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Lam M, Nokhodchi A. Producing High-Dose Liqui-Tablet (Ketoprofen 100 mg) for Enhanced Drug Release Using Novel Liqui-Mass Technology. J Pharm Innov 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12247-021-09561-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Purpose
Liqui-Tablet is a dosage form derived from Liqui-Mass technology. It has proven to be a promising approach to improve drug dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs. So far, Liqui-Tablet is feasible for low-dose drugs. In this study, an attempt was made to produce high-dose Liqui-Tablet, whilst maintaining ideal physicochemical properties for ease of manufacturing.
Methods
Liqui-Tablets containing 100 mg of ketoprofen were produced using various liquid vehicles including PEG 200, Span 80, Kolliphor EL, PG, and Tween 85. Investigations that were carried out included saturation solubility test, dissolution test, tomographic study, and typical quality control tests for assessing flowability, particle size distribution, friability, and tablet hardness.
Results
The weight of these Liqui-Tablets was acceptable for swallowing (483.8 mg), and the saturation solubility test showed PEG 200 to be the most suitable liquid vehicle (493 mg/mL). Tests investigating physicochemical properties such as flowability, particle size distribution, friability, and tablet hardness have shown no issue concerning quality control and manufacturability. The drug release test of the best formulation has shown extremely rapid drug release at pH 7.4 (100% after 5 min). At pH 1.2 the drug release was reasonable considering the formulation was yet to be optimized.
Conclusion
Despite the high amount of API and liquid vehicle, it is possible to produce a high-dose dosage form with acceptable size and weight for swallowing using the novel Liqui-Mass technology. This has the potential to diversify the technology by removing the restriction of high dose drug that has been seen in liquisolid technology.
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Muley S, Nandgude T, Poddar S. Extrusion–spheronization a promising pelletization technique: In-depth review. Asian J Pharm Sci 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Baert L, Fanara D, Remon JP, Massart D. Correlation of extrusion forces, raw materials and sphere characteristics. J Pharm Pharmacol 2011; 44:676-8. [PMID: 1359094 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1992.tb05493.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This communication reports on the correlation between extrusion forces and sphere characteristics. Dicalcium phosphate dihydrate, α-lactose monohydrate and anhydrous β-lactose were models for respectively an insoluble, a medium soluble and a highly soluble drug and were used to produce spheres. Phase diagrams for ternary mixtures consisting of microcrystalline cellulose, water and a third excipient were constructed. The region where good spheres were obtained correlated well with the area of extrusion forces between 630 and 1260 N. This correlation was seen for the insoluble, the medium and the highly soluble products.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Baert
- S.M.B. Technology-Galephar, Marche en Famenne, Belgium
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Kuang SS, Oliveira JC, Crean AM. Microencapsulation as a Tool for Incorporating Bioactive Ingredients into Food. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2010; 50:951-68. [DOI: 10.1080/10408390903044222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hasznos L, Langer I, Gyarmathy M. Some factors influencing pellet characteristics made by an Extrusion/Spheronisation process Part I.: Effects on size characteristics and moisture content decrease of pellets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049209043861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Hileman GA, Goskonda SR, Spalitto AJ, Upadrashta SM. A Factorial Approach to High Dose Product Development by an Extrusion/Spheronization Process. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049309063205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ku CC, Joshi YM, Bergum JS, Jain NB. Bead Manufacture by Extrusion/spheronization – a Statistical Design for Process Optimization. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639049309069323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Chariot M, Lewis GA, Mathieu D, Phan-tan-luu R, Stevens HNE. Experimental Design for Pharmaceutical Process Characterisation and Optimisation Using an Exchange Algorithm. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/03639048809152031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Huang YT, Tsai TR, Cheng CJ, Cham TM, Lai TF, Chuo WH. Formulation Design of a Highly Hygroscopic Drug (Pyridostigmine Bromide) for its Hygroscopic Character Improvement and Investigation of In Vitro/In Vivo Dissolution Properties. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2008; 33:403-16. [PMID: 17523005 DOI: 10.1080/03639040601031890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Pyridostigmine bromide (PB) sustained-release (SR) pellets were developed by extrusion-spheronization and fluid-bed methods using Taguchi experimental and 2(3) full factorial design. In vitro studies, the 2(3) full factorial design was utilized to search for the optimal SR pellets with specific release rate at different time intervals (release percent of 2, 6, 12, and 24 hr were 6.24, 33.48, 75.18, and 95.26%, respectively) which followed a zero-order mechanism (n=0.93). The results of moisture absorption by Karl Fischer has shown the optimum SR pellets at 25 degrees C/60% RH, 30 degrees C/65% RH, and 40 degrees C/75% RH chambers from 1 hr-4 weeks, attributing that the moisture absorption was not significantly increased. In the in vivo study, the results of the bioavailability data showed the Tmax (from 0.65+/-0.082 hr-4.82+/-2.12 hr) and AUC0-30 hr (from 734.88+/-230.68 ng/mL.hr-1454.86+/-319.28 ng/mL.hr) were prolonged and increased, as well as Cmax (from 251.87+/-27.51 ng/mL-115.08+/-14.87 ng/mL) was decreased for optimum SR-PB pellets when compared with commercial immediate-release (IR) tablets. Furthermore, a good linear regression relationship (r=0.9943) was observed between the fraction dissolution and fraction absorption for the optimum SR pellets. In this study, the formulation design not only improved the hygroscopic character of PB but also achieved the SR effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuh-Tyng Huang
- Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, R.O.C
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11
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Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the performance of a new continuous spheronizer with multiple concentric chambers. The characteristics of the pellets produced in the different chambers (moisture content, mechanical strength, density, sphericity, size, release of a drug) were compared by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA), when different times of spheronization and chambers were considered. The statistical analysis has shown that both the diameter of the chambers and the time of spheronization affected the properties of the pellets, and, thus, they must be considered when the spheronizer is used. To minimize these effects all the forming pellets should be processed in all chambers for a defined period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- João F Pinto
- Dep. Tecnologia Farmacêutica, Faculdade de Farmácia da Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, P-1649-003, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Galland S, Ruiz T, Delalonde M, Krupa A, Bataille B. Texturing the spherical granular system influence of the spheronisation stage. POWDER TECHNOL 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2005.05.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Factorial Designs. Pharm Stat 2003. [DOI: 10.1201/9780203912799.ch9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Galland S, Bataille B, Delalonde M, Ruiz T, Bennacer N, Dupuy C. Preparation of Granular Systems by Extrusion/Spheronization: A Twin Product/Process Approach. Chem Eng Res Des 2003. [DOI: 10.1205/026387603770866443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Umprayn K, Chitropas P, Amarekajorn S. Influence of process variables on physical properties of the pellets using extruder and spheronizer. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1999; 25:45-61. [PMID: 10028418 DOI: 10.1081/ddc-100102141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Placebo pellets containing lactose and microcrystalline cellulose (Avicel PH101) ratio 60:40 were prepared by the extrusion-spheronization process. The influence of processing variables, including the spheronizer speed, the spheronization time, the binder type, and the concentration and amount of water content on physical properties of the pellets, were studied. The sphericity of pellets was increased with increasing spheronizer speed during wet mass process. When spheronization time was increased, sphericity, smooth surface, and particle size of pellets were increased. Increasing binder concentration will increase particle size. Pellets using HPC-M as a binder at high spheronizer speeds showed spherical shape, narrow size distribution, and good flow properties when compared with Methocel E-15LV, HPC-L, and Methocel A4M. In addition, increasing HPC-M concentration had no effect on shape and particle size of pellets. The amount of water content was found to affect shape, flow rate, and density. In summary, suitable conditions consisted of 2% w/w of HPC-M, 40% w/w of water, and 15 min of spheronization time at 951 rpm of spheronizer speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Umprayn
- Department of Manufacturing Pharmacy, Chulalongkorn University, BKK, Thailand
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Zhou F, Vervaet C, Massart DL, Massart B, Remon JP. Optimization of the processing of matrix pellets based on the combination of waxes and starch using experimental design. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 1998; 24:353-8. [PMID: 9876595 DOI: 10.3109/03639049809085630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
An experimental design was used in order to optimize the one-step production process of matrix pellets based on the combination of waxes and starch. The parameters tested were the impeller speed (x1) and the mixing time (x2). Ibuprofen and theophylline were used as model drugs at a concentration of 60 and 70% (w/w), respectively. The 0.8-1.25 mm yield fraction of the matrix pellets was evaluated as the response factor Y. A quadratic equation was fitted to the experimental data and used to predict the response factor Y of the theophylline and the ibuprofen. The contour plots of both formulations revealed a flat and therefore rugged region from the upper left to the lower right of the domain investigated. The energy input into the system during the production process controlled the pellet growth, the impeller speed having a greater impact on the energy input compared to the mixing time.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Zhou
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Gent, Belgium
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Heinämäki J, Ruotsalainen M, Lehtola VM, Antikainen O, Yliruusi J. Optimization of aqueous-based film coating of tablets performed by a side-vented pan-coating system. Pharm Dev Technol 1997; 2:357-64. [PMID: 9552464 DOI: 10.3109/10837459709022634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to characterize the aqueous-based hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) film coating of tablets utilizing a laboratory-scale side-vented pan-coating apparatus (Thai coater). The process and apparatus parameters of potential importance with respect to the final film quality were evaluated by using fractional factorial design (2(6-2)IV) and the process was optimized using response surface methodology (central composite design). Rotating speed of the pan was identified as a major parameter with respect to film thickness (weight increase; p < 0.05) and breaking strength (p < 0.05) of the aqueous HPMC film-coated tablets. Increasing the rotating speed from 5 rpm to 10 rpm resulted in a mean relative change of -43.9% and 2.4% of film thickness (weight increase) and breaking strength, respectively. As expected, inlet air temperature significantly affected the moisture content of the final film-coated tablets (p < 0.01) and the film thickness (weight increase; p < 0.05), but the effects on the other responses studied were minimal or negligible. Pneumatic spraying pressure and position of the spray gun (excluding angle of the gun) did not affect the responses studied. The process parameters relevant to a side-vented pan-coating process can be identified (by fractional factorial design) and, consequently, optimized (by central composite design) by using the factorial design approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Heinämäki
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, Finland.
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Schmidt C, Lindner H, Kleinebudde P. Comparison between a twin-screw extruder and a rotary ring die press. I. Influence of formulation variables. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0939-6411(97)00094-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Iyer RM, Augsburger LL, Pope DG, Shah RD. Extrusion/spheronization--effect of moisture content and spheronization time on pellet characteristics. Pharm Dev Technol 1996; 1:325-31. [PMID: 9552316 DOI: 10.3109/10837459609031427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
As part of a larger effort aimed at optimizing the properties of pellets produced by spheronization of extruded masses, the effect of the moisture content of wet masses on extrusion force and torque was studied. The wet masses were composed of either microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or mixtures of MCC with lactose or dicalcium phosphate. Based on the force and torque data, a moisture content "window" was defined for consistent extrusion. Moisture exerts a lubricant effect, and a moisture level of 100-120% w/w dry solid seemed necessary for the extrusion of MCC into rod-shaped, discrete pieces. Screen force clearly depended on the moisture content but was relatively insensitive to extruder speed, especially at 80% and 100% moisture content. The physical properties of pellets as a function of spheronization time were studied by sampling the material at known intervals. The percent yield, tapped density, and a two-dimensional sphericity index of an 18/20 mesh fraction of pellets were measured. Maximum yield, tapped density, and sphericity were achieved within 60 sec in the spheronizer. With increasing residence time, the shape and density were unchanged while the yield was severely reduced. Among the formulations studied, pellets with equal amounts of lactose and MCC were superior to those of pure MCC in yield, density, and sphericity. Based on these results, an outline to optimize the endpoint of the spheronization process for formulations containing MCC is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Iyer
- Chelsea Laboratories Inc., Cincinnati, Ohio 45215, USA
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Vervaet C, Remon J. Influence of impeller design, method of screen perforation and perforation geometry on the quality of pellets made by extrusion-spheronisation. Int J Pharm 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(95)04408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Some factors influencing the formation and in vitro drug release from matrix pellets prepared by extrusion/spheronization. Int J Pharm 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(94)00394-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Factorial design in the feasibility of producing Microcel MC 101 pellets by extrusion/spheronization. Int J Pharm 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(94)00246-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Vervaet C, Baert L, Risha PA, Remon JP. The influence of the extrusion screen on pellet quality using an instrumented basket extruder. Int J Pharm 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(94)90299-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Pinto J, Buckton G, Newton J. The influence of four selected processing and formulation factors on the production of spheres by extrusion and spheronisation. Int J Pharm 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0378-5173(82)90022-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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