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Kohli-Lynch M, Russell NJ, Seale AC, Dangor Z, Tann CJ, Baker CJ, Bartlett L, Cutland C, Gravett MG, Heath PT, Ip M, Le Doare K, Madhi SA, Rubens CE, Saha SK, Schrag S, Sobanjo-ter Meulen A, Vekemans J, O’Sullivan C, Nakwa F, Ben Hamouda H, Soua H, Giorgakoudi K, Ladhani S, Lamagni T, Rattue H, Trotter C, Lawn JE. Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Children After Group B Streptococcal Disease Worldwide: Systematic Review and Meta-analyses. Clin Infect Dis 2017; 65:S190-S199. [PMID: 29117331 PMCID: PMC5848372 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cix663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Survivors of infant group B streptococcal (GBS) disease are at risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI), a burden not previously systematically quantified. This is the 10th of 11 articles estimating the burden of GBS disease. Here we aimed to estimate NDI in survivors of infant GBS disease. METHODS We conducted systematic literature reviews (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature [LILACS], World Health Organization Library Information System [WHOLIS], and Scopus) and sought unpublished data on the risk of NDI after invasive GBS disease in infants <90 days of age. We did meta-analyses to derive pooled estimates of the percentage of infants with NDI following GBS meningitis. RESULTS We identified 6127 studies, of which 18 met eligibility criteria, all from middle- or high-income contexts. All 18 studies followed up survivors of GBS meningitis; only 5 of these studies also followed up survivors of GBS sepsis and were too few to pool in a meta-analysis. Of meningitis survivors, 32% (95% CI, 25%-38%) had NDI at 18 months of follow-up, including 18% (95% CI, 13%-22%) with moderate to severe NDI. CONCLUSIONS GBS meningitis is an important risk factor for moderate to severe NDI, affecting around 1 in 5 survivors. However, data are limited, and we were unable to estimate NDI after GBS sepsis. Comparability of studies is difficult due to methodological differences including variability in timing of clinical reviews and assessment tools. Follow-up of clinical cases and standardization of methods are essential to fully quantify the total burden of NDI associated with GBS disease, and inform program priorities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maya Kohli-Lynch
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Neal J Russell
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- King’s College London, United Kingdom
| | - Anna C Seale
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- College of Health and Medical Sciences, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
| | - Ziyaad Dangor
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, and
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Cally J Tann
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Neonatal Medicine, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom
| | - Carol J Baker
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Linda Bartlett
- Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Clare Cutland
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, and
| | - Michael G Gravett
- Global Alliance to Prevent Prematurity and Stillbirth, Seattle, Washington
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Washington, Seattle
| | - Paul T Heath
- Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s Hospital, University of London and St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom;
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chinese University of Hong Kong
| | - Kirsty Le Doare
- Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s Hospital, University of London and St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom;
- Centre for International Child Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- Medical Research Council, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit
- Department of Science and Technology/National Research Foundation, Vaccine Preventable Diseases, and
- National Institute for Communicable Diseases, National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Craig E Rubens
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Stephanie Schrag
- National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | | | | | - Catherine O’Sullivan
- Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s Hospital, University of London and St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom;
| | - Firdose Nakwa
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Hechmi Ben Hamouda
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Tahar Sfar, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | - Habib Soua
- Department of Neonatology, University Hospital Tahar Sfar, Mahdia, Tunisia
| | | | | | | | - Hilary Rattue
- Vaccine Institute, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George’s Hospital, University of London and St George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, United Kingdom;
| | | | - Joy E Lawn
- Maternal, Adolescent, Reproductive and Child Health Centre, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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Kaul V, Harish R, Ganjoo S, Mahajan B, Raina SK, Koul D. Importance of obtaining lumbar puncture in neonates with late onset septicemia a hospital based observational study from north-west India. J Clin Neonatol 2013; 2:83-7. [PMID: 24049750 PMCID: PMC3775142 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4847.116407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of meningitis in cases with late onset septicemia (LOS). MATERIALS AND METHODS A prospective study was carried out for a period of 1 year in a tertiary care hospital in North West India to estimate the prevalence of meningitis in cases of LOS. In all the admitted neonates with features of sepsis with a positive C-reactive protein, a lumbar puncture (LP) was carried out and results interpreted on the basis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cytology and biochemistry. Simultaneous blood and CSF cultures were also taken. All other baseline investigations were performed and in those diagnosed as meningitis an ultrasound head was carried out prior to discharge. No urine cultures were obtained. RESULTS The study showed the prevalence of meningitis as 22.5% in neonates with LOS with statistically significant implications of meningitis versus gestation, sex, acquired the place of infection, and outcome in terms of sequelae/mortality. CONCLUSIONS Meningitis is commonly associated with late onset sepsis hence LP should be the standard of care in such neonates as the treatment protocol and the outcome is directly proportional to the diagnosis at initial presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varun Kaul
- Department of Pediatrics, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India
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Abstract
Neonatal meningitis is a serious problem with a high mortality and frequent neurological sequelae. The incidence of neonatal meningitis was calculated and the aetiology, clinical and laboratory features, and the treatment of cases recorded prospectively over a 7 year 8 month period was documented. It was further investigated whether secondary meningitis had occurred after lumbar puncture. The estimated incidence of bacterial, viral, and fungal meningitis was 0.25, 0.11, and 0.02 per 1000 live births respectively. There were eight cases of early onset meningitis (seven definite, one probable) and group B streptococci accounted for six (75%) of these. Blood cultures were negative in only one of seven cases of definite early bacterial meningitis. Of the 15 late onset cases, Gram negative organisms accounted for six of the seven bacterial cases. The overall mortality was 26%. Of the 11 survivors of bacterial meningitis, three (27%) had significant neurological sequelae at follow up (between three months to three years later). As in the first 48 hours after birth an initial blood culture is unlikely to be negative if bacterial meningitis is present, lumbar puncture can be deferred if the procedure might exacerbate respiratory distress. Although approximately 1880 infants had a lumbar puncture during the review period, only one case of meningitis was found where it was possible that lumbar puncture in a bacteraemic infant may have caused meningeal infection. The incidence of this potential complication must therefore be low.
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MESH Headings
- Birth Weight
- England/epidemiology
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Incidence
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/epidemiology
- Intensive Care Units, Neonatal/statistics & numerical data
- Meningitis/cerebrospinal fluid
- Meningitis/epidemiology
- Meningitis/mortality
- Meningitis, Bacterial/diagnosis
- Meningitis, Bacterial/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Bacterial/microbiology
- Meningitis, Fungal/epidemiology
- Meningitis, Viral/epidemiology
- Prospective Studies
- Spinal Puncture
- Streptococcal Infections/microbiology
- Streptococcus agalactiae
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hristeva
- Neonatal Unit, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford
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Häyrinen J, Pelkonen S, Finne J. Structural similarity of the type-specific group B streptococcal polysaccharides and the carbohydrate units of tissue glycoproteins: evaluation of possible cross-reactivity. Vaccine 1989; 7:217-24. [PMID: 2675485 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(89)90232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Type-specific capsular polysaccharides of group B streptococci show striking structural similarity with the terminal sugar sequences of tissue glycoconjugates. The polysaccharides have been put forward as vaccines against neonatal meningitis. A potential source of hazard in immunization of pregnant mothers may be the presence of the cross-reactive components in adult or fetal tissues. A radioactive ligand binding assay was used to test human immune sera to type Ia, II and III group B streptococcal polysaccharides for binding to tissue-derived glycopeptides showing structural similarities with the streptococcal polysaccharides. Of the 13 glycopeptides of human and rat tissues studied, representing a wide selection of structures known to occur in glycoproteins, only two showed some reactivity with the antisera. The reactivity with human small intestinal glycopeptides could be explained by the presence of natural blood group A antibodies, and was not related to the streptococcal group B antibodies. The basis of the reactivity of a high-molecular-weight glycopeptide from rat kidney with some of the sera was unknown, but was unrelated to the vaccination and clearly could not be inhibited with the streptococcal polysaccharides. Thus, no immunological cross-reactions of the tissue glycopeptides studied could be demonstrated with the group B streptococcal antisera.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Häyrinen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Kuopio, Finland
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