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Phuna ZX, Madhavan P. A CLOSER LOOK AT THE MYCOBIOME IN ALZHEIMER'S DISEASE: FUNGAL SPECIES, PATHOGENESIS AND TRANSMISSION. Eur J Neurosci 2022; 55:1291-1321. [DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xin Phuna
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
| | - Priya Madhavan
- School of Medicine, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor’s University Malaysia Subang Jaya Selangor
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Kantarcioglu AS, Guarro J, De Hoog S, Apaydin H, Kiraz N. An updated comprehensive systematic review of Cladophialophora bantiana and analysis of epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of cerebral cases. Med Mycol 2018; 55:579-604. [PMID: 28007938 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myw124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cladophialophora bantiana is a phaeoid fungus that only rarely has been isolated from sources other than the human brain. It has a particular tropism for the central nervous system (CNS). We have integrated and updated large-scale data related to several aspects of C. Bantiana and reviewed all the available reports on its cerebral infections, focusing on their geographical distribution, infection routes, immune status of infected individuals, type and location of infections, clinical manifestations and treatment and outcome, briefly looking over the spectrum of other disease entities associated with C. bantiana, that is, extra-cerebral and animal infections and on the environmental sources of this fungus. Among the agents of phaeohyphomycosis, a term used to describe an infection caused by a dark pigmented fungus, C. bantiana has some significant specific features. A total of 120 case reports were identified with a significantly higher percentage of healthy subjects than immune-debilitated patients (58.3% vs. 41.7%). Infections due to C. bantiana occur worldwide. The main clinical manifestations are brain abscess (97.5%), coinfection of brain tissue and meninges (14.2%) and meningitis alone (2.5%). Among immunocompetent patients, cerebral infection occurred in the absence of pulmonary lesions. The mortality rate is 65.0% regardless of the patient's immune status. The therapeutic options used include surgery or antifungals alone, and the combination of both, in most cases the fatal outcome being rapid after admission. Since the fungus is a true pathogen, laboratory workers should be made aware that BioSafety Level-3 precautions might be necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Serda Kantarcioglu
- Mycology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, 343098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Josep Guarro
- Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Ciencies de la Salut, IISPV, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, E-43201 Reus, Spain
| | - Sybren De Hoog
- Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, and Institute for Biodiversity and Ecosystem Dynamics, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hulya Apaydin
- Department of Neurology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, 34098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuri Kiraz
- Mycology Unit, Department of Medical Microbiology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, 343098 Cerrahpasa, Istanbul, Turkey
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Gonçalves CL, Mota FV, Ferreira GF, Mendes JF, Pereira EC, Freitas CH, Vieira JN, Villarreal JP, Nascente PS. Airborne fungi in an intensive care unit. BRAZ J BIOL 2017; 78:265-270. [PMID: 28793031 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.06016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of airborne fungi in Intensive Care Unit (ICUs) is associated with increased nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was the isolation and identification of airborne fungi presented in an ICU from the University Hospital of Pelotas - RS, with the attempt to know the place's environmental microbiota. 40 Petri plates with Sabouraud Dextrose Agar were exposed to an environment of an ICU, where samples were collected in strategic places during morning and afternoon periods for ten days. Seven fungi genera were identified: Penicillium spp. (15.18%), genus with the higher frequency, followed by Aspergillus spp., Cladosporium spp., Fusarium spp., Paecelomyces spp., Curvularia spp., Alternaria spp., Zygomycetes and sterile mycelium. The most predominant fungi genus were Aspergillus spp. (13.92%) in the morning and Cladosporium spp. (13.92%) in the afternoon. Due to their involvement in different diseases, the identified fungi genera can be classified as potential pathogens of inpatients. These results reinforce the need of monitoring the environmental microorganisms with high frequency and efficiently in health institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C L Gonçalves
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - F V Mota
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - G F Ferreira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J F Mendes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Medicina Veterinária, Departamento de Veterinária Preventiva, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | | | - C H Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J N Vieira
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - J P Villarreal
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - P S Nascente
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Chakrabarti A, Kaur H, Rudramurthy SM, Appannanavar SB, Patel A, Mukherjee KK, Ghosh A, Ray U. Brain abscess due toCladophialophora bantiana: a review of 124 cases. Med Mycol 2015; 54:111-9. [DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myv091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tauber SC, Eiffert H, Kellner S, Lugert R, Bunkowski S, Schütze S, Perske C, Brück W, Nau R. Fungal encephalitis in human autopsy cases is associated with extensive neuronal damage but only minimal repair. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2015; 40:610-27. [PMID: 23517274 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed at examining neuronal injury and repair in post mortem brain sections of humans who died from fungal central nervous system infections. METHODS Histological and immunohistochemical abnormalities in 15 autopsy cases with fungal central nervous system infections from 1990 to 2008 were compared with findings in 10 age- und sex-matched control cases that died from acute non-neurological causes. The fungal pathogens were identified by culture or polymerase chain reaction and morphology in post mortem tissue. Seven patients with fungal encephalitis had either an organ transplantation or a malignant haematological disorder; five out of 15 did not have a classical predisposing illness but suffered from severe septic infections as the principal cause of immunosuppression, and three from alcoholism. RESULTS Fungal organisms detected were Aspergillus spp. and other moulds, Candida spp. and black yeast-like fungi including Cladosporium spp. Histological analyses identified microglial activation, astrocytosis and axonal injury in the white matter without additional demyelination as characteristic features of this infectious disease. An increased rate of hippocampal neuronal apoptosis was detected in fungal encephalitis, while the number of recently generated TUC-4 and calretinin-expressing neurones in the dentate gyrus did not differ between patients and controls. CONCLUSIONS Unlike in other infectious diseases of the nervous system where a coexistence of damage and repair was observed, fungal encephalitis is characterized by strong damage and minimal neuronal regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone C Tauber
- Department of Neurology, RWTH University Hospital, Aachen, Germany
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Suri P, Chhina DK, Kaushal V, Kaushal RK, Singh J. Cerebral Phaeohyphomycosis due to Cladophialophora bantiana - A Case Report and Review of Literature from India. J Clin Diagn Res 2014; 8:DD01-5. [PMID: 24959445 DOI: 10.7860/jcdr/2014/7444.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is a rare disease caused by dematiaceous fungi. It has poor prognosis irrespective of the immune status of the patient. Cladophialophora bantiana is the most commonly isolated species. We report a case of multiple brain abscesses caused by C. bantiana in an immune competent patient. The diagnosis was based on CT scan of head, direct examination and culture of the aspirate from the abscess. Despite complete surgical resection of the abscesses and antifungal therapy with amphotericin B and voriconazole the patient could not be saved. All the cases of cerebral phaeohyphomycosis due to this rare neurotropic fungus reported from India between 1962 and 2009 have also been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Suri
- Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital , Ludhiana, India
| | - Deepinder Kaur Chhina
- Professor and Head, Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital , Ludhiana, India
| | - Vandana Kaushal
- Senior Consultant, Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital , Ludhiana, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Kaushal
- Professor and Head, Department of Neurosurgery, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital , Ludhiana, India
| | - Jasdeep Singh
- Senior Resident, Department of Microbiology, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital , Ludhiana, India
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Cladophialophora bantiana brain abscess masquerading cerebral tuberculoma in an immunocompetent host. ROMANIAN NEUROSURGERY 2014. [DOI: 10.2478/romneu-2014-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis is a term that collectively describes fungal infections caused by moulds and yeasts that have brown-pigmented cell walls (due to the presence of melanin). We report a case of 45 year female who had multiple coalescing lesions in the right basal ganglionic and thalamic region. Based on the imaging and investigation findings a diagnosis of cerebral tuberculoma was suspected. Histopathology of the excised specimen showed brown colored fungal hyphae surrounded by neutrophilic infiltrate. A diagnosis of phaeohyphomycosis caused by Cladophialophora bantiana was made and accordingly antifungal treatment was started. Brain abscess caused by Cladophialophora bantiana in an immunocompetent host is relatively uncommon and usually associated with overall high mortality. The best outcomes have been reported in patients who receive both surgical excision of the abscess followed by systemic antifungal therapy. In view of its rarity of these lesions preoperative diagnosis is difficult particularly in an immunocompetent host and absence of other risk factors.
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Abstract
Melanized or dematiaceous fungi are associated with a wide variety of infectious syndromes, including chromoblastomycosis, mycetoma, and phaeohyphomycosis. [corrected]. Many are soil organisms and are generally distributed worldwide, though certain species appear to have restricted geographic ranges. Though they are uncommon causes of disease, melanized fungi have been increasingly recognized as important pathogens, with most reports occurring in the past 20 years. The spectrum of diseases with which they are associated has also broadened and includes allergic disease, superficial and deep local infections, pneumonia, brain abscess, and disseminated infection. For some infections in immunocompetent individuals, such as allergic fungal sinusitis and brain abscess, they are among the most common etiologic fungi. Melanin is a likely virulence factor for these fungi. Diagnosis relies on careful microscopic and pathological examination, as well as clinical assessment of the patient, as these fungi are often considered contaminants. Therapy varies depending upon the clinical syndrome. Local infection may be cured with excision alone, while systemic disease is often refractory to therapy. Triazoles such as voriconazole, posaconazole, and itraconazole have the most consistent in vitro activity. Further studies are needed to better understand the pathogenesis and optimal treatment of these uncommon infections.
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Maheshwari S, Figueiredo A, Narurkar S, Goel A. Madurella mycetoma--a rare case with cranial extension. World Neurosurg 2009; 73:69-71. [PMID: 20452871 DOI: 10.1016/j.surneu.2009.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2008] [Accepted: 06/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Madurella species of fungus causes chronic subcutaneous infection of lower extremities; the infection is commonly labeled as Madura foot. We report a case of Madurella infection involving the cranial cavity. Such an involvement by Madurella fungal infection is not recorded in the literature. CASE DESCRIPTION A 31-year-old non-immunocompromised male patient presented with complaints of left hemifacial pain for 1 year and diplopia on looking toward left side for a period of 2 weeks. On examination, he had ipsilateral sixth nerve paresis. Investigations revealed a large paranasal sinus lesion that extended in the cavernous sinus. The lesion was partially resected. Histologic examination revealed that the lesion was a fungus Madurella mycetomi. CONCLUSION A rare cranial extension of Madurella fungal infection is reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shradha Maheshwari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Lilavati Hospital and Research Center, Mumbai, India
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Borkar SA, Sharma MS, Rajpal G, Jain M, Xess I, Sharma BS. BRAIN ABSCESS CAUSED BY CLADOPHIALOPHORA BANTIANA IN AN IMMUNOCOMPETENT HOST: NEED FOR A NOVEL COST-EFFECTIVE ANTIFUNGAL AGENT. Indian J Med Microbiol 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s0255-0857(21)01881-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Revankar SG, Sutton DA, Rinaldi MG. Primary Central Nervous System Phaeohyphomycosis: A Review of 101 Cases. Clin Infect Dis 2004; 38:206-16. [PMID: 14699452 DOI: 10.1086/380635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2003] [Accepted: 09/01/2003] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Phaeohyphomycosis refers to infections caused by darkly pigmented fungi. These fungi rarely cause life-threatening disease. We reviewed 101 cases of culture-proven primary central nervous system phaeohyphomycosis reported in the English-language literature from 1966 to 2002. The most frequently isolated species was Cladophialophora bantiana. The next most frequent isolate was Ramichloridium mackenziei, seen exclusively in patients from the Middle East. More than one-half of the cases occurred in patients with no known underlying immunodeficiency. Mortality rates were high regardless of immune status. Therapy is not standardized, although the combination of amphotericin B, flucytosine, and itraconazole may improve survival rates. Newer azoles, such as voriconazole, also have a broad spectrum of activity against these fungi, although clinical experience is limited. Complete excision of brain lesions may provide better results than simple aspiration. An aggressive medical and surgical approach is warranted in treating these infections to optimize outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay G Revankar
- Dallas Veterans Affairs Medical Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75216, USA.
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Raut A, Muzumdar D, Narlawar R, Nagar A, Ahmed N, Hira P. Cerebral abscess caused by Cladosporium bantianum infection--case report. Neurol Med Chir (Tokyo) 2003; 43:413-5. [PMID: 12968811 DOI: 10.2176/nmc.43.413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A 26-year-old woman currently treated for systemic lupus erythematosus with steroid therapy presented with sudden onset of right hemiplegia. Computed tomography of the brain showed a large frontoparietal ring-enhanced lesion with perifocal edema. Stereotactic aspiration of the lesion revealed Cladosporium bantianum. The size of the abscess did not reduce in spite of optimum antifungal treatment. The abscess was subsequently excised through a frontoparietal craniotomy. At follow up after 24 months, there was no recurrence of the abscess. Cerebral Cladosporium bantianum infection is usually refractory to antifungal agents and the prognosis is very poor. This patient had the longest survival period in a case of Cladosporium brain abscess so far reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhijit Raut
- Department of Radiology, Seth G.S. Medical College and King Edward VII Memorial Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, India.
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Abstract
During the past two decades opportunistic fungal infections have emerged as important causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with severe underlying illnesses and compromised host defenses. While Aspergillus and Candida spp. collectively account for the majority of these infections, recent epidemiological trends indicate a shift towards infections by Aspergillus spp., nonalbicans Candida spp., as well as previously uncommon opportunistic fungi. Apart from an expanding number of different Zygomycetes, previously uncommon hyaline filamentous fungi (such as Fusarium species, Acremonium species, Paecilomyces species, Pseudallescheria boydii, and Scedosporium prolificans), dematiaceous filamentous fungi (such as Bipolaris species, Cladophialophora bantiana, Dactylaria gallopava, Exophiala species, and Alternaria species) and yeast-like pathogens (such as Trichosporon species, Blastoschizomyces capitatus, Malassezia species, Rhodotorula rubra and others) are increasingly encountered as causing life threatening invasive infections that are often refractory to conventional therapies. On the basis of past and current trends, the spectrum of fungal pathogens will continue to evolve in the settings of an expanding population of immunocompromised hosts, selective antifungal pressures, and shifting conditions in hospitals and the environment. An expanded and refined drug arsenal, further elucidation of pathogenesis and resistance mechanisms, establishment of in vitro/in vivo correlations, incorporation of pharmacodynamics, combination- and immunotherapies offer hope for substantial progress in prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Groll
- Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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Walsh TJ, Groll AH. Emerging fungal pathogens: evolving challenges to immunocompromised patients for the twenty-first century. Transpl Infect Dis 1999; 1:247-61. [PMID: 11428996 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3062.1999.010404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Opportunistic fungi have emerged during the past decade as important causes of morbidity and mortality in immunocompromised patients. Candida species constitute the third to fourth most common causes of nosocomial blood stream infections, and Aspergillus species have emerged as the most common infectious cause of pneumonic mortality in bone marrow/stem cell transplant recipients. Among HIV-infected patients, meningoencephalitis due to Cryptococcus neoformans ranks among the most common AIDS-defining infections. Hyaline septated filamentous fungi, such as Fusarium species, Acremonium species, Paecilomyces species, and Trichoderma species, are increasingly reported as causing invasive mycoses refractory to conventional therapy. Dematiaceous septated filamentous fungi, such as Pseudallescheria boydii, Bipolaris species, and Cladophialophora bantiana cause pneumonia, sinusitis, and CNS infection unresponsive to current therapy. An increasing number of different members of the class of Zygomycetes are reported as causing lethal infections, despite aggressive medical and surgical interventions. Yet the treatment for zygomycosis has not changed in approximately 40 years. The prevalence of the endemic mycoses, such as those due to Penicillium marneffei, Coccidioides immitis, and Histoplasma capsulatum, has been reported to expand rapidly in response to environmental exposures and increased numbers of vulnerable hosts in endemic regions of the world. Dermatophytoses are occurring with increasing prevalence and morbidity in elderly and immunocompromised patients. As we enter the next millennium, we may anticipate that emergent fungal infections will continue to develop in the settings of permissive environmental conditions, selective antifungal pressure, and an expanding population of immunocompromised hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- T J Walsh
- Immunocompromised Host Section, Pediatric Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
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Guppy KH, Thomas C, Thomas K, Anderson D. Cerebral Fungal Infections in the Immunocompromised Host: A Literature Review and a New Pathogen-Chaetomium atrobrunneum: Case Report. Neurosurgery 1998. [DOI: 10.1227/00006123-199812000-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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Guppy KH, Thomas C, Thomas K, Anderson D. Cerebral fungal infections in the immunocompromised host: a literature review and a new pathogen--Chaetomium atrobrunneum: case report. Neurosurgery 1998; 43:1463-9. [PMID: 9848862 DOI: 10.1097/00006123-199812000-00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE A case of a cerebral abscess, occurring in a patient who had undergone bone marrow transplant, caused by a new pathogen, Chaetomium atrobrunneum, and a review of the literature are presented. Although Aspergillus species are by far the most common fungi found in cerebral abscesses in immunocompromised patients, an increasing number of fungi commonly found in nature but not usually associated with infections in humans have been isolated from cerebral abscesses in these patients. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 31-year-old male patient, who had undergone a recent bone marrow transplantation for multiple myeloma, presented 3 months after transplantation with right-sided hemiplegia caused by a left parietal hemorrhagic lesion. INTERVENTION A biopsy guided by computed tomography showed that the abscess contained the fungus C. atrobrunneum. The final identification of the organism was based on cultures, scanning electron microscopic studies, and consultation with the Fungus Testing Laboratory at the University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, TX. The patient was treated with several antifungal medications but developed uncontrolled cerebral edema, which led to further neurological deterioration and eventual death. CONCLUSION Cerebral abscesses in the immunocompromised patient may no longer be assumed to be caused solely by Aspergillus species. The literature reveals several rare cases of uncommon fungi found in these abscesses. Only four cases of cerebral infections caused by the genus Chaetomium have been reported. The case presented represents the first time a patient who had undergone a bone marrow transplant with a cerebral abscess was found to be caused by the pathogen C. atrobrunneum.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Guppy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loyola University Medical Center, Marywood, Illinois 60153, USA
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Türker A, Altinörs N, Aciduman A, Demiralp O, Uluoglu U. MRI findings and encouraging fluconazole treatment results of intracranial Cladosporium trichoides infection. Infection 1995; 23:60-2. [PMID: 7744496 DOI: 10.1007/bf01710062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The authors report on a 31-year-old male patient harboring multiple intracranial mass lesions which proved histologically to be due to infection with Cladosporium trichoides upon removal of one of the lesions. Aggressive antifungal chemotherapy with fluconazole (400 mg/d for 3 months) in combination with surgery resulted in good clinical and radiologic outcome which prompted us to report this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Türker
- Clinic of Neurosurgery, Social Security Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
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Matsumoto T, Ajello L, Matsuda T, Szaniszlo PJ, Walsh TJ. Developments in hyalohyphomycosis and phaeohyphomycosis. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL AND VETERINARY MYCOLOGY : BI-MONTHLY PUBLICATION OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR HUMAN AND ANIMAL MYCOLOGY 1994; 32 Suppl 1:329-49. [PMID: 7722796 DOI: 10.1080/02681219480000951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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