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Moritsch S, Mödl B, Scharf I, Janker L, Zwolanek D, Timelthaler G, Casanova E, Sibilia M, Mohr T, Kenner L, Herndler-Brandstetter D, Gerner C, Müller M, Strobl B, Eferl R. Tyk2 is a tumor suppressor in colorectal cancer. Oncoimmunology 2022; 11:2127271. [PMID: 36185806 PMCID: PMC9519006 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2022.2127271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Janus kinase Tyk2 is implicated in cancer immune surveillance, but its role in solid tumors is not well defined. We used Tyk2 knockout mice (Tyk2Δ/Δ) and mice with conditional deletion of Tyk2 in hematopoietic (Tyk2ΔHem) or intestinal epithelial cells (Tyk2ΔIEC) to assess their cell type-specific functions in chemically induced colorectal cancer. All Tyk2-deficient mouse models showed a higher tumor burden after AOM-DSS treatment compared to their corresponding wild-type controls (Tyk2+/+ and Tyk2fl/fl), demonstrating tumor-suppressive functions of Tyk2 in immune cells and epithelial cancer cells. However, specific deletion of Tyk2 in hematopoietic cells or in intestinal epithelial cells was insufficient to accelerate tumor progression, while deletion in both compartments promoted carcinoma formation. RNA-seq and proteomics revealed that tumors of Tyk2Δ/Δ and Tyk2ΔIEC mice were immunoedited in different ways with downregulated and upregulated IFNγ signatures, respectively. Accordingly, the IFNγ-regulated immune checkpoint Ido1 was downregulated in Tyk2Δ/Δ and upregulated in Tyk2ΔIEC tumors, although both showed reduced CD8+ T cell infiltration. These data suggest that Tyk2Δ/Δ tumors are Ido1-independent and poorly immunoedited while Tyk2ΔIEC tumors require Ido1 for immune evasion. Our study shows that Tyk2 prevents Ido1 expression in CRC cells and promotes CRC immune surveillance in the tumor stroma. Both of these Tyk2-dependent mechanisms must work together to prevent CRC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Moritsch
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bernadette Mödl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Irene Scharf
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Janker
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Joint Metabolomics Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniela Zwolanek
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gerald Timelthaler
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Emilio Casanova
- Department of Pharmacology, Center of Physiology and Pharmacology & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Sibilia
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Mohr
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Institute of Clinical Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Christopher Gerner
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Joint Metabolomics Facility, University and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Center for Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center, Vienna, Austria
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2
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Exploring the oncogenic and therapeutic target potential of the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Gene Ther 2022; 29:1140-1152. [PMID: 35022522 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-021-00421-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
TYK2-rearrangements have recently been identified in high-risk acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR-ALL) cases and are associated with poor outcome. Current understanding of the leukemogenic potential and therapeutic targetability of activating TYK2 alterations in the ALL setting is unclear, thus further investigations are warranted. Consequently, we developed in vitro, and for the first time, in vivo models of B-cell ALL from a patient harboring the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene. These models revealed JAK/STAT signaling activation and the oncogenic potential of the MYB-TYK2 fusion gene in isolation. High throughput screening identified the HDAC inhibitor, vorinostat and the HSP90 inhibitor, tanespimycin plus the JAK inhibitor, cerdulatinib as the most effective agents against cells expressing the MYB-TYK2 alteration. Evaluation of vorinostat and cerdulatinib in pre-clinical models of MYB-TYK2-rearranged ALL demonstrated that both drugs exhibited anti-leukemic effects and reduced the disease burden in treated mice. Importantly, these findings indicate that activating TYK2 alterations can function as driver oncogenes rather than passenger or secondary events in disease development. In addition, our data provide evidence for use of vorinostat and cerdulatinib in the treatment regimens of patients with this rare yet aggressive type of high-risk ALL that warrants further investigation in the clinical setting.
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3
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Janus Kinases in Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040800. [PMID: 33672930 PMCID: PMC7918039 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Janus kinases (JAKs) transduce signals from dozens of extracellular cytokines and function as critical regulators of cell growth, differentiation, gene expression, and immune responses. Deregulation of JAK/STAT signaling is a central component in several human diseases including various types of leukemia and other malignancies and autoimmune diseases. Different types of leukemia harbor genomic aberrations in all four JAKs (JAK1, JAK2, JAK3, and TYK2), most of which are activating somatic mutations and less frequently translocations resulting in constitutively active JAK fusion proteins. JAKs have become important therapeutic targets and currently, six JAK inhibitors have been approved by the FDA for the treatment of both autoimmune diseases and hematological malignancies. However, the efficacy of the current drugs is not optimal and the full potential of JAK modulators in leukemia is yet to be harnessed. This review discusses the deregulation of JAK-STAT signaling that underlie the pathogenesis of leukemia, i.e., mutations and other mechanisms causing hyperactive cytokine signaling, as well as JAK inhibitors used in clinic and under clinical development.
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4
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TYK2: An Upstream Kinase of STATs in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11111728. [PMID: 31694222 PMCID: PMC6896190 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11111728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 11/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review we concentrate on the recent findings describing the oncogenic potential of the protein tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2). The overview on the current understanding of TYK2 functions in cytokine responses and carcinogenesis focusses on the activation of the signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT) 3 and 5. Insight gained from loss-of-function (LOF) gene-modified mice and human patients homozygous for Tyk2/TYK2-mutated alleles established the central role in immunological and inflammatory responses. For the description of physiological TYK2 structure/function relationships in cytokine signaling and of overarching molecular and pathologic properties in carcinogenesis, we mainly refer to the most recent reviews. Dysregulated TYK2 activation, aberrant TYK2 protein levels, and gain-of-function (GOF) TYK2 mutations are found in various cancers. We discuss the molecular consequences thereof and briefly describe the molecular means to counteract TYK2 activity under (patho-)physiological conditions by cellular effectors and by pharmacological intervention. For the role of TYK2 in tumor immune-surveillance we refer to the recent Special Issue of Cancers “JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway in Cancer”.
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5
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Prutsch N, Gurnhofer E, Suske T, Liang HC, Schlederer M, Roos S, Wu LC, Simonitsch-Klupp I, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Kornauth C, Leone DA, Svinka J, Eferl R, Limberger T, Aufinger A, Shirsath N, Wolf P, Hielscher T, Sternberg C, Aberger F, Schmoellerl J, Stoiber D, Strobl B, Jäger U, Staber PB, Grebien F, Moriggl R, Müller M, Inghirami GG, Sanda T, Look AT, Turner SD, Kenner L, Merkel O. Dependency on the TYK2/STAT1/MCL1 axis in anaplastic large cell lymphoma. Leukemia 2019; 33:696-709. [PMID: 30131584 PMCID: PMC8076043 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0239-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
TYK2 is a member of the JAK family of tyrosine kinases that is involved in chromosomal translocation-induced fusion proteins found in anaplastic large cell lymphomas (ALCL) that lack rearrangements activating the anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK). Here we demonstrate that TYK2 is highly expressed in all cases of human ALCL, and that in a mouse model of NPM-ALK-induced lymphoma, genetic disruption of Tyk2 delays the onset of tumors and prolongs survival of the mice. Lymphomas in this model lacking Tyk2 have reduced STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation and reduced expression of Mcl1, a pro-survival member of the BCL2 family. These findings in mice are mirrored in human ALCL cell lines, in which TYK2 is activated by autocrine production of IL-10 and IL-22 and by interaction with specific receptors expressed by the cells. Activated TYK2 leads to STAT1 and STAT3 phosphorylation, activated expression of MCL1 and aberrant ALCL cell survival. Moreover, TYK2 inhibitors are able to induce apoptosis in ALCL cells, regardless of the presence or absence of an ALK-fusion. Thus, TYK2 is a dependency that is required for ALCL cell survival through activation of MCL1 expression. TYK2 represents an attractive drug target due to its essential enzymatic domain, and TYK2-specific inhibitors show promise as novel targeted inhibitors for ALCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Prutsch
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Elisabeth Gurnhofer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Suske
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Huan Chang Liang
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michaela Schlederer
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simone Roos
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lawren C Wu
- Department of Oncology, Amgen Discovery Research, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | | | | | - Christoph Kornauth
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dario A Leone
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jasmin Svinka
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Eferl
- Institute of Cancer Research, Medical University of Vienna & Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Vienna, Austria
| | - Tanja Limberger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Astrid Aufinger
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nitesh Shirsath
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Peter Wolf
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Hielscher
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christina Sternberg
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
- Department of Biochemistry, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Fritz Aberger
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cancer Cluster Salzburg, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Paris Lodron University, Salzburg, Austria
| | | | - Dagmar Stoiber
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Pharmacology, Center for Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrich Jäger
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Philipp B Staber
- Department of Medicine I, Clinical Division of Hematology and Hemostaseology and Comprehensive Cancer Center (CCC), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Florian Grebien
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
| | - Richard Moriggl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giorgio G Inghirami
- Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NYC, USA
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
| | - Takaomi Sanda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, 117599, Singapore, Singapore
| | - A Thomas Look
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, USA
| | - Suzanne D Turner
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria
- Division of Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lukas Kenner
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Unit of Laboratory Animal Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Cancer Research (LBI-CR), Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
- CBMed Core Lab2, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Olaf Merkel
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Department for Experimental and Laboratory Animal Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- European Research Initiative for ALK related malignancies (www.erialcl.net), Vienna, Austria.
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6
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Simonović N, Witalisz-Siepracka A, Meissl K, Lassnig C, Reichart U, Kolbe T, Farlik M, Bock C, Sexl V, Müller M, Strobl B. NK Cells Require Cell-Extrinsic and -Intrinsic TYK2 for Full Functionality in Tumor Surveillance and Antibacterial Immunity. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2019; 202:1724-1734. [PMID: 30718299 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) is a widely expressed receptor-associated kinase that is involved in signaling by a variety of cytokines with important immune regulatory activities. Absence of TYK2 in mice results in impaired NK cell maturation and antitumor activity, although underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. Using conditional ablation of TYK2 in NK cells we show that TYK2 is required for IFN-γ production by NK cells in response to IL-12 and for an efficient immune defense against Listeria monocytogenes Deletion of TYK2 in NK cells did not impact NK cell maturation and IFN-γ production upon NK cell activating receptor (actR) stimulation. Similarly, NK cell-mediated tumor surveillance was unimpaired upon deletion of TYK2 in NK cells only. In line with the previously reported maturation-associated Ifng promoter demethylation, the less mature phenotype of Tyk2-/- NK cells correlated with an increased CpG methylation at the Ifng locus. Treatment with the DNA hypomethylating agent 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine restored the ability of Tyk2-/- NK cells to produce IFN-γ upon actR but not upon IL-12 stimulation. NK cell maturation was dependent on the presence of TYK2 in dendritic cells and could be rescued in Tyk2-deficient mice by treatment with exogenous IL-15/IL-15Rα complexes. IL-15 treatment also rescued the in vitro cytotoxicity defect and the impaired actR-induced IFN-γ production of Tyk2-/- NK cells. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence, to our knowledge, for a key role of TYK2 in the host environment in promoting NK cell maturation and antitumor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalija Simonović
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Agnieszka Witalisz-Siepracka
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Katrin Meissl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Caroline Lassnig
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ursula Reichart
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Kolbe
- Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Department of Agrobiotechnology IFA Tulln, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, 1180 Vienna, Austria; and
| | - Matthias Farlik
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Veronika Sexl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Mathias Müller
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria.,Biomodels Austria, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Birgit Strobl
- Department of Biomedical Science, Institute of Animal Breeding and Genetics, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
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7
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FLT3-ITD induces expression of Pim kinases through STAT5 to confer resistance to the PI3K/Akt pathway inhibitors on leukemic cells by enhancing the mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway. Oncotarget 2017; 9:8870-8886. [PMID: 29507660 PMCID: PMC5823622 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.22926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
FLT3-ITD is the most frequent tyrosine kinase mutation in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) associated with poor prognosis. We previously reported that activation of STAT5 confers resistance to PI3K/Akt inhibitors on the FLT3-ITD-positive AML cell line MV4-11 and 32D cells driven by FLT3-ITD (32D/ITD) but not by FLT3 mutated in the tyrosine kinase domain (32D/TKD). Here, we report the involvement of Pim kinases expressed through STAT5 activation in acquisition of this resistance. The specific pan-Pim kinase inhibitor AZD1208 as well as PIM447 in combination with the PI3K inhibitor GDC-0941 or the Akt inhibitor MK-2206 cooperatively downregulated the mTORC1/4EBP1 pathway, formation of the eIF4E/eIF4G complex, and Mcl-1 expression leading to activation of Bak and Bax to induce caspase-dependent apoptosis synergistically in these cells. These cooperative effects were enhanced or inhibited by knock down of mTOR or expression of its activated mutant, respectively. Overexpression of Mcl-1 conferred the resistance on 32D/ITD cells to combined inhibition of the PI3K/Akt pathway and Pim kinases, while the Mcl-1-specific BH3 mimetic A-1210477 conquered the resistance of MV4-11 cells to GDC-0941. Furthermore, overexpression of Pim-1 in 32D/TKD enhanced the mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway and partially protected it from the PI3K/Akt inhibitors or the FLT3 inhibitor gilteritinib to confer the resistance to PI3K/Akt inhibitors. Finally, AZD1208 and GDC-0941 cooperatively inhibited the mTORC1/Mcl-1 pathway and reduced viable cell numbers of primary AML cells from some FLT3-ITD positive cases. Thus, Pim kinases may protect the mTORC1/4EBP1/Mcl-1 pathway to confer the resistance to the PI3K/Akt inhibitors on FLT3-ITD cells and represent promising therapeutic targets.
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8
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Kapoor S, Natarajan K, Baldwin PR, Doshi KA, Lapidus RG, Mathias TJ, Scarpa M, Trotta R, Davila E, Kraus M, Huszar D, Tron AE, Perrotti D, Baer MR. Concurrent Inhibition of Pim and FLT3 Kinases Enhances Apoptosis of FLT3-ITD Acute Myeloid Leukemia Cells through Increased Mcl-1 Proteasomal Degradation. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 24:234-247. [PMID: 29074603 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-1629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose:fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) is present in 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and these patients have short disease-free survival. FLT3 inhibitors have limited and transient clinical activity, and concurrent treatment with inhibitors of parallel or downstream signaling may improve responses. The oncogenic serine/threonine kinase Pim-1 is upregulated downstream of FLT3-ITD and also promotes its signaling in a positive feedback loop, suggesting benefit of combined Pim and FLT3 inhibition.Experimental Design: Combinations of clinically active Pim and FLT3 inhibitors were studied in vitro and in vivoResults: Concurrent treatment with the pan-Pim inhibitor AZD1208 and FLT3 inhibitors at clinically applicable concentrations abrogated in vitro growth of FLT3-ITD, but not wild-type FLT3 (FLT3-WT), cell lines. AZD1208 cotreatment increased FLT3 inhibitor-induced apoptosis of FLT3-ITD, but not FLT3-WT, cells measured by sub-G1 fraction, annexin V labeling, mitochondrial membrane potential, and PARP and caspase-3 cleavage. Concurrent treatment with AZD1208 and the FLT3 inhibitor quizartinib decreased growth of MV4-11 cells, with FLT3-ITD, in mouse xenografts, and prolonged survival, enhanced apoptosis of FLT3-ITD primary AML blasts, but not FLT3-WT blasts or remission marrow cells, and decreased FLT3-ITD AML blast colony formation. Mechanistically, AZD1208 and quizartinib cotreatment decreased expression of the antiapoptotic protein Mcl-1. Decrease in Mcl-1 protein expression was abrogated by treatment with the proteasome inhibitor MG132, and was preceded by downregulation of the Mcl-1 deubiquitinase USP9X, a novel mechanism of Mcl-1 regulation in AML.Conclusions: The data support clinical testing of Pim and FLT3 inhibitor combination therapy for FLT3-ITD AML. Clin Cancer Res; 24(1); 234-47. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivani Kapoor
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karthika Natarajan
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Patrick R Baldwin
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kshama A Doshi
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rena G Lapidus
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Trevor J Mathias
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Mario Scarpa
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rossana Trotta
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Eduardo Davila
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | | | - Danilo Perrotti
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Maria R Baer
- University of Maryland Greenebaum Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Medicine, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.,Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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