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Alesci A, Pergolizzi S, Mokhtar DM, Fumia A, Aragona M, Lombardo GP, Messina E, D'Angelo R, Lo Cascio P, Sayed RKA, Albano M, Capillo G, Lauriano ER. Morpho-structural adaptations of the integument in different aquatic organisms. Acta Histochem 2023; 125:152031. [PMID: 37075648 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2023.152031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/21/2023]
Abstract
The integument acts as a barrier to protect the body from harmful pathogenic infectious agents, parasites, UV rays, trauma, and germs. The integument of invertebrates and vertebrates are structurally different: while invertebrates usually have a simple monolayer epidermis frequently covered by mucus, cuticles, or mineralized structures, vertebrates possess a multilayered epidermis with several specialized cells. This study aims to describe by morphological, histological, and immunohistochemical analyses, the morpho-structural adaptations throughout evolution of the integument of gastropod Aplysia depilans (Gmelin, 1791), ascidian Styela plicata (Lesuer, 1823), myxine hagfish Eptatretus cirrhatus (Forster, 1801) and teleost Heteropneustes fossilis (Bloch, 1794) for the first time, with special reference to sensory epidermal cells. Different types of cells could be identified that varied according to the species; including mucous cells, serous glandular cells, clavate cells, club cells, thread cells, and support cells. In all integuments of the specimens analyzed, sensory solitary cells were identified in the epidermis, immunoreactive to serotonin and calbindin. Our study provided an essential comparison of integuments, adding new information about sensory epidermal cells phylogenetic conservation and on the structural changes that invertebrates and vertebrates have undergone during evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Alesci
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy.
| | - Simona Pergolizzi
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Doaa M Mokhtar
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt
| | - Angelo Fumia
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Padiglione C, A. O. U. Policlinico "G. Martino", 98124 Messina, Italy.
| | - Marialuisa Aragona
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pia Lombardo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Emmanuele Messina
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Roberta D'Angelo
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Patrizia Lo Cascio
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Ramy K A Sayed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt
| | - Marco Albano
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Gioele Capillo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, 98168 Messina, Italy; Institute for Marine Biological Resources and Biotechnology (IRBIM), National Research Council (CNR), Section of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy
| | - Eugenia Rita Lauriano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical, and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Lauriano E, Pergolizzi S, Aragona M, Spanò N, Guerrera M, Capillo G, Faggio C. Merkel cells immunohistochemical study in striped dolphin (Stenella coeruleoalba) skin. Tissue Cell 2019; 56:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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3
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Wessels Q, Hoogland PVJM, Vorster W. Anatomical evidence for an endocrine activity of the vomeronasal organ in humans. Clin Anat 2014; 27:856-60. [PMID: 24554552 DOI: 10.1002/ca.22382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 01/15/2014] [Accepted: 01/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The mammalian vomeronasal organ (VNO) is a well-adjusted chemosensory structure that facilitates social and reproductive behavior in mammals. The existence, locality, and function of this organ in human adults remain a matter of discussion. Most authors now agree that a neuroreceptive function of the adult human VNO can be excluded due to the absence of both neural receptive cells associated with the VNO in other mammals despite the enigmatic reports on the effects of pheromones on human behavior. Adult cadavers form European (Caucasoid) descent were used in this article and parasagittal dissection of the heads allowed access to the nasal septa, which were grossly examined for the VNO openings. Tissue samples were collected, embedded in gelatin and serially sectioned through cryomicrotomy. Nissl staining was performed as well as immunohistochemically stained with an antibody against calcium-binding protein. The findings presented here confirm the bilateral presence of the VNO in adult cadavers and demonstrate morphological connections of VNO receptor cells with the underlying capillaries. In addition, possible endocrine activity associated with the epithelium of this chemosensory structure has been demonstrated by the expression of calcium-binding protein in a part of these receptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quenton Wessels
- Lancaster Medical School, Faculty of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Rebello MR, Aktas A, Medler KF. Expression of calcium binding proteins in mouse type II taste cells. J Histochem Cytochem 2011; 59:530-9. [PMID: 21527586 DOI: 10.1369/0022155411402352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that calcium is a critical signaling molecule in the transduction of taste stimuli within the peripheral taste system. However, little is known about the regulation and termination of these calcium signals in the taste system. The authors used Western blot, immunocytochemical, and RT-PCR analyses to evaluate the expression of multiple calcium binding proteins in mouse circumvallate taste papillae, including parvalbumin, calbindin D28k, calretinin, neurocalcin, NCS-1 (or frequenin), and CaBP. They found that all of the calcium binding proteins they tested were expressed in mouse circumvallate taste cells with the exception of NCS-1. The authors correlated the expression patterns of these calcium binding proteins with a marker for type II cells and found that neurocalcin was expressed in 80% of type II cells, whereas parvalbumin was found in less than 10% of the type II cells. Calretinin, calbindin, and CaBP were expressed in about half of the type II cells. These data reveal that multiple calcium binding proteins are highly expressed in taste cells and have distinct expression patterns that likely reflect their different roles within taste receptor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle R Rebello
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
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5
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Abstract
Peripheral taste receptor cells depend on distinct calcium signals to generate appropriate cellular responses that relay taste information to the central nervous system. Some taste cells have conventional chemical synapses and rely on calcium influx through voltage-gated calcium channels. Other taste cells lack these synapses and depend on calcium release from stores to formulate an output signal through a hemichannel. Despite the importance of calcium signaling in taste cells, little is known about how these signals are regulated. This review summarizes recent studies that have identified 2 calcium clearance mechanisms expressed in taste cells, including mitochondrial calcium uptake and sodium/calcium exchangers (NCXs). These studies identified a unique constitutive calcium influx that contributes to maintaining appropriate calcium homeostasis in taste cells and the role of the mitochondria and exchangers in this process. The additional role of NCXs in the regulation of evoked calcium responses is also discussed. Clearly, calcium signaling is a dynamic process in taste cells and appears to be more complex than has previously been appreciated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn F Medler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA.
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Elsaesser R, Paysan J. The sense of smell, its signalling pathways, and the dichotomy of cilia and microvilli in olfactory sensory cells. BMC Neurosci 2007; 8 Suppl 3:S1. [PMID: 17903277 PMCID: PMC1995455 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-8-s3-s1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Smell is often regarded as an ancillary perception in primates, who seem so dominated by their sense of vision. In this paper, we will portray some aspects of the significance of olfaction to human life and speculate on what evolutionary factors contribute to keeping it alive. We then outline the functional architecture of olfactory sensory neurons and their signal transduction pathways, which are the primary detectors that render olfactory perception possible. Throughout the phylogenetic tree, olfactory neurons, at their apical tip, are either decorated with cilia or with microvilli. The significance of this dichotomy is unknown. It is generally assumed that mammalian olfactory neurons are of the ciliary type only. The existence of so-called olfactory microvillar cells in mammals, however, is well documented, but their nature remains unclear and their function orphaned. This paper discusses the possibility, that in the main olfactory epithelium of mammals ciliated and microvillar sensory cells exist concurrently. We review evidence related to this hypothesis and ask, what function olfactory microvillar cells might have and what signalling mechanisms they use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Elsaesser
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 725 N. Wolfe St., 408 WBSB, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Jacques Paysan
- Technical University of Darmstadt, Institute of Zoology, Schnittspahnstrasse 3, D-64287 Darmstadt, Germany
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Avallone B, Fascio U, Balsamo G, Bianco PG, Balassone G, Marmo F. Morphogenesis of otoliths during larval development in brook lamprey,Lampetra planeri. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/11250000701459301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Elsaesser R, Paysan J. Morituri te salutant? Olfactory signal transduction and the role of phosphoinositides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 34:97-116. [PMID: 16374712 DOI: 10.1007/s11068-005-5050-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2005] [Revised: 08/11/2005] [Accepted: 08/11/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
During the past 150 years, researchers have investigated the cellular, physiological, and molecular mechanisms underlying the sense of smell. Based on these efforts, a conclusive model of olfactory signal transduction in the vertebrate's nose is now available, spanning from G-protein-mediated odorant receptors to ion channels, which are linked by a cyclic adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate-mediated signal transduction cascade. Here we review some historical milestones in the chronology of olfactory research, particularly emphasising the role of cyclic nucleotides and inositol trisphosphate as alternative second messengers in olfactory cells. We will describe the functional anatomy of the nose, outline the cellular composition of the olfactory epithelium, and describe the discovery of the molecular backbone of the olfactory signal transduction cascade. We then summarize our current model, in which cyclic adenosine monophosphate is the sole excitatory second messenger in olfactory sensory neurons. Finally, a possible significance of microvillous olfactory epithelial cells and inositol trisphosphate in olfaction will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Elsaesser
- School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 725 N. Wolfe St., 408 WBSB, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Díaz-Regueira SM, Lamas I, Anadón R. Calretinin immunoreactivity in taste buds and afferent fibers of the grey mullet Chelon labrosus. Brain Res 2005; 1031:297-301. [PMID: 15649455 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2004.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/30/2004] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The presence of the calcium-binding protein calretinin in taste buds of a teleost, the thick-lipped grey mullet, was investigated using immunohistochemical techniques. Taste bud sensory cells had calretinin immunoreactivity. The nerve fiber plexus innervating taste buds, the ganglia and the viscerosensory roots projecting to the vagal lobe, also showed calretinin immunoreactivity. These results demonstrate for the first time the occurrence of calretinin in the taste buds and the taste afferent system of a teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía M Díaz-Regueira
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of A Coruña, 15071-A Coruña, Spain
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Nishijima K, Atoji Y. Taste buds and nerve fibers in the rat larynx: an ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004; 67:195-209. [PMID: 15570885 DOI: 10.1679/aohc.67.195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the rat laryngeal taste buds and their innervation by electron microscopy and immunohistochemical methods. Taste buds were densely arranged in the surface facing the laryngeal cavity of the epiglottis, the aryepiglottic fold, and the cuneiform process of the arytenoid cartilages. The cells of the buds were classified into types I, II, III, and basal cells, the ultrastucture of which was almost the same as that previously reported in lingual taste buds. The type III cells that had synaptic contacts with nerve fibers were considered to be sensory cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed thick calbindin D28k-immunoreactive fibers and thin varicose fibers immunoreactive for calcitonin gene-related peptide or substance P in and around the taste bud. Serotonin-immunoreactive cells were also observed here. The results revealed the innervation pattern of laryngeal taste buds to be the same as that in lingual taste buds. Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is known to catalyze the hydration of CO2 and dehydration of H2CO3, and seems to be essential in CO2 reception. Immunoreactivity for CAI was detected in slender cells and that for CAIII was observed in barrel-like cells in the laryngeal taste buds. The pH-sensitive inward rectifier K+ (Kir) channel in the cell membrane may be involved in CO2 reception as well. CAII-reactive cells were also reactive to Kir4.1, PGP 9.5 and serotonin. Our results indicated that CAII and Kir4.1 are located in type III cells of the laryngeal taste buds, and supported the idea that the buds may be involved in the recognition of CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazutoshi Nishijima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Gifu, Japan
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11
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Yamamoto Y, Atoji Y, Suzuki Y. Calbindin D28k-immunoreactive afferent nerve endings in the laryngeal mucosa. THE ANATOMICAL RECORD 2000; 259:237-47. [PMID: 10861358 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0185(20000701)259:3<237::aid-ar20>3.0.co;2-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of the calbindin D28k in the laryngeal sensory structures was studied by immunohistochemistry, immunoelectronmicroscopy, and double immunofluorescence with calretinin-immunoreactivity. Moreover, origin of the nerve endings were observed using retrograde tracer, fast blue. Immunoreactivity for calbindin D28k was found in the various types of nerve endings in the larynx, namely, laminar nerve endings, nerve endings associated with the taste buds, intraepithelial nerve endings, and endocrine cells. The laminar endings with calbindin D28k-immunoreactivity were observed in the subepithelial connective tissue. In some endings, terminals were expanded. The laminar endings were also observed in the perichondrium of the epiglottic cartilage. In the epiglottic and arytenoid epithelia, thick nerve fibers with calbindin D28k-immunoreactivity ascending to taste buds and intragemmal nerve fibers were also observed. Within the epithelial layer, intraepithelial free nerve endings with calbindin D28k-immunoreactivity were observed. Furthermore, diffuse endocrine cells were observed within the laryngeal epithelium. By immunoelectron microscopy, immunoreaction products in the endings mentioned above were localized in the cytoplasm of the axon terminals and nerve fibers which contained with numerous mitochondria. Out of the 100 laminar endings, 18 endings were immunopositive for both calbindin D28k and calretinin, 33 were positive for calbindin D28k but negative for calretinin, and 49 were positive for only calretinin in the double immunofluorescence microscopy. The nerve fibers associated with the taste buds and the free nerve endings, which immunostained for calbindin D28k, were not stained with antibody against calretinin. After injection of the fast blue in the laryngeal mucosa, fast blue-labeled cells were mainly observed in the nodose ganglia. Of the total number of labeled cell in the nodose and dorsal root ganglia at the level C1 to Th2, 65.1% occurred in nodose ganglia (572/879, n = 6). In the nodose ganglia, 79.7% of labeled cells (456/572) were immunoreacted for calbindin D28k. The distribution of calbindin D28k-immunoreactivity may be differnt from that of calretinin. It is suggested that calbindin D28k have regulatory role on intracellular calcium concentration in the laryngeal sensory corpuscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Gifu University, Japan.
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12
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Abstract
After more than two centuries of almost sporadic inquiry as to the existence and function of the human vomeronasal system (VNS), the last decade has seen a resurgent interest in it. The principal question vexing many laboratories is whether adult humans retain the VNS that clearly develops during fetal growth. Additional questions are whether the structurally defined fetal VNS has any function role, and if this structure and function extend into postnatal life. One research tool that has been successfully used to identify key components of the mammalian VNS has been immunohistochemistry (IHC). This technique has clearly defined the vomeronasal receptor neurons in the vomeronasal organ, the vomeronasal nerve that projects into the central nervous system, and the target of this nerve, the accessory olfactory bulb. This review will discuss immunohistochemical studies that have identified these features in the mammalian VNS, and relate them to structural and IHC studies of the fetal and adult human VNS. Suggestions as to future studies to clarify the status of the human VNO also are offered.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello 83209, USA
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13
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Abstract
A unique feature of the olfactory epithelium is its ability to give rise to new sensory neurons throughout life and also following injury. Cells at the basal side of the epithelium serve as neurogenic progenitor cells. The enzyme ecto-5'-nucleotidase is expressed at the surface of developing nerve cells and is regarded as a marker of neural development. To study the expression pattern of the enzyme, we analyzed its distribution in the adult and developing rat olfactory organ. Labeling is restricted to specific cell types and varies between the epithelia investigated. At the basal side of the olfactory epithelium, activity of 5'-nucleotidase is associated specifically with the dark/horizontal basal cells. Neither the light/globose basal cells, which are the immediate precursors of the sensory receptor cells, nor subsets of potentially immature olfactory receptor cells are labeled. On the other hand, microvillar cells dispersed at the lumenal side of the epithelium contain 5'-nucleotidase activity. The enzyme is also present at the inner lining of the ducts of Bowman's glands as they traverse the epithelium. Within the respiratory epithelium, activity of 5'-nucleotidase is associated with basal cells as well as with the epithelial surface. During development, 5'-nucleotidase is initially limited to the respiratory epithelium, including its basal cells. Dark/horizontal basal cells of the olfactory epithelium, which are positive for 5'-nucleotidase, first appear at the border of the respiratory epithelium, suggesting that they might originate from immigrating basal cells of the respiratory epithelium. Within the vomeronasal organ, labeling is largely restricted to the receptor-free epithelium. Although the functional role of 5'-nucleotidase in the olfactory system needs to be further defined, the distribution of the enzyme can be used successfully as a marker for defined cell types.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Braun
- Biozentrum der J.W. Goethe-Universität, AK Neurochemie, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Johnson EW, Eller PM, Jafek BW. Protein gene product 9.5-like and calbindin-like immunoreactivity in the nasal respiratory mucosa of perinatal humans. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1997; 247:38-45. [PMID: 8986301 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1097-0185(199701)247:1<38::aid-ar6>3.0.co;2-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protein gene product 9.5 (PGP) and calbindin-D28k (calbindin) are neuroendocrine markers that have been localized to neuroendocrine cells in the developing tracheobronchial epithelium. Neuroendocrine cells may play some role in the development of the tracheobronchial epithelium. Little is known about the development of the nasal respiratory epithelium (RE). METHODS Nasal respiratory mucosa from fetal and newborn humans was examined to determine immunoreactivity for PGP and calbindin. RESULTS At all stages studied, cells of different morphologies displayed PGP-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and calbindin-LI. Columnar immunoreactive cells for both markers predominated, but labeled cells of different shapes were also observed. Most labeled columnar cells were in the RE at its border with olfactory epithelium (OE); a few similarly labeled columnar cells also appeared in this OE. In the lamina propria, PGP-LI was also seen in numerous thin branching fibers. Some of these branches penetrated into the epithelium, where fiber varicosities appeared to contact cells, some of which also exhibited PGP-LI. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that during development the human nasal RE contains different cell types, as illustrated by the assortment of epithelial cells displaying PGP-LI and calbindin-LI among unlabeled cells. Because PGP and calbindin immunoreactivities were found within neuroendocrine cells in previous studies, the present results indicate that the developing human nasal RE also may support a number of neuroendocrine cells. Furthermore, at least some of these cells may form synaptic contacts with nerve fibers from outside the epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Johnson
- Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State University, Pocatello 83209-8007, USA
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Miyawaki Y, Morisaki I, Tabata MJ, Kurisu K, Wakisaka S. Calbindin D28k-like immunoreactivity in the gustatory epithelium in the rat. Neurosci Lett 1996; 214:29-32. [PMID: 8873124 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3940(96)12871-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of calbindin D28k (CB)-like immunoreactivity (-LI) in the gustatory epithelium was examined in the adult rat. In the circumvallate and foliate papillae, CB-like immunoreactive (-IR) nerve fibers were observed in the subgemmal region, and some of these penetrated the taste buds. Two or three spindle-shaped gustatory cells displayed CB-LI in each taste bud of these lingual papillae; the immunoreactivity was restricted to the cytoplasm. In the fungiform papilla, CB-IR nerve fibers were detected in the subgemmal region, but no CB-IR cells were observed in the taste buds of the fungiform papillae. In the taste buds of the incisive papillae, many CB-IR intragemmal nerve fibers were observed, but no apparent CB-IR cells were detected. In the soft palate, CB-IR nerve fibers associated with the taste buds were also observed, but no CB-IR cells were detected in the taste buds. The present findings indicate that CB-IR gustatory cells were only localized in the taste buds in the posterior lingual papillae (circumvallate and foliate papillae), but not in the taste buds in other gustatory epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Miyawaki
- Department of Oral Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Osaka University Faculty of Dentistry, Japan
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Soto-Prior A, Cluzel M, Renard N, Ripoll C, Lavigne-Rebillard M, Eybalin M, Hamel CP. Molecular cloning and expression of alpha parvalbumin in the guinea pig cochlea. BRAIN RESEARCH. MOLECULAR BRAIN RESEARCH 1995; 34:337-42. [PMID: 8750839 DOI: 10.1016/0169-328x(95)00205-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
We have cloned and sequenced an alpha parvalbumin cDNA from the guinea pig cochlea. The deduced amino acid sequence shows greater identity with the rabbit sequence (86.3%) than with other mammalian sequences (< 82%). Using in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry, alpha parvalbumin mRNA and protein were found in primary auditory neurons and inner hair cells, in agreement with RT-PCR data showing alpha parvalbumin mRNA expression in the spiral ganglion and the organ or Corti.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Soto-Prior
- Neurobiologie de l'Audition-Plasticité Synaptique, INSERM U 254, Université de Montpellier
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Del Valle ME, Ciriaco E, Bronzetti E, Albuerne M, Naves FJ, Germana G, Vega JA. Calcium-binding proteins in avian herbst and grandry sensory corpuscles. Anat Rec (Hoboken) 1995; 243:272-81. [PMID: 8554183 DOI: 10.1002/ar.1092430214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M E Del Valle
- Departamento de Morfología y Biología Celular, Universidad de Oviedo, Spain
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18
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Abstract
Calcium-binding proteins can act as intermediaries between changing levels of free intracellular calcium ions and the physiological response of neurons. Some of these proteins, among them calbindin (CB), calretinin (CR) and parvalbumin (PV), can act as calcium buffers. A survey of previous studies in rodents and human fetuses leads to the impression that many spiral ganglion cells co-express CB, CR, and PV. The findings of the present study suggest that, in the adult marmoset, the expression of CB is restricted to a small number of cells, most likely type II ganglion cells, and that at least some of the numerous type I ganglion cells co-express CR and PV. In the neonate marmoset, large numbers of putative type I ganglion cells from the apical cochlear turn transiently expressed a light and granular labeling for CB-like immunoreactivity, in addition to the cells we believe to be type II ganglion cells exhibiting a strong and solid CB-like staining. The spiral ganglion cells in all developmental stages co-expressed the mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome oxidase. Furthermore, a small population of CB-LI axons of unknown origin was found to terminate near the CB-immunoreactive ganglion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B Spatz
- Unit for Morphological Brain Research, University of Freiburg, FRG
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19
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Johnson EW, Eller PM, Jafek BW. Distribution of OMP-, PGP 9.5- and CaBP-like immunoreactive chemoreceptor neurons in the developing human olfactory epithelium. ANATOMY AND EMBRYOLOGY 1995; 191:311-7. [PMID: 7645757 DOI: 10.1007/bf00534683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
We have examined the distribution of olfactory marker protein (OMP), protein gene product 9.5 (PGP 9.5) and calcium-binding protein D-28k (CaBP) in the olfactory epithelium of mid- to late fetal and newborn humans using immunocytochemistry. Olfactory chemoreceptor neurons (ORNs) in a 24-week-old female fetus, a 31-week-old male fetus and a newborn male were examined. OMP-like immunoreactivity (-LI) and PGP 9.5-LI were distributed throughout ORNs at all ages. CaBP-like immunoreactivity, however, was found only in clustered or isolated fetal ORNs; in the newborn, CaBP-LI was seen only in isolated ORNs sparsely distributed throughout the OE. These findings demonstrate that human ORNs express OMP-LI nearly 4 weeks earlier in development than previously reported. PGP 9.5-LI is coincidentally abundant within these cells, suggesting it may have an important role in mature ORNs. Because the number of ORNs expressing CaBP-LI decreases during perinatal development, CaBP may be important in intracellular calcium regulation during ORN growth and maturation in the developing OE.
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Affiliation(s)
- E W Johnson
- Department of Otolaryngology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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