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Tulkens D, Boelens M, Naert T, Carron M, Demuynck S, Dewaele S, Van Isterdael G, Creytens D, Pieters T, Goossens S, Van Vlierberghe P, Vleminckx K. Mutations in the histone methyltransferase Ezh2 drive context-dependent leukemia in Xenopus tropicalis. Leukemia 2023; 37:2404-2413. [PMID: 37794102 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02052-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023]
Abstract
CRISPR-mediated simultaneous targeting of candidate tumor suppressor genes in Xenopus tropicalis allows fast functional assessment of co-driver genes for various solid tumors. Genotyping of tumors that emerge in the mosaic mutant animals rapidly exposes the gene mutations under positive selection for tumor establishment. However, applying this simple approach to the blood lineage has not been attempted. Multiple hematologic malignancies have mutations in EZH2, encoding the catalytic subunit of the Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Interestingly, EZH2 can act as an oncogene or a tumor suppressor, depending on cellular context and disease stage. We show here that mosaic CRISPR/Cas9 mediated ezh2 disruption in the blood lineage resulted in early and penetrant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) induction. While animals were co-targeted with an sgRNA that induces notch1 gain-of-function mutations, sequencing of leukemias revealed positive selection towards biallelic ezh2 mutations regardless of notch1 mutational status. Co-targeting dnm2, recurrently mutated in T/ETP-ALL, induced a switch from myeloid towards acute T-cell leukemia. Both myeloid and T-cell leukemias engrafted in immunocompromised hosts. These data underline the potential of Xenopus tropicalis for modeling human leukemia, where mosaic gene disruption, combined with deep amplicon sequencing of the targeted genomic regions, can rapidly and efficiently expose co-operating driver gene mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieter Tulkens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marthe Boelens
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Thomas Naert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marjolein Carron
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Suzan Demuynck
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sylviane Dewaele
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Gert Van Isterdael
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- VIB Flow Core, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
| | - David Creytens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Pathology, Ghent University and Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Tim Pieters
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven Goossens
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pieter Van Vlierberghe
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Medical Genetics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kris Vleminckx
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
- Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium.
- Department of Biomolecular Medicine, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium.
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Venvertloh E, Karp D, Ghantarchyan HH, Raoufi K. A Rare Case: Acute Liver Injury Uncovering a Diagnosis of B-cell Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Young Adult. Cureus 2023; 15:e35274. [PMID: 36968926 PMCID: PMC10036135 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.35274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute liver injury can be seen in a myriad of disease states such as chronic alcoholism, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. When considering acute liver injury in a young adult, the list of differential diagnoses is much more narrow. One rare cause can be acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a hematologic malignancy that can be seen in the young adult population. We present a rare case of an 18-year-old male with no prior medical history who presented with abdominal pain and nausea. A complete workup for acute liver injury aided us in uncovering a diagnosis of B-cell ALL. This case highlights the importance of a broad differential in acute liver injury and consideration of ALL as a cause of acute liver injury, especially in young adults.
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Bordbar M, Jam N, Karimi M, Shahriari M, Zareifar S, Zekavat OR, Haghpanah S, Mottaghipisheh H. The survival of childhood leukemia: An 8-year single-center experience. Cancer Rep (Hoboken) 2023; 6:e1784. [PMID: 36700480 PMCID: PMC10075287 DOI: 10.1002/cnr2.1784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The survival of childhood leukemia has improved. We aimed to report the survival rate and the associated factors in children with acute leukemia during an 8-year follow-up. AIMS This study investigates the 8-year survival rates of children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in Shiraz, the largest oncology center in Southern Iran. We also aimed to assess the independent factors associated with higher mortality in childhood leukemia. METHODS Children 0-18 years with acute leukemia were followed from 2013 to 2021 in Shiraz, Iran. The 8-year overall survival (OS) and event-free survival (EFS) rates were estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Independent factors associated with survival were assessed by the Cox regression hazard modeling. RESULTS We included 786 children, with 43.5% female, and a mean age of 6.32 ± 4.62 years. Patients with AML compared to ALL experienced more relapse (34.6% vs. 22.5%, p = .01) and death (31.7% vs. 11.3%, p < .001). The cumulative 8-year OS and EFS were 81% (95% confidence interval (CI), 74.3% to 86.1%) and 68.3% (95% CI, 63.5% to 72.7%) in ALL patients and 63.5% (95% CI, 52.1% to 72.9%) and 43% (95% CI, 33.1% to 52.6%) in AML patients. Multivariable analysis revealed that hepatomegaly (hazard ratio = 4, 95% CI, 1.0 to 22.3, p = .05) was the main independent risk factor of death in ALL patients. No definite risk factor was defined for AML patients. CONCLUSION The survival of childhood leukemia has recently increased dramatically in low-middle income countries. Hepatomegaly was introduced as a potential risk factor for lower survival in ALL patients. Further multicenter studies are needed to confirm the validity of this association.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazila Jam
- Pediatrics Department, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mehran Karimi
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shahriari
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soheila Zareifar
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Omid Reza Zekavat
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Sezaneh Haghpanah
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Hadi Mottaghipisheh
- Hematology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Williams AK, Gupta R, Patel KR, Marcogliese AN, Smith V, Dreyer ZE. Philadelphia chromosome-positive pre-B lymphoblastic leukemia presenting as acute hepatic failure in a pediatric patient. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 39:481-487. [PMID: 34927531 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2021.2015029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis K Williams
- School of Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rohit Gupta
- School of Medicine, and Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Kalyani R Patel
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Andrea N Marcogliese
- Department of Pathology & Immunology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Valeria Smith
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - ZoAnn E Dreyer
- Department of Pediatrics-Oncology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA.,Cancer and Hematology Center, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Acute hepatitis-like presentation with cholestasis of CBFB-MYH11-positive acute myeloid leukemia in an adult male: a case report. J Med Case Rep 2022; 16:294. [PMID: 35907896 PMCID: PMC9339180 DOI: 10.1186/s13256-022-03476-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver involvement in adults with acute myeloid leukemia is uncommon. Most of the case reports describe acute liver failure or obstructive jaundice, while acute hepatitis is rarely mentioned. We report a patient with acute myeloid leukemia who presented with clinical, biochemical, and radiological signs of acute hepatitis that totally regressed after chemotherapy. CASE PRESENTATION A 38-year-old Caucasian man presented with fever, cough, and mild fatigue. Laboratory workup showed anemia, thrombocytopenia, severe leukocytosis, transaminitis, and hyperbilirubinemia. Imaging of the abdomen (ultrasound and magnetic resonance) showed hepatomegaly, splenomegaly, upper limits portal veins diameters, increased thickness of the gallbladder wall, and significant abdominal lymph nodes. Peripheral blood smear and bone marrow evaluation were consistent with acute myeloid leukemia, and liver biopsy showed massive sinusoidal and portal infiltration by leukemic cells. After remission-inducing chemotherapy, there was complete normalization of liver function tests, and liver, spleen, and portal vein size. CONCLUSIONS This case highlights the importance of taking acute myeloid leukemia into account as a possible cause of liver damage to make a rapid diagnosis and start appropriate treatment that may lead to hematological remission and hepatic dysfunction resolution.
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Tunjungsari DA, Gunawan PI, Ugrasena IDG. RISK FACTORS OF VINCRISTINE-INDUCED PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY IN ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKAEMIA CHILDREN. THE JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INVESTIGATION 2021; 68:232-237. [PMID: 34759136 DOI: 10.2152/jmi.68.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Objective : This study analysed Vincristine-induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN) risk factors in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia (ALL) children. Method : This cross-sectional study design was performed at Dr. Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia, from August to October 2019. It included ALL children, aged 4-18 years, undergoing the 2013 or 2018 ALL Indonesian Protocol of Chemotherapy, with a cumulative vincristine dose ≥ 12 mg / m2. VIPN diagnosis is based on complaints, the Total Neuropathy Score Pediatric Vincristine (TNS-PV), and nerve conduction studies (NCS). The examined risk factors were sex, age, ALL classification, nutritional status, impaired liver function, and cumulative vincristine dose. Results : There were 52 ALL children : median age 7 years, 59.6% boys, 59.6% ALL standard risk, 44.2% experienced impaired liver function at initial ALL diagnosis. Based on a single parameter for diagnosis, 26.9% had VIPN based on complaints, 76.9% had it based on the TNS-PV, and 100% had it based on NCS. VIPN was diagnosed in 25% of children, with predominantly motor impairment and located in lower extremities. Impaired liver function is a risk factor for VIPN in ALL children (p = 0.046, prevalence ratio (PR) 2.84). Conclusion : Impaired liver function is a significant risk factor for VIPN in ALL children. J. Med. Invest. 68 : 232-237, August, 2021.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinda Anes Tunjungsari
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga / Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya - Indonesia
| | - Prastiya Indra Gunawan
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga / Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya - Indonesia
| | - I Dewa Gede Ugrasena
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga / Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya - Indonesia
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Singh SP, Barik RK. NonInvasive Biomarkers in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Are We There Yet? J Clin Exp Hepatol 2020; 10:88-98. [PMID: 32025168 PMCID: PMC6995889 DOI: 10.1016/j.jceh.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. NAFLD encompasses a spectrum of disease ranging from simple steatosis (NAFL) to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. However, despite the growing recognition of this important disease burden, there are significant challenges to accurately and noninvasively diagnose the various forms of NAFLD, especially to differentiate benign steatosis from the progressive NASH. This is of utmost importance because although liver biopsy is considered the current imperfect 'gold' standard for diagnosing NASH and staging fibrosis, it is an invasive procedure with significant limitations. Although, a number of noninvasive markers have been or are currently undergoing investigation, until date, no highly sensitive and specific tests are available to differentiate NASH from simple steatosis. At the moment, further investigations are needed before prediction models or blood-based biomarkers become available and acceptable for routine clinical care. There is a great need for developing inexpensive, easily accessible, highly sensitive and specific biomarkers that permit not only the identification of patients at high risk of adverse outcomes, but also the monitoring of disease progression and response after therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivaram P. Singh
- Address for correspondence: Shivaram Prasad Singh, Professor, Dept. of Gastroenterology, S.C.B. Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha, 753007, India.
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Heincelman M, Karakala N, Rockey DC. Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in a Young Adult Presenting as Hepatitis and Acute Kidney Injury. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep 2016; 4:2324709616665866. [PMID: 27722178 PMCID: PMC5036134 DOI: 10.1177/2324709616665866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in adults is a relatively rare malignancy. The typical presentation includes signs and symptoms associated with bone marrow failure, including fevers, infections, fatigue, and excessive bruising. In this article, we report an unusual systemic presentation of ALL in a previously healthy 18-year-old man. He initially presented with several-day history of nausea and vomiting, 10-pound weight loss, and right upper quadrant abdominal pain with evidence of acute hepatocellular liver injury (elevations in aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase) and elevation in serum creatinine. Further history revealed that he just joined the Marine Corp; in preparation, he had been lifting weights and taking protein and creatine supplements. A complete serological evaluation for liver disease was negative and creatine phosphokinase was normal. His aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase declined, and he was discharged with expected improvement. However, he returned one week later with continued symptoms and greater elevation of aminotransferases. Liver biopsy was nondiagnostic, revealing scattered portal and lobular inflammatory cells (primarily lymphocytes) felt to be consistent with drug-induced liver injury or viral hepatitis. Given his elevated creatinine, unresponsive to aggressive volume expansion, a kidney biopsy was performed, revealing normal histology. He subsequently developed an extensive left lower extremity deep venous thrombosis. Given his deep venous thrombosis, his peripheral blood was sent for flow cytometry, which revealed lymphoblasts. Bone marrow biopsy revealed 78% blasts with markers consistent with acute B-cell lymphoblastic leukemia. This report emphasizes that right upper quadrant abdominal pain with liver test abnormalities may be the initial presentation of a systemic illness such as ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Don C Rockey
- Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
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Aragonès G, Auguet T, Berlanga A, Guiu-Jurado E, Martinez S, Armengol S, Sabench F, Ras R, Hernandez M, Aguilar C, Colom J, Sirvent JJ, Del Castillo D, Richart C. Increased Circulating Levels of Alpha-Ketoglutarate in Morbidly Obese Women with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0154601. [PMID: 27123846 PMCID: PMC4849715 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0154601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) causes a wide spectrum of liver damage, ranging from simple steatosis to cirrhosis. However, simple steatosis (SS) and steatohepatitis (NASH) cannot yet be distinguished by clinical or laboratory features. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between alpha-ketoglutarate and the degrees of NAFLD in morbidly obese patients. Materials and Methods We used a gas chromatography-quadruple time-of-flight-mass spectrometry analysis to quantify alpha-ketoglutarate in serum from normal-weight subjects (n = 30) and morbidly obese women (n = 97) with or without NAFLD. Results We found that serum levels of alpha-ketoglutarate were significantly higher in morbidly obese women than in normal-weight women. We showed that circulating levels of alpha-ketoglutarate were lower in lean controls and morbidly obese patients without NAFLD. We also found that alpha-ketoglutarate serum levels were higher in both SS and NASH than in normal liver of morbidly obese patients. However, there was no difference between SS and NASH. Moreover, we observed that circulating levels of alpha-ketoglutarate were associated with glucose metabolism parameters, lipid profile, hepatic enzymes and steatosis degree. In addition, diagnostic performance of alpha-ketoglutarate has been analyzed in NAFLD patients. The AUROC curves from patients with liver steatosis exhibited an acceptable clinical utility. Finally, we showed that the combination of biomarkers (AST, ALT and alpha-ketoglutarate) had the highest accuracy in diagnosing liver steatosis. Conclusion These findings suggest that alpha-ketoglutarate can determine the presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver in morbidly obese patients but it is not valid a biomarker for NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Aragonès
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Teresa Auguet
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Alba Berlanga
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Esther Guiu-Jurado
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salomé Martinez
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Sandra Armengol
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Fàtima Sabench
- Servei de Cirurgia. Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Rosa Ras
- Group of Research on Omic Methodologies (GROM). Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Reus, Spain
| | - Mercè Hernandez
- Servei de Cirurgia. Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Carmen Aguilar
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Josep Colom
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Sirvent
- Servei Anatomia Patològica, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Daniel Del Castillo
- Servei de Cirurgia. Hospital Sant Joan de Reus. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), IISPV, Avinguda Doctor Josep Laporte, 2, 43204, Reus, Spain
| | - Cristóbal Richart
- Grup de Recerca GEMMAIR (AGAUR)- Medicina Aplicada. Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia. Universitat Rovira i Virgili (URV), Institut d’Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Servei Medicina Interna, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII Tarragona. Mallafré Guasch, 4, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
A diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic or myeloblastic leukemia was made in 6 children ages 4 to 14 years who presented with a clinicobiochemical picture of acute hepatitis without liver failure. Standard chemotherapy, including 1 week pretreatment with steroids in children with lymphoblastic leukemia, allowed complete remission of the leukemia and normalization of serum liver tests.
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Reddi DM, Barbas AS, Castleberry AW, Rege AS, Vikraman DS, Brennan TV, Ravindra KV, Collins BH, Sudan DL, Lagoo AS, Martin AE. Liver transplantation in an adolescent with acute liver failure from acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Transplant 2014; 18:E57-63. [PMID: 24438382 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The most common identifiable causes of acute liver failure in pediatric patients are infection, drug toxicity, metabolic disease, and autoimmune processes. In many cases, the etiology of acute liver failure cannot be determined. Acute leukemia is an extremely rare cause of acute liver failure, and liver transplantation has traditionally been contraindicated in this setting. We report a case of acute liver failure in a previously healthy 15-yr-old male from pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He underwent liver transplantation before the diagnosis was established, and has subsequently received chemotherapy for pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. He is currently alive 31 months post-transplantation. The published literature describing acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a cause of acute liver failure is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Reddi
- Department of Pathology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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Segal I, Rassekh SR, Bond MC, Senger C, Schreiber RA. Abnormal liver transaminases and conjugated hyperbilirubinemia at presentation of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2010; 55:434-9. [PMID: 20658613 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy in childhood. While hepatitis is a well-known complication during the treatment phase of ALL, the association of abnormal liver biochemistries at initial presentation of leukemia is poorly described. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence and assess the clinical impact of hepatitis at diagnosis in children with ALL. PROCEDURE All children diagnosed with ALL at BC Children's Hospital between 2001 and 2006 were included. Charts were reviewed and data recorded to a computerized spreadsheet. Descriptive statistical analyses were performed. RESULTS One hundred forty-seven ALL patients were identified. Over one third of patients had abnormal liver transaminase values (AST and/or ALT). Of the patients with abnormal transaminases, (52%) had ALT elevations twice the upper limit of normal. Risk factors for elevated transaminases included a high WBC count at diagnosis, older age, bulky disease, and T-cell leukemia. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia was observed in 3.4% of subjects. Of these cases, 60% received steroids prior to induction chemotherapy and all had rapid resolution of their hyperbilirubinemia to normal levels. CONCLUSIONS Elevated transaminases are common at initial presentation of ALL and are likely due to hepatic injury from leukemic infiltrates. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia at presentation may require treatment modification and dose reduction. A short course of steroids prior to initiation of induction chemotherapy appears to result in rapid resolution of the hyperbilirubinemia with subsequent ability to provide full dosing of induction chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Idit Segal
- Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Department of Pediatrics, British Columbia's Children's Hospital, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Roushan N, Shahi F, Mirzazadeh A, Dormohammadi T, Motabar A. Acute leukemia presenting with ascites and confusion. Leuk Lymphoma 2007; 48:1234-6. [PMID: 17577793 DOI: 10.1080/10428190701258362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Litten JB, Rodríguez MM, Maniaci V. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting in fulminant hepatic failure. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2006; 47:842-5. [PMID: 16106432 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.20544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A previously healthy 4-year-old boy was admitted because of acute liver failure. He was icteric, lethargic, had elevated ammonia and abnormal liver function tests. Serology was negative for viral hepatitis. There was no history of hepatotoxic drugs. Family history was unremarkable. The child was taken to the operating room for a living-related hepatic transplant. Frozen section showed massive hepatic leukemic infiltration and hepatocellular necrosis. Bone marrow aspiration confirmed the diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Transplant was withheld and chemotherapy was attempted. He died the following day due to systemic leukemic infiltration, cerebral edema, and severe anoxic ischemic encephalopathy.
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McElreath DP, Angtuaco TL, Staggs B, Malik AH. T cell prolymphocytic leukemia: a rare cause of acute liver failure. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:819-21. [PMID: 16615010 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-3213-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2004] [Accepted: 12/02/2004] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David P McElreath
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas 72205-7199, USA
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16
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Bhat YM, Krasinskas A, Craig FE, Shaw-Stiffel TA. Acute liver failure as an initial manifestation of an infiltrative hematolymphoid malignancy. Dig Dis Sci 2006; 51:63-7. [PMID: 16416213 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-006-3085-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2004] [Accepted: 05/11/2005] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasser M Bhat
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA.
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17
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Comeau TB, Phillips DL. Chemotherapy dosing with elevated liver function test results in acute leukemia. Ann Pharmacother 2005; 39:1752-4. [PMID: 16131538 DOI: 10.1345/aph.1g223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report a case of massive blast infiltration of the liver by acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) manifested by worsening liver function test (LFT) results and concern over how to dose chemotherapy in this patient. CASE SUMMARY A 36-year-old male presenting with productive cough, abdominal pain, and lower back pain was diagnosed with pre-B cell ALL. Of note, the patient developed worsening LFT results within the first few days of diagnosis. Because of concern over increasing liver dysfunction and the need to administer vincristine and daunorubicin with induction therapy, a transvenous liver biopsy was performed, revealing massive lymphoblast infiltration. DISCUSSION A short course of prednisone was given to determine whether the LFT abnormalities would reverse with treatment. Once a downward trend in the abnormalities was noted, full-dose induction chemotherapy was administered. CONCLUSIONS It is important to discern the cause of elevated LFT values in patients with acute leukemia who require induction chemotherapy, as this may affect treatment decisions and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terrance B Comeau
- Bone Marrow and Stem Cell Transplantation Program, Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, The University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
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18
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Anderson SH, Richardson P, Wendon J, Pagliuca A, Portmann B. Acute liver failure as the initial manifestation of acute leukaemia. LIVER 2001; 21:287-92. [PMID: 11454193 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0676.2001.021004287.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Haematological malignancies seldom cause clinically significant liver disease. Acute liver failure as the initial manifestation of acute leukaemia is very rare and carries a very poor prognosis. METHODS/RESULTS Three cases of acute liver failure secondary to acute leukaemia are described. Each case presented initially as acute liver failure of uncertain cause. Specific treatment for the leukaemia was instituted; however, all three patients died as a consequence of the liver failure. We describe the clinical course and relevant investigations of these patients and discuss possible mechanisms of acute liver failure in this setting. CONCLUSION Acute leukaemia presenting as acute liver failure has a very poor prognosis. Although a rare cause of acute liver failure, it should be considered in any patient presenting with acute liver failure with prodromal symptoms and a raised peripheral white cell count, lactate dehydrogenase and uric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Anderson
- Institute of Liver Studies and Department of Haematology, King's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK.
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