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Parabakan Polat A, Erbek HS. Evaluation of Auditory Functions in Patients with Psoriasis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2023; 75:1386-1393. [PMID: 37636806 PMCID: PMC10447668 DOI: 10.1007/s12070-023-03564-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study aims to evaluate the functions of the middle and inner ear and the efferent auditory system in psoriasis. Hearing thresholds, resonance frequency, otoacoustic emission amplitudes with and without contralateral acoustic stimulation, contralateral suppression levels were evaluated in 35 psoriasis patients and 40 controls. The air-conduction hearing thresholds of the patients were significantly higher than the controls at 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, and 12,000 Hz frequencies in the left ear, and 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 Hz frequencies in the right ear, and the bone-conduction hearing thresholds of the patients were found to be significantly higher than the controls at all frequencies in the left ear, and 250, 500, 1000 and 2000 Hz in the right ear (p < 0.05). The resonance frequencies of patients were found to be significantly lower than the controls (p < 0.001). The emission amplitudes obtained with contralateral acoustic stimulation were significantly lower than without contralateral acoustic stimulation at 1 kHz frequency in both groups (p < 0.01). There was no significant difference in contralateral suppression levels of the two groups (p > 0.05). Our findings indicate that middle ear mechanics can be affected by psoriasis. There was no significant difference between psoriasis patients and healthy controls in terms of efferent auditory functions. There was a significant difference at limited frequency in hearing thresholds and emission amplitudes between the groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anı Parabakan Polat
- Department of Audiology, Gulhane Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Health Sciences, Emrah Neighborhood, Etlik, Keçiören, 06018 Ankara, Turkey
| | - Hatice Seyra Erbek
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Baskent University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yilmaz N, Soylemez E, Sanuc MB, Bayrak MH, Sener V. Sound energy absorbance changes in the elderly with presbycusis with normal outer and middle ear. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2022; 280:2265-2271. [PMID: 36350367 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-022-07742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the wideband tympanometry (WBT) findings in the elderly with presbycusis who have normal outer and middle ears according to otoscopic examination and traditional tympanometry, and to determine whether there is a relationship between the middle ear wideband absorbance value and the pure tone air-bone gap (ABG) observed especially at mid-high frequencies in the elderly. METHODS The study included 30 elderly with presbycusis (> 65 years old, presbycusis group) and 30 healthy individuals (control group) between the ages of 18 and 55. Pure tone air conduction and bone conduction thresholds of all participants were determined and WBT was applied to all participants. Resonance frequency (RF), absorbance ratios at peak pressure (PPAR) and ambient pressure (APAR) values were analyzed. RESULTS The RF value of the presbycusis group was lower than the control group (p < 0.05). APAR and PPAR values at 2000 and 4000 Hz and mean absorbance values of the presbycusis group were lower than the control group (p < 0.05). APAR was higher at 500 Hz in males than females (p < 0.05), but there was no difference between genders in RFs (p > 0.05). A moderate negative correlation was observed between ABG and both PPAR and APAR at 4000 Hz in presbycusis group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION it was determined that there was a decrease in RF and absorbances at 2000 and 4000 Hz in the elderly with presbycusis. Aging affects not only the inner ear but also the conduction mechanism of the middle ear. Our findings may be effective in a more accurate and reliable interpretation of WBT in the elderly with presbycusis.
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Corazzi V, Hatzopoulos S, Bianchini C, Skarżyńska MB, Pelucchi S, Skarżyński PH, Ciorba A. The Pathogenesis of secondary forms of Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED): advancing beyond the audiogram data. Expert Rev Clin Immunol 2021; 17:233-246. [PMID: 33476250 DOI: 10.1080/1744666x.2021.1879640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Autoimmune Inner Ear Disease (AIED) can be of a primary or secondary type. To date, a clear pathogenesis of the disease is still not available. Focusing on the secondary forms of AIED, the aim of this review is to (i) assess and describe the hearing involvement in patients affected by autoimmune diseases, (ii) describe the possible association between clinical features (among serological/laboratory data and disease activity/duration) and hearing impairment, (iii) show evidence connecting the AIED types with various etiopathogenetic mechanisms. AREAS COVERED A PRISMA-compliant systematic review was performed. Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Cinahl were searched from 1 January 2015 through to 5 August 2020. Overall, 16 studies (involving 1043 participants) were included in the review. The data in the literature suggested that bilateral mild-to-moderate sensorineural hearing loss is a commonly reported clinical symptom of AIED. EXPERT OPINION Patients with systemic autoimmune disorders present a cochlear injury which might be associated with the humoral and/or cellular immune response against the inner ear. To date, AIED pathogenesis remains an open issue, due to the rarity of these clinical entities and due to the difficulties in investigating the inner ear immunology, considering the inner ear inaccessibility for tissue sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Corazzi
- ENT and Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stavros Hatzopoulos
- ENT and Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Chiara Bianchini
- ENT and Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Magdalena B Skarżyńska
- Institute of Sensory Organs, Kajetany, Poland.,Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stefano Pelucchi
- ENT and Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piotr Henryk Skarżyński
- Institute of Sensory Organs, Kajetany, Poland.,Department of Teleaudiology and Screening, Institute of Physiology and Pathology of Hearing, Warsaw, Poland.,Department of Heart Failure and Cardiac Rehabilitation, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrea Ciorba
- ENT and Audiology Department, University Hospital of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Ismaiel A, Shaaban S, Hakim A, A. Gawad A. Assessment of auditory dysfunction as an extra-articular manifestation in rheumatoid arthritis using brainstem auditory-evoked potential. JOURNAL OF MEDICINE IN SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/jmisr.jmisr_29_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Gökçe ZV, Öztürk S, Paltura C. Evaluation of hearing in patients with rheumatoid arthritis compared with controls. ENT UPDATES 2019. [DOI: 10.32448/entupdates.574363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Nasution MES, Haryuna TSH. Elevated matrix metalloproteinase-3 level may affect hearing function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Chin Med Assoc 2019; 82:272-276. [PMID: 30893257 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease. Sensorineural and conductive hearing loss have been reported in RA, but the results of most studies are not in agreement. The pathogenesis of the hearing loss is not clearly understood. The presence of sensorineural hearing loss was related to matrix metalloproteinase-3 (MMP-3). The aim of this study was to assess hearing loss in RA patients and to examine the correlation between plasma MMP-3 levels and hearing loss in such patients. METHODS This is a cross-sectional and analytic research. Subjects consisted of 21 RA patients with hearing loss as a study group and 21 RA patients without hearing loss as controls. All patients were evaluated by pure tone audiometry and tympanometry. The amounts of plasma MMP-3 were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Pearson Chi-square test was used to determine the correlation of gender, age, disease duration, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and platelet count of both groups. Independent t-test was used to assess equality of mean values at 250 to 8000 Hz hearing thresholds, pure tone mean values, air-bone gaps, and MMP-3 plasma levels of both groups. RESULTS This study found sensorineural (76.2%), conductive (14.3%), and mixed (9.5%) hearing loss. The most common degree of hearing loss was mild (66.7%). There was an increased incidence of As-type tympanogram in the study group (28.6%) and control group (47.6%). There were significant differences between both groups in mean hearing thresholds (p < 0.001), mean of air conduction thresholds at 1000 to 8000 Hz (p < 0.05), and mean of bone conduction thresholds in all frequencies (p < 0.05). The significant difference of mean MMP-3 levels was also found between the groups (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Hearing loss is a common finding in RA. MMP-3 plasma contributed to degrade the incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joints and could damage the inner ear hair cells due to oxidative process in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Edy Syahputra Nasution
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
| | - Tengku Siti Hajar Haryuna
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Sumatera Utara, Indonesia
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Gottlieb PK, Vaisbuch Y, Puria S. Human ossicular-joint flexibility transforms the peak amplitude and width of impulsive acoustic stimuli. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2018; 143:3418. [PMID: 29960477 PMCID: PMC5991968 DOI: 10.1121/1.5039845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The role of the ossicular joints in the mammalian middle ear is still debated. This work tests the hypothesis that the two synovial joints filter potentially damaging impulsive stimuli by transforming both the peak amplitude and width of these impulses before they reach the cochlea. The three-dimensional (3D) velocity along the ossicular chain in unaltered cadaveric human temporal bones (N = 9), stimulated with acoustic impulses, is measured in the time domain using a Polytec (Waldbronn, Germany) CLV-3D laser Doppler vibrometer. The measurements are repeated after fusing one or both of the ossicular joints with dental cement. Sound transmission is characterized by measuring the amplitude, width, and delay of the impulsive velocity profile as it travels from the eardrum to the cochlea. On average, fusing both ossicular joints causes the stapes velocity amplitude and width to change by a factor of 1.77 (p = 0.0057) and 0.78 (p = 0.011), respectively. Fusing just the incudomalleolar joint has a larger effect on amplitude (a factor of 2.37), while fusing just the incudostapedial joint decreases the stapes velocity on average. The 3D motion of the ossicles is altered by fusing the joints. Finally, the ability of current computational models to predict this behavior is also evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter K Gottlieb
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yona Vaisbuch
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Sunil Puria
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eaton-Peabody Laboratories, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, 243 Charles Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA
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Rahne T, Clauß F, Plontke SK, Keyßer G. Prevalence of hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA, Wegener’s granulomatosis), or systemic lupus erythematosus. Clin Rheumatol 2017; 36:1501-1510. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-017-3651-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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El-Gharib AM, El-Barbary AM, Aboelhawa MA, Elkholy RM. Audiovestibular function in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). Acta Otolaryngol 2016; 136:1058-63. [PMID: 27268716 DOI: 10.1080/00016489.2016.1185537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
CONCLUSION It was found that JIR children had potential sensory neural hearing loss and vestibular affection. Therefore, this study recommends: early complete audiologic evaluation of JIA child followed by regular follow-up, including TOAEs, extended high-frequency audiometry, and VNG. This follow-up is important for preliminary diagnosis and management in order to prevent the negative impact of hearing loss on a child's life. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to assess hearing in children with Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and compare them with a healthy control group. In addition to conventional audiometry, extended high-frequency audiometry and Transient otoacoustic emission (TOAEs) were used. This study also tried to investigate the vestibular function in JIR children by videonystagmography (VNG). PATIENTS AND METHODS The study group comprised of 28 children with JIR and 28 healthy children. All subjects were examined audiologically using basic audiological evaluation, high-frequency audiometry, TOAEs, and VNG. RESULTS Children with JIR had apparent normal peripheral hearing in conventional audiometry; sub-clinical sensory neural hearing loss was detected. This sub-clinical hearing loss appeared in statistically significant difference between them and normal in high-frequency audiometry and TOAEs. VNG test results showed affected tracking and second tests.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marwa Ahmed Aboelhawa
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
| | - Radwa Mostafa Elkholy
- Department of Rheumatology and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt
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Chen R, Schwander M, Barbe MF, Chan MM. Ossicular Bone Damage and Hearing Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Correlated Functional and High Resolution Morphometric Study in Collagen-Induced Arthritic Mice. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164078. [PMID: 27690307 PMCID: PMC5045188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Globally, a body of comparative case-control studies suggests that rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients are more prone to developing hearing loss (HL). However, experimental evidence that supports this hypothesis is still lacking because the human auditory organ is not readily accessible. The aim of this study was to determine the association between bone damage to the ossicles of the middle ear and HL, using a widely accepted murine model of collagen-induced arthritis (RA mice). Diarthrodial joints in the middle ear were examined with microcomputer tomography (microCT), and hearing function was assessed by auditory brainstem response (ABR). RA mice exhibited significantly decreased hearing sensitivity compared to age-matched controls. Additionally, a significant narrowing of the incudostapedial joint space and an increase in the porosity of the stapes were observed. The absolute latencies of all ABR waves were prolonged, but mean interpeak latencies were not statistically different. The observed bone defects in the middle ear that were accompanied by changes in ABR responses were consistent with conductive HL. This combination suggests that conductive impairment is at least part of the etiology of RA-induced HL in a murine model. Whether the inner ear sustains bone erosion or other pathology, and whether the cochlear nerve sustains pathology await subsequent studies. Considering the fact that certain anti-inflammatories are ototoxic in high doses, monitoring RA patients’ auditory function is advisable as part of the effort to ensure their well-being.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rensa Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine-Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
| | - Martin Schwander
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, United States of America
| | - Mary F. Barbe
- Department of Anatomy, Lewis Katz School of Medicine-Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
| | - Marion M. Chan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine-Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, 19140, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Tucker RP, Peterson CA, Hendaoui I, Bichet S, Chiquet-Ehrismann R. The expression of tenascin-C and tenascin-W in human ossicles. J Anat 2016; 229:416-21. [PMID: 27230945 DOI: 10.1111/joa.12496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ossicles of the middle ear (the malleus, incus and stapes) transmit forces resulting from vibrations of the tympanic membrane to the cochlea where they are coded as sound. Hearing loss can result from diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) that affect the joints between the ossicles or degenerative processes like otosclerosis that lead to ankylosis of the footplate of the stapes in the oval window of the cochlea. In this study, immunohistochemistry was used to determine if the extracellular matrix glycoproteins tenascin-C or tenascin-W are expressed in the incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joints of ossicles dissected from human cadavers. Tenascin-C, which is expressed during inflammatory conditions including RA, was seen in the articular cartilage of the incudomalleolar joints and the head of the stapes. Tenascin-W, in contrast, was enriched in the annular ligament that anchors the footplate of the stapes into the oval window of the cochlea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Tucker
- Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn A Peterson
- Department of Physical Therapy, University of the Pacific, Stockton, CA, USA
| | - Ismail Hendaoui
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Sandrine Bichet
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Ruth Chiquet-Ehrismann
- Friedrich Miescher Institute for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland.,Faculty of Science, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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Lasso de la Vega M, Villarreal IM, Lopez-Moya J, Garcia-Berrocal JR. Examination of Hearing in a Rheumatoid Arthritis Population: Role of Extended-High-Frequency Audiometry in the Diagnosis of Subclinical Involvement. SCIENTIFICA 2016; 2016:5713283. [PMID: 27239375 PMCID: PMC4863125 DOI: 10.1155/2016/5713283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Objective. The aim of this study is to analyze the high-frequency hearing levels in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to determine the relationship between hearing loss, disease duration, and immunological parameters. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study including fifty-three patients with rheumatoid arthritis was performed. The control group consisted of 71 age- and sex-matched patients from the study population (consecutively recruited in Madrid "Area 9," from January 2010 to February 2011). Both a pure tone audiometry and an extended-high-frequency audiometry were performed. Results. Extended-high-frequency audiometry diagnosed sensorineural hearing loss in 69.8% of the patients which exceeded the results obtained with pure tone audiometry (43% of the patients). This study found significant correlations in patients with sensorineural hearing loss related to age, sex, and serum anti-cardiolipin (aCL) antibody levels. Conclusion. Sensorineural hearing loss must be considered within the clinical context of rheumatoid arthritis. Our results demonstrated that an extended-high-frequency audiometry is a useful audiological test that must be performed within the diagnostic and follow-up testing of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, providing further insight into a disease-modifying treatment or a hearing loss preventive treatment.
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Yıldırım A, Uzun SE, Sürücü GD, Doğan S, Karabiber M, Sarıkay Y. Evaluation of Hearing Functions with Audiological Tests in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATIONS 2016. [DOI: 10.5799/jcei.328683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Treviño-González JL, Villegas-González MJ, Muñoz-Maldonado GE, Montero-Cantu CA, Nava-Zavala AH, Garza-Elizondo MA. [Subclinical sensorineural hearing loss in female patients with rheumatoid arthritis]. CIR CIR 2015; 83:364-70. [PMID: 26141107 DOI: 10.1016/j.circir.2015.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rheumatoid arthritis is a clinical entity capable to cause hearing impairment that can be diagnosed promptly with high frequencies audiometry. OBJECTIVE To detect subclinical sensorineural hearing loss in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cross-sectional study on patients with rheumatoid arthritis performing high frequency audiometry 125Hz to 16,000Hz and tympanometry. The results were correlated with markers of disease activity and response to therapy. RESULTS High frequency audiometry was performed in 117 female patients aged from 19 to 65 years. Sensorineural hearing loss was observed at a sensitivity of pure tones from 125 to 8,000 Hz in 43.59%, a tone threshold of 10,000 to 16,000Hz in 94.02% patients in the right ear and in 95.73% in the left ear. Hearing was normal in 8 (6.84%) patients. Hearing loss was observed in 109 (93.16%), and was asymmetric in 36 (30.77%), symmetric in 73 (62.37%), bilateral in 107 (91.45%), unilateral in 2 (1.71%), and no conduction and/or mixed hearing loss was encountered. Eight (6.83%) patients presented vertigo, 24 (20.51%) tinnitus. Tympanogram type A presented in 88.90% in the right ear and 91.46% in the left ear, with 5.98 to 10.25% type As. Stapedius reflex was present in 75.3 to 85.2%. Speech discrimination in the left ear was significantly different (p = 0.02)in the group older than 50 years. No association was found regarding markers of disease activity, but there was an association with the onset of rheumatoid arthritis disease. CONCLUSIONS Patients with rheumatoid arthritis had a high prevalence of sensorineural hearing loss for high and very high frequencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis Treviño-González
- Centro Universitario de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México.
| | - Mario Jesús Villegas-González
- Centro Universitario de Otorrinolaringología y Cirugía de Cabeza y Cuello, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | | | - Carlos Alberto Montero-Cantu
- Subdirección de Posgrado, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
| | - Arnulfo Hernán Nava-Zavala
- Unidad de Alta Especialidad, Hospital de Especialidades, Centro Médico Nacional de Occidente. Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México. Universidad Autónoma de Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco, México
| | - Mario Alberto Garza-Elizondo
- Servicio de Reumatología, Hospital Universitario, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Monterrey, Nuevo León, México
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Selim ZI, Hamed SA, Elattar AM. Peripheral and central auditory pathways function with rheumatoid arthritis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CLINICAL RHEUMATOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 21695659 DOI: 10.2217/ijr.15.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Pascual-Ramos V, Contreras-Yáñez I, Rivera-Hoyos P, Enríquez L, Ramírez-Anguiano J. Cumulative disease activity predicts incidental hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Clin Rheumatol 2014; 33:315-21. [DOI: 10.1007/s10067-014-2485-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 01/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hearing Impairment in a Tertiary-Care-Level Population of Mexican Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients. J Clin Rheumatol 2012. [DOI: 10.1097/rhu.0b013e31827732d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Flexibility within the middle ears of vertebrates. The Journal of Laryngology & Otology 2012; 127:2-14. [PMID: 23146175 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215112002496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Tympanic middle ears have evolved multiple times independently among vertebrates, and share common features. We review flexibility within tympanic middle ears and consider its physiological and clinical implications. COMPARATIVE ANATOMY The chain of conducting elements is flexible: even the 'single ossicle' ears of most non-mammalian tetrapods are functionally 'double ossicle' ears due to mobile articulations between the stapes and extrastapes; there may also be bending within individual elements. SIMPLE MODELS Simple models suggest that flexibility will generally reduce the transmission of sound energy through the middle ear, although in certain theoretical situations flexibility within or between conducting elements might improve transmission. The most obvious role of middle-ear flexibility is to protect the inner ear from high-amplitude displacements. CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS Inter-ossicular joint dysfunction is associated with a number of pathologies in humans. We examine attempts to improve prosthesis design by incorporating flexible components.
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Alonso L, Gutierrez-Farfan I, Peña-Ayala A, Perez-Bastidas ME, Espinosa R. Clinical significance of auditive involvement in rheumatoid arthritis: a case-control study. ISRN RHEUMATOLOGY 2011; 2011:208627. [PMID: 22482066 PMCID: PMC3317080 DOI: 10.5402/2011/208627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2010] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can involve the incudomalleolar or incudostapedial articulations. Objective. To know the punctual prevalence of audiological alterations in patients with RA. Patients and Methods. RA patients and their controls (Cs), were evaluated by Tonal Audiometry (AU); if there were alterations in the air conduction (AC), bone conduction (BC), Logoaudiometry (LG), and Tympanometry (T) were performed. Results. 45 RA patients and 45 Cs were evaluated. RA patients had 40% of bilateral and 17.8% unilateral alteration versus Cs with 22.2% bilateral and 4.4% unilateral alteration versus Cs with 22.2% bilateral and 4.4% unilateral in AC audiometry. In conventional T (CT) As-type curves in patients with RA, there were 22 LE (48.8%) and 26 RE (57.7%) versus Cs, there were16 RE (35.5%) and 20 LE (44.4%). In High-frequency T (HFT): the 3B1G pattern in RA more frequent versus Controls (Cs) in RE (P = .002 and LE (P = .01). There were no differences according to RA activity or RA disease evolution. Conclusions. There is a greater tendency of auditive loss of As curves in CT (rigidity in ossicular chain) and of the 3B1G pattern in HFT in RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Alonso
- Audiology Department, Instituto Nacional de Rehabilitación, Avenida México-Xochimilco 289, Arenal de Guadalupe, Tlalpan, 14389 México City, Mexico
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Milisavljevic D, Stankovic M, Zivic M, Radovanović Z, Stankovic P. Changes in auditory ossicles in rheumatoid arthritis: scanning electron microscopic study. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 267:363-6. [PMID: 19727791 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-009-1072-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to define the existence of surface changes on auditory ossicles caused by rheumatoid arthritis. The study comprised of nine pairs of auditory ossicles (mallei and incudes) from autopsy of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, and five pairs of ossicles from persons without RA, taken during autopsies. The specimens were studied with JEOL JSM 5300 type scanning electron microscope. Surface changes of auditory ossicles were defined, affected areas were calculated, and expressed in percentage of total surface. Changes in auditory ossicles in patients with rheumatoid arthritis are significantly higher than in control ossicles, both on ossicular surface and articulations. Increased lysis of incudes, especially in the region of long propagation, corresponds to vascular damage. Articular degeneration is also present, indicating specific rheumatoid alteration. Both changes are statistically more intense in cases with longer duration of disease. In conclusion, rheumatoid arthritis reduces vascularity of auditory ossicles and causes degeneration of articular surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusan Milisavljevic
- Clinic for Otorhinolaryngology, University Clinical Center Nis, Bul. Z. Djindjica 52, 18000 Nis, Serbia.
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Agrup C. Immune-mediated audiovestibular disorders in the paediatric population: A review. Int J Audiol 2009; 47:560-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14992020802282268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dikici O, Muluk NB, Tosun AK, Unlüsoy I. Subjective audiological tests and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of the factors affecting hearing levels. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2009; 266:1719-26. [PMID: 19360433 DOI: 10.1007/s00405-009-0975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2008] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We investigated hearing functions in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) using audiological tests and transient evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs). The study group consisted of 20 adult patients with RA (7 males, 13 females); 20 adult healthy subjects without RA (7 males, 13 females) were recruited as controls. All patients were evaluated by pure tone audiometry, high frequency audiometry, tympanometry and TEOAEs. There were no statistical differences between the study and control groups with respect to the pure tone and high frequency audiometries. TEOAE results of 1.0-2.0 kHz % and of 1.5 and 3.0 kHz amplitude values were significantly lower, and ipsilateral stapes reflex threshold value at 1.0 kHz was significantly higher in the study group when compared to respective values in the control group. In elderly patients and those with longer disease duration, RA nodules and higher methotrexate cumulative doses, hearing thresholds increased and TEOAE values decreased. In active stage of the disease, hearing thresholds diminished and in higher Brinkman Index values, TEOAE values decreased. Compliance values decreased in patients with higher Ritchie Articular Index, C-reactive protein, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and platelet counts, and longer disease duration. Sensorineural hearing loss is generally observed in patients with RA, and this condition may be detected by TEOAEs in an early period of the disease. Inflammation during the active stage of the disease and the subsequent fibrosis may cause conductive hearing loss of varying degrees. In those patients detected as having initiation of TEOAE decrease, vasodilator treatment and antioxidant drugs may be useful in protecting the inner ear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oğuzhan Dikici
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Whyte Orozco JR, Cisneros Gimeno AI, Gotor CY, Obón Nogues JÁ, Sanz RP, Gañet Solé JF, Fraile Rodrigo JJ. Desarrollo ontogénico de la articulación incudoestapedial. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(08)75986-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Muszyński P, Składzień J, Reroń E, Strek P, Popielski L, Dutsch-Wicherel M, Kocoń S, Bartnik J. [Transient evoked otoacustic emission in children with juvenile idiopatic arthritis]. Otolaryngol Pol 2008; 61:972-8. [PMID: 18546945 DOI: 10.1016/s0030-6657(07)70563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JCA) is an inflammatory systemic disease of connective tissue which etiology is still unknown. Progressive arthritis is the basic symptom, with pain, oedema, stiffness and movement impediment are typical for. Chronic process of arthritis might be accompanied by rheumatoid nodes, pericarditis, myocarditis, changes in the lungs and kidney, which appear with various frequency and indicates on systemic form of disease. The incudo-malleolar and incudo-stapedial joints are synovial in type. It should be expected that these joints might be affected by rheumatoid changes similar to those observed in joints in other parts of the body. Copeman was the first who described transient conductive hearing loss in patients with exacerbated rheumatoid process--and he called it oto-arthritis. He stressed that it was the consequence of the rheumatoid lesions in joints of ear ossicules. In adult patients with JCA in 60% of cases the perceptive hearing-loss is observed possibly because of the chronic course of the disease and its farmacological treatment. The aim of the study was the assessment of the functional state of the peripheral part of hearing organ on the basis of TEOAE. This study was preceded by examination of hearing with pure tone audiometry, speech audiometry, high frequency audiometry and impedance audiometry. The analysis of results was done in correllation to form of JCA and its activity. The research was carried out on the group of 45 children suffering from JCA; 14 boys and 31 girls between 5-18 years of age. In all children from experimental group the examination was performed in the active phase of disease process. Mean duration of the disease was 33.5 month. In all children TEOAE was obtained no matter on the form of JCA. Children with systematicus form of JCA--more aggressive type than others--have the recordings of TEOAE with small amplitude and narrow range of frequency. Those results show that rheumatoid lesions in conductive mechanism of the middle ear are insufficient for the development of the conductive hearing loss. As a results of chronic pathological process destructions of hearing organ may lead to the cochlear lesions and this way to perceptive hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Muszyński
- Katedra i Klinika Otolaryngologii Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie
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Whyte Orozco JR, Cisneros Gimeno AI, Yus Gotor C, Obón Nogues JÁ, Pérez Sanz R, Gañet Solé JF, Fraile Rodrigo JJ. Ontogenic Development of the Incudostapedial Joint. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5735(08)70259-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Ikiz AO, Unsal E, Kirkim G, Erdag TK, Guneri EA. Hearing loss and middle ear involvement in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol 2007; 71:1079-85. [PMID: 17482280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2007] [Revised: 03/27/2007] [Accepted: 03/27/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluation of the hearing status and middle ear function of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. METHODS The study group was comprised of 38 ears of 19 patients (6 males, 13 females) aged between 5 and 23 years. The control group was comprised of 30 ears of 15 healthy subjects (5 males, 10 females) aged between 5 and 22 years. All subjects were examined audiologically using tympanometry, stapedial reflex, acoustic reflex decay, pure-tone audiometry, high frequency audiometry and transient evoked otoacoustic emission tests. RESULTS There were statistically significant (p<0.05) number of ears (32%) with abnormal tympanograms in the patient population while all tympanograms were normal, type A in the control group. Seven type As, 2 type Ad, and 3 type C tympanograms were seen in the patient population. In pure tone audiometry tests there was no subject having neither a conductive nor sensorineural hearing loss individually in both groups. But as a group, patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis showed statistically significant elevation of air conduction thresholds at frequencies of 250, 500, 6000, 14,000 and 16,000 Hz for right ears; and at 500, 2000, 12,500 and 16,000 Hz for left ears; and larger air-bone gaps at 500 and 2000 Hz for right ears; and at 500 Hz for left ears (p<0.05). Comparison of bone conduction thresholds and otoacoustic emission tests between both groups did not reveal any statistically significant difference (p>0.05). CONCLUSION This study suggests a dual effect of disease on both the middle and inner ear of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Presence of abnormal tympanograms together with worse air conduction thresholds at lower frequencies as well as larger air bone gaps at frequencies of 500 and 2000 Hz suggest subclinical middle ear involvement; while hearing losses at 6000 Hz and very high frequencies of 12,500, 14,000 and 16,000 Hz suggest inner involvement at an early stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Omer Ikiz
- Dokuz Eylul University School of Medicine, Department of Ear Nose Throat and Head and Neck Surgery, 35340 Izmir, Turkey.
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García Callejo FJ, Conill Tobías N, Muñoz Fernández N, de Paula Vernetta C, Alonso Castañeir I, Marco Algarra J. Deterioro auditivo en pacientes con artritis reumatoide. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0001-6519(07)74919-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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García Callejo FJ, Conill Tobías N, Muñoz Fernández N, Paula Vernetta CD, Alonso Castañeira I, Marco Algarra J. Hearing Impairment in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. ACTA OTORRINOLARINGOLOGICA ESPANOLA 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s2173-5735(07)70341-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Rawool VW, Harrington BT. Middle ear admittance and hearing abnormalities in individuals with osteoarthritis. Audiol Neurootol 2006; 12:127-36. [PMID: 17264476 DOI: 10.1159/000097799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2006] [Accepted: 09/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In osteoarthritis, the joint cartilage breaks down. Cartilage exists within the incudomalleolar and incudostapedial joints. In addition, the cartilage-covered base of the stapes footplate is bound to the cartilage-covered rim of the oval window by the annular ligament. Thus, higher prevalence of middle ear abnormalities and hearing loss can be expected in osteoarthritis due to degeneration of the cartilage and the subsequent abnormal repair response. In this study, tympanometric and audiometric data were obtained from 15 individuals diagnosed with osteoarthritis and 15 gender- and age-matched individuals without the diagnosis of arthritis. Results showed a significantly higher prevalence of middle ear abnormalities and hearing loss in ears with arthritis when compared to the control group. Interestingly, osteoarthritis and hearing loss are considered among the top chronic health concerns in older individuals although the connection between these two conditions has not been previously reported.
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Halligan CS, Bauch CD, Brey RH, Achenbach SJ, Bamlet WR, McDonald TJ, Matteson EL. Hearing Loss in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Laryngoscope 2006; 116:2044-9. [PMID: 17075400 DOI: 10.1097/01.mlg.0000241365.54017.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to evaluate whether patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are more likely to have subclinical hearing loss compared with persons without RA. METHODS This is a case-control cross-sectional study of 29 patients with RA with disease duration greater than 5 years. Five males and five females were recruited into each decade category (age 40-49, 50-59, and 60-69). These cases were matched in a 1:1 ratio by sex and age to 30 control subjects. A comprehensive set of audiometric and disease severity assessments were performed. RESULTS Seventeen (59%) of 29 patients with RA had abnormal hearing for at least one frequency (four in one ear, 13 in two ears) by audiometry as did 14 (47%) of 30 control subjects (five in one ear, nine in two ears). The percentage of patients with hearing loss (% RA vs. % control subjects) was: 45% versus 40% sensorineural, 10% versus 7% conductive, and 3% versus 0% mixed hearing loss. In RA versus control subjects, acoustic reflex threshold was abnormal in 17% versus 7%; speech reception threshold was abnormal in 10% versus 3%. Tympanometry and otoacoustic emission findings were similar in both groups. Word recognition did not differ between patients with RA and control subjects. In patients with RA/control subjects, hearing handicap, dizziness, and health assessment questionnaires were abnormal in 28%/7%, 14%/3%, and 72%/7%, respectively. CONCLUSION There was no difference found in objective audiometric measurements in patients with RA compared with non-RA control subjects. Subjectively patients with RA were more likely to perceive themselves as having hearing disturbances, which may be related to overall disease related functional impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine S Halligan
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota 55905, USA
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Takatsu M, Higaki M, Kinoshita H, Mizushima Y, Koizuka I. Ear Involvement in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis. Otol Neurotol 2005; 26:755-61. [PMID: 16015180 DOI: 10.1097/01.mao.0000178138.19848.bd] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study evaluates the degree of hearing impairment in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and examines the correlation between hearing impairment and the clinical data or chemical mediators. BACKGROUND Both sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and conductive hearing loss (CHL) have been reported in patients with RA, but the results of most studies are not in agreement, and the pathophysiology of hearing impairment in RA is not well known. METHODS Hearing in patients with RA and controls was examined using pure-tone audiometry and tympanometry. Also, the amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases in addition to antibodies against type II collagen in plasma of the patients with RA were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The frequency of SNHL in the patients with RA was higher than in normal controls (36.1% versus 13.9%), and bone conduction at 2,000 Hz differed significantly between the patients with RA and the controls (p < 0.01). Moreover, the presence of SNHL was related to ESR (p < 0.05), plasma interleukin-6 (p < 0.05), and plasma matrix metalloproteinase-3 (p < 0.001). On the other hand, CHL was not observed, whereas As-type tympanograms increased in the patients with RA (p < 0.01). Abnormal tympanograms were not related to any clinical findings or any chemical mediators tested. CONCLUSION We demonstrated that there is increased SNHL in patients with RA, which may result from systemic inflammation and tissue injury, and increased latent-type CHL caused by stiffness of the middle ear system whose mechanisms are not yet clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuharu Takatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology, St. Marianna Medical University, Kawasaki, Kanagawa, Japan
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Oztürk A, Yalçin S, Kaygusuz I, Sahin S, Gök U, Karlidağ T, Ardiçoglŭ O. High-frequency hearing loss and middle ear involvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Otolaryngol 2004; 25:411-7. [PMID: 15547810 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2004.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to evaluate the possible changes in the middle ears of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and to measure their hearing functions by eleven different test frequencies including standard and high frequencies. MATERIALS AND METHODS The study group was comprised of 74 patients with RA. The control group was comprised of 45 healthy subjects. We performed speech test, tympanometry, acoustic reflex test, and standard and high-frequency pure tone audiometric tests in the study and the control groups. RESULTS It was observed that significant increases in the thresholds of pure tones in all test frequencies for the study group versus the controls (P <.0001). In terms of the duration of the disease, hearing loss of the patients with disease duration of 1 to 5 years was higher than that of the controls and exceeded beyond the level of 20 dB especially in high frequencies starting from 10,000 Hz. In patients with disease duration of 6 to 10 years, the beginning point for hearing loss was 4,000 Hz. The patients with disease duration of 11 to 15 years and of above 16 years had high hearing thresholds in all frequencies. We found normal pressure in the middle ears of the study and the control groups. CONCLUSION Sensorineural type hearing loss developed in patients with RA especially in high frequencies. We also determined a diminished compliance in the middle ears of those patients, but this was not in a level of a conducting type hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmet Oztürk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Firat University, 23119 Elaziğ, Turkey
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