Tan CH, Bouyer J. Standardization of the FAO/IAEA Flight Test for Quality Control of Sterile Mosquitoes. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:876675. [PMID: 35923573 PMCID: PMC9341283 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.876675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Successful implementation of the sterile insect technique (SIT) against Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus relies on maintaining a consistent release of high-quality sterile males. Affordable, rapid, practical quality control tools based on the male’s flight ability (ability to escape from a flight device) may contribute to meeting this requirement. Therefore, this study aims to standardize the use of the original FAO/IAEA rapid quality control flight test device (FTD) (version 1.0), while improving handling conditions and reducing the device’s overall cost by assessing factors that could impact the subsequent flight ability of Aedes mosquitoes. The new FTD (version 1.1) is easier to use. The most important factors affecting escape rates were found to be tube color (or “shade”), the combined use of a lure and fan, mosquito species, and mosquito age and density (25; 50; 75; 100 males). Other factors measured but found to be less important were the duration of the test (30, 60, 90, 120 min), fan speed (normal 3000 rpm vs. high 6000 rpm), and mosquito strain origin. In addition, a cheaper version of the FTD (version 2.0) that holds eight individual tubes instead of 40 was designed and successfully validated against the new FTD (version 1.1). It was sensitive enough to distinguish between the effects of cold stress and high irradiation dose. Therefore, the eight-tube FTD may be used to assess Aedes’ flight ability. This study demonstrated that the new designs (versions 1.1 and 2.0) of the FTD could be used for standard routine quality assessments of Aedes mosquitoes required for an SIT and other male release-based programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamidou Maïga
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé/Direction Régionale de l’Ouest (IRSS-DRO), Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso
- *Correspondence: Hamidou Maïga, ,
| | - Deng Lu
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environnent Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Wadaka Mamai
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Institut de Recherche Agricole pour le Développement (IRAD), Yaoundé-Messa, Cameroon
| | - Nanwintoum Séverin Bimbilé Somda
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche en Sciences et Technologies (UFR/ST), Université Norbert ZONGO (UNZ), Koudougou, Burkina Faso
| | - Thomas Wallner
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Mame Thierno Bakhoum
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
- Institut Sénégalais de Recherches Agricoles (ISRA), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Odet Bueno Masso
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Claudia Martina
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Simran Singh Kotla
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Hanano Yamada
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Gustavo Salvador Herranz
- Technical School of Design, Architecture and Engineering, University CEU Cardenal Herrera, Valencia, Spain
| | - Rafael Argiles Herrero
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Chee Seng Chong
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environnent Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Cheong Huat Tan
- Environmental Health Institute, National Environnent Agency, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jeremy Bouyer
- Insect Pest Control Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Centre of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, IAEA Laboratories, Seibersdorf, Austria
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Ziegler R, Blanckenhorn WU, Mathis A, Verhulst NO. Video analysis of the locomotory behaviour of Aedes aegypti and Ae. japonicus mosquitoes under different temperature regimes in a laboratory setting. J Therm Biol 2022; 105:103205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtherbio.2022.103205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Gouagna LC, Damiens D, Oliva CF, Boyer S, Le Goff G, Brengues C, Dehecq JS, Raude J, Simard F, Fontenille D. Strategic Approach, Advances, and Challenges in the Development and Application of the SIT for Area-Wide Control of Aedes albopictus Mosquitoes in Reunion Island. Insects 2020; 11:insects11110770. [PMID: 33171885 PMCID: PMC7695178 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Aedes albopictus is a well-established competent arbovirus vector in Reunion Island, a French overseas territory in the Indian Ocean, occurring in a range of natural to urban environments where it represents a major threat to public health. Following the 2006 Chikungunya outbreak and periodic occurrence of dengue epidemics, the sterile insect technique (SIT) emerged as the most environment-friendly option for integration with the current vector control strategy that relies mainly on the elimination of breeding sites and insecticide applications. This paper describes the trajectory that has been followed in assessing the feasibility of SIT against Ae. albopictus in Reunion Island, and reviews some of the main achievements since 2009. These include essential scientific information so far obtained on the biology and ecology of Ae. albopictus, and the development of the requisite technological capabilities for the production and release of sexually competitive sterile males. Furthermore, it also draws attention to the strategies established to streamline the decision-making process, including an awareness campaign to enhance public understanding, efforts to secure public acceptance and regulatory validation of SIT pilot testing for small-scale suppression of wild Ae. albopictus in selected urban sites on the island. Abstract The global expansion of Aedes albopictus, together with the absence of specific treatment and vaccines for most of the arboviruses it transmits, has stimulated the development of more sustainable and ecologically acceptable methods for control of disease transmission through the suppression of natural vector populations. The sterile insect technique (SIT) is rapidly evolving as an additional tool for mosquito control, offering an efficient and more environment-friendly alternative to the use of insecticides. Following the devastating chikungunya outbreak, which affected 38% of the population on Reunion Island (a French overseas territory in the southwest of the Indian Ocean), there has been strong interest and political will to develop effective alternatives to the existing vector control strategies. Over the past 10 years, the French Research and Development Institute (IRD) has established an SIT feasibility program against Ae. albopictus on Reunion Island in collaboration with national and international partners. This program aimed to determine whether the SIT based on the release of radiation-sterilized males is scientifically and technically feasible, and socially acceptable as part of a control strategy targeting the local Ae. albopictus population. This paper provides a review of a multi-year and a particularly broad scoping process of establishing the scientific and technological feasibility of the SIT against Ae. albopictus on Reunion Island. It also draws attention to some prerequisites of the decision-making process, through awareness campaigns to enhance public understanding and support, social adoption, and regulatory validation of the SIT pilot tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louis Clément Gouagna
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.D.); (C.F.O.); (G.L.G.); (C.B.); (F.S.); (D.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-2-62-93-88-19
| | - David Damiens
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.D.); (C.F.O.); (G.L.G.); (C.B.); (F.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Clélia F. Oliva
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.D.); (C.F.O.); (G.L.G.); (C.B.); (F.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Sébastien Boyer
- Medical and Veterinary Entomology Unit, Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh 12201, Cambodia;
| | - Gilbert Le Goff
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.D.); (C.F.O.); (G.L.G.); (C.B.); (F.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Cécile Brengues
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.D.); (C.F.O.); (G.L.G.); (C.B.); (F.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Jean-Sébastien Dehecq
- ARS—Délégation Départementale de la Haute-Garonne, Pôle de Prévention et Gestion des Alertes Sanitaires, CEDEX 2, 31050 Toulouse, France;
| | - Jocelyn Raude
- EHESP, School of Public Health, UMR “Emergence des Pathologies Virales”, Université Aix-Marseille, IRD190, INSERM1207, 35043 Rennes, France;
| | - Frédéric Simard
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.D.); (C.F.O.); (G.L.G.); (C.B.); (F.S.); (D.F.)
| | - Didier Fontenille
- MIVEGEC, IRD, CNRS, Université Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34394 Montpellier, France; (D.D.); (C.F.O.); (G.L.G.); (C.B.); (F.S.); (D.F.)
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Kairo G, Pioz M, Tchamitchian S, Pelissier M, Brunet JL, Belzunces LP. Efficiency of an air curtain as an anti-insect barrier: the honey bee as a model insect. Pest Manag Sci 2018; 74:2707-2715. [PMID: 29808535 DOI: 10.1002/ps.5090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vector-borne diseases are of high concern for human, animal and plant health. In humans, such diseases are often transmitted by flying insects. Flying insects stop their flight when their kinetic energy cannot compensate for the wind speed. Here, the efficiency of an air curtain in preventing insects from entering a building was studied using the honey bee as a model. RESULTS Bees were trained to visit a food source placed in a building. The air curtain was tested with strongly motivated bees, when the visiting activity was very high. Airflow velocity was modulated by setting an air curtain device at different voltages. At the nominal voltage, the anti-insect efficiency was 99.9 ± 0.2% compared with both the number of bees at a given time in the absence of the air curtain and the number of bees before the activation of the air curtain. The efficiency decreased as the airflow velocity decreased. CONCLUSION The results show that an air curtain operating at an airflow velocity of 7.5 m s-1 may prevent a strong flyer with high kinetic energy, such as the honey bee, from entering a building. Thus, air curtains offer an alternative approach for combating vector-borne diseases. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Kairo
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Maryline Pioz
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Sylvie Tchamitchian
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Michel Pelissier
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Jean-Luc Brunet
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
| | - Luc P Belzunces
- INRA, Laboratoire de Toxicologie Environnementale, UR 406 Abeilles & Environnement, Avignon, France
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Tangena JAA, Marcombe S, Thammavong P, Chonephetsarath S, Somphong B, Sayteng K, Grandadam M, Sutherland IW, Lindsay SW, Brey PT. Bionomics and insecticide resistance of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus in northern Lao PDR. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206387. [PMID: 30359425 PMCID: PMC6201963 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last four decades there has been a staggering increase in the geographical range of the arboviral vector Aedes albopictus (Skuse, 1894). This species is now found in every continent except Antarctica, increasing the distribution of arboviral diseases such as dengue and chikungunya. In Lao PDR dengue epidemics occur regularly, with cases of chikungunya also reported. As treatment methods for arboviral diseases is limited, the control of the vector mosquitoes are essential. There is a paucity of information on the bionomics and resistance status of this mosquito for successful vector control efforts. Here we describe the bionomics and insecticide resistance status of Ae. albopictus in Laos to identify opportunities for control. Adult Ae. albopictus were collected using human-baited double bed net (HDN) traps in forests, villages and rubber plantations and tested for alpha- and flaviviruses with RT-PCR. Surveys were also conducted to identify larval habitats. Seven adult and larval populations originating from Vientiane Capital and Luang Prabang province were tested against DDT, malathion, permethrin, deltamethrin and, temephos following WHO protocols. Aedes albopictus were found throughout the year, but were six-fold greater in the rainy season than the dry season. Adult females were active for 24 hours, with peak of behaviour at 18.00 h. The secondary forest and rubber plantation samples showed evidence of Pan-flaviviruses, while samples from the villages did not. More than half of the emerged Ae. albopictus were collected from mature rubber plantations (53.9%; 1,533/2,845). Most Ae. albopictus mosquitoes emerged from latex collection cups (19.7%; 562/2,845), small water containers (19.7%; 562/2,845) and tyres (17.4%; 495/2,845). Adult mosquitoes were susceptible to pyrethroids, apart from one population in Vientiane city. All populations were resistant to DDT (between 27-90% mortality) and all except one were resistant to malathion (20-86%). Three of the seven larval populations were resistant to temephos (42-87%), with suspected resistance found in three other populations (92-98%).This study demonstrates that rural areas in northern Laos are potential hot spots for arboviral disease transmission. Multiple-insecticide resistance was found. Aedes albopictus control efforts in villages need to expand to include secondary forests and rubber plantations, with larval source management and limited use of insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie-Anne A. Tangena
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Sébastien Marcombe
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Phoutmany Thammavong
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Boudsady Somphong
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Kouxiong Sayteng
- Arbovirology and Emerging Viruses Laboratory, Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Marc Grandadam
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Ian W. Sutherland
- United States Naval Medical Research Center—Asia, PSA SEMBAWANG, Singapore
- United States Navy Entomology Center of Excellence, NAS Jacksonville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Steve W. Lindsay
- Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham, United Kingdom
| | - Paul T. Brey
- Medical Entomology and Vector-Borne Disease Laboratory Institut Pasteur du Laos, Vientiane, Laos
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Lebon C, Soupapoule K, Wilkinson DA, Le Goff G, Damiens D, Gouagna LC. Laboratory evaluation of the effects of sterilizing doses of γ-rays from Caesium-137 source on the daily flight activity and flight performance of Aedes albopictus males. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202236. [PMID: 30107004 PMCID: PMC6091941 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The control of Aedes albopictus through Sterile Male Releases requires that the most competitive males be mass-reared and sterilized usually with gamma- or X-ray radiation prior to release. Developing an understanding of the impact of irradiation treatment on flight performance in sterile males is very important because any fitness cost may reduce the efficacy of SIT intervention in the field. Here, we examined the role of irradiation exposure and sugar-feeding on daily flight activity and performance of Ae. albopictus males sterilized during pupal stage with gamma-radiation at 35Gray from a Caesium 137 source. We used a previously developed automated video tracking system to monitor the flight activity of different groups of sterile and control non-sterile males over 24 hours in a flight arena. This monitoring took place under controlled laboratory conditions and we wished to quantify the daily flight activity and to highlight any changes due to radiation treatment and nutritional conditions (starved versus sugar fed). Our experimental evidence demonstrated a characteristic diurnal flight activity with a bimodal pattern regardless of the treatment. Precisely, both irradiated and non-irradiated males exhibited two distinct peaks in flight activity in the morning (6-8 a.m.) and late afternoon (4-6 p.m.). Under changing physiological conditions, irradiated males were generally more active over time and flew longer overall distances than control male populations. These results suggest some internal circadian control of the phase relation to the light-dark cycle, with evidence for modification of flight performance by nutritional status. The fact that daily activity patterns are alike in irradiated and control Ae. albopictus males, and that sterile males could display higher flight performance, is in contrast with the hypothesis that irradiation treatment appears to reduce the fitness of male mosquitoes. We discuss the implications of the present study in sterile-male release programs against Ae. albopictus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cyrille Lebon
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, Unité Mixte de Recherche « Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle » MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Montpellier, France
- IRD La Réunion / GIP CYROI (Recherche Santé Bio-innovation), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion Island, France
| | - Kevin Soupapoule
- Université de La Rochelle–UFR Sciences—Département de Biotechnologies, La Rochelle, France
| | - David A. Wilkinson
- Université de La Réunion, Unité Mixte de Recherche « Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical (UMR PIMIT)», INSERM U1187-CNRS9192-IRD249. Plateforme de Recherche CYROI, Ste Clotilde, La Réunion Island, France
| | - Gilbert Le Goff
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, Unité Mixte de Recherche « Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle » MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Montpellier, France
- IRD La Réunion / GIP CYROI (Recherche Santé Bio-innovation), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion Island, France
| | - David Damiens
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, Unité Mixte de Recherche « Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle » MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Montpellier, France
- IRD La Réunion / GIP CYROI (Recherche Santé Bio-innovation), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion Island, France
| | - Louis Clément Gouagna
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD, Unité Mixte de Recherche « Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle » MIVEGEC (IRD 224-CNRS 5290-UM1-UM2), Montpellier, France
- IRD La Réunion / GIP CYROI (Recherche Santé Bio-innovation), Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion Island, France
- * E-mail:
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12
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Feldstein LR, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Staples JE, Halloran ME, Ellis EM. An Assessment of Household and Individual-Level Mosquito Prevention Methods during the Chikungunya Virus Outbreak in the United States Virgin Islands, 2014-2015. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2018; 98:845-848. [PMID: 29405105 PMCID: PMC5930869 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.17-0799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent large-scale chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Zika virus epidemics in the Americas
pose a growing public health threat. Given that mosquito bite prevention and vector
control are the main prevention methods available to reduce transmission of these
viruses, we assessed adherence to these methods in the United States Virgin Islands
(USVI). We interviewed 334 USVI residents between December 2014 and February 2015 to
measure differences in mosquito prevention practices by gender, income, presence of
CHIKV symptoms, and age. Only 27% (91/334) of participants reported having an air
conditioner, and of the 91 with air-conditioners, 18 (20%) reported never using it.
Annual household income > $50,000 was associated with owning and using an air
conditioner (41%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 28–53% compared with annual
household income ≤ $50,000: 17%; 95% CI: 12–22%). The majority of
participants reported the presence of vegetation in their yard or near their home
(79%; 265) and a cistern on their property (78%; 259). Only 52 (16%) participants
reported wearing mosquito repellent more than once per week. Although the majority
(80%; 268) of participants reported having screens on all of their windows and doors,
most (82%; 273) of those interviewed still reported seeing mosquitoes in their homes.
Given the uniformly low adherence to individual- and household-level mosquito bite
prevention measures in the USVI, these findings emphasize the need for improved
public health messaging and investment in therapeutic and vaccine research to
mitigate vector-borne disease outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora R Feldstein
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - J Erin Staples
- Division of Vector-Borne Diseases, National Center for Emerging and Zoonotic Infectious Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Fort Collins, Colorado
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Inference and Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Esther M Ellis
- United States Virgin Islands Department of Health, Saint Croix, United States Virgin Islands
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13
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Feldstein LR, Ellis EM, Rowhani-Rahbar A, Halloran ME, Ellis BR. The First Reported Outbreak of Chikungunya in the U.S. Virgin Islands, 2014-2015. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 95:885-889. [PMID: 27402523 PMCID: PMC5062794 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.16-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The chikungunya virus (CHIKV) epidemic in the Americas is of significant public health importance due to the lack of effective control and prevention strategies, severe disease morbidity among susceptible populations, and potential for persistent arthralgia and long-term impaired physical functionality. Using surveillance data of suspected CHIKV cases, we describe the first reported outbreak in the U.S. Virgin Islands. CHIKV incidence was highest among individuals aged 55-64 years (13.1 cases per 1,000 population) and lowest among individuals aged 0-14 years (1.8 cases per 1,000 population). Incidence was higher among women compared to men (6.6 and 5.0 cases per 1,000 population, respectively). More than half of reported laboratory-positive cases experienced fever lasting 2-7 days, chills/rigor, myalgia, anorexia, and headache. No clinical symptoms apart from the suspected case definition of fever ≥ 38°C and arthralgia were significantly associated with being a reported laboratory-positive case. These results contribute to our knowledge of demographic risk factors and clinical manifestations of CHIKV disease and may aid in mitigating future CHIKV outbreaks in the Caribbean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leora R Feldstein
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington.,Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington
| | - Esther M Ellis
- U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Health, Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
| | - Ali Rowhani-Rahbar
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - M Elizabeth Halloran
- Vaccine and Infectious Disease Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Center for Inference and Dynamics of Infectious Diseases, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Brett R Ellis
- U.S. Virgin Islands Department of Health, Saint Croix, U.S. Virgin Islands
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14
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Gouagna LC, Dehecq JS, Fontenille D, Dumont Y, Boyer S. Seasonal variation in size estimates of Aedes albopictus population based on standard mark-release-recapture experiments in an urban area on Reunion Island. Acta Trop 2015; 143:89-96. [PMID: 25592432 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 12/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The implementation of the sterile insect technique for area-wide vector control requires that natural population density be accurately estimated to determine both the appropriate time to treat and the adequate number of sterile males for release. Herein, we used mark-release-recapture (MRR) to derive seasonal abundance estimates of Aedes albopictus population sizes within a delimited geographical area in Reunion Island. Population size of Ae. albopictus was estimated through four mark-release-recapture experiments carried out separately in different seasons. Marked males and females were released each time, and recaptured using BG sentinel traps for six consecutive days. Data were used to estimate the population size using a conceptual model that incorporates the variation in daily mortality rates. The likely influence of environmental factors on the magnitude of catches and on population fluctuation was analyzed. A total of 2827 mosquitoes (1914 males and 913 females) were marked and released on four occasions during dry and wet seasons. After release, 138 males (7.21%) and 86 females (9.41%) of the marked specimens were recaptured in subsequent samplings. The effectiveness of the daily captures of wild and released mosquitoes was significantly influenced by meteorological conditions such as temperature, rainfall, wind speed and light intensity. The estimates of Ae. albopictus population size obtained with our model estimator ranged from 298 to 1238 males and 604 to 2208 females per ha, with seasonal variability - higher population size in the humid season. The presented results will be essential in designing more effective sterile male release strategies for long-term suppression of wild Ae. albopictus populations.
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15
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Wilkinson DA, Lebon C, Wood T, Rosser G, Gouagna LC. Straightforward multi-object video tracking for quantification of mosquito flight activity. J Insect Physiol 2014; 71:114-121. [PMID: 25450566 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito flight activity has been studied using a variety of different methodologies, and largely concentrates on female mosquito activity as vectors of disease. Video recording using standard commercially available hardware has limited accuracy for the measurement of flight activity due to the lack of depth-perception in two-dimensional images, but multi-camera observation for three dimensional trajectory reconstructions remain challenging and inaccessible to the majority of researchers. Here, in silico simulations were used to quantify the limitations of two-dimensional flight observation. We observed that, under the simulated conditions, two dimensional observation of flight was more than 90% accurate for the determination of population flight speeds and thus that two dimensional imaging can be used to provide accurate estimates of mosquito population flight speeds, and to measure flight activity over long periods of time. We optimized single camera video imaging to study male Aedes albopictus mosquitoes over a 30 h time period, and tested two different multi-object tracking algorithms for their efficiency in flight tracking. A. Albopictus males were observed to be most active at the start of the day period (06h00-08h00) with the longest period of activity in the evening (15h00-18h00) and that a single mosquito will fly more than 600 m over the course of 24 h. No activity was observed during the night period (18h00-06h00). Simplistic tracking methodologies, executable on standard computational hardware, are sufficient to produce reliable data when video imaging is optimized under laboratory conditions. As this methodology does not require overly-expensive equipment, complex calibration of equipment or extensive knowledge of computer programming, the technology should be accessible to the majority of computer-literate researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A Wilkinson
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies Emergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Cyrille Lebon
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies Emergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France.
| | - Trevor Wood
- Oxford Centre for Industrial Applied Mathematics, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Gabriel Rosser
- UCL Civil, Environmental & Geomatic Engineering, University College London, Chadwick Building, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
| | - Louis Clément Gouagna
- Centre de Recherche et de Veille sur les maladies Emergentes dans l'Océan Indien (CRVOI), 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, La Réunion, France; Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UM1-CNRS 5290-IRD 224: Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs - Ecologie-Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle (MIVEGEC), Montpellier, France.
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