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Onoue R, Watanabe H, Ono M. Development of Novel Bimodal Agents Based on Near-Infrared BODIPY-Conjugated Hoechst Derivatives for Combined Use in Auger Electron and Photodynamic Cancer Therapy. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:1395-1403. [PMID: 38751619 PMCID: PMC11091974 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.4c00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Auger electron therapy and photodynamic therapy (PDT) have attracted attention as powerful anticancer modalities. Herein, we report the development of novel bimodal agents for Auger electron therapy and PDT, and their application to combination therapy. [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 and [125I]NBH-2/NBH-2, composing Hoechst and iodostyryl-BODIPY, were synthesized and evaluated regarding their usefulness as bimodal agents. [125I]NBH-1 showed significantly higher nuclear uptake than [125I]NBH-2 and radioactivity-dependent cytotoxicity induced by Auger electrons. In addition, NBH-1 exhibited photoinduced cytotoxicity. Combination therapy using [125I]NBH-1 and NBH-1 with light irradiation induced a superior cytotoxicity to these treatments alone. In tumor-bearing mice injected with NBH-1 or [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 under light irradiation, significant tumor growth inhibition was observed compared with that of the control group. Especially, [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 under light irradiation showed the strongest therapeutic effects among all treatments. These results suggest that [125I]NBH-1/NBH-1 is a potent bimodal agent for Auger therapy and PDT and that combination therapy using [125I]NBH-1 and NBH-1 shows enhanced therapeutic efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Onoue
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional
Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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2
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Obata H, Tsuji AB, Sudo H, Sugyo A, Hashiya K, Ikeda H, Itoh M, Minegishi K, Nagatsu K, Ogawa M, Bando T, Sugiyama H, Zhang MR. Novel Auger-Electron-Emitting 191Pt-Labeled Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamide Targeting MYCN Increases Cytotoxicity and Cytosolic dsDNA Granules in MYCN-Amplified Neuroblastoma. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1526. [PMID: 38004392 PMCID: PMC10675227 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Auger electrons can cause nanoscale physiochemical damage to specific DNA sites that play a key role in cancer cell survival. Radio-Pt is a promising Auger-electron source for damaging DNA efficiently because of its ability to bind to DNA. Considering that the cancer genome is maintained under abnormal gene amplification and expression, here, we developed a novel 191Pt-labeled agent based on pyrrole-imidazole polyamide (PIP), targeting the oncogene MYCN amplified in human neuroblastoma, and investigated its targeting ability and damaging effects. A conjugate of MYCN-targeting PIP and Cys-(Arg)3-coumarin was labeled with 191Pt via Cys (191Pt-MYCN-PIP) with a radiochemical purity of >99%. The binding potential of 191Pt-MYCN-PIP was evaluated via the gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay, suggesting that the radioagent bound to the DNA including the target sequence of the MYCN gene. In vitro assays using human neuroblastoma cells showed that 191Pt-MYCN-PIP bound to DNA efficiently and caused DNA damage, decreasing MYCN gene expression and MYCN signals in in situ hybridization analysis, as well as cell viability, especially in MYCN-amplified Kelly cells. 191Pt-MYCN-PIP also induced a substantial increase in cytosolic dsDNA granules and generated proinflammatory cytokines, IFN-α/β, in Kelly cells. Tumor uptake of intravenously injected 191Pt-MYCN-PIP was low and its delivery to tumors should be improved for therapeutic application. The present results provided a potential strategy, targeting the key oncogenes for cancer survival for Auger electron therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Obata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.O.)
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsushi B. Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Aya Sugyo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kaori Hashiya
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hayato Ikeda
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
- Research Center for Electron Photon Science (ELPH), Tohoku University, Sendai 982-0826, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Itoh
- Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.O.)
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.O.)
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Bando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sugiyama
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Science (iCeMS), Kyoto University, Yoshida-ushinomiyacho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan; (H.O.)
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3
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Carrasco-Hernandez J, Ramos-Méndez J, Padilla-Rodal E, Avila-Rodriguez MA. Cellular lethal damage of 64Cu incorporated in mammalian genome evaluated with Monte Carlo methods. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1253746. [PMID: 37841004 PMCID: PMC10575761 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1253746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT) with Auger Emitters (AE) is a technique that allows targeting specific sites on tumor cells using radionuclides. The toxicity of AE is critically dependent on its proximity to the DNA. The aim of this study is to quantify the DNA damage and radiotherapeutic potential of the promising AE radionuclide copper-64 (64Cu) incorporated into the DNA of mammalian cells using Monte Carlo track-structure simulations. Methods A mammalian cell nucleus model with a diameter of 9.3 μm available in TOPAS-nBio was used. The cellular nucleus consisted of double-helix DNA geometrical model of 2.3 nm diameter surrounded by a hydration shell with a thickness of 0.16 nm, organized in 46 chromosomes giving a total of 6.08 giga base-pairs (DNA density of 14.4 Mbp/μm3). The cellular nucleus was irradiated with monoenergetic electrons and radiation emissions from several radionuclides including 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc in addition to 64Cu. For monoenergetic electrons, isotropic point sources randomly distributed within the nucleus were modeled. The radionuclides were incorporated in randomly chosen DNA base pairs at two positions near to the central axis of the double-helix DNA model at (1) 0.25 nm off the central axis and (2) at the periphery of the DNA (1.15 nm off the central axis). For all the radionuclides except for 99mTc, the complete physical decay process was explicitly simulated. For 99mTc only total electron spectrum from published data was used. The DNA Double Strand Breaks (DSB) yield per decay from direct and indirect actions were quantified. Results obtained for monoenergetic electrons and radionuclides 111In, 125I, 123I, and 99mTc were compared with measured and calculated data from the literature for verification purposes. The DSB yields per decay incorporated in DNA for 64Cu are first reported in this work. The therapeutic effect of 64Cu (activity that led 37% cell survival after two cell divisions) was determined in terms of the number of atoms incorporated into the nucleus that would lead to the same DSBs that 100 decays of 125I. Simulations were run until a 2% statistical uncertainty (1 standard deviation) was achieved. Results The behavior of DSBs as a function of the energy for monoenergetic electrons was consistent with published data, the DSBs increased with the energy until it reached a maximum value near 500 eV followed by a continuous decrement. For 64Cu, when incorporated in the genome at evaluated positions (1) and (2), the DSB were 0.171 ± 0.003 and 0.190 ± 0.003 DSB/decay, respectively. The number of initial atoms incorporated into the genome (per cell) for 64Cu that would cause a therapeutic effect was estimated as 3,107 ± 28, that corresponds to an initial activity of 47.1 ± 0.4 × 10-3 Bq. Conclusion Our results showed that TRT with 64Cu has comparable therapeutic effects in cells as that of TRT with radionuclides currently used in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan Carrasco-Hernandez
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - José Ramos-Méndez
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Elizabeth Padilla-Rodal
- Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Instituto de Ciencias Nucleares, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel A. Avila-Rodriguez
- Unidad Radiofarmacia-Ciclotrón, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
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Bolcaen J, Gizawy MA, Terry SYA, Paulo A, Cornelissen B, Korde A, Engle J, Radchenko V, Howell RW. Marshalling the Potential of Auger Electron Radiopharmaceutical Therapy. J Nucl Med 2023; 64:1344-1351. [PMID: 37591544 PMCID: PMC10478825 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.122.265039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Auger electron (AE) radiopharmaceutical therapy (RPT) may have the same therapeutic efficacy as α-particles for oncologic small disease, with lower risks of normal-tissue toxicity. The seeds of using AE emitters for RPT were planted several decades ago. Much knowledge has been gathered about the potency of the biologic effects caused by the intense shower of these low-energy AEs. Given their short range, AEs deposit much of their energy in the immediate vicinity of their site of decay. However, the promise of AE RPT has not yet been realized, with few agents evaluated in clinical trials and none becoming part of routine treatment so far. Instigated by the 2022 "Technical Meeting on Auger Electron Emitters for Radiopharmaceutical Developments" at the International Atomic Energy Agency, this review presents the current status of AE RPT based on the discussions by experts in the field. A scoring system was applied to illustrate hurdles in the development of AE RPT, and we present a selected list of well-studied and emerging AE-emitting radionuclides. Based on the number of AEs and other emissions, physical half-life, radionuclide production, radiochemical approaches, dosimetry, and vector availability, recommendations are put forward to enhance and impact future efforts in AE RPT research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Bolcaen
- SSC Laboratory, Radiation Biophysics, NRF iThemba LABS, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Mohamed A Gizawy
- Egyptian Second Research Reactor Complex, Egyptian Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Samantha Y A Terry
- School of Biomedical Engineering and Imaging Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Campus Tecnológico e Nuclear, Bobadela, Portugal
| | - Bart Cornelissen
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aruna Korde
- Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Application, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonathan Engle
- University of Wisconsin Cyclotron Research Group, Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Valery Radchenko
- TRIUMF, Life Sciences Division, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada;
- University of British Columbia, Chemistry Department, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; and
| | - Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology and Center for Cell Signaling, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey
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5
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Obata H, Ogawa M, Zalutsky MR. DNA Repair Inhibitors: Potential Targets and Partners for Targeted Radionuclide Therapy. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1926. [PMID: 37514113 PMCID: PMC10384049 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The present review aims to explore the potential targets/partners for future targeted radionuclide therapy (TRT) strategies, wherein cancer cells often are not killed effectively, despite receiving a high average tumor radiation dose. Here, we shall discuss the key factors in the cancer genome, especially those related to DNA damage response/repair and maintenance systems for escaping cell death in cancer cells. To overcome the current limitations of TRT effectiveness due to radiation/drug-tolerant cells and tumor heterogeneity, and to make TRT more effective, we propose that a promising strategy would be to target the DNA maintenance factors that are crucial for cancer survival. Considering their cancer-specific DNA damage response/repair ability and dysregulated transcription/epigenetic system, key factors such as PARP, ATM/ATR, amplified/overexpressed transcription factors, and DNA methyltransferases have the potential to be molecular targets for Auger electron therapy; moreover, their inhibition by non-radioactive molecules could be a partnering component for enhancing the therapeutic response of TRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Obata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
- Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Michael R Zalutsky
- Departments of Radiology and Radiation Oncology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Kostelnik TI, Olson AP, Grundmane A, Ellison PA, Mynerich J, Chen S, Marinova A, Randhawa P, Karaivanov D, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Barnhart TE, Orvig C, Ramogida CF, Hoehr C, Filosofov D, Engle JW, Radchenko V. Production and radiochemistry of antimony-120m: Efforts toward Auger electron therapy with 119Sb. Nucl Med Biol 2023; 122-123:108352. [PMID: 37390607 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2023.108352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Targeted Meitner-Auger Therapy (TMAT) has potential for personalized treatment thanks to its subcellular dosimetric selectivity, which is distinct from the dosimetry of β- and α particle emission based Targeted Radionuclide Therapy (TRT). To date, most clinical and preclinical TMAT studies have used commercially available radionuclides. These studies showed promising results despite using radionuclides with theoretically suboptimal photon to electron ratios, decay kinetics, and electron emission spectra. Studies using radionuclides whose decay characteristics are considered more optimal are therefore important for evaluation of the full potential of Meitner-Auger therapy; 119Sb is among the best such candidates. In the present work, we develop radiochemical purification of 120Sb from irradiated natural tin targets for TMAT studies with 119Sb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas I Kostelnik
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Aeli P Olson
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Aivija Grundmane
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Paul A Ellison
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Jenasee Mynerich
- Faculty of Science, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Shaohuang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Atanaska Marinova
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Parmissa Randhawa
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Dimitar Karaivanov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Todd E Barnhart
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Chris Orvig
- Medicinal Inorganic Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | | | - Cornelia Hoehr
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Victoria, Victoria, British Columbia V8W 2Y2, Canada; Department of Computer Science, Mathematics, Physics, and Statistics, University of British Columbia Okanagan, Kelowna, British Columbia V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Dmitry Filosofov
- Dzhelepov Laboratory of Nuclear Problems, Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna 141980, Russian Federation
| | - Jonathan W Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, United States
| | - Valery Radchenko
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada.
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Onoue R, Watanabe H, Ono M. Hoechst-tagged radioiodinated BODIPY derivative for Auger-electron cancer therapy. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:928-931. [PMID: 36597875 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc05405a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Targeted radionuclide therapy using Auger electrons is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. A DNA-binding Hoechst-tagged radioiodinated BODIPY derivative ([125I]BH) has been prepared as an Auger therapeutic agent. [125I]BH showed high accumulation in the nucleus of HeLa cells and cytotoxicity caused by DNA double-strand breaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryotaro Onoue
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Hiroyuki Watanabe
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Ono
- Department of Patho-Functional Bioanalysis, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, 46-29 Yoshida Shimoadachi-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan.
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8
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Alcocer Ávila ME, Hindié E, Champion C. How to explain the sensitivity of DNA double-strand breaks yield to 125I position? Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:103-108. [PMID: 35259042 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2022.2047822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Auger emitters exhibit interesting features due to their emission of a cascade of short-range Auger electrons. Maximum DNA breakage efficacy is achieved when decays occur near DNA. Studies of double-strand breaks (DSBs) yields in plasmids revealed cutoff distances from DNA axis of 10.5 Å-12 Å, beyond which the mechanism of DSBs moves from direct to indirect effects, and the yield decreases rapidly. Some authors suggested that the average energy deposited in a DNA cylinder could explain such cutoffs. We aimed to study this hypothesis in further detail. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using the Monte Carlo code CELLDOSE, we investigated the influence of the 125I atom position on energy deposits and absorbed doses per decay not only in a DNA cylinder, but also in individual strands, each modeled as 10 spheres encompassing the fragility sites for phosphodiester bond cleavage. RESULTS The dose per decay decreased much more rapidly for a sphere in the proximal strand than for the DNA cylinder. For example, when moving the 125I source from 10.5 Å to 11.5 Å, the average dose to the sphere dropped by 43%, compared to only 13% in the case of the cylinder. CONCLUSIONS Explaining variations in DSBs yields with 125I position should consider the probability of inducing damage in the proximal strand (nearest to the 125I atom). The energy received by fragility sites in this strand is highly influenced by the isotropic (4π) emission of 125I low-energy Auger electrons. The positioning of Auger emitters for targeted radionuclide therapy can be envisioned accordingly.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elif Hindié
- Université de Bordeaux, INCIA, CHU de Bordeaux - Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Pessac, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
| | - Christophe Champion
- Université de Bordeaux-CNRS-CEA, Centre Lasers Intenses et Applications, UMR 5107, Talence, France
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9
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Rosenkranz AA, Slastnikova TA, Durymanov MO, Georgiev GP, Sobolev AS. Exploiting active nuclear import for efficient delivery of Auger electron emitters into the cell nucleus. Int J Radiat Biol 2023; 99:28-38. [PMID: 32856963 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1815889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The most attractive features of Auger electrons (AEs) in cancer therapy are their extremely short range and sufficiently high linear energy transfer (LET) for a majority of them. The cytotoxic effects of AE emitters can be realized only in close vicinity to sensitive cellular targets and they are negligible if the emitters are located outside the cell. The nucleus is considered the compartment most sensitive to high LET particles. Therefore, the use of AE emitters could be most useful in specific recognition of a cancer cell and delivery of AE emitters into its nucleus. PURPOSE This review describes the studies aimed at developing effective anticancer agents for the delivery of AE emitters to the nuclei of target cancer cells. The use of peptide-based conjugates, nanoparticles, recombinant proteins, and other constructs for AE emitter targeted intranuclear delivery as well as their advantages and limitations are discussed. CONCLUSION Transport from the cytoplasm to the nucleus along with binding to the cancer cell is one of the key stages in the delivery of AE emitters; therefore, several constructs for exploitation of this transport have been developed. The transport is carried out through a nuclear pore complex (NPC) with the use of specific amino acid nuclear localization sequences (NLS) and carrier proteins named importins, which are located in the cytosol. Therefore, the effectiveness of NLS-containing delivery constructs designed to provide energy-dependent transport of AE emitter into the nuclei of cancer cells also depends on their efficient entry into the cytosol of the target cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey A Rosenkranz
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Alexander S Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.,Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
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Obata H, Kurimasa A, Muraoka T, Tsuji AB, Kondo K, Kuwahara Y, Minegishi K, Nagatsu K, Ogawa M, Zhang MR. Dynamic imaging analysis reveals Auger electron-emitting radio-cisplatin induces DNA damage depending on the cell cycle. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 637:286-293. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Higashi Y, Ma Y, Matsumoto K, Shiro A, Saitoh H, Kawachi T, Tamanoi F. Auger electrons and DNA double-strand breaks studied by using iodine-containing chemicals. Enzymes 2022; 51:101-115. [PMID: 36336404 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Irradiation of high Z elements such as iodine, gold, gadolinium with monochromatic X-rays causes photoelectric effects that include the release of Auger electrons. Decay of radioactive iodine such as I-123 and I-125 also results in multiple events and some involve the generation of Auger electrons. These electrons have low energy and travel only a short distance but have a strong effect on DNA damage including the generation of double-strand breaks. In this chapter, we focus on iodine and discuss various studies that used iodine-containing chemicals to generate Auger electrons and cause DNA double-strand breaks. First, DNA synthesis precursors containing iodine were used to place iodine on DNA. DNA binding dyes such as iodine Hoechst were investigated for Auger electron generation and DNA breaks. More recently, iodine containing nanoparticles were developed. We describe our study using tumor spheroids loaded with iodine nanoparticles and synchrotron-generated monochromatic X-rays. This study led to the demonstration that an optimum effect on DNA double-strand break formation is observed with a 33.2keV X-ray which is just above the K-edge energy of iodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Higashi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Kotaro Matsumoto
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ayumi Shiro
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Saitoh
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawachi
- Kansai Photon Science Institute, Quantum Beam Science Research Directorate, National Institute for Quantum Science and Technology, Kizu, Japan
| | - Fuyuhiko Tamanoi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Obata H, Tsuji AB, Kumata K, Sudo H, Minegishi K, Nagatsu K, Takakura H, Ogawa M, Kurimasa A, Zhang MR. Development of Novel 191Pt-Labeled Hoechst33258: 191Pt Is More Suitable than 111In for Targeting DNA. J Med Chem 2022; 65:5690-5700. [PMID: 35358392 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c02209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to establish new labeling methods for no-carrier-added radio-Pt (191Pt) and to evaluate the in vitro properties of 191Pt-labeled agents compared with those of agents labeled with the common emitter 111In. 191Pt was complexed with the DNA-targeting dye Hoechst33258 via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or the sulfur-containing amino acid cysteine (Cys). The intranuclear fractions of 191Pt- and 111In-labeled Hoechst33258 were comparable, indicating that the labeling for 191Pt via DTPA or Cys and the labeling for 111In via DTPA worked equally well. 191Pt showed a DNA-binding/cellular uptake ratio of more than 1 order of magnitude greater than that of 111In. [191Pt]Pt-Hoechst33258 labeled via Cys showed a higher cellular uptake than that labeled via DTPA, resulting in a very high DNA-binding fraction of [191Pt]Pt-Cys-Hoechst33258 and extensive DNA damage. Our labeling methods of radio-Pt, especially via Cys, promote the development of radio-Pt-based agents for use in Auger electron therapy targeting DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honoka Obata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.,Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Atsushi B Tsuji
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsushi Kumata
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hitomi Sudo
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Theranostics, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
| | - Hideo Takakura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Mikako Ogawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiro Kurimasa
- Division of Radiation Biology and Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University, 1-15-1 Fukumuro, Miyagino-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 983-8536, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- Department of Advanced Nuclear Medicine Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum Science and Technology (QST), 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Sankaranarayanan RA, Peil J, Vogg ATJ, Bolm C, Terhorst S, Classen A, Bauwens M, Maurer J, Mottaghy F, Morgenroth A. Auger Emitter Conjugated PARP Inhibitor for Therapy in Triple Negative Breast Cancers: A Comparative In-Vitro Study. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14010230. [PMID: 35008392 PMCID: PMC8750932 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is an aggressive subtype of breast cancer, with a high recurrence rate. Since treatment of BRCAmut TNBC patients with PARP inhibitor (PARPi), targeting the nuclear protein PARP1, shows varied responses, its therapeutic efficacy is currently evaluated in combination with chemotherapy. Auger emitters (AEs) are radionuclides that can cause DNA damage when delivered close to the DNA. Due to the nuclear location of PARP1, radiolabelling of PARPi with AEs provide an efficient nuclear delivery mechanism. This study shows the radiosynthesis of an AE radiolabelled PARPi ([125I]-PARPi-01) and its therapeutic effect as monotherapy or in combination with chemotherapeutics in a panel of TNBC cell lines. We found that [125I]-PARPi-01 efficiently induces DNA damage with therapeutic effect irrespective of BRCA mutation. All responsive cell lines have homologous recombination deficiency. Short pretreatment with doxorubicin significantly reduces clonogenic survival of both responsive and resistant cell lines. Abstract PARP1 inhibitors (PARPi) are currently approved for BRCAmut metastatic breast cancer, but they have shown limited response in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. Combination of an Auger emitter with PARPis enables PARP inhibition and DNA strand break induction simultaneously. This will enhance cytotoxicity and additionally allow a theranostic approach. This study presents the radiosynthesis of the Auger emitter [125I] coupled olaparib derivative: [125I]-PARPi-01, and its therapeutic evaluation in a panel of TNBC cell lines. Specificity was tested by a blocking assay. DNA strand break induction was analysed by γH2AX immunofluorescence staining. Cell cycle analysis and apoptosis assays were studied using flow cytometry in TNBC cell lines (BRCAwt/mut). Anchorage independent growth potential was evaluated using soft agar assay. [125I]-PARPi-01 showed PARP1-specificity and higher cytotoxicity than olaparib in TNBC cell lines irrespective of BRCA their status. Cell lines harbouring DNA repair deficiency showed response to [125I]-PARPi-01 monotherapy. Combined treatment with Dox-NP further enhanced therapeutic efficiency in metastatic resistant BRCAwt cell lines. The clonogenic survival was significantly reduced after treatment with [125I]-PARPi-01 in all TNBC lines investigated. Therapeutic efficacy was further enhanced after combined treatment with chemotherapeutics. [125I]-PARPi-01 is a promising radiotherapeutic agent for low radiation dosages, and mono/combined therapies of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramya Ambur Sankaranarayanan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Jennifer Peil
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Andreas T. J. Vogg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
| | - Carsten Bolm
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Steven Terhorst
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Arno Classen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, 52056 Aachen, Germany; (C.B.); (S.T.); (A.C.)
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University, 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Jochen Maurer
- Department of Molecular Gynecology, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Felix Mottaghy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center (MUMC+), 6229HX Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Morgenroth
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany; (R.A.S.); (J.P.); (A.T.J.V.); (M.B.); (F.M.)
- Correspondence:
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Yan H, Carlson DJ, Abolfath R, Liu W. Microdosimetric Investigation and a Novel Model of Radiosensitization in the Presence of Metallic Nanoparticles. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122191. [PMID: 34959471 PMCID: PMC8709133 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Auger cascades generated in high atomic number nanoparticles (NPs) following ionization were considered a potential mechanism for NP radiosensitization. In this work, we investigated the microdosimetric consequences of the Auger cascades using the theory of dual radiation action (TDRA), and we propose the novel Bomb model as a general framework for describing NP-related radiosensitization. When triggered by an ionization event, the Bomb model considers the NPs that are close to a radiation sensitive cellular target, generates dense secondary electrons and kills the cells according to a probability distribution, acting like a “bomb.” TDRA plus a distance model were used as the theoretical basis for calculating the change in α of the linear-quadratic survival model and the relative biological effectiveness (RBE). We calculated these quantities for SQ20B and Hela human cancer cells under 250 kVp X-ray irradiation with the presence of gadolinium-based NPs (AGuIXTM), and 220 kVp X-ray irradiation with the presence of 50 nm gold NPs (AuNPs), respectively, and compared with existing experimental data. Geant4-based Monte Carlo (MC) simulations were used to (1) generate the electron spectrum and the phase space data of photons entering the NPs and (2) calculate the proximity functions and other related parameters for the TDRA and the Bomb model. The Auger cascade electrons had a greater proximity function than photoelectric and Compton electrons in water by up to 30%, but the resulting increases in α were smaller than those derived from experimental data. The calculated RBEs cannot explain the experimental findings. The relative increase in α predicted by TDRA was lower than the experimental result by a factor of at least 45 for SQ20B cells with AGuIX under 250 kVp X-ray irradiation, and at least four for Hela cells with AuNPs under 220 kVp X-ray irradiation. The application of the Bomb model to Hela cells with AuNPs under 220 kVp X-ray irradiation indicated that a single ionization event for NPs caused by higher energy photons has a higher probability of killing a cell. NPs that are closer to the cell nucleus are more effective for radiosensitization. Microdosimetric calculations of the RBE for cell death of the Auger electron cascade cannot explain the experimentally observed radiosensitization by AGuIX or AuNP, while the proposed Bomb model is a potential candidate for describing NP-related radiosensitization at low NP concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huagang Yan
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China;
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Fundamental Research on Biomechanics in Clinical Application, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100069, China
| | - David J. Carlson
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Ramin Abolfath
- Department of Radiation Physics and Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 75031, USA;
- Department of Radiation Oncology, New Jersey Urology, West Orange, NJ 07052, USA
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Correspondence:
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15
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Palma E, Carvalho J, Cruz C, Paulo A. Metal-Based G-Quadruplex Binders for Cancer Theranostics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:605. [PMID: 34201682 PMCID: PMC8308583 DOI: 10.3390/ph14070605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of fluorescent small molecules, such as metal complexes, to selectively recognize G-quadruplex (G4) structures has opened a route to develop new probes for the visualization of these DNA structures in cells. The main goal of this review is to update the most recent research efforts towards the development of novel cancer theranostic agents using this type of metal-based probes that specifically recognize G4 structures. This encompassed a comprehensive overview of the most significant progress in the field, namely based on complexes with Cu, Pt, and Ru that are among the most studied metals to obtain this class of molecules. It is also discussed the potential interest of obtaining G4-binders with medical radiometals (e.g., 99mTc, 111In, 64Cu, 195mPt) suitable for diagnostic and/or therapeutic applications within nuclear medicine modalities, in order to enable their theranostic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Palma
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
| | - Josué Carvalho
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - Carla Cruz
- CICS-UBI-Centro de Investigação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade da Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; (J.C.); (C.C.)
| | - António Paulo
- C2TN-Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal;
- DECN-Departamento de Engenharia e Ciências Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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In Vitro Evaluation of No-Carrier-Added Radiolabeled Cisplatin ([ 189, 191Pt]cisplatin) Emitting Auger Electrons. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22094622. [PMID: 33924843 PMCID: PMC8124180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to their short-range (2–500 nm), Auger electrons (Auger e−) have the potential to induce nano-scale physiochemical damage to biomolecules. Although DNA is the primary target of Auger e−, it remains challenging to maximize the interaction between Auger e− and DNA. To assess the DNA-damaging effect of Auger e− released as close as possible to DNA without chemical damage, we radio-synthesized no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [189, 191Pt]cisplatin and evaluated both its in vitro properties and DNA-damaging effect. Cellular uptake, intracellular distribution, and DNA binding were investigated, and DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) were evaluated by immunofluorescence staining of γH2AX and gel electrophoresis of plasmid DNA. Approximately 20% of intracellular radio-Pt was in a nucleus, and about 2% of intra-nucleus radio-Pt bound to DNA, although uptake of n.c.a. radio-cisplatin was low (0.6% incubated dose after 25-h incubation), resulting in the frequency of cells with γH2AX foci was low (1%). Nevertheless, some cells treated with radio-cisplatin had γH2AX aggregates unlike non-radioactive cisplatin. These findings suggest n.c.a. radio-cisplatin binding to DNA causes severe DSBs by the release of Auger e− very close to DNA without chemical damage by carriers. Efficient radio-drug delivery to DNA is necessary for successful clinical application of Auger e−.
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Chiang CS, Shih IJ, Shueng PW, Kao M, Zhang LW, Chen SF, Chen MH, Liu TY. Tumor cell-targeting radiotherapy in the treatment of glioblastoma multiforme using linear accelerators. Acta Biomater 2021; 125:300-311. [PMID: 33609743 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2021.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although boron neuron capture therapy (BNCT) has enabled the delivery of stronger radiation dose to glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells for precision radiotherapy (RT), patients in need are almost unable to access the treatment due to insufficient operating devices. Therefore, we developed targeted sensitization-enhanced radiotherapy (TSER), a strategy that could achieve precision cell-targeted RT using common linear accelerators. TSER, which involves the combination of GoldenDisk (GD; a spherical radioenhancer), 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), low-intensity ultrasound (US), and low-dose RT, exhibited synergized radiosensitization effects. Both 5-ALA and hyaluronic-acid-immobilized GD can selectively accumulate in GBM to induce chemical and biological enhancement of radiosensitization, resulting in DNA damage, escalation of reactive oxygen species levels, and cell cycle redistribution, in turn sensitizing GBM cells to radiation under US. TSER showed an enhanced therapeutic effect and survival in the treatment of an orthotropic GBM model with only 20% of the radiation dose compared to that of a 10-Gy RT. The strategy with the potential to inhibit GBM progress and rescue the organ at risk using low-dose RT, thereby improving the quality of life of GBM patients, shedding light on achieving cell-targeted RT using universally available linear accelerators. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: We invented GoldenDisk (GD), a radioenhancer with hyaluronic-acid (HAc)-coated gold nanoparticle (AuNP)-core/silica shell nanoparticle, to make radiotherapy (RT) safer and smarter. The surface modification of HAc and silica allows GD to target CD44-overexpressed glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells and stay structurally stable in cytoplasm throughout the course of RT. By combining GD with low-energy ultrasound and an FDA-approved imaging agent, 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA), GBM cells were sensitized to RT leaving healthy tissues in the vicinity unaffected. The ionized radiation can further be transferred to photoelectronic products with higher cytotoxicity by GD upon collision, achieving higher therapeutic efficacy. With the newly-developed strategy, we are able to achieve low-dose precision RT with the use of only 20% radiation dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Sheng Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cell Therapy Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Ju Shih
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Wei Shueng
- Division of Radiation Oncology, Far Eastern Memorial Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan; Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min Kao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Wen Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shuo-Fu Chen
- National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Hong Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Taipei Municipal Wanfang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Tse-Ying Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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18
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Synthesis of no-carrier-added [ 188, 189, 191Pt]cisplatin from a cyclotron produced 188, 189, 191PtCl 42- complex. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8140. [PMID: 33854142 PMCID: PMC8046966 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We developed a novel method for production of no-carrier-added (n.c.a.) [188, 189, 191Pt]PtIICl42- from an Ir target material, and then synthesized n.c.a. [*Pt]cis-[PtIICl2(NH3)2] ([*Pt]cisplatin) from [*Pt]PtIICl42-. [*Pt]PtIICl42- was prepared as a synthetic precursor of n.c.a. *Pt complex by a combination of resin extraction and anion-exchange chromatography after the selective reduction of IrIVCl62- with ascorbic acid. The ligand-substitution reaction of Cl with NH3 was promoted by treating n.c.a. [*Pt]PtIICl42- with excess NH3 and heating the reaction mixture, and n.c.a. [*Pt]cisplatin was successfully produced without employing precipitation routes. After this treatment, [*Pt]cisplatin was isolated through preparative HPLC with a radiochemical purity of 99 + % at the end of synthesis (EOS).
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Madsen KL, Therkelsen ASN, Langkjær N, Olsen BB, Thisgaard H. Auger electron therapy of glioblastoma using [ 125I]5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine and concomitant chemotherapy - Evaluation of a potential treatment strategy. Nucl Med Biol 2021; 96-97:35-40. [PMID: 33784592 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Treatment of glioblastomas (GBM) using the Auger electron emitting compound [125I]5-Iodo-2'-deoxyuridine ([125I]I-UdR), combined with the thymidylate synthase inhibitor methotrexate (MTX) and concomitant chemotherapy with temozolomide (TMZ) has recently shown very promising therapeutic effects in vitro and in vivo in animals. The aim of the current study was to investigate if the therapeutic effects of this multimodal treatment strategy could be further increased by the thymidylate synthase inhibitor, 5-fluoro-2'-deoxyuridine (F-UdR), in comparison to MTX, and if the co-treatment should be given in a neoadjuvant or adjuvant setting. METHODS A patient-derived GBM cancer stem cell (CSC)-enriched cell line, grown as neurospheres, was employed to evaluate DNA-incorporation of [125I]I-UdR, determined by a DNA precipitation assay, using either pre-treatment or co-treatment with MTX or F-UdR. The therapeutic effects in the CSC-enriched cell line after exposure to various combinations of MTX, F-UdR, TMZ and [125I]I-UdR were also investigated by a CellTiter-Blue assay. RESULTS The highest general increase in [125I]I-UdR incorporation was observed with F-UdR co-treatment, which resulted in approx. 2.5-fold increase in the DNA-associated activity. Also the cell viability was significantly decreased when F-UdR was combined with [125I]I-UdR compared to [125I]I-UdR alone at all activity concentrations tested. MTX was redundant when combined with 400 and 500 Bq/ml [125I]I-UdR. TMZ was effective in combination with either [125I]I-UdR alone or with both thymidylate synthase inhibitors combined with 50-100 Bq/ml [125I]I-UdR. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our study revealed a higher incorporation and therapeutic effect of [125I]I-UdR when GBM cells were co-treated with F-UdR compared to MTX. The therapeutic effects were further increased when TMZ was combined with [125I]I-UdR in combination with the thymidylate synthase inhibitors. ADVANCES IN KNOWLEDGE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PATIENT CARE Auger electron therapy in combination with thymidylate synthase inhibition and concomitant chemotherapy has the potential to become a future therapeutic treatment option for patients with glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Lindbøg Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Anne Sofie Nautrup Therkelsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Langkjær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Birgitte Brinkmann Olsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Helge Thisgaard
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark; Department of Clinical Research, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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20
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Howell RW. Advancements in the use of Auger electrons in science and medicine during the period 2015-2019. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 99:2-27. [PMID: 33021416 PMCID: PMC8062591 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1831706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Auger electrons can be highly radiotoxic when they are used to irradiate specific molecular sites. This has spurred basic science investigations of their radiobiological effects and clinical investigations of their potential for therapy. Focused symposia on the biophysical aspects of Auger processes have been held quadrennially. This 9th International Symposium on Physical, Molecular, Cellular, and Medical Aspects of Auger Processes at Oxford University brought together scientists from many different fields to review past findings, discuss the latest studies, and plot the future work to be done. This review article examines the research in this field that was published during the years 2015-2019 which corresponds to the period since the last meeting in Japan. In addition, this article points to future work yet to be done. There have been a plethora of advancements in our understanding of Auger processes. These advancements range from basic atomic and molecular physics to new ways to implement Auger electron emitters in radiopharmaceutical therapy. The highly localized doses of radiation that are deposited within a 10 nm of the decay site make them precision tools for discovery across the physical, chemical, biological, and medical sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger W Howell
- Division of Radiation Research, Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
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21
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Sobolev AS. The Delivery of Biologically Active Agents into the Nuclei of Target Cells for the Purposes of Translational Medicine. Acta Naturae 2020; 12:47-56. [PMID: 33456977 PMCID: PMC7800601 DOI: 10.32607/actanaturae.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Development of vehicles for the subcellular targeted delivery of biologically active agents is very promising for the purposes of translational medicine. This review summarizes the results obtained by researchers from the Laboratory of Molecular Genetics of Intracellular Transport, Institute of Gene Biology RAS, which allowed them to design the core technology: modular nanotransporters. This approach ensures high efficacy and cell specificity for different anti-cancer agents, as they are delivered into the most vulnerable subcellular compartment within the cells of interest and makes it possible for antibody mimetics to penetrate into a compartment of interest within the target cells ("diving antibodies"). Furthermore, polyplexes, complexes of polycationic block copolymers of DNA, have been developed and characterized. These complexes are efficient both in vitro and in vivo and demonstrate predominant transfection of actively dividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. S. Sobolev
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow,119334 Russia
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234 Russia
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22
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Belchior A, Di Maria S, Fernandes C, Vaz P, Paulo A, Raposinho P. Radiobiological and dosimetric assessment of DNA-intercalated 99mTc-complexes bearing acridine orange derivatives. EJNMMI Res 2020; 10:79. [PMID: 32661612 PMCID: PMC7359215 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-020-00663-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, a new family of 99mTc(I)-tricarbonyl complexes bearing an acridine orange (AO) DNA targeting unit and different linkers between the Auger emitter (99mTc) and the AO moiety was evaluated for Auger therapy. Among them, 99mTc-C3 places the corresponding radionuclide at a shortest distance to DNA and produces important double strand breaks (DSB) yields in plasmid DNA providing the first evidence that 99mTc can efficiently induce DNA damage when well positioned to the double helix. Here in, we have extended the studies to human prostate cancer PC3 cells using the 99mTc-C3 and 99mTc-C5 complexes, aiming to assess how the distance to DNA influences the radiation-induced biological effects in this tumoral cell line, namely, in which concerns early and late damage effects. RESULTS Our results highlight the limited biological effectiveness of Auger electrons, as short path length radiation, with increasing distances to DNA. The evaluation of the radiation-induced biological effects was complemented with a comparative microdosimetric study based on intracellular dose values. The comparative study, between MIRD and Monte Carlo (MC) methods used to assess the cellular doses, revealed that efforts should be made in order to standardize the bioeffects modeling for DNA-incorporated Auger electron emitters. CONCLUSIONS 99mTc might not be the ideal radionuclide for Auger therapy but can be useful to validate the design of new classes of Auger-electron emitting radioconjugates. In this context, our results highlight the crucial importance of the distance of Auger electron emitters to the target DNA and encourage the development of strategies for the fine tuning of the distance to DNA for other medical radionuclides (e.g., 111In or 161Tb) in order to enhance their radiotherapeutic effects within the Auger therapy of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Belchior
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
| | - Salvatore Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Célia Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vaz
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Paula Raposinho
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066, Bobadela LRS, Portugal.
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Delivery systems exploiting natural cell transport processes of macromolecules for intracellular targeting of Auger electron emitters. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 80-81:45-56. [PMID: 31810828 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The presence of Auger electrons (AE) among the decay products of a number of radionuclides makes these radionuclides an attractive means for treating cancer because these short-range electrons can cause significant damage in the immediate vicinity of the decomposition site. Moreover, the extreme locality of the effect provides a potential for selective eradication of cancer cells with minimal damage to adjacent normal cells provided that the delivery of the AE emitter to the most vulnerable parts of the cell can be achieved. Few cellular compartments have been regarded as the desired target site for AE emitters, with the cell nucleus generally recognized as the preferred site for AE decay due to the extreme sensitivity of nuclear DNA to direct damage by radiation of high linear energy transfer. Thus, the advantages of AE emitters for cancer therapy are most likely to be realized by their selective delivery into the nucleus of the malignant cells. To achieve this goal, delivery systems must combine a challenging complex of properties that not only provide cancer cell preferential recognition but also cell entry followed by transport into the cell nucleus. A promising strategy for achieving this is the recruitment of natural cell transport processes of macromolecules, involved in each of the aforementioned steps. To date, a number of constructs exploiting intracellular transport systems have been proposed for AE emitter delivery to the nucleus of a targeted cell. An example of such a multifunctional vehicle that provides smart step-by-step delivery is the so-called modular nanotransporter, which accomplishes selective recognition, binding, internalization, and endosomal escape followed by nuclear import of the delivered radionuclide. The current review will focus on delivery systems utilizing various intracellular transport pathways and their combinations in order to provide efficient targeting of AE to the cancer cell nucleus.
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Lee H, Riad A, Martorano P, Mansfield A, Samanta M, Batra V, Mach RH, Maris JM, Pryma DA, Makvandi M. PARP-1-Targeted Auger Emitters Display High-LET Cytotoxic Properties In Vitro but Show Limited Therapeutic Utility in Solid Tumor Models of Human Neuroblastoma. J Nucl Med 2019; 61:850-856. [PMID: 31676730 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.119.233965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The currently available therapeutic radiopharmaceutical for high-risk neuroblastoma, 131I-metaiodobenzylguanidine, is ineffective at targeting micrometastases because of the low-linear-energy-transfer (LET) properties of high-energy β-particles. In contrast, Auger radiation has high-LET properties with nanometer ranges in tissue, efficiently causing DNA damage when emitted near DNA. The aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity of targeted Auger therapy in preclinical models of high-risk neuroblastoma. Methods: We used a radiolabled poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitor called 125I-KX1 to deliver Auger radiation to PARP-1, a chromatin-binding enzyme overexpressed in neuroblastoma. The in vitro cytotoxicity of 125I-KX1 was assessed in 19 neuroblastoma cell lines, followed by in-depth pharmacologic analysis in a sensitive and resistant pair of cell lines. Immunofluorescence microscopy was used to characterize 125I-KX1-induced DNA damage. Finally, in vitro and in vivo microdosimetry was modeled from experimentally derived pharmacologic variables. Results: 125I-KX1 was highly cytotoxic in vitro across a panel of neuroblastoma cell lines, directly causing double-strand DNA breaks. On the basis of subcellular dosimetry, 125I-KX1 was approximately twice as effective as 131I-KX1, whereas cytoplasmic 125I-metaiodobenzylguanidine demonstrated low biological effectiveness. Despite the ability to deliver a focused radiation dose to the cell nuclei, 125I-KX1 remained less effective than its α-emitting analog 211At-MM4 and required significantly higher activity for equivalent in vivo efficacy based on tumor microdosimetry. Conclusion: Chromatin-targeted Auger therapy is lethal to high-risk neuroblastoma cells and has the potential to be used in micrometastatic disease. This study provides the first evidence for cellular lethality from a PARP-1-targeted Auger emitter, calling for further investigation into targeted Auger therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan Lee
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Aladdin Riad
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Paul Martorano
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Adam Mansfield
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Minu Samanta
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Vandana Batra
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert H Mach
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - John M Maris
- Division of Oncology and Center for Childhood Cancer Research, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Daniel A Pryma
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Mehran Makvandi
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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Ku A, Facca VJ, Cai Z, Reilly RM. Auger electrons for cancer therapy - a review. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:27. [PMID: 31659527 PMCID: PMC6800417 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0075-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Auger electrons (AEs) are very low energy electrons that are emitted by radionuclides that decay by electron capture (e.g. 111In, 67Ga, 99mTc, 195mPt, 125I and 123I). This energy is deposited over nanometre-micrometre distances, resulting in high linear energy transfer (LET) that is potent for causing lethal damage in cancer cells. Thus, AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have great potential for treatment of cancer. In this review, we describe the radiobiological properties of AEs, their radiation dosimetry, radiolabelling methods, and preclinical and clinical studies that have been performed to investigate AEs for cancer treatment. Results AEs are most lethal to cancer cells when emitted near the cell nucleus and especially when incorporated into DNA (e.g. 125I-IUdR). AEs cause DNA damage both directly and indirectly via water radiolysis. AEs can also kill targeted cancer cells by damaging the cell membrane, and kill non-targeted cells through a cross-dose or bystander effect. The radiation dosimetry of AEs considers both organ doses and cellular doses. The Medical Internal Radiation Dose (MIRD) schema may be applied. Radiolabelling methods for complexing AE-emitters to biomolecules (antibodies and peptides) and nanoparticles include radioiodination (125I and 123I) or radiometal chelation (111In, 67Ga, 99mTc). Cancer cells exposed in vitro to AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents exhibit decreased clonogenic survival correlated at least in part with unrepaired DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) detected by immunofluorescence for γH2AX, and chromosomal aberrations. Preclinical studies of AE-emitting radiotherapeutic agents have shown strong tumour growth inhibition in vivo in tumour xenograft mouse models. Minimal normal tissue toxicity was found due to the restricted toxicity of AEs mostly on tumour cells targeted by the radiotherapeutic agents. Clinical studies of AEs for cancer treatment have been limited but some encouraging results were obtained in early studies using 111In-DTPA-octreotide and 125I-IUdR, in which tumour remissions were achieved in several patients at administered amounts that caused low normal tissue toxicity, as well as promising improvements in the survival of glioblastoma patients with 125I-mAb 425, with minimal normal tissue toxicity. Conclusions Proof-of-principle for AE radiotherapy of cancer has been shown preclinically, and clinically in a limited number of studies. The recent introduction of many biologically-targeted therapies for cancer creates new opportunities to design novel AE-emitting agents for cancer treatment. Pierre Auger did not conceive of the application of AEs for targeted cancer treatment, but this is a tremendously exciting future that we and many other scientists in this field envision.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony Ku
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Valerie J Facca
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Zhongli Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Raymond M Reilly
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Department of Medical Imaging, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Joint Department of Medical Imaging and Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada. .,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St., Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada.
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26
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Grokhovsky SL. Use of β Radiation to Localize the Binding Sites of Mercury Ions and Platinum-Containing Ligand in DNA. Mol Biol 2018. [DOI: 10.1134/s0026893318050072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Grudzinski J, Marsh I, Titz B, Jeffery J, Longino M, Kozak K, Lange K, Larrabee J, Weichmann A, Moser A, Bednarz B. CLR 125 Auger Electrons for the Targeted Radiotherapy of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2018; 33:87-95. [PMID: 29641256 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2017.2376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Auger electrons emitted by radioisotopes such as 125I have a high linear energy transfer and short mean-free path in tissue (<10 μm), making them suitable for treating micrometastases while sparing normal tissues. The authors developed and subsequently investigated a cancer cell-selective small molecule phospholipid ether analog to deliver 125I to triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells in vivo. METHODS A Current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) method to radiolabel 125I-CLR1404 (CLR 125) with >95% radiochemical purity was established. To estimate CLR 125 in vivo dosimetry and identify dose-limiting organs, the biodistribution of the analog compound 124I-CLR1404 (CLR 124) was investigated using micro-positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) in conjunction with a Monte Carlo dosimetry platform to estimate CLR 125 dosimetry. In vivo antitumor efficacy was tested by injecting nude mice bearing either MDA-MB-231-luc orthotopic xenografts or lung metastases with 74 MBq (3.7 GBq/kg) of CLR 125 or an equivalent mass amount of nonradiolabeled CLR 125. Longitudinal tumor measurements using calipers and bioluminescence imaging were obtained for the xenografts and lung metastases, respectively. RESULTS Dosimetry analysis estimated that CLR 125 would impart the largest absorbed dose to the tumor per injected activity (0.261 ± 0.023 Gy/MBq) while the bone marrow, which is generally the dose-limiting organ for CLR1404, appears to have the lowest (0.063 ± 0.005 Gy/MBq). At administered activities of up to 74 MBq (3.7 GBq/kg), mice did not experience signs of toxicity. In addition, a single dose of CLR 125 reduced the volume of orthotopic primary TNBC xenografts by ∼60% compared to control vehicle (p < 0.001) and significantly extended survival. In addition, CLR 125 was efficacious against preclinical metastatic TNBC models by inhibiting the progression of micrometastases (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Targeted radionuclide therapy with CLR 125 displayed significant antitumor efficacy in vivo, suggesting promise for treatment of TNBC micrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Grudzinski
- 1 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Ian Marsh
- 1 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | - Justin Jeffery
- 3 University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Marc Longino
- 2 Cellectar Biosciences, Inc. , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Kevin Kozak
- 2 Cellectar Biosciences, Inc. , Madison, Wisconsin
| | | | | | - Ashley Weichmann
- 3 University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Amy Moser
- 3 University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, Wisconsin.,4 Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Bryan Bednarz
- 1 Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin.,3 University of Wisconsin Carbone Cancer Center , Madison, Wisconsin.,4 Department of Human Oncology, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin
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Alotiby M, Greguric I, Kibédi T, Lee BQ, Roberts M, Stuchbery AE, Tee P, Tornyi T, Vos M. Measurement of the intensity ratio of Auger and conversion electrons for the electron capture decay of125I. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 63:06NT04. [DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/aab24b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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29
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Piroozfar B, Raisali G, Alirezapour B, Mirzaii M. The effect of 111In radionuclide distance and auger electron energy on direct induction of DNA double-strand breaks: a Monte Carlo study using Geant4 toolkit. Int J Radiat Biol 2018; 94:385-393. [DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2018.1440329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Piroozfar
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Raisali
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behrouz Alirezapour
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Mirzaii
- Radiation Applications Research School, Nuclear Science and Technology Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
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Clanton R, Gonzalez A, Shankar S, Akabani G. Rapid synthesis of 125I integrated gold nanoparticles for use in combined neoplasm imaging and targeted radionuclide therapy. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 131:49-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2015] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Mitochondrial stress controls the radiosensitivity of the oxygen effect: Implications for radiotherapy. Oncotarget 2017; 7:21469-83. [PMID: 26894978 PMCID: PMC5008299 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.7412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It has been more than 60 years since the discovery of the oxygen effect that empirically demonstrates the direct association between cell radiosensitivity and oxygen tension, important parameters in radiotherapy. Yet the mechanisms underlying this principal tenet of radiobiology are poorly understood. Better understanding of the oxygen effect may explain difficulty in eliminating hypoxic tumor cells, a major cause of regrowth after therapy. Our analysis utilizes the Howard-Flanders and Alper formula, which describes the relationship of radiosensitivity with oxygen tension. Here, we assign and qualitatively assess the relative contributions of two important mechanisms. The first mechanism involves the emission of reactive oxygen species from the mitochondrial electron transport chain, which increases with oxygen tension. The second mechanism is related to an energy and repair deficit, which increases with hypoxia. Following a radiation exposure, the uncoupling of the oxidative phosphorylation system (proton leak) in mitochondria lowers the emission of reactive oxygen species which has implications for fractionated radiotherapy, particularly of hypoxic tumors. Our analysis shows that, in oxygenated tumor and normal cells, mitochondria, rather than the nucleus, are the primary loci of radiotherapy effects, especially for low linear energy transfer radiation. Therefore, the oxygen effect can be explained by radiation-induced effects in mitochondria that generate reactive oxygen species, which in turn indirectly target nuclear DNA.
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Di Maria S, Belchior A, Pereira E, Quental L, Oliveira M, Mendes F, Lavrado J, Paulo A, Vaz P. Dosimetry assessment of DNA damage by Auger-emitting radionuclides: Experimental and Monte Carlo studies. Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2017.01.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Rezaee M, Hill RP, Jaffray DA. The Exploitation of Low-Energy Electrons in Cancer Treatment. Radiat Res 2017; 188:123-143. [PMID: 28557630 DOI: 10.1667/rr14727.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Given the distinct characteristics of low-energy electrons (LEEs), particularly at energies less than 30 eV, they can be applied to a wide range of therapeutic modalities to improve cancer treatment. LEEs have been shown to efficiently produce complex molecular damage resulting in substantial cellular toxicities. Since LEEs are produced in copious amounts from high-energy radiation beam, including photons, protons and ions; the control of LEE distribution can potentially enhance the therapeutic radio of such beams. LEEs can play a substantial role in the synergistic effect between radiation and chemotherapy, particularly halogenated and platinum-based anticancer drugs. Radiosensitizing entities containing atoms of high atomic number such as gold nanoparticles can be a source of LEE production if high-energy radiation interacts with them. This can provide a high local density of LEEs in a cell and produce cellular toxicity. Auger-electron-emitting radionuclides also create a high number of LEEs in each decay, which can induce lethal damage in a cell. Exploitation of LEEs in cancer treatment, however, faces a few challenges, such as dosimetry of LEEs and selective delivery of radiosensitizing and chemotherapeutic molecules close to cellular targets. This review first discusses the rationale for utilizing LEEs in cancer treatment by explaining their mechanism of action, describes theoretical and experimental studies at the molecular and cellular levels, then discusses strategies for achieving modification of the distribution and effectiveness of LEEs in cancerous tissue and their associated clinical benefit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaee
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Richard P Hill
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - David A Jaffray
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Ontario Cancer Institute and Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research and Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Pereira E, do Quental L, Palma E, Oliveira MC, Mendes F, Raposinho P, Correia I, Lavrado J, Di Maria S, Belchior A, Vaz P, Santos I, Paulo A. Evaluation of Acridine Orange Derivatives as DNA-Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals for Auger Therapy: Influence of the Radionuclide and Distance to DNA. Sci Rep 2017; 7:42544. [PMID: 28211920 PMCID: PMC5304164 DOI: 10.1038/srep42544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A new family of 99mTc(I)- tricarbonyl complexes and 125I-heteroaromatic compounds bearing an acridine orange (AO) DNA targeting unit was evaluated for Auger therapy. Characterization of the DNA interaction, performed with the non-radioactive Re and 127I congeners, confirmed that all compounds act as DNA intercalators. Both classes of compounds induce double strand breaks (DSB) in plasmid DNA but the extent of DNA damage is strongly dependent on the linker between the Auger emitter (99mTc or 125I) and the AO moiety. The in vitro evaluation was complemented with molecular docking studies and Monte Carlo simulations of the energy deposited at the nanometric scale, which corroborated the experimental data. Two of the tested compounds, 125I-C5 and 99mTc-C3, place the corresponding radionuclide at similar distances to DNA and produce comparable DSB yields in plasmid and cellular DNA. These results provide the first evidence that 99mTc can induce DNA damage with similar efficiency to that of 125I, when both are positioned at comparable distances to the double helix. Furthermore, the high nuclear retention of 99mTc-C3 in tumoral cells suggests that 99mTc-labelled AO derivatives are more promising for the design of Auger-emitting radiopharmaceuticals than the 125I-labelled congeners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Pereira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Letícia do Quental
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Elisa Palma
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal.,Centro Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria Cristina Oliveira
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Filipa Mendes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Paula Raposinho
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Isabel Correia
- Centro Química Estrutural, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Lavrado
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Salvatore Di Maria
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Ana Belchior
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vaz
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - António Paulo
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10 (km 139,7), 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Reissig F, Mamat C, Steinbach J, Pietzsch HJ, Freudenberg R, Navarro-Retamal C, Caballero J, Kotzerke J, Wunderlich G. Direct and Auger Electron-Induced, Single- and Double-Strand Breaks on Plasmid DNA Caused by 99mTc-Labeled Pyrene Derivatives and the Effect of Bonding Distance. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0161973. [PMID: 27583677 PMCID: PMC5008623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0161973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
It is evident that 99mTc causes radical-mediated DNA damage due to Auger electrons, which were emitted simultaneously with the known γ-emission of 99mTc. We have synthesized a series of new 99mTc-labeled pyrene derivatives with varied distances between the pyrene moiety and the radionuclide. The pyrene motif is a common DNA intercalator and allowed us to test the influence of the radionuclide distance on damages of the DNA helix. In general, pUC 19 plasmid DNA enables the investigation of the unprotected interactions between the radiotracers and DNA that results in single-strand breaks (SSB) or double-strand breaks (DSB). The resulting DNA fragments were separated by gel electrophoresis and quantified by fluorescent staining. Direct DNA damage and radical-induced indirect DNA damage by radiolysis products of water were evaluated in the presence or absence of the radical scavenger DMSO. We demonstrated that Auger electrons directly induced both SSB and DSB in high efficiency when 99mTc was tightly bound to the plasmid DNA and this damage could not be completely prevented by DMSO, a free radical scavenger. For the first time, we were able to minimize this effect by increasing the carbon chain lengths between the pyrene moiety and the 99mTc nuclide. However, a critical distance between the 99mTc atom and the DNA helix could not be determined due to the significantly lowered DSB generation resulting from the interaction which is dependent on the type of the 99mTc binding motif. The effect of variable DNA damage caused by the different chain length between the pyrene residue and the Tc-core as well as the possible conformations of the applied Tc-complexes was supplemented with molecular dynamics (MD) calculations. The effectiveness of the DNA-binding 99mTc-labeled pyrene derivatives was demonstrated by comparison to non-DNA-binding 99mTcO4–, since nearly all DNA damage caused by 99mTcO4– was prevented by incubating with DMSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Falco Reissig
- University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (GW); (FR)
| | - Constantin Mamat
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Joerg Steinbach
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Hans-Juergen Pietzsch
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf, Institute of Radiopharmaceutical Cancer Research, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Freudenberg
- University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Carlos Navarro-Retamal
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Julio Caballero
- Centro de Bioinformática y Simulación Molecular, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Talca, 2 Norte 685, Casilla 721, Talca, Chile
| | - Joerg Kotzerke
- University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Wunderlich
- University Hospital/ Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
- * E-mail: (GW); (FR)
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Runge R, Oehme L, Kotzerke J, Freudenberg R. The effect of dimethyl sulfoxide on the induction of DNA strand breaks in plasmid DNA and colony formation of PC Cl3 mammalian cells by alpha-, beta-, and Auger electron emitters (223)Ra, (188)Re, and (99m)Tc. EJNMMI Res 2016; 6:48. [PMID: 27259575 PMCID: PMC4893047 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-016-0203-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background DNA damage occurs as a consequence of both direct and indirect effects of ionizing radiation. The severity of DNA damage depends on the physical characteristics of the radiation quality, e.g., the linear energy transfer (LET). There are still contrary findings regarding direct or indirect interactions of high-LET emitters with DNA. Our aim is to determine DNA damage and the effect on cellular survival induced by 223Ra compared to 188Re and 99mTc modulated by the radical scavenger dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). Methods Radioactive solutions of 223Ra, 188Re, or 99mTc were added to either plasmid DNA or to PC Cl3 cells in the absence or presence of DMSO. Following irradiation, single strand breaks (SSB) and double strand breaks (DSB) in plasmid DNA were analyzed by gel electrophoresis. To determine the radiosensitivity of the rat thyroid cell line (PC Cl3), survival curves were performed using the colony formation assay. Results Exposure to 120 Gy of 223Ra, 188Re, or 99mTc leads to maximal yields of SSB (80 %) in plasmid DNA. Irradiation with 540 Gy 223Ra and 500 Gy 188Re or 99mTc induced 40, 28, and 64 % linear plasmid conformations, respectively. DMSO prevented the SSB and DSB in a similar way for all radionuclides. However, with the α-emitter 223Ra, a low level of DSB could not be prevented by DMSO. Irradiation of PC Cl3 cells with 223Ra, 188Re, and 99mTc pre-incubated with DMSO revealed enhanced survival fractions (SF) in comparison to treatment without DMSO. Protection factors (PF) were calculated using the fitted survival curves. These factors are 1.23 ± 0.04, 1.20 ± 0.19, and 1.34 ± 0.05 for 223Ra, 188Re, and 99mTc, respectively. Conclusions For 223Ra, as well as for 188Re and 99mTc, dose-dependent radiation effects were found applicable for plasmid DNA and PC Cl3 cells. The radioprotection by DMSO was in the same range for high- and low-LET emitter. Overall, the results indicate the contribution of mainly indirect radiation effects for each of the radionuclides regarding DNA damage and cell survival. In summary, our findings may contribute to fundamental knowledge about the α-particle induced DNA damage. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13550-016-0203-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roswitha Runge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Liane Oehme
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Freudenberg
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307, Dresden, Germany
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Maucksch U, Runge R, Wunderlich G, Freudenberg R, Naumann A, Kotzerke J. Comparison of the radiotoxicity of the 99mTc-labeled compounds 99mTc-pertechnetate, 99mTc-HMPAO and 99mTc-MIBI. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:698-706. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1168533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ute Maucksch
- University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Roswitha Runge
- University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerd Wunderlich
- University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Freudenberg
- University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Naumann
- University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jörg Kotzerke
- University Hospital/Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dresden, Germany
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Dahmen V, Pomplun E, Kriehuber R. Iodine-125-labeled DNA-Triplex-forming oligonucleotides reveal increased cyto- and genotoxic effectiveness compared to Phosphorus-32. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:679-685. [PMID: 27022855 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1160157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The efficacy of DNA-targeting radionuclide therapies might be strongly enhanced by employing short range particle-emitters. However, the gain of effectiveness is not yet well substantiated. We compared the Auger electron emitter I-125 to the ß--emitter P-32 in terms of biological effectiveness per decay and radiation dose when located in the close proximity to DNA using DNA Triplex-forming oligonucleotides (TFO). The clonogenicity and the induction of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) were investigated in SCL-II cells after exposure to P-32- or I-125-labeled TFO targeting the glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) gene and after external homogeneous exposure to gamma-rays as reference radiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS TFO were labeled with P-32 or I-125 using the primer extension method. Cell survival was analyzed by colony-forming assay and DNA damage was assessed by microscopic quantification of protein 53 binding protein 1 (53BP1) foci in SCL-II cells. RESULTS I-125-TFO induced a pronounced decrease of cell survival (D37 at ∼360 accumulated decays per cell, equivalent to 1.22 Gy cell nucleus dose) and a significant increase of 53BP1 foci with increasing decays. The P-32-labeled TFO induced neither a strong decrease of cell survival nor an increase of 53BP1 foci up to ∼4000 accumulated decays per cell, equivalent to ∼1 Gy cell nucleus dose. The RBE for I-125-TFO was in the range of 3-4 for both biological endpoints. CONCLUSIONS I-125-TFO proved to be much more radiotoxic than P-32-TFO per decay and per unit dose although targeting the same sequence in the GAPDH gene. This might be well explained by the high number of low energy Auger electrons emitted by I-125 per decay, leading to a high ionization density in the immediate vicinity of the decay site, probably producing highly complex DNA lesions overcharging DNA repair mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volker Dahmen
- a Radiation Biology Unit, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany
| | - Ekkehard Pomplun
- a Radiation Biology Unit, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany
| | - Ralf Kriehuber
- a Radiation Biology Unit, Department of Safety and Radiation Protection , Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH , Jülich , Germany
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Violet JA, Farrugia G, Skene C, White J, Lobachevsky P, Martin R. Triple targeting of Auger emitters using octreotate conjugated to a DNA-binding ligand and a nuclear localizing signal. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:707-715. [DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2016.1157278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- John A. Violet
- Division of Radiation Oncology and Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabriella Farrugia
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Colin Skene
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jonathan White
- School of Chemistry and Bio21 Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pavel Lobachevsky
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Roger Martin
- Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Martin RF, Feinendegen LE. The quest to exploit the Auger effect in cancer radiotherapy - a reflective review. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:617-632. [PMID: 26926313 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1136854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To identify the emergence of the recognition of the potential of the Auger effect for clinical application, and after tracing the salient milestones towards that goal, to evaluate the status quo and future prospects. It was not until 40 years after the discovery of Auger electrons, that the availability of radioactive DNA precursors enabled the biological power, and the clinical potential, of the Auger effect to be appreciated. Important milestones on the path to clinical translation have been identified and reached, but hurdles remain. Nevertheless the potential is still evident, and there is reasonable optimism that the goal of clinical translation is achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger F Martin
- a Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre.,b The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne.,c School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - Ludwig E Feinendegen
- d Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf , Germany.,e Brookhaven National Laboratory , Upton , NY , USA
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Lobachevsky P, Clark GR, Pytel PD, Leung B, Skene C, Andrau L, White JM, Karagiannis T, Cullinane C, Lee BQ, Stuchbery A, Kibedi T, Hicks RJ, Martin RF. Strand breakage by decay of DNA-bound 124I provides a basis for combined PET imaging and Auger endoradiotherapy. Int J Radiat Biol 2016; 92:686-697. [PMID: 26902391 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1136852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose DNA ligands labelled with 125I induce cytotoxic DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), suggesting a potential for Auger endoradiotherapy. Since the 60-day half-life of 125I is suboptimal for therapy, we have investigated another Auger-emitter 124I, with shorter half-life (4.18 days), and the additional feature of positron-emission, enabling positron emission tomography (PET) imaging. The purpose of this study was to compare the two radionuclides on the basis of DNA DSB per decay. Materials and methods Using a 124I- (or 125I)-labelled minor groove binding DNA ligand, we investigated DNA breakage using the plasmid DNA assay. Biodistribution of the conjugate of the labelled ligand with transferrin was investigated in nude mice bearing a K562 human lymphoma xenograft. Results The probability of DSB per decay was 0.58 and 0.85 for 124I and 125I, respectively, confirming the therapeutic potential of the former. The crystal structure of the ligand DNA complex shows the iodine atom deep within the minor groove, consistent with the high efficiency of induced damage. Biodistribution studies, including PET imaging, showed distinctive results for the conjugate, compared to the free ligand and transferrin, consistent with receptor-mediated delivery of the ligand. Conclusions Conjugation of 124I-labelled DNA ligands to tumor targeting peptides provides a feasible strategy for Auger endoradiotherapy, with the advantage of monitoring tumor targeting by PET imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Lobachevsky
- a Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne.,b The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia
| | - George R Clark
- c School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Patrycja D Pytel
- c School of Chemical Sciences , The University of Auckland , New Zealand
| | - Brenda Leung
- d School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Australia
| | - Colin Skene
- d School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Australia
| | - Laura Andrau
- d School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Australia
| | - Jonathan M White
- d School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Australia
| | - Tom Karagiannis
- a Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne
| | - Carleen Cullinane
- b The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,e Cancer Research Division , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne
| | - Boon Q Lee
- f Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra
| | - Andrew Stuchbery
- f Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra
| | - Tibor Kibedi
- f Department of Nuclear Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering , Australian National University , Canberra
| | - Rodney J Hicks
- b The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,g Centre for Molecular Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne , VIC , Australia
| | - Roger F Martin
- a Molecular Radiation Biology Laboratory , Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre , Melbourne.,b The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology , The University of Melbourne , Melbourne , Australia.,d School of Chemistry and Bio-21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute , University of Melbourne , Australia
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Pronschinske A, Pedevilla P, Coughlin B, Murphy CJ, Lucci FR, Payne MA, Gellman AJ, Michaelides A, Sykes ECH. Atomic-Scale Picture of the Composition, Decay, and Oxidation of Two-Dimensional Radioactive Films. ACS NANO 2016; 10:2152-2158. [PMID: 26735687 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b06640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional radioactive (125)I monolayers are a recent development that combines the fields of radiochemistry and nanoscience. These Au-supported monolayers show great promise for understanding the local interaction of radiation with 2D molecular layers, offer different directions for surface patterning, and enhance the emission of chemically and biologically relevant low-energy electrons. However, the elemental composition of these monolayers is in constant flux due to the nuclear transmutation of (125)I to (125)Te, and their precise composition and stability under ambient conditions has yet to be elucidated. Unlike I, which is stable and unreactive when bound to Au, the newly formed Te atoms would be expected to be more reactive. We have used electron emission and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to quantify the emitted electron energies and to track the film composition in vacuum and the effect of exposure to ambient conditions. Our results reveal that the Auger electrons emitted during the ultrafast radioactive decay process have a kinetic energy corresponding to neutral Te. By combining XPS and scanning tunneling microscopy experiments with density functional theory, we are able to identify the reaction of newly formed Te to TeO2 and its subsequent dimerization. The fact that the Te2O4 units stay intact during major lateral rearrangement of the monolayer illustrates their stability. These results provide an atomic-scale picture of the composition and mobility of surface species in a radioactive monolayer as well as an understanding of the stability of the films under ambient conditions, which is a critical aspect in their future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pronschinske
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Philipp Pedevilla
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - Benjamin Coughlin
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Colin J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Felicia R Lucci
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Matthew A Payne
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Andrew J Gellman
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Carnegie Mellon University , Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, United States
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University College London , London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
| | - E Charles H Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University , 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Imstepf S, Pierroz V, Raposinho P, Bauwens M, Felber M, Fox T, Shapiro AB, Freudenberg R, Fernandes C, Gama S, Gasser G, Motthagy F, Santos IR, Alberto R. Nuclear Targeting with an Auger Electron Emitter Potentiates the Action of a Widely Used Antineoplastic Drug. Bioconjug Chem 2015; 26:2397-407. [PMID: 26473388 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.5b00466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We present the combination of the clinically well-proven chemotherapeutic agent, Doxorubicin, and (99m)Tc, an Auger and internal conversion electron emitter, into a dual-action agent for therapy. Chemical conjugation of Doxorubicin to (99m)Tc afforded a construct which autonomously ferries a radioactive payload into the cell nucleus. At this site, damage is exerted by dose deposition from Auger radiation. The (99m)Tc-conjugate exhibited a dose-dependent inhibition of survival in a selected panel of cancer cells and an in vivo study in healthy mice evidenced a biodistribution which is comparable to that of the parent drug. The homologous Rhenium conjugate was found to effectively bind to DNA, inhibited human Topoisomerase II, and exhibited cytotoxicity in vitro. The collective in vitro and in vivo data demonstrate that the presented metallo-conjugates closely mimic native Doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Paula Raposinho
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Estrada Nacional 10 km 139.7, PT-2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Matthias Bauwens
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MUMC+ , P. Debeyelaan 25, NL-6229 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Adam B Shapiro
- Bioscience Department, Infection Innovative Medicines, AstraZeneca R&D Boston , Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Robert Freudenberg
- Universitätsklinikum Carl Gustav Carus Dresden , Fetscherstrasse 74, D-01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Célia Fernandes
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Estrada Nacional 10 km 139.7, PT-2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | - Sofia Gama
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Estrada Nacional 10 km 139.7, PT-2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
| | | | - Felix Motthagy
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, MUMC+ , P. Debeyelaan 25, NL-6229 Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Isabel R Santos
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa , Estrada Nacional 10 km 139.7, PT-2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Portugal
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Pronschinske A, Pedevilla P, Murphy CJ, Lewis EA, Lucci FR, Brown G, Pappas G, Michaelides A, Sykes ECH. Enhancement of low-energy electron emission in 2D radioactive films. NATURE MATERIALS 2015; 14:904-907. [PMID: 26076306 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
High-energy radiation has been used for decades; however, the role of low-energy electrons created during irradiation has only recently begun to be appreciated. Low-energy electrons are the most important component of radiation damage in biological environments because they have subcellular ranges, interact destructively with chemical bonds, and are the most abundant product of ionizing particles in tissue. However, methods for generating them locally without external stimulation do not exist. Here, we synthesize one-atom-thick films of the radioactive isotope (125)I on gold that are stable under ambient conditions. Scanning tunnelling microscopy, supported by electronic structure simulations, allows us to directly observe nuclear transmutation of individual (125)I atoms into (125)Te, and explain the surprising stability of the 2D film as it underwent radioactive decay. The metal interface geometry induces a 600% amplification of low-energy electron emission (<10 eV; ref. ) compared with atomic (125)I. This enhancement of biologically active low-energy electrons might offer a new direction for highly targeted nanoparticle therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pronschinske
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Philipp Pedevilla
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Colin J Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Emily A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Felicia R Lucci
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
| | - Garth Brown
- PerkinElmer, Inc., 331 Treble Cove Road North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA
| | - George Pappas
- PerkinElmer, Inc., 331 Treble Cove Road North Billerica, Massachusetts 01862, USA
| | - Angelos Michaelides
- Thomas Young Centre, London Centre for Nanotechnology and Department of Chemistry, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - E Charles H Sykes
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue Medford, Massachusetts 02155, USA
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Kiess AP, Minn I, Chen Y, Hobbs R, Sgouros G, Mease RC, Pullambhatla M, Shen CJ, Foss CA, Pomper MG. Auger Radiopharmaceutical Therapy Targeting Prostate-Specific Membrane Antigen. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1401-1407. [PMID: 26182968 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.155929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Auger electron emitters such as (125)I have a high linear energy transfer and short range of emission (<10 μm), making them suitable for treating micrometastases while sparing normal tissues. We used a highly specific small molecule targeting the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) to deliver (125)I to prostate cancer cells. METHODS The PSMA-targeting Auger emitter 2-[3-[1-carboxy-5-(4-(125)I-iodo-benzoylamino)-pentyl]-ureido]-pentanedioic acid ((125)I-DCIBzL) was synthesized. DNA damage (via phosphorylated H2A histone family member X staining) and clonogenic survival were tested in PSMA-positive (PSMA+) PC3 PIP and PSMA-negative (PSMA-) PC3 flu human prostate cancer cells after treatment with (125)I-DCIBzL. Subcellular drug distribution was assessed with confocal microscopy using a related fluorescent PSMA-targeting compound YC-36. In vivo antitumor efficacy was tested in nude mice bearing PSMA+ PC3 PIP or PSMA- PC3 flu flank xenografts. Animals were administered (intravenously) 111 MBq (3 mCi) of (125)I-DCIBzL, 111 MBq (3 mCi) of (125)I-NaI, an equivalent amount of nonradiolabeled DCIBzL, or saline. RESULTS After treatment with (125)I-DCIBzL, PSMA+ PC3 PIP cells exhibited increased DNA damage and decreased clonogenic survival when compared with PSMA- PC3 flu cells. Confocal microscopy of YC-36 showed drug distribution in the perinuclear area and plasma membrane. Animals bearing PSMA+ PC3 PIP tumors had significant tumor growth delay after treatment with (125)I-DCIBzL, with only 1 mouse reaching 5 times the initial tumor volume by 60 d after treatment, compared with a median time to 5 times volume of less than 15 d for PSMA- PC3 flu tumors and all other treatment groups (P = 0.002 by log-rank test). CONCLUSION PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceutical therapy with the Auger emitter (125)I-DCIBzL yielded highly specific antitumor efficacy in vivo, suggesting promise for treatment of prostate cancer micrometastases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana P Kiess
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Il Minn
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ying Chen
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert Hobbs
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George Sgouros
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mrudula Pullambhatla
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Colette J Shen
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Catherine A Foss
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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Chung WJ, Cui Y, Huang FYJ, Tu TH, Yang TS, Lo JM, Chiang CS, Hsu IC. ⁹⁹mTc pyrene derivative complex causes double-strand breaks in dsDNA mainly through cluster-mediated indirect effect in aqueous solution. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108162. [PMID: 25244160 PMCID: PMC4171534 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 08/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy for cancer patients works by ionizing damage to nuclear DNA, primarily by creating double-strand breaks (DSB). A major shortcoming of traditional radiation therapy is the set of side effect associated with its long-range interaction with nearby tissues. Low-energy Auger electrons have the advantage of an extremely short effective range, minimizing damage to healthy tissue. Consequently, the isotope 99mTc, an Auger electron source, is currently being studied for its beneficial potential in cancer treatment. We examined the dose effect of a pyrene derivative 99mTc complex on plasmid DNA by using gel electrophoresis in both aqueous and methanol solutions. In aqueous solutions, the average yield per decay for double-strand breaks is 0.011±0.005 at low dose range, decreasing to 0.0005±0.0003 in the presence of 1 M dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The apparent yield per decay for single-strand breaks (SSB) is 0.04±0.02, decreasing to approximately a fifth with 1 M DMSO. In methanol, the average yield per decay of DSB is 0.54±0.06 and drops to undetectable levels in 2 M DMSO. The SSB yield per decay is 7.2±0.2, changing to 0.4±0.2 in the presence of 2 M DMSO. The 95% decrease in the yield of DSB in DMSO indicates that the main mechanism for DSB formation is through indirect effect, possibly by cooperative binding or clustering of intercalators. In the presence of non-radioactive ligands at a near saturation concentration, where radioactive Tc compounds do not form large clusters, the yield of SSB stays the same while the yield of DSB decreases to the value in DMSO. DSBs generated by 99mTc conjugated to intercalators are primarily caused by indirect effects through clustering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ju Chung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Yujia Cui
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YC); (ICH)
| | - Feng-Yun J. Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Hui Tu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Sen Yang
- School of Dental Technology, College of Oral Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jem-Mau Lo
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Shiun Chiang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ian C. Hsu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- * E-mail: (YC); (ICH)
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99mTc-labeled HYNIC-DAPI causes plasmid DNA damage with high efficiency. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104653. [PMID: 25098953 PMCID: PMC4123991 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
99mTc is the standard radionuclide used for nuclear medicine imaging. In addition to gamma irradiation, 99mTc emits low-energy Auger and conversion electrons that deposit their energy within nanometers of the decay site. To study the potential for DNA damage, direct DNA binding is required. Plasmid DNA enables the investigation of the unprotected interactions between molecules and DNA that result in single-strand breaks (SSBs) or double-strand breaks (DSBs); the resulting DNA fragments can be separated by gel electrophoresis and quantified by fluorescent staining. This study aimed to compare the plasmid DNA damage potential of a 99mTc-labeled HYNIC-DAPI compound with that of 99mTc pertechnetate (99mTcO4−). pUC19 plasmid DNA was irradiated for 2 or 24 hours. Direct and radical-induced DNA damage were evaluated in the presence or absence of the radical scavenger DMSO. For both compounds, an increase in applied activity enhanced plasmid DNA damage, which was evidenced by an increase in the open circular and linear DNA fractions and a reduction in the supercoiled DNA fraction. The number of SSBs elicited by 99mTc-HYNIC-DAPI (1.03) was twice that caused by 99mTcO4− (0.51), and the number of DSBs increased fivefold in the 99mTc-HYNIC-DAPI-treated sample compared with the 99mTcO4− treated sample (0.02 to 0.10). In the presence of DMSO, the numbers of SSBs and DSBs decreased to 0.03 and 0.00, respectively, in the 99mTcO4– treated samples, whereas the numbers of SSBs and DSBs were slightly reduced to 0.95 and 0.06, respectively, in the 99mTc-HYNIC-DAPI-treated samples. These results indicated that 99mTc-HYNIC-DAPI induced SSBs and DSBs via a direct interaction of the 99mTc-labeled compound with DNA. In contrast to these results, 99mTcO4− induced SSBs via radical formation, and DSBs were formed by two nearby SSBs. The biological effectiveness of 99mTc-HYNIC-DAPI increased by approximately 4-fold in terms of inducing SSBs and by approximately 10-fold in terms of inducing DSBs.
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Rezaee M, Hunting DJ, Sanche L. Correlation between energy deposition and molecular damage from Auger electrons: A case study of ultra-low energy (5-18 eV) electron interactions with DNA. Med Phys 2014; 41:072502. [PMID: 24989405 PMCID: PMC4623756 DOI: 10.1118/1.4881329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The present study introduces a new method to establish a direct correlation between biologically related physical parameters (i.e., stopping and damaging cross sections, respectively) for an Auger-electron emitting radionuclide decaying within a target molecule (e.g., DNA), so as to evaluate the efficacy of the radionuclide at the molecular level. These parameters can be applied to the dosimetry of Auger electrons and the quantification of their biological effects, which are the main criteria to assess the therapeutic efficacy of Auger-electron emitting radionuclides. METHODS Absorbed dose and stopping cross section for the Auger electrons of 5-18 eV emitted by(125)I within DNA were determined by developing a nanodosimetric model. The molecular damages induced by these Auger electrons were investigated by measuring damaging cross section, including that for the formation of DNA single- and double-strand breaks. Nanoscale films of pure plasmid DNA were prepared via the freeze-drying technique and subsequently irradiated with low-energy electrons at various fluences. The damaging cross sections were determined by employing a molecular survival model to the measured exposure-response curves for induction of DNA strand breaks. RESULTS For a single decay of(125)I within DNA, the Auger electrons of 5-18 eV deposit the energies of 12.1 and 9.1 eV within a 4.2-nm(3) volume of a hydrated or dry DNA, which results in the absorbed doses of 270 and 210 kGy, respectively. DNA bases have a major contribution to the deposited energies. Ten-electronvolt and high linear energy transfer 100-eV electrons have a similar cross section for the formation of DNA double-strand break, while 100-eV electrons are twice as efficient as 10 eV in the induction of single-strand break. CONCLUSIONS Ultra-low-energy electrons (<18 eV) substantially contribute to the absorbed dose and to the molecular damage from Auger-electron emitting radionuclides; hence, they should be considered in the dosimetry calculation of such radionuclides. Moreover, absorbed dose is not an appropriate physical parameter for nanodosimetry. Instead, stopping cross section, which describes the probability of energy deposition in a target molecule can be an appropriate nanodosimetric parameter. The stopping cross section is correlated with a damaging cross section (e.g., cross section for the double-strand break formation) to quantify the number of each specific lesion in a target molecule for each nuclear decay of a single Auger-electron emitting radionuclide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rezaee
- Groupe en Sciences des Radiations, Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Darel J. Hunting
- Groupe en Sciences des Radiations, Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Léon Sanche
- Groupe en Sciences des Radiations, Département de Médecine Nucléaire et Radiobiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec J1H 5N4, Canada
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Madsen JR, Akabani G. Low-energy cross-section calculations of single molecules by electron impact: a classical Monte Carlo transport approach with quantum mechanical description. Phys Med Biol 2014; 59:2285-305. [PMID: 24731979 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/59/9/2285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The present state of modeling radio-induced effects at the cellular level does not account for the microscopic inhomogeneity of the nucleus from the non-aqueous contents (i.e. proteins, DNA) by approximating the entire cellular nucleus as a homogenous medium of water. Charged particle track-structure calculations utilizing this approximation are therefore neglecting to account for approximately 30% of the molecular variation within the nucleus. To truly understand what happens when biological matter is irradiated, charged particle track-structure calculations need detailed knowledge of the secondary electron cascade, resulting from interactions with not only the primary biological component-water--but also the non-aqueous contents, down to very low energies. This paper presents our work on a generic approach for calculating low-energy interaction cross-sections between incident charged particles and individual molecules. The purpose of our work is to develop a self-consistent computational method for predicting molecule-specific interaction cross-sections, such as the component molecules of DNA and proteins (i.e. nucleotides and amino acids), in the very low-energy regime. These results would then be applied in a track-structure code and thereby reduce the homogenous water approximation. The present methodology-inspired by seeking a combination of the accuracy of quantum mechanics and the scalability, robustness, and flexibility of Monte Carlo methods-begins with the calculation of a solution to the many-body Schrödinger equation and proceeds to use Monte Carlo methods to calculate the perturbations in the internal electron field to determine the interaction processes, such as ionization and excitation. As a test of our model, the approach is applied to a water molecule in the same method as it would be applied to a nucleotide or amino acid and compared with the low-energy cross-sections from the GEANT4-DNA physics package of the Geant4 simulation toolkit for the energy ranges of 7 eV to 1 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Madsen
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Texas A&M University, 337 Zachry Engineering Center, 3133 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843-3133, USA
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Cornelissen B. Imaging the inside of a tumour: a review of radionuclide imaging and theranostics targeting intracellular epitopes. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2014; 57:310-6. [PMID: 24395330 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Molecular imaging of tumour tissue focusses mainly on extracellular epitopes such as tumour angiogenesis or signal transduction receptors expressed on the cell membrane. However, most biological processes that define tumour phenotype occur within the cell. In this mini-review, an overview is given of the various techniques to interrogate intracellular events using molecular imaging with radiolabelled compounds. Additionally, similar targeting techniques can be employed for radionuclide therapy using Auger electron emitters, and recent advances in Auger electron therapy are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart Cornelissen
- MRC/CRUK Gray Institute for Radiation Oncology and Biology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, UK
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