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Kern C, Kern S, Henss A, Rohnke M. Secondary ion mass spectrometry for bone research. Biointerphases 2023; 18:041203. [PMID: 37489909 DOI: 10.1116/6.0002820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this Tutorial is to highlight the suitability of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) and OrbiTrap™ SIMS (Orbi-SIMS) in bone research by introducing fundamentals and best practices of bone analysis with these mass spectrometric imaging (MSI) techniques. The Tutorial includes sample preparation, determination of best-suited measurement settings, data acquisition, and data evaluation, as well as a brief overview of SIMS applications in bone research in the current literature. SIMS is a powerful analytical technique that allows simultaneous analysis and visualization of mineralized and nonmineralized bone tissue, bone marrow as well as implanted biomaterials, and interfaces between bone and implants. Compared to histological staining, which is the standard analytical procedure in bone research, SIMS provides chemical imaging of nonstained bone sections that offers insights beyond what is conventionally obtained. The Tutorial highlights the versatility of ToF- and Orbi-SIMS in addressing important questions in bone research. By illustrating the value of these MSI techniques, it demonstrates how they can contribute to advance progress in bone research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Kern
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kern
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen 35392, Germany
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, Giessen 35392, Germany
- Center for Materials Research, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, Giessen 35392, Germany
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Fischer JP, Wininger AE, Himes E, Chakraborty N, Hammamieh R, Kacena MA. Fixation of whole mouse hindlimbs using NASA spaceflight fixation kit. J Histotechnol 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/01478885.2017.1394561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James P. Fischer
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Austin E. Wininger
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Evan Himes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nabarun Chakraborty
- Geneva Foundation, Frederick, MD, USA
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- US Army Center for Environmental Health Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Melissa A. Kacena
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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El Khassawna T, Böcker W, Brodsky K, Weisweiler D, Govindarajan P, Kampschulte M, Thormann U, Henss A, Rohnke M, Bauer N, Müller R, Deutsch A, Ignatius A, Dürselen L, Langheinrich A, Lips KS, Schnettler R, Heiss C. Impaired extracellular matrix structure resulting from malnutrition in ovariectomized mature rats. Histochem Cell Biol 2015. [PMID: 26210855 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1356-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Bone loss is a symptom related to disease and age, which reflects on bone cells and ECM. Discrepant regulation affects cell proliferation and ECM localization. Rat model of osteoporosis (OVX) was investigated against control rats (Sham) at young and old ages. Biophysical, histological and molecular techniques were implemented to examine the underlying cellular and extracellular matrix changes and to assess the mechanisms contributing to bone loss in the context of aging and the widely used osteoporotic models in rats. Bone loss exhibited a compromised function of bone cells and infiltration of adipocytes into bone marrow. However, the expression of genes regulating collagen catabolic process and adipogenesis was chronologically shifted in diseased bone in comparison with aged bone. The data showed the involvement of Wnt signaling inhibition in adipogenesis and bone loss due to over-expression of SOST in both diseased and aged bone. Further, in the OVX animals, an integrin-mediated ERK activation indicated the role of MAPK in osteoblastogenesis and adipogenesis. The increased PTH levels due to calcium and estrogen deficiency activated osteoblastogenesis. Thusly, RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis was initiated. Interestingly, the data show the role of MEPE regulating osteoclast-mediated resorption at late stages in osteoporotic bone. The interplay between ECM and bone cells change tissue microstructure and properties. The involvement of Wnt and MAPK pathways in activating cell proliferation has intriguing similarities to oncogenesis and myeloma. The study indicates the importance of targeting both pathways simultaneously to remedy metabolic bone diseases and age-related bone loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaqif El Khassawna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Katharina Brodsky
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - David Weisweiler
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | | | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Ulrich Thormann
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Anja Henss
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Marcus Rohnke
- Institute for Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Robert Müller
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Andreas Deutsch
- Center for Information Services and High Performance Computing, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Alexander Langheinrich
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, BG Trauma Hospital Frankfurt/Main, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Katrin S Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany. .,Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Rudolf-Buchheim-Strasse 7, 35385, Giessen, Germany.
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Chappard D, Alexandre C, Montheard JP. Polymerization of Methacrylates: “Bubble-Hole” Artifact Reconsidered with Bone Morphometry. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1992.15.1.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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El Khassawna T, Böcker W, Govindarajan P, Schliefke N, Hürter B, Kampschulte M, Schlewitz G, Alt V, Lips KS, Faulenbach M, Möllmann H, Zahner D, Dürselen L, Ignatius A, Bauer N, Wenisch S, Langheinrich AC, Schnettler R, Heiss C. Effects of multi-deficiencies-diet on bone parameters of peripheral bone in ovariectomized mature rat. PLoS One 2013; 8:e71665. [PMID: 23977109 PMCID: PMC3745426 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0071665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Many postmenopausal women have vitamin D and calcium deficiency. Therefore, vitamin D and calcium supplementation is recommended for all patients with osteopenia and osteoporosis. We used an experimental rat model to test the hypothesis that induction of osteoporosis is more efficiently achieved in peripheral bone through combining ovariectomy with a unique multi-deficiencies diet (vitamin D depletion and deficient calcium, vitamin K and phosphorus). 14-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats served as controls to examine the initial bone status. 11 rats were bilaterally ovariectomized (OVX) and fed with multi-deficiencies diet. Three months later the treated group and the Sham group (n = 8) were euthanized. Bone biomechanical competence of the diaphyseal bone was examined on both, tibia and femur. Image analysis was performed on tibia via µCT, and on femur via histological analysis. Lower torsional stiffness indicated inferior mechanical competence of the tibia in 3 month OVX+Diet. Proximal metaphyseal region of the tibia showed a diminished bone tissue portion to total tissue in the µCT despite the increased total area as evaluated in both µCT and histology. Cortical bone showed higher porosity and smaller cross sectional thickness of the tibial diaphysis in the OVX+Diet rats. A lower ALP positive area and elevated serum level of RANKL exhibited the unbalanced cellular interaction in bone remodeling in the OVX+Diet rat after 3 month of treatment. Interestingly, more adipose tissue area in bone marrow indicated an effect of bone loss similar to that observed in osteoporotic patients. Nonetheless, the presence of osteoid and elevated serum level of PTH, BGP and Opn suggest the development of osteomalacia rather than an osteoporosis. As the treatment and fracture management of both osteoporotic and osteomalacia patients are clinically overlapping, this study provides a preclinical animal model to be utilized in local supplementation of minerals, drugs and growth factors in future fracture healing studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thaqif El Khassawna
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Böcker
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Nathalie Schliefke
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Britta Hürter
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Marian Kampschulte
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Gudrun Schlewitz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Volker Alt
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Katrin Susanne Lips
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
| | - Miriam Faulenbach
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Henriette Möllmann
- Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Daniel Zahner
- Animal Laboratory, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Lutz Dürselen
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anita Ignatius
- Institute of Orthopedic Research and Biomechanics, Centre of Musculoskeletal Research, University of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Natali Bauer
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, Clinical Pathology and Clinical Pathophysiology, Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Sabine Wenisch
- Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Justus-Liebig University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | | | - Reinhard Schnettler
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Heiss
- Laboratory of Experimental Trauma Surgery, Justus-Liebig University, Giessen, Germany
- Department of Trauma Surgery, University Hospital of Giessen-Marburg, Giessen, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Sanderson C, Kitabayashi LR. Parallel Experience of Two Different Laboratories with the Initiator Perkadox 16 for Polymerization of Methylmethacrylates. J Histotechnol 2013. [DOI: 10.1179/his.1994.17.4.343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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El Khassawna T, Toben D, Kolanczyk M, Schmidt-Bleek K, Koennecke I, Schell H, Mundlos S, Duda GN. Deterioration of fracture healing in the mouse model of NF1 long bone dysplasia. Bone 2012; 51:651-60. [PMID: 22868293 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2012.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2012] [Revised: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/13/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) is an autosomal dominant genetic disease resulting from inactivating mutations in the gene encoding the protein neurofibromin. NF1 manifests as a heritable susceptibility to tumours of neural tissue mainly located in the skin (neurofibromas) and pigmented skin lesions. Besides these more common clinical manifestations, many NF1 patients (50%) have abnormalities of the skeleton. Long bones are often affected (usually the tibia) and the clinical signs range from bowing to spontaneous fractures and non-unions. Here we present the analysis of bone fracture healing in the Nf1(Prx1)-knock-out mouse, a model of NF1 long bone dysplasia. In line with previously reported cortical bone injury results, fracture healing was impaired in Nf1(Prx1) mice. We showed that the defective fracture healing in Nf1(Prx1) mice is characterized by diminished cartilaginous callus formation and a thickening of the periosteal bone. These changes are paralleled by fibrous tissue accumulation within the fracture site. We identify a population of fibrous tissue cells within the Nf1 deficient fracture as alpha-smooth muscle actin positive myofibroblasts. Additionally, histological and in-situ hybridization analysis reveal a direct contact of the fracture site with muscle fascia, suggesting a possible involvement of muscle derived cells in the fracture deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- T El Khassawna
- Julius Wolff Institute and Center for Musculoskeletal Surgery, Charite Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany.
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Frayssinet P, Tourenne F, Primout I, Delga C, Sergent E, Besse C, Conte P, Guilhem A. A study of structure and degradation of nonpolymeric biomaterials implanted in bone using reflected and transmitted light microscopy. Biotech Histochem 1993; 68:333-41. [PMID: 8292657 DOI: 10.3109/10520299309105639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Orthopedic biomaterials currently are made of metal alloy coated with one or more thin layers of dense or porous ceramic or metal. Sections of these materials implanted in human bone were made without altering the implant or bone-implant interfaces. Bone containing an implant was fixed and then embedded in polymethylmethacrylate. Thick sections were made using a cooled, low speed diamond saw, then ground and polished. Some were stained by fuchsin-toluidine staining solution, others were acid etched to reveal the structure of the metal contained in the prosthesis. Observation by reflected and transmitted light microscopy revealed microstructure of the implant material as well as features of the surrounding tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Frayssinet
- Physical Metallurgy Department, National School of Chemistry of Tolouse, France
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Dai KR, Liu YK, Park JB, Clark CR, Nishiyama K, Zheng ZK. Bone-particle-impregnated bone cement: an in vivo weight-bearing study. J Biomed Mater Res 1991; 25:141-56. [PMID: 2055912 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820250202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate an experimental inorganic-bone-particle-impregnated bone cement, canine hip prostheses were implanted in dogs using a regular bone cement on one side and the experimental bone cement on the other. In a preliminary feasibility study, bone ingrowth into the resorbed bone-particle spaces was established 3 months after implantation in three dogs. In a more detailed study, twenty-eight (28) dogs were divided in four groups to delineate the effects of time on the phenomena of bony ingrowth. One month after implantation, active bone ingrowth into the bone cement was obvious. By 3 months postimplantation, the ingrowth appeared to have traversed the thickness of the bone-particle-impregnated cement. By the fifth month, most of the interconnected inorganic bone particles were replaced by new bone. At the end of a year, the ingrown bone was mature and negligible new bone activity was present. Biomechanical pushout tests closely corroborated the histologic observations. The maximum shear strength of the cement/bone interface of the experimental side reached 3.6 times that of the control side at 5 months postimplantation. No further improvements were seen at 12 months postimplantation. A viable bone/cement interface may result in a better orthopedic implant fixation system by combining the advantages of both cement for immediate rigidity and biological ingrowth for longterm stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- K R Dai
- Department of Orthopaedics, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Second Medical University, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
An improved and time reducing method is presented for the histological evaluation of bone containing polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement. The undecalcified bone was embedded in epoxy resin and section of 50-100 microns thickness were produced using a commercially available cutting grinding system. The sections were stained with Stevenel's blue and van Gieson picrofuchsin or a modified hematoxylineosin. PMMA bone cement was not dissolved and remained enabling examination in situ of an intact cement bone interface and tissue reaction without decalcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- L N Jensen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
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Gotfredsen K, Budtz-Jörgensen E, Jensen LN. A method for preparing and staining histological sections containing titanium implants for light microscopy. Stain Technol 1989; 64:121-7. [PMID: 2480002 DOI: 10.3109/10520298909106984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
An improved method for preparing and staining ground tissue-implant sections for light microscopy is presented. Undecalcified tissue blocks with titanium implants were dehydrated in an ascending series of ethanol and stained in toto with basic fuchsin. Specimens were infiltrated and embedded in methyl methacrylate and sections were prepared using a cutting-grinding-system. The polished surface was counterstained with light green or anilin blue. Light polymerizing resin was used as slide mounting medium and for mounting the coverglass. The sections obtained were 10-15 microns thick with tissue architecture which clearly differentiated structures at the tissue-implant interface. The method was very useful for computer assisted morphometric analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gotfredsen
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, Royal Dental College, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Abstract
A simple modified polymethyl methacrylate method is described for large mineralized bone specimens with implants and bioactive materials which produces consistently good histological preservation of the interface between bone and implant. Human femoral heads, whole rabbit condyles and canine tibias and femurs containing implants consisting of hydroxyapatite, smooth polyethylene, porous polyethylene and carbon were dehydrated in ascending grades of ethanol and cleared with xylene on an automated tissue processor which alternated vacuum and pressure for 22 hr. Infiltration was done with washed polymethyl methacrylate at 4 C under vacuum for 13 days. Polymerization was carried out in wide-mouth glass jars at 38 C for 36 hr so that the total processing time was less than 20 days. The only important modification was in the polymethyl methacrylate, which had less plasticizer than usual in order to give a harder block. This enabled production of 4 micron sections with good preservation of mineralized and cellular areas for the study of metabolic bone diseases, morphometry, fluorochrome labelling and interface analysis with the implant in situ.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Emmanual
- Harrington Arthritis Research Center, Phoenix, Arizona 85006
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Chappard D, Palle S, Alexandre C, Vico L, Riffat G. Bone embedding in pure methyl methacrylate at low temperature preserves enzyme activities. Acta Histochem 1987; 81:183-90. [PMID: 3111154 DOI: 10.1016/s0065-1281(87)80012-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Pure Methyl Methacrylate (MMA), a widely used embedding medium for undecalcified bone studies, was polymerized at low temperature (4 degrees C). MMA was prepared by a new purification procedure yielding a absolutely anhydrous and catalysed resin. The redox system benzoyle peroxide/NN-Dimethylanilin was used as the catalyzer-initiator system providing free radicals for the MMA chemical polymerization. Since the reaction is inhibited at -20 degrees C, complete infiltration of blocks is achieved within 3 d. Polymerization took place at +4 degrees C. The method provides undecalcified bone sections suitable for histomorphometric analysis of osteoid tissue, tetracycline bone labeling and Tartrate Resistant Acid Phosphatase. Enzyme histochemistry was shown to be possible in pure MMA embedded bones, when this low temperature embedding was used.
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Abstract
Percutaneous healing is plagued by materials compatibility problems, epidermal reactions, and mechanical factors. To our knowledge, no studies have evaluated the effects of one of these factors while controlling the others. The tympanic membrane is an implant site where mechanical factors are minimized. Titanium has been shown to be a very histocompatible material, although no reports of the histology of percutaneous titanium implants exist. This study reports on aspects of the epidermal and connective tissue healing around titanium tympanic membrane implants that were explanted from human subjects. The lack of inflammation and the direct adherence of the tissues substantiate the materials compatibility and the absence of mechanical factors. Tissue healing patterns appear to reach an equilibrium which is suitable for the long-term existence of the percutaneous device. This implant location provides a suitable model for studying the tissue reactions to various percutaneous materials.
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Gruber HE, Marshall GJ, Kirchen ME, Kang J, Massry SG. Improvements in dehydration and cement line staining for methacrylate embedded human bone biopsies. Stain Technol 1985; 60:337-44. [PMID: 2418547 DOI: 10.3109/10520298509113933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Undemineralized methacrylate embedded bone biopsies and other bone specimens can be processed much more rapidly by application of acidified 2,2-dimethoxypropane (DMP) dehydration, which requires two hours, than by traditional graded ethanol dehydration, which requires at least four days. This shortened processing time is valuable when biopsy results are urgently needed to detect osteomalacia or to determine bone features prior to possible parathyroidectomy. We have processed over 200 bone specimens with DMP and have compared DMP dehydration to graded ethanol dehydration in 11 biopsies in which two plugs were available from the same patient. DMP dehydration does not compromise the following: tetracycline retention, Goldner's stain, acid phosphatase localization or histochemical identification of aluminum. Cement lines, which provide a record of past remodelling, are useful in clinical interpretation of bone biopsies. We have adapted two stains, toluidine blue and methylene blue/basic fuchsin, for improved cement line identification. Five-micrometer sections individually demineralized in acetate buffer prior to cement line staining show best results with toluidine blue at pH 5.5 and with methylene blue/basic fuchsin at pH 2.5-3.5.
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Gruen TA, Sarmiento A. Key references in biomaterials: bone/biomaterial interface in orthopedic joint implants. J Biomed Mater Res 1984; 18:577-99. [PMID: 6376515 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820180511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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