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Hawley NL, Rivara AC, Naseri J, Faumuina K, Potoa’e-Solaita N, Iopu F, Faiai M, Naveno E, Tasele S, Lefale T, Lantini R, Carlson JC, Rabin TL, Semaia P, Mugadza P, Rosen RK. Protocol: Implementation and evaluation of an adolescent-mediated intervention to improve glycemic control and diabetes self-management among Samoan adults. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0279084. [PMID: 36795707 PMCID: PMC9934313 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0279084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diagnoses of Type 2 Diabetes in the United States have more than doubled in the last two decades. One minority group at disproportionate risk are Pacific Islanders who face numerous barriers to prevention and self-care. To address the need for prevention and treatment in this group, and building on the family-centered culture, we will pilot test an adolescent-mediated intervention designed to improve the glycemic control and self-care practices of a paired adult family member with diagnosed diabetes. METHODS We will conduct a randomized controlled trial in American Samoa among n = 160 dyads (adolescent without diabetes, adult with diabetes). Adolescents will receive either a six-month diabetes intervention or a leadership and life skills-focused control curriculum. Aside from research assessments we will have no contact with the adults in the dyad who will proceed with their usual care. To test our hypothesis that adolescents will be effective conduits of diabetes knowledge and will support their paired adult in the adoption of self-care strategies, our primary efficacy outcomes will be adult glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors (BMI, blood pressure, waist circumference). Secondarily, since we believe exposure to the intervention may encourage positive behavior change in the adolescent themselves, we will measure the same outcomes in adolescents. Outcomes will be measured at baseline, after active intervention (six months post-randomization) and at 12-months post-randomization to examine maintenance effects. To determine potential for sustainability and scale up, we will examine intervention acceptability, feasibility, fidelity, reach, and cost. DISCUSSION This study will explore Samoan adolescents' ability to act as agents of familial health behavior change. Intervention success would produce a scalable program with potential for replication in other family-centered ethnic minority groups across the US who are the ideal beneficiaries of innovations to reduce chronic disease risk and eliminate health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola L. Hawley
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Anna C. Rivara
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Joshua Naseri
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - Kitiona Faumuina
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | | | - Francine Iopu
- Department of Public Health, Portland State University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Mata’uitafa Faiai
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | | | - Susie Tasele
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - Temukisa Lefale
- Obesity, Lifestyle and Genetic Adaptations Study Group, Pago Pago, American Samoa
| | - Ryan Lantini
- Center for Behavioral and Preventative Medicine, The Miriam Hospital, Providence, RI, United States of America
| | - Jenna C. Carlson
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
- Department of Human Genetics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Tracy L. Rabin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Penny Semaia
- Athletic Department, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
| | - Phyllis Mugadza
- Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Rochelle K. Rosen
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America
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Drouin O, Fontaine P, Arnaud Y, Montmarquette C, Prud'homme A, Da Silva RB. Parental decision and intent towards COVID-19 vaccination in children with asthma: an econometric analysis. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:1547. [PMID: 35964026 PMCID: PMC9375633 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-13933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccination will be instrumental in controlling the COVID-19 pandemic, and vaccination of children will be necessary to achieve herd immunity. Given that children with chronic health conditions may be at increased risk of COVID-19, it is crucial to understand factors influencing parental decisions about whether to have their child vaccinated. The study objectives were to measure parental intent to have their child with asthma vaccinated against COVID-19 and identify the determinants of their vaccination decision. STUDY DESIGN This study is based on a cross-sectional exploratory observational online survey assessing parents' risk perception in the context of COVID-19. METHODS In this study conducted in August 2020, the primary outcome was parent's answer to the question on their intention to get their child vaccinated if a vaccine against COVID-19 was available. Participants were also asked about their intention to get vaccinated themselves. Independent variables studied included sociodemographic, clinical data (e.g. presence of other chronic diseases), psychological, cognitive and risk perception related to COVID-19. Simultaneous equations models (3SLS) and seemingly unrelated regressions model (SUR) were carried out to identify factors associated with intention to have the child vaccinated and participants' intention to get vaccinated themselves against COVID-19. RESULTS A total of 305 participants completed the survey. Overall, 19.1% of participants reported being unlikely or very unlikely to vaccinate their child against COVID-19 if a vaccine was available. Similarly, 21.0% were unlikely or very unlikely to get vaccinated themselves. The following factors were significantly associated with parents' decision to have their child vaccinated: parental level of education (p = 0.003), employment status (p < 0.001), sex of the child (p = 0.019), presence of other chronic diseases (p = 0.028), whether or not the child had been vaccinated against influenza in the past (p < 0.001), parental anxiety (p = 0.046), and consultation with a health professional since the beginning of the pandemic (p = 0.009). There was a strong relationship between likelihood of not intending to have one's child vaccinated and personal intent not to get vaccinated. CONCLUSION These findings are essential in planning for the communication and dissemination of COVID-19 vaccination information to parents, especially for children with asthma or other chronic medical conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Drouin
- Division of General Pediatrics, Department of Pediatrics, CHU Sainte-Justine, 3175 chemin de la Côte-Sainte-Catherine, Montréal, QC, H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Third floor (Office 3029), Montréal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada
| | - Pierre Fontaine
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Montreal, 2900 boulevard Edouard-Montpetit (Pavillon Roger-Gaudry), Montréal, QC, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Yann Arnaud
- CIRANO (Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse Des Organisations), 1130 rue Sherbrooke Ouest #1400, Montréal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada
| | - Claude Montmarquette
- CIRANO (Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse Des Organisations), 1130 rue Sherbrooke Ouest #1400, Montréal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada
| | - Alexandre Prud'homme
- CIRANO (Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse Des Organisations), 1130 rue Sherbrooke Ouest #1400, Montréal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada
| | - Roxane Borgès Da Silva
- CIRANO (Centre Interuniversitaire de Recherche en Analyse Des Organisations), 1130 rue Sherbrooke Ouest #1400, Montréal, QC, H3A 2M8, Canada.
- Department of Management, Evaluation and Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Montreal, 7101 avenue du Parc, Third Floor (Office 3076), Montréal, QC, H3N 1X9, Canada.
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Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Patients in Rural Areas around Cluj-Napoca, Romania. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116887. [PMID: 35682470 PMCID: PMC9180015 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The intent of the KAP (knowledge, attitude, practices) survey is to collect information about a specific target group related to their knowledge, what they consider to be known, and what they do about a particular topic. The aim of this study was to identify the level of importance of oral health, especially the level of knowledge, attitude and practices of rural patients around Cluj-Napoca, Romania. Material and methods: A questionnaire consisting of five parts was used, trying to assess the self-perception of oral health, knowledge and attitude towards oral health, dental hygiene practices and eating habits. A clinical examination was also performed in order to identify the number of missing teeth, the caries and the presence of calculus. Results: The study revealed that most patients have an average and good self-perception of oral health, although three-quarters of them have calculus deposits, and about half of them have more than three carious lesions and at least one extracted tooth. There is also a discrepancy between declared knowledge of oral health, eating habits and dental practices. Conclusions: The basic knowledge of rural patients about oral health can be considered satisfactory, but the practices, unfortunately, do not reflect this knowledge.
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Goldberg E, Eberhard J, Bauman A, Smith BJ. Mass media campaigns for the promotion of oral health: a scoping review. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:182. [PMID: 35568896 PMCID: PMC9107752 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02212-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oral diseases are highly prevalent globally and are largely preventable. Individual and group-based education strategies have been dominant in oral health promotion efforts. Population-wide mass media campaigns have a potentially valuable role in improving oral health behaviours and related determinants. This review synthesises evidence from evaluations of these campaigns. Methods A systematic search of major databases was undertaken to identify peer-reviewed articles reporting the evaluation of mass reach (non-interpersonal) communication strategies to address common forms of oral disease (i.e., dental caries, periodontitis, gingivitis). Studies using all types of quantitative design, published in English between 1970 and 2020 were included. Data concerning campaign objectives, content, evaluation methods and findings were extracted. Results Eighteen studies were included from the 499 identified through searching, reporting the findings of 11 campaign evaluations. Two of these used controlled quasi-experimental designs, with the remainder using pre- and post-test (N = 5) or post-test only designs (N = 4). Message recall, as a measure of exposure, was reported in eight campaigns with short-term (≤ 8 weeks) recall ranging from 30 to 97%. Eight studies examined impacts upon oral health knowledge, with four of the five measuring this at baseline and follow-up reporting improvements. From the eight studies measuring oral health behaviours or use of preventative services, six that compared baseline and follow-up reported improvements (N = 2 in children, N = 4 in adults). Conclusion There are relatively few studies reporting the evaluation of mass media campaigns to promote oral health at the population level. Further, there is limited application of best-practice methods in campaign development, implementation and evaluation in this field. The available findings indicate promise in terms of achieving campaign recall and short-term improvements in oral health knowledge and behaviours. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02212-3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joerg Eberhard
- Sydney School of Dentistry, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Westmead Applied Research Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia
| | - Adrian Bauman
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.,Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Lev 6, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia
| | - Ben J Smith
- Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. .,Westmead Applied Research Centre, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW, 2145, Australia. .,Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Lev 6, Charles Perkins Centre (D17), The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
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Oral Health Related Behaviors in Relation to DMFT Indexes of Teenagers in an Urban Area of North-West Poland-Dental Caries Is Still a Common Problem. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052333. [PMID: 33673458 PMCID: PMC7956411 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Caries has a negative influence on health and is still a public health problem among children and adolescents in Poland. The aim of this study was to analyze the association of dietary habits, oral hygiene behaviors and the frequency of usage of dental services with the dental caries index in teenagers in North-West Poland. The study enrolled 264 children (147M/117F) aged 15. Participants filled out a questionnaire regarding age, sex, frequency of visits to the dentist, dietary habits and oral hygiene behaviors, and the Decayed Missing Filled Teeth Index (DMFT) was calculated. Caries was found in 88.6% of subjects. The lower or no caries experience group (DMFT ≤ 5) comprised of 180 subjects, while higher caries experience (DMFT > 5) was found in 84 teenagers and was significantly inversely associated with tooth brushing after the last meal (OR = 0.45; 95% CI:0.21–0.97; p = 0.04) and the daily use of dental floss (OR = 0.12; 95% CI:0.01–0.92; p = 0.04). There is an emerging need for the implementation of effective caries prevention and recovery programs in Poland. Health promotion focusing on oral hygiene behaviors should be disseminated more widely because lower caries experience was demonstrated in teenagers declaring healthy oral habits. Another important need is the development of multi-sectorial actions aiming at the improvement of dietary habits.
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Lindqvist AK, Löf M, Ek A, Rutberg S. Active School Transportation in Winter Conditions: Biking Together is Warmer. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16020234. [PMID: 30650653 PMCID: PMC6352108 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16020234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
There has been a decline in children's use of active school transportation (AST) while there is also limited research concerning AST in winter conditions. This study aimed to explore the prerequisites and experiences of schoolchildren and parents participating in an empowerment- and gamification-inspired intervention to promote students' AST in winter conditions. Methods: Thirty-five students, who were aged 12⁻13 years, and 34 parents from the north of Sweden participated in the study. Data were collected using photovoice and open questions in a questionnaire and analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results: The results show that involvement and togetherness motivated the students to use AST. In addition, during the project, the parents changed to have more positive attitudes towards their children's use of AST. The students reported that using AST during wintertime is strenuous but rewarding and imparts a sense of pride. Conclusion: Interventions for increasing students' AST in winter conditions should focus on the motivational aspects for both children and parents. For overcoming parental hesitation with regards to AST during winter, addressing their concerns and empowering the students are key factors. To increase the use of AST all year around, targeting the challenges perceived during the winter is especially beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Karin Lindqvist
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
| | - Marie Löf
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
- Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 581 85 Linköping, Sweden.
| | - Anna Ek
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, 141 83 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - Stina Rutberg
- Department of Health Sciences, Luleå University of Technology, 971 87 Luleå, Sweden.
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