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Ozkara HA, Ozkara S, Topçu S, Criss WE. Amplification of the C-MYC Oncogene in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. TUMORI JOURNAL 2018; 85:508-11. [PMID: 10774575 DOI: 10.1177/030089169908500616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Fresh non-small cell lung carcinoma surgical specimens were taken from 17 patients and 3 controls and screened for genetic abnormalities of the c-myc oncogene. Southern blot hybridization analysis demonstrated two- to fivefold amplification of the c-myc gene in 10 cases, i.e., 7 of 13 epidermoid lung carcinomas, 2 of 3 adenocarcinomas and 1 of 1 osteogenic sarcoma metastatic to the lung. Two- to fivefold amplification was observed in tissues from stage III and IV epidermoid carcinomas and adenocarcinomas of the lung. A correlation between cancer stage and c-myc gene amplification was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Ozkara
- Department of Biochemistry, Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Mishra K, Behari A, Kapoor VK, Khan MS, Prakash S, Agrawal S. Platelet Derived Growth Factor-B and Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 Polymorphisms in Gall Bladder Cancer. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 16:5647-54. [PMID: 26320430 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.14.5647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Gall bladder cancer (GBC) is a gastro-intestinal cancer with high prevalence among north Indian women. Platelet derived growth factor-B (PDGFB) and human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 (HER2) may play roles in the etiology of GBC through the inflammation-hyperplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma pathway. To study the association of PDGFB and HER2 polymorphisms with risk of GBC, 200 cases and 300 controls were considered. PDGFB +286A>G and +1135A>C polymorphisms were investigated with an amplification refractory mutation system and the HER2 Ile655Val polymorphism by restriction fragment length polymorphism. Significant risk associations for PDGFB +286 GG (OR=5.25) and PDGFB +1135 CC (OR=3.19) genotypes were observed for GBC. Gender wise stratification revealed susceptibility for recessive models of PDGFB +1135A>C (OR=3.00) and HER2 Ile655Val (OR=2.52) polymorphisms among female GBC cases. GBC cases with gall stones were predisposed to homozygous +286 GG and +1135 CC genotypes. Significant risk associations were found for ACIle (OR=1.48), GAVal (OR=1.70), GAIle (OR=2.00) haplotypes with GBC cases and GCIle haplotype with female GBC cases (OR=10.37, P=<0.0001). Pair-wise linkage disequilibrium revealed negative associations among variant alleles. On multi-dimensional reduction analysis, a three factor model revealed significant gene-gene interaction for PDGFB +286A>G, PDGFB +1135A>C and HER2 Ile165Val SNPs with GBC. Protein-protein interaction showed significant association of PDGFB and HER2 with the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kumudesh Mishra
- Department of Surgical Gastroenterology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India E-mail : ,
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Hsu HS, Lin MH, Jang YH, Kuo TT, Liu CC, Cheng TH. The 4E-BP1/eIF4E ratio is a determinant for rapamycin response in esophageal cancer cells. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2014; 149:378-85. [PMID: 25439783 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2014.09.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2014] [Revised: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Rapamycin inhibits products of molecular pathways in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and limits tumor cell growth by targeting 4E-BP1- and eIF4E-dependent gene translation. In this study, we investigate the influence of 4E-BP1-to-eIF4E ratio on rapamycin response in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells, and the underlying mechanism is discussed. METHODS The response to rapamycin treatment was examined in 6 esophageal cancer cell lines. Adjustment of the 4E-BP1/eIF4E ratio was carried out by knockdown or overexpression of 4E-BP1 and eIF4E. The relationship between Egr-1 and 4E-BP1 expression in esophageal cancer cells was also studied. RESULTS The 4E-BP1/eIF4E ratio was adjusted to evaluate the response to rapamycin treatment in TE1 and TE2 esophageal cancer cells. TE2 cells are sensitized to rapamycin treatment after overexpression of 4E-BP1 or knockdown of eIF4E; TE1 cells become resistant to rapamycin after knockdown of 4E-BP1 or overexpression of eIF4E. These data suggest that the 4E-BP1/eIF4E ratio is a determinant for the response of TE1 and TE2 cells to rapamycin treatment. Egr-1 expression was higher in TE2 cells compared with other esophageal cancer cell lines, and its knockdown increased 4E-BP1 expression in TE2 cells, which became sensitive to rapamycin treatment. CONCLUSIONS The 4E-BP1/eIF4E ratio is a determinant of the response of rapamycin treatment in esophageal cancer cells. Egr-1 can reduce 4E-BP1 gene expression and render esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells resistant to rapamycin with a relatively low 4E-BP1/eIF4E ratio. Thus, the 4E-BP1/eIF4E ratio may represent a therapeutic index for the prediction of clinical outcome of rapamycin treatment in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han-Shui Hsu
- Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Thoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Ming-Hsien Lin
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Nuclear Medicine, Taipei City Hospital Zhongxiao Branch, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hua Jang
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Kuo
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chi Liu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hao Cheng
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Yang PW, Hung MC, Hsieh CY, Tung EC, Wang YH, Tsai JC, Lee JM. The effects of Photofrin-mediated photodynamic therapy on the modulation of EGFR in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cells. Lasers Med Sci 2012; 28:605-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-012-1119-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Insulin-like growth factor 1 mediates 5-fluorouracil chemoresistance in esophageal carcinoma cells through increasing survivin stability. Apoptosis 2010; 16:174-83. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-010-0555-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Qi YJ, He QY, Ma YF, Du YW, Liu GC, Li YJ, Tsao GSW, Ngai SM, Chiu JF. Proteomic identification of malignant transformation-related proteins in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. J Cell Biochem 2008; 104:1625-35. [PMID: 18320592 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.21727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) persists to be a leading cancer-related death in northern China. Clinical outcome of EC is the most dismal among many types of digestive tumors because EC at early stage is asymptomatic. The current study used 2-DE-based proteomics to identify differentially expressed proteins between esophageal cancer cell lines and immortal cell line. Fifteen proteins were identified with differences of more than five folds, comprising the down-regulation of annexin A2, histone deacetylase 10 isoform beta and protein disulfide-isomerase ER-60 precursor, and the up-regulation of heat shock 70 kDa protein 9B precursor, solute carrier family 44 Member 3, heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein L (hnRNP L), eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4A isoform 2, triosephosphate isomerase1 (TPI), peroxiredoxin1 (PRX1), forminotransferase cyclodeaminase form (FTCD), fibrinogen gamma-A chain precursor, kinesin-like DNA binding protein, lamin A/C, cyclophilin A (CypA), and transcription factor MTSG1. Expression pattern of annexin A2 was verified by Western blotting, immunocytochemistry and immunohistochemistry analysis. The implication of these protein alterations correlated to the esophageal malignant transformation is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Jun Qi
- Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Institute of Immunology, College of Medicine, Henan University, Keifeng, Henan 475000, China
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Leu CM, Wong FH, Chang C, Huang SF, Hu CP. Interleukin-6 acts as an antiapoptotic factor in human esophageal carcinoma cells through the activation of both STAT3 and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. Oncogene 2003; 22:7809-18. [PMID: 14586407 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1207084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) has been discovered in a variety of human tumors. Here we report the expression of IL-6, IL-6 receptor alpha (IL-6Ralpha), and gp130 in human esophageal carcinoma tissues. We further demonstrate that IL-6 protects an esophageal carcinoma cell line CE48T/VGH from apoptosis induced by staurosporine. IL-6 stimulation induced a rapid phosphorylation of gp130 and STAT3, and a dominant-negative STAT3 completely abolished the antiapoptotic effect. IL-6 also activated ERK 1/2 in CE48T/VGH cells. Inhibition of the ERK activation by PD98059 and transfection of a dominant-negative ERK2 completely blocked the protection of IL-6 against apoptosis. Thus, both STAT and MAP kinase pathways are responsible for the IL-6-delivered survival signal in human esophageal carcinoma cells. In contrast, PI3-K inhibitors only partially attenuated the effect of IL-6, suggesting that PI3-K does not play a major role in the antiapoptotic signal of IL-6 in our system. To investigate whether IL-6 could induce the production of antiapoptotic molecules, proteins of the Bcl-2 family were measured. While Bcl-2, Bcl-x(L,), and Bax were not affected, Mcl-1 was induced by IL-6 in human esophageal carcinoma cells. Our results suggest that IL-6 may contribute to the progression of esophageal cancers in an autocrine or paracrine manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuen-Miin Leu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Liu YC, Leu CM, Wong FH, Fong WS, Chen SC, Chang C, Hu CP. Autocrine stimulation by insulin-like growth factor I is involved in the growth, tumorigenicity and chemoresistance of human esophageal carcinoma cells. J Biomed Sci 2003. [PMID: 12432233 DOI: 10.1007/bf02254995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor (IGF-IR)-mediated signals are known to be involved in cell growth and transformation and prevention of apoptosis. In this study, we demonstrated the coexpression of IGF-I and IGF-IR in human esophageal carcinoma tissues. We also demonstrated the IGF-I autocrine system in esophageal carcinoma cell lines. Both the CE48T/VGH and CE81T/VGH cell lines showed proliferative responses to IGF-I stimulation. Autokinase activity of IGF-IR in these cells can be triggered by the exogenous addition of IGF-I. In addition, an IGF-I peptide antagonist, JB1, specifically inhibited ligand-induced receptor autophosphorylation in a dose-dependent manner. Under serum-free conditions, JB1 also reduced the degree of IGF-IR phosphorylation and cell numbers. Furthermore, the addition of JB1 decreased the number of CE81T/VGH colonies formed in methyl cellulose agar and the size and the incidence of tumors which grew in mice with severe combined immunodeficiency. These results imply that an IGF-I autocrine system in human esophageal carcinoma cells could stimulate tumor growth. Finally, we found that IGF-I prevented the apoptosis of CE81T/VGH cells induced by chemotherapeutic drugs, such as cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and camptothecin. Thus, interruption of IGF-IR function may provide a way to retard tumor growth and increase the sensitivity of esophageal carcinoma to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Chau Liu
- Department of Medical Research and Education, Veterans General Hospital-Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Abstract
Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the predominant histologic subtype of esophageal cancer and characterized by high mortality rate and geographic differences in incidence. With the advances in the field of molecular biology, our understanding of the pathogenesis, epidemiology and behavior of ESCC continues to evolve. The recent development includes research in etiopathogenesis (viruses and cancer susceptibility genes), keratins, tumor related genes (oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes, genes involved in metastasis and apoptosis genes), proliferation-related factors (nuclear proteins, flow cytometry/morphometry, argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region) and factors related to metastases (cell adhesion molecules and enzymes related to degradation of extracellular matrix). There are ranges of molecular techniques potentially available to complement the traditional approaches in the management of ESCC. On the other hand, critics are needed in the interpretation and translation of these research findings from laboratories to clinics. Further investigations, education and collaborations between the various scientific and clinical disciplines are important to successful application of these molecular findings aiming at improving management of patients with ESCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Lam
- Department of Pathology, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
In the present study we investigated c-fos expression in rat livers, that was initiated with the three arylamines, 2-acetylaminofluorene, 2-acetylaminophenanthrene and trans-4-acetylaminostilbene. The tumor promoter phenobarbital was applied chronically for 26, 52 and 100 weeks. Gene expression, determined by the mRNA level, and FOS protein were increased after 52 weeks of treatment in arylamine initiated as well as in phenobarbital only treated animals. Expression of c-fos seems to be a phenobarbital induced effect that is independent of additional initiator treatments. This finding was supported by immunohistochemical studies demonstrating increased FOS levels to be localized around the central vein. The results indicate that phenobarbital, a widely used tumor promoter, induces c-fos expression. In addition, we demonstrated enhanced FOS in GST-P-positive foci and in tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Bitsch
- Department of Toxicology, University of Würzburg, Germany
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Abstract
The genome is a dynamical system in which regulation is achieved by the algebraic logic of Boolean functions. A model of a webbed genetic network is presented. In this, all genes lie on interconnected loops, within which each can influence the others, forming the basis of a regulatory network. The normal proto-oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes serve as gateways or switch points in the genetic circuitry, controlling the transition between different cell states. The model explains why multiple genes must be perturbed for the formation of a cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Shah
- University of British Columbia, Division of Medical Oncology, Vancouver, Canada
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Schwartz GK. c-sis and oncogene expression: a fundamental approach toward understanding esophageal cancer. Cancer Invest 1994; 12:266-7. [PMID: 8131104 DOI: 10.3109/07357909409024885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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