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Leusmann S, Ménová P, Shanin E, Titz A, Rademacher C. Glycomimetics for the inhibition and modulation of lectins. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:3663-3740. [PMID: 37232696 PMCID: PMC10243309 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00954d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Carbohydrates are essential mediators of many processes in health and disease. They regulate self-/non-self- discrimination, are key elements of cellular communication, cancer, infection and inflammation, and determine protein folding, function and life-times. Moreover, they are integral to the cellular envelope for microorganisms and participate in biofilm formation. These diverse functions of carbohydrates are mediated by carbohydrate-binding proteins, lectins, and the more the knowledge about the biology of these proteins is advancing, the more interfering with carbohydrate recognition becomes a viable option for the development of novel therapeutics. In this respect, small molecules mimicking this recognition process become more and more available either as tools for fostering our basic understanding of glycobiology or as therapeutics. In this review, we outline the general design principles of glycomimetic inhibitors (Section 2). This section is then followed by highlighting three approaches to interfere with lectin function, i.e. with carbohydrate-derived glycomimetics (Section 3.1), novel glycomimetic scaffolds (Section 3.2) and allosteric modulators (Section 3.3). We summarize recent advances in design and application of glycomimetics for various classes of lectins of mammalian, viral and bacterial origin. Besides highlighting design principles in general, we showcase defined cases in which glycomimetics have been advanced to clinical trials or marketed. Additionally, emerging applications of glycomimetics for targeted protein degradation and targeted delivery purposes are reviewed in Section 4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Leusmann
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Petra Ménová
- University of Chemistry and Technology, Prague, Technická 5, 16628 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Elena Shanin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Titz
- Chemical Biology of Carbohydrates (CBCH), Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany.
- Department of Chemistry, Saarland University, 66123 Saarbrücken, Germany
- Deutsches Zentrum für Infektionsforschung (DZIF), Standort Hannover-Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Christoph Rademacher
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Microbiology, Immunobiology and Genetics, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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L-Serine-Modified Poly-L-Lysine as a Biodegradable Kidney-Targeted Drug Carrier for the Efficient Radionuclide Therapy of Renal Cell Carcinoma. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091946. [PMID: 36145694 PMCID: PMC9503061 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, L-serine (Ser)-modified poly-L-lysine (PLL) was synthesized to develop a biodegradable, kidney-targeted drug carrier for efficient radionuclide therapy in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Ser-PLL was labeled with 111In/90Y via diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelation for biodistribution analysis/radionuclide therapy. In mice, approximately 91% of the total dose accumulated in the kidney 3 h after intravenous injection of 111In-labeled Ser-PLL. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging showed that 111In-labeled Ser-PLL accumulated in the renal cortex following intravenous injection. An intrarenal distribution study showed that fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled Ser-PLL accumulated mainly in the renal proximal tubules. This pattern was associated with RCC pathogenesis. Moreover, 111In-labeled Ser-PLL rapidly degraded and was eluted along with the low-molecular-weight fractions of the renal homogenate in gel filtration chromatography. Continuous Ser-PLL administration over five days had no significant effect on plasma creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), or renal histology. In a murine RCC model, kidney tumor growth was significantly inhibited by the administration of the beta-emitter 90Y combined with Ser-PLL. The foregoing results indicate that Ser-PLL is promising as a biodegradable drug carrier for kidney-targeted drug delivery and efficient radionuclide therapy in RCC.
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Boseila AA, Rashed HM, Sakr TM, Abdel-Reheem AY, Basalious EB. Superiority of DEAE-Dx-Stabilized Cationic Bile-Based Vesicles over Conventional Vesicles for Enhanced Hepatic Delivery of Daclatasvir. Mol Pharm 2019; 16:4190-4199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b00517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amira A. Boseila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 12611 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hassan M. Rashed
- Labeled Compounds Department, Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Kantara, Egypt
| | - Tamer M. Sakr
- Radioactive Isotopes and Generator Department, Hot Labs Center, Atomic Energy Authority, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal Y. Abdel-Reheem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research (NODCAR), 12611 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B. Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, 11562 Cairo, Egypt
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Boseila AA, Abdel-Reheem AY, Basalious EB. Design of bile-based vesicles (BBVs) for hepatocytes specific delivery of Daclatasvir: Comparison of ex-vivo transenterocytic transport, in-vitro protein adsorption resistance and HepG2 cellular uptake of charged and β-sitosterol decorated vesicles. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219752. [PMID: 31310613 PMCID: PMC6634393 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Daclatasvir is a new direct acting antiviral used in treatment of Hepatitis C virus, in an attempt to increase its hepatocytes specificity and uptake. It was encapsulated within bile based vesicles (BBVs) containing egg phosphatidyl choline, cholesterol and sodium deoxycholate fabricated by thin-film hydration method. A D-optimal mixture design was applied to study the effect of formulation variables on vesicular characteristics. The dependent variables picked were the particle size, polydispersity index, zeta potential and entrapment efficiency. The optimized bile based vesicles were subjected for further modifications to prepare miniaturized anionic (ABBVs), cationic (CBBVs) and Sito-G decorated BBVs (Sito-GBBVs) to be capable to penetrate liver fenestrae (<200 nm). The aim of the current work is to compare the potential of the ABBVs, CBBVs and Sito-GBBVs loaded with Daclatasvir for stability in simulated biological fluids, ex-vivo intestinal transenterocytic transport, HepG2 cellular uptake and resistance to blood protein adsorption. The miniaturized ABBVs, CBBVs and Sito-GBBVs showed acceptable stability in simulated biological fluids. CBBVs had the highest transenterocytic transport through intestinal membrane. The internalization of CBBVs into HepG2 cells was about 2.1 folds that of ABBVs and 1.45 folds that of Sito-GBBVs. ABBVs and Sito-GBBVs showed superior resistance to opsonization compared to CBBVs which showed significant increase in particle size (p˃0.05) due to protein adsorption. The miniaturized Sito-GBBVs constitute a promising strategy to overcome key biological barriers facing hepatocytes specific delivery of Daclatasvir.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira A. Boseila
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
- * E-mail:
| | - Amal Y. Abdel-Reheem
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B. Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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5
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Pathak P, Dhawan V, Magarkar A, Danne R, Govindarajan S, Ghosh S, Steiniger F, Chaudhari P, Gopal V, Bunker A, Róg T, Fahr A, Nagarsenker M. Design of cholesterol arabinogalactan anchored liposomes for asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated targeting to hepatocellular carcinoma: In silico modeling, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. Int J Pharm 2016; 509:149-158. [PMID: 27231122 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have developed active targeting liposomes to deliver anticancer agents to ASGPR which will contribute to effective treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Active targeting is achieved through polymeric ligands on the liposome surface. The liposomes were prepared using reverse phase evaporation method and doxorubicin hydrocholoride, a model drug, was loaded using the ammonium sulphate gradient method. Liposomes loaded with DOX were found to have a particle size of 200nm with more than 90% entrapment efficiency. Systems were observed to release the drug in a sustained manner in acidic pH in vitro. Liposomes containing targeting ligands possessed greater and selective toxicity to ASGPR positive HepG2 cell lines due to specific ligand receptor interaction. Bio-distribution studies revealed that liposomes were concentrated in the liver even after 3h of administration, thus providing conclusive evidence of targeting potential for formulated nanosystems. Tumor regression studies indicated greater tumor suppression with targeted liposomes thereby establishing superiority of the liposomal system. In this work, we used a novel methodology to guide the determination of the optimal composition of the targeting liposomes: molecular dynamics (MD) simulation that aided our understanding of the behaviour of the ligand within the bilayer. This can be seen as a demonstration of the utility of this methodology as a rational design tool for active targeting liposome formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pankaj Pathak
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Vivek Dhawan
- Bombay College of Pharmacy, University of Mumbai, Mumbai 400098, India
| | - Aniket Magarkar
- Academy of the Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic; Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Reinis Danne
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Srinath Govindarajan
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Sandipto Ghosh
- Small Animal Imaging Facility (SAIF), Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Frank Steiniger
- Center for Electron Microscopy of the Medical Faculty, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, D-07740 Jena, Germany
| | - Pradip Chaudhari
- Small Animal Imaging Facility (SAIF), Advanced Centre for Treatment Research and Education in Cancer (ACTREC), Kharghar, Mumbai 410210, India
| | - Vijaya Gopal
- Council of Scientific and Industrial Research-Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CSIR-CCMB), Hyderabad 500007, India
| | - Alex Bunker
- Centre for Drug Research, Division of Pharmaceutical Bioscience, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tomasz Róg
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, PO Box 692, FI-33101 Tampere, Finland
| | - Alfred Fahr
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Friedrich-Schiller-University Jena, Lessing-str. 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
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6
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Asialoglycoprotein receptor mediated hepatocyte targeting — Strategies and applications. J Control Release 2015; 203:126-39. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2015.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 286] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2014] [Revised: 02/14/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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7
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Glycosylation-mediated targeting of carriers. J Control Release 2014; 190:542-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2014] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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8
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Jain K, Kesharwani P, Gupta U, Jain NK. A review of glycosylated carriers for drug delivery. Biomaterials 2012; 33:4166-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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9
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Hawary DL, Motaleb MA, Farag H, Guirguis OW, Elsabee MZ. Lactosaminated N-succinyl-chitosan as a liver-targeted carrier of 99mTc in vivo for nuclear imaging and biodistribution. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.1903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dalia L. Hawary
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Cairo; 12613; Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Motaleb
- Department of Labeled Compounds, Hot Labs Center; Atomic Energy Authority; Cairo; Egypt
| | - Hamed Farag
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, Faculty of Engineering; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah; Saudi Arabia
| | - Osiris W. Guirguis
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Cairo; 12613; Egypt
| | - Maher Z. Elsabee
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science; Cairo University; Cairo; 12613; Egypt
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Hawary DL, Motaleb MA, Farag H, Guirguis OW, Elsabee MZ. Water-soluble derivatives of chitosan as a target delivery system of 99mTc to some organs in vivo for nuclear imaging and biodistribution. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-011-1310-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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11
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Preparation and characterization of galactosylated chitosan coated BSA microspheres containing 5-fluorouracil. Carbohydr Polym 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2007.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Abstract
Cell-specific targeting systems for drugs and genes have been developed by using glycosylated macromolecule as a vehicle that can be selectively recognized by carbohydrate receptors. Pharmacokinetic analyses of the tissue distribution of glycosylated proteins came to the conclusion that the surface density of the sugar moiety on the protein derivative largely determines the binding affinity for the receptors and plasma lectin. Many glycosylated delivery systems have been developed and their usefulness investigated in various settings. Galactosylated polymers, when properly designed, were found to be effective in delivering prostaglandin E1 and other low-molecular-weight drugs selectively to hepatocytes. In addition, glycosylated superoxide dismutase and catalase were successfully developed with minimal loss of enzymatic activity. A simultaneous targeting of these two enzymes to liver nonparenchymal cells significantly prevented hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury. On the other hand, galactosylated catalase, a derivative selectively delivered to hepatocytes, effectively inhibited hepatic metastasis of colon carcinoma cells in mice. Finally, hepatocyte-targeted in vivo gene transfer was achieved by synthesizing a multi-functional carrier molecule, which condenses plasmid DNA, delivering DNA to hepatocytes through recognition by asialoglycoprotein receptors, and releasing DNA from endosomes/lysosomes into cytoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiya Nishikawa
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Drug Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501. Japan.
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13
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Zhang C, Ping Q, Ding Y, Cheng Y, Shen J. Synthesis, characterization, and microsphere formation of galactosylated chitosan. J Appl Polym Sci 2003. [DOI: 10.1002/app.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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14
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Kato Y, Onishi H, Machida Y. Efficacy of lactosaminated and intact N-succinylchitosan-mitomycin C conjugates against M5076 liver metastatic cancer. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:529-37. [PMID: 11999131 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
In this study,lactosaminated N-succinyl-chitosan (Lac-Suc) was investigated for its liver targeting ability in the early metastatic stage of liver cancer, and subsequently Lac-Suc-mitomycin C conjugate (Lac-Suc-MMC) and highly-succinylated N-succinyl-chitosan (Suc(II))-MMC conjugate (Suc(II)-MMC) were examined for efficacy against the liver metastasis. Mice into which M5076 cells were inoculated intravenously were used as liver metastatic models. Fluorescently labelled Lac-Suc (Lac-Suc-FTC) was intravenously administered at a daily dose of 0.2 mg/mouse for 4 days or at a single dose of 0.8 mg/mouse at 3 days post-inoculation. At a dose of 0.2 mg/mouse for 4 days, liver accumulation of Lac-Suc-FTC was increased after all except the fourth injection, indicating that the capacity of accumulation might be limited to around 110 microg per mouse with repeated daily administration at 0.2 mg/mouse. As to the efficacy of intravenous administration at 7 days post-inoculation, Lac-Suc-MMC was less effective at a dose of 1 mg kg(-1) for 4 days than a single dose of 4 mg kg(-1). This result was not in accordance with that expected from the biodistribution study. On the other hand, with intravenous administration at 3 days post-inoculation, Suc(II)-MMC was more effective on repeated administration, and it showed higher efficacy than Lac-Suc-MMC at both 1 mg kg(-1) for 4 days and 4 mg kg(-1) as a single dose. Further, with intravenous administration at 3 days post-inoculation, Suc(II)-MMC exhibited a much higher survival effect at a dose of 4 mg kg(-1) for 4 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kato
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kato Y, Onishi H, Machida Y. Biological characteristics of lactosaminated N-succinyl-chitosan as a liver-specific drug carrier in mice. J Control Release 2001; 70:295-307. [PMID: 11182200 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-3659(00)00356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Lactosaminated N-succinyl-chitosan (Lac-Suc) was prepared by reductive amination of N-succinyl-chitosan (Suc) and lactose using sodium cyanoborohydride. Six-day reaction using lactose (12.8-fold (w/w)) yielded Lac-Suc with lactosamination degree of 30% (mol/sugar unit). Fluorescein thiocarbamyl-Lac-Suc (Lac-Suc-FTC) was prepared by labeling Lac-Suc with fluorescein isothiocyanate. Lac-Suc-FTC was injected intravenously at a dose of either 1 (high dose) or 0.2 (low dose) mg/mouse. At both doses, Lac-Suc-FTC initially underwent fast hepatic clearance, showed maximum liver localization at 8 h, and the amounts localized there were maintained even at 48 h post-injection. Very slow excretion into feces and urine was observed. The ratio of liver AUC(0--48 h) to plasma AUC(0--48 h) at low dose was three times higher than that at high dose. On the other hand, the Suc derivative, Gal-Suc, obtained by reductive amination of Suc/galactose showed very little distribution to the liver similarly to Suc itself. Further, since the liver uptake of Lac-Suc-FTC was inhibited by asialofetuin, it was suggested that the liver distribution of Lac-Suc should be concerned with asialoglycoprotein receptor. Thus, Lac-Suc was found available as a carrier exhibiting a high affinity to and long retention in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kato
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Hoshi University, 2-4-41 Ebara, Shinagawa-ku, 142-8501, Tokyo, Japan
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Kawakami S, Munakata C, Fumoto S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Novel galactosylated liposomes for hepatocyte-selective targeting of lipophilic drugs. J Pharm Sci 2001; 90:105-13. [PMID: 11169527 DOI: 10.1002/1520-6017(200102)90:2<105::aid-jps1>3.0.co;2-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Novel galactosylated neutral liposomes containing cholesten-5-yloxy-N-(4-((1-imino-2-beta-D-thiogalactosylethyl)amino)butyl)formamide (Gal-C4-Chol) as a "homing" device were developed for hepatocyte-selective drug targeting. Distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC)/cholesterol (Chol) (60:40) and DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol (60:35:5) liposomes were prepared and labeled with [3H]cholesteryl hexadecyl ether (CHE). [3H]Prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and [14C]probucol were incorporated in liposomes as model lipophilic drugs. After intravenous injection of the liposomes, mice were sacrificed at suitable time periods, and the lung, liver, kidney, spleen, and heart were excised. DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol liposomes rapidly disappeared from the blood, and 85% of the dose had accumulated in the liver within 10 min compared with hepatic accumulation of DSPC/Chol liposomes of 12%. The liver was perfused with collagenase, and liver parenchymal cells (PC) and liver nonparenchymal cells (NPC) were separated by centrifugal differentiation to determine the cellular distribution. The PC/NPC ratios for DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol and DSPC/Chol liposomes were 15.1 and 1.1, respectively. The hepatic uptake of DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol liposomes, but not that of DSPC/Chol liposomes, was significantly inhibited by the predosing of galactosylated bovine serum albumin. [14C]Probucol and [3H]PGE1 incorporated in DSPC/Chol/Gal-C4-Chol liposomes was also efficiently delivered to the liver. In conclusion, newly developed galactosylated liposomes have been proven to be a useful carrier for hepatocyte-selective targeting that will have many practical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawakami
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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Kawakami S, Yamashita F, Hashida M. Disposition characteristics of emulsions and incorporated drugs after systemic or local injection. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2000; 45:77-88. [PMID: 11104899 DOI: 10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00102-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Lipid emulsions are useful tools for controlling the in vivo disposition of drugs and plasmid DNA. The dispositions of lipid emulsions are determined by their tissue interaction depending on the anatomical and physiological characteristics of each tissue and the physicochemical and biological properties of lipid emulsions. In addition, the retention of drugs is another issue, as too rapid a release of the drug would lead to failure of exerting its therapeutic potency. This review presents an overview about the disposition profiles and various physicochemical properties of lipid emulsions and incorporated drugs after systemic or local injection. Controlled biodistribution of lipid emulsions and incorporated drugs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kawakami
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14 Bunkyo-Machi, Nagasaki 825-8521, Japan
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18
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Nishikawa M, Takemura S, Yamashita F, Takakura Y, Meijer DK, Hashida M, Swart PJ. Pharmacokinetics and in vivo gene transfer of plasmid DNA complexed with mannosylated poly(L-lysine) in mice. J Drug Target 2000; 8:29-38. [PMID: 10761643 DOI: 10.3109/10611860009009207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
To achieve mannose receptor-mediated, cell-specific, in vivo gene transfer by intravenous injection of plasmid DNA, mannosylated poly(L-lysine) (Man-PLL) was synthesized as a carrier molecule, and mixed with a plasmid DNA encoding chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) gene to form DNA/Man-PLL complex. The particle size and zeta potential of DNA/Man-PLL (prepared at 1:0.7 on a weight basis) were determined to be 220 nm and +12 mV, respectively. The pharmacokinetics of the DNA/Man-PLL complex was assessed in mice using 32P-labeled DNA ([32P]DNA). After intravenous injection of [32P]DNA/Man-PLL, the radioactivity in plasma fell rapidly and was recovered mainly in the liver nonparenchymal cells. The amount in the liver reached more than 80% of the dose. Radioactivity observed in kidney, lung, and spleen was very low compared to that in the liver. Then, the in vivo gene expression after intravenous injection of DNA/Man-PLL was examined by a CAT assay. Highest CAT activity was detected in the liver, but no activity was detected in the lung, kidney, and spleen. These results clearly indicate that a cell-specific gene delivery system can be developed by regulating the biodistribution of DNA/carrier complex through the control of its physicochemical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishikawa
- Department of Drug Delivery Research, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Japan
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