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Guo J, Li R, Ouyang Z, Tang J, Zhang W, Chen H, Zhu Q, Zhang J, Zhu G. Insights into the mechanism of transcription factors in Pb 2+-induced apoptosis. Toxicology 2024; 503:153760. [PMID: 38387706 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The health risks associated with exposure to heavy metals, such as Pb2+, are increasingly concerning the public. Pb2+ can cause significant harm to the human body through oxidative stress, autophagy, inflammation, and DNA damage, disrupting cellular homeostasis and ultimately leading to cell death. Among these mechanisms, apoptosis is considered crucial. It has been confirmed that transcription factors play a central role as mediators during the apoptosis process. Interestingly, these transcription factors have different effects on apoptosis depending on the concentration and duration of Pb2+ exposure. In this article, we systematically summarize the significant roles of several transcription factors in Pb2+-induced apoptosis. This information provides insights into therapeutic strategies and prognostic biomarkers for diseases related to Pb2+ exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchong Guo
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Ruikang Li
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Zhuqing Ouyang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jiawen Tang
- The First Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Qian Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
| | - Gaochun Zhu
- Department of Anatomy, Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, China.
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Koyama H, Kamogashira T, Yamasoba T. Heavy Metal Exposure: Molecular Pathways, Clinical Implications, and Protective Strategies. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:76. [PMID: 38247500 PMCID: PMC10812460 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 12/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Heavy metals are often found in soil and can contaminate drinking water, posing a serious threat to human health. Molecular pathways and curation therapies for mitigating heavy metal toxicity have been studied for a long time. Recent studies on oxidative stress and aging have shown that the molecular foundation of cellular damage caused by heavy metals, namely, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and mitochondrial stress, share the same pathways as those involved in cellular senescence and aging. In recent aging studies, many types of heavy metal exposures have been used in both cellular and animal aging models. Chelation therapy is a traditional treatment for heavy metal toxicity. However, recently, various antioxidants have been found to be effective in treating heavy metal-induced damage, shifting the research focus to investigating the interplay between antioxidants and heavy metals. In this review, we introduce the molecular basis of heavy metal-induced cellular damage and its relationship with aging, summarize its clinical implications, and discuss antioxidants and other agents with protective effects against heavy metal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Koyama
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
- Tokyo Teishin Hospital, Tokyo 102-0071, Japan
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Yang B, Zhang R, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI. The association between neuropsychiatric effects of substance use and occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum and unfolded protein response: A systematic review. Toxicol Lett 2024; 391:71-85. [PMID: 38101493 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systematic review aimed to assess the association between neuropsychiatric effects of substance use and occurrence of ER stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) through comprehensive electronic search of existing literature and review of their findings. METHODS A comprehensive electronic literature search was carried out on research articles published between 1950 to July 2023 through major databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Medline and Cochrane Library. RESULTS A total of 21 research articles were selected for review, which were comprised of sixteen animal studies, four human studies and one study on postmortem human brain samples. The selected studies revealed that alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, opioid and kratom exposures contributed to neuropsychiatric effects: such as decline in learning and memory function, executive dysfunction, alcohol, methamphetamine, opioid, and kratom dependence. These effects were associated with activation and persistent of ER stress and UPR with elevation of BiP and CHOP expression and the direction of ER stress is progressing towards the PERK-eIF2α-ATF4-CHOP pathway and neuronal apoptosis and neurodegeneration at various regions of the brain. In addition, regular kratom use in humans also contributed to elevation of p-JNK expression, denoting progress of ER stress towards the IRE1-ASK1-JNK-p-JNK pathway which was linked to kratom use disorder. However, treatment with certain compounds or biological agents could reverse the activation of ER stress. CONCLUSIONS The neuropsychiatric effects of alcohol, methamphetamine, cocaine, opioid and kratom use may be associated with persistent ER stress and UPR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, SAINS@BERTAM, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia; 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Henan, China
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Su X, Wang R, Wu Y, Yang M, Ba Y, Huang H. Lead and cadmium co-exposure modified PC12 viability and ER stress: study from a 3 × 3 factorial design. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2023; 12:1135-1142. [PMID: 38145091 PMCID: PMC10734615 DOI: 10.1093/toxres/tfad105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although exposure to individual metal does exhibit its toxicity, combined exposures provide a more effective representation of the toxic effects of different heavy metal exposures on public health as well as ecosystems. Furthermore, there are few studies on composite exposure to low concentrations of heavy metals, which is more consistent with real-life exposure. The purpose of this study was to explore the neurotoxicity induced by combined exposure to low concentrations of Lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and the potential interaction of their mixture in vitro. Methods PC12 cells were incubation with the corresponding concentration of cadmium chloride and/or lead acetate. Viability of PC12 cells was measured by CCK8 assay after 12, 24 and 48h incubation. Next, We measured the ROS, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and apoptosis produced by different treated cells using ROS assay kit, JC-1 MMP assay kit and annexin V-FITC/propidium iodide (PI) apoptosis assay kit, respectively. Expression of proteins related to PI3K/AKT and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in PC12 cells were tested by western blotting. Our study was the first to analyze the interaction between Pb and Cd using a 3 × 3 factorial design approach to observe neurotoxicity. Results The results showed that the combined exposure of them was more cytotoxic than the single metal. The activation of PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and several parameters related to oxidative stress and ER stress were significantly altered in combined exposure to low concentrations of Pb and Cd compared with the Pb or Cd. Regarding apoptosis and ER stress, a synergistic interaction between Pb and Cd was evident. Moreover, evoked ER stress as a mechanism involved in the apoptosis of PC12 cells by the combined exposure to Pb and Cd. Conclusion The present study provides a theoretical basis used for the toxicological assessment of metal mixtures induced neurotoxicity of concern in terms of public health, and more effective control measures should be taken for the environmental pollution caused by various mixed heavy metals discharged from industry and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Su
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Ruike Wang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yingying Wu
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Mingzhi Yang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Yue Ba
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
| | - Hui Huang
- Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
- Environment and Health Innovation Team, College of Public Health, Zhengzhou University, No.100 Kexue Avenue, Zhengzhou, Henan province 450001, China
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Han B, Kamogashira T, Kikuta S, Yamasoba T. Endoplasmic reticulum stress associated with lead (Pb)-induced olfactory epithelium toxicity in an olfactory dark basal cell line. FEBS Open Bio 2023; 13:2162-2171. [PMID: 37803507 PMCID: PMC10699098 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) can damage organs and also have undesirable effects on neural development. To explore the effects of Pb on olfactory cells, we investigated Pb-induced cell toxicity in the DBC1.2 olfactory cell line, with a focus on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, apoptosis, and necroptosis. Representative markers of ER stress, apoptosis, and necroptosis were analyzed by quantitative PCR. The mRNA expression levels of GRP94, GRP78, spliced XBP1, PERK, and ATF6 increased significantly after Pb exposure in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of Caspase 3 and Caspase 12 did not increase after Pb exposure, which suggested that apoptosis-induced cell death was not activated after Pb exposure. However, the mRNA of RIPK3 and MLKL showed increases in expression, which indicated that necroptosis-induced cell death was activated after Pb exposure. These results indicate that Pb exposure induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity through ER stress and necroptosis pathways in DBC1.2 cells, whereas the apoptosis pathway was not significantly stimulated. HEPES buffer showed a partial protective effect in terms of ER stress, apoptosis, and necroptosis. In summary, the necroptosis pathway plays a crucial rule in Pb exposure-induced cytotoxicity in olfactory cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Han
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Teru Kamogashira
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
| | - Shu Kikuta
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryNihon UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Tatsuya Yamasoba
- Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of TokyoTokyoJapan
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Zhang J, Zhao Q, Xue Z, Zhang S, Ren Z, Chen S, Zhou A, Chen H, Liu Y. Deoxynivalenol induces endoplasmic reticulum stress-associated apoptosis via the IRE1/JNK/CHOP pathway in porcine alveolar macrophage 3D4/21 cells. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 180:114033. [PMID: 37739053 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The interplay between cell apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress has garnered increasing attention. Nevertheless, the precise involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) signaling in the apoptosis of porcine macrophage cells induced by Deoxynivalenol (DON) remains enigmatic. In this study, we revealed that exposure to 2 μM DON resulted in a substantial decline in cell viability, concomitant with the initiation of cell apoptosis and the halting of the G1 phase cell cycle in the porcine alveolar macrophage line 3D4/21. Transcriptomic analysis of DON-exposed cells showed distinct expression patterns in 3104 genes, with notable upregulation of ER stress-related genes, including IRE1, CHOP, XBP1 and JNK. Our subsequent validation via qPCR and Western blot analyses confirmed the attenuation of GRP78 and BCL-2, coupled with the upregulation of IRE1, CHOP, JNK, p-JNK, and Bax in DON-induced cells, indicating the instigation of ER stress-associated apoptosis by DON. The addition of 5 mM 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), an ER stress inhibitor, decreased levels of CHOP, IRE1, JNK, p-JNK, and Bax, while increasing levels of GRP78 and Bcl-2, suggesting that 4-PBA alleviated DON-induced ER stress and apoptosis. Overall, our findings provide new insights into DON-induced ER stress via the IRE1/JNK/CHOP pathway, leading to subsequent cellular apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Qingbo Zhao
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zhihui Xue
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Siyi Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Zeyu Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Shaokui Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Ao Zhou
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Hongbo Chen
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China
| | - Yulan Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science, Laboratory of Genetic Breeding, Reproduction and Precision Livestock Farming, Hubei Provincial Center of Technology Innovation for Domestic Animal Breeding, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, 430023, China.
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Yang B, Tan ML, Zhang R, Singh D, Leong Bin Abdullah MFI. Kratom use disorder and unfolded protein response: Evaluating their relationship in a case control study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287466. [PMID: 37352311 PMCID: PMC10289391 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) is widely use worldwide despite its addictive potential. Although psychostimulant use has been linked to occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, data is lacking on how regular kratom use affects ER stress. This case-control study first determined differences in ER stress sensor protein expression (BiP, sXBP1, ATF4, CHOP, JNK, and p-JNK) between regular kratom users and healthy controls. Second, it evaluated the association between kratom use characteristics, targeted ER stress sensor protein expression, and "kratom use disorder" diagnosed with Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders 5th Edition (DSM-5) among regular kratom users. METHODS In total, 60 regular kratom users and 50 healthy control-group participants were recruited and administered a sociodemographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire. While participants who used kratom were also administered a kratom use characteristics questionnaire. Blood samples were collected from all participants, and targeted ER stress sensor protein expression was determined via Western blot analysis. RESULTS The study's findings revealed first that kratom users registered significantly higher protein expression in all targeted ER stress sensors compared to the control group. Second, higher protein expression of CHOP (B = 5.061, standard error [SE] = 2.547, Wald = 3.948, adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 5.382, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.071 to 9.656, p = 0.047) and p-JNK (B = 5.795, SE = 2.635, Wald = 4.544, AOR = 17.025, 95% CI = 1.395 to 24.123, p = 0.017) increased the odds of kratom use disorder occurrence. Kratom use characteristics and other ER stress sensor protein expression were not associated with kratom use disorder. CONCLUSION Regular kratom use may induce protracted ER stress, leading to the decompensation of the unfolded protein response to maintain ER homeostasis. This effect may be linked to kratom use disorder occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yang
- Department of Community Health, Advanced Medical and Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Mei Lan Tan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
| | - Ruiling Zhang
- Second Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan, China
| | - Darshan Singh
- Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia
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Ileriturk M, Kandemir FM. Carvacrol protects against λ-Cyhalothrin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity by modulating oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023. [PMID: 36947485 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
λ-Cyhalothrin, a type II synthetic pyrethroid, has been widely used in households, agriculture, public health, and gardening to control insect pests. Despite its widespread usage, it is known to induce a variety of adverse effects, including hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The goal of this study was to investigate the protective effect of carvacrol, which has antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and some other properties, on λ-Cyhalothrin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity 35 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups for this purpose: I-Control group: II-CRV group (50 mg/kg carvacrol), III-LCT group (6.23 mg/kg LCT), IV-LCT + CRV 25 group (6.23 mg/kg LCT + 25 mg/kg carvacrol), and V-LCT + CRV 50 group (6.23 mg/kg LCT + 50 mg/kg carvacrol). Using biochemical, real-time PCR, and western blotting methods, the collected tissues were analyzed. While λ-Cyhalothrin treatment increased MDA levels, which are indicated of lipid peroxidation, but reduced SOD, CAT, GPx activities, and GSH levels. After receiving carvacrol therapy, the degree of oxidative stress reduced as the values of these parameters approached those of the control group. Increased inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy with λ-Cyhalothrin administration reduced with carvacrol co-administration, and liver and kidney tissues were protected from damage, depending on the degree of oxidative stress. After considering all of these data, it was discovered that λ-Cyhalothrin-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and autophagy in the liver and kidneys; however, carvacrol protected the tissues from damage. Our findings indicate that carvacrol may be a promising protective agent in λ-Cyhalothrin-induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Ileriturk
- Department of Animal Science, Horasan Vocational College, Ataturk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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Gur C, Kandemir FM. Molecular and biochemical investigation of the protective effects of rutin against liver and kidney toxicity caused by malathion administration in a rat model. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:555-565. [PMID: 36346126 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Widely used malathion (MLT) causes environmental pollution, leading to toxicity in many living things, including humans. Rutin (RUT) is a flavonoid with various biological properties. In the present study, the protective effects of rutin against liver and kidney toxicity caused by malathion were investigated. In the study, MLT (100 mg/kg) and RUT (50 or 100 mg/kg) were administered to rats alone or in combination for 28 days. Then, oxidative stress, inflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS), apoptosis, and autophagy markers in liver and kidney tissues were analyzed by biochemical and molecular methods. The results showed that MLT caused oxidative stress in both tissues, while RUT showed antioxidant properties and protected these tissues from oxidative damage. Moreover, MLT upregulated the expressions of ATF-6, PERK, IRE1, GRP78, and CHOP, leading to ERS. However, RUT alleviated ER stress and suppressed these markers. The study also found that MLT increased inflammatory, apoptotic, and autophagic markers. All these factors affected liver and kidney functions and caused an increase in plasma ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels. On the other hand, it has been observed that RUT may protect liver and kidney tissues from the destructive effect of MLT by showing anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, and anti-autophagic properties. Thus, it was determined that ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels decreased after RUT treatment. As a result, it was observed that MLT had a toxic effect on the liver and kidney tissues of rats, and it was determined that this toxicity could be alleviated by RUT treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cihan Gur
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Fatih Mehmet Kandemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Biochemistry, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey
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10
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Ajoolabady A, Kaplowitz N, Lebeaupin C, Kroemer G, Kaufman RJ, Malhi H, Ren J. Endoplasmic reticulum stress in liver diseases. Hepatology 2023; 77:619-639. [PMID: 35524448 PMCID: PMC9637239 DOI: 10.1002/hep.32562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an intracellular organelle that fosters the correct folding of linear polypeptides and proteins, a process tightly governed by the ER-resident enzymes and chaperones. Failure to shape the proper 3-dimensional architecture of proteins culminates in the accumulation of misfolded or unfolded proteins within the ER, disturbs ER homeostasis, and leads to canonically defined ER stress. Recent studies have elucidated that cellular perturbations, such as lipotoxicity, can also lead to ER stress. In response to ER stress, the unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to reestablish ER homeostasis ("adaptive UPR"), or, conversely, to provoke cell death when ER stress is overwhelmed and sustained ("maladaptive UPR"). It is well documented that ER stress contributes to the onset and progression of multiple hepatic pathologies including NAFLD, alcohol-associated liver disease, viral hepatitis, liver ischemia, drug toxicity, and liver cancers. Here, we review key studies dealing with the emerging role of ER stress and the UPR in the pathophysiology of liver diseases from cellular, murine, and human models. Specifically, we will summarize current available knowledge on pharmacological and non-pharmacological interventions that may be used to target maladaptive UPR for the treatment of nonmalignant liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Ajoolabady
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Neil Kaplowitz
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease, Department of Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
- USC Research Center for Liver Disease, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Cynthia Lebeaupin
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Guido Kroemer
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Equipe labellisée par la Ligue contre le cancer, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, Inserm U1138, Institut Universitaire de France, Paris, France
- Metabolomics and Cell Biology Platforms, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
- Pôle de Biologie, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Randal J. Kaufman
- Degenerative Diseases Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Harmeet Malhi
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Jun Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Institute for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
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Wang W, Guan J, Feng Y, Nie L, Xu Y, Xu H, Fu F. Polystyrene microplastics induced nephrotoxicity associated with oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum stress in juvenile rats. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1059660. [PMID: 36687698 PMCID: PMC9853403 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1059660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Unintended intake of microplastic particles has been demonstrated to exert adverse health effects, however, studies on relevant nephrotoxicity in juvenile mammals are lacking. Methods Therefore, we investigated the potential nephrotoxicity of oral-exposed polystyrene microplastics (PSMPs) (1,000 nm, 2.0 mg/kg/d) for 28 days in juvenile rats. Levels of oxidative stress, inflammation, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in kidneys were analyzed. Results and discussion Results revealed that PSMPs noticeably decreased the growth rate of bodyweight, and organ index of the kidney, cardiac, and ovary. The intestinal injury caused by PSMPs exposure was also observed, which was distinctly alleviated with N-acetyl-cysteine (NAC) and Salubrinal (Sal) treatment compared with the single PSMPs group. PSMPs caused histological lesions of the kidney via disrupting the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), and pro-inflammatory mediators IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, PSMPs exposure induced ER stress and inflammation presumably potentially mediated by oxidative stress in kidneys of rats. Eventually, PSMPs also promoted renal cells apoptosis, manifested as an obvious increase in the number of positive cells for the dUTP nick end labeling of Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase, which also can be confirmed by the elevated expression of genes associated with apoptosis Bcl-2, Bax, Caspase-12, Caspase-9, Caspase-3, and IHC score of Caspase-12 in the PSMPs group. Supplementation of NAC and Sal not only ameliorated the PSMPs-induced oxidative stress and ER stress but also the inflammation and apoptosis in the kidney. Collectively, this study suggested that PSMPs caused nephrotoxicity in juvenile rats potentially through oxidative damage and ER stress, which call for greater efforts to be taken on regulating the PSMPs ingestion in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhen Wang
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Jiafu Guan
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yueying Feng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Liju Nie
- Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital, Nanchang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Hengyi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,*Correspondence: Hengyi Xu, ,
| | - Fen Fu
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China,Fen Fu,
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12
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Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Hepatitis B Virus and Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Viruses 2022; 14:v14122630. [PMID: 36560634 PMCID: PMC9780809 DOI: 10.3390/v14122630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, a type of cellular stress, always occurs when unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulating in the ER exceed the protein folding capacity. Because of the demand for rapid viral protein synthesis after viral infection, viral infections become a risk factor for ER stress. The hepatocyte is a cell with large and well-developed ER, and hepatitis virus infection is widespread in the population, indicating the interaction between hepatitis viruses and ER stress may have significance for managing liver diseases. In this paper, we review the process that is initiated by the hepatocyte through ER stress against HBV and HCV infection and explain how this information can be helpful in the treatment of HBV/HCV-related diseases.
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13
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Role of ER Stress in Xenobiotic-Induced Liver Diseases and Hepatotoxicity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4640161. [PMID: 36388166 PMCID: PMC9652065 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4640161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
The liver is a highly metabolic organ and plays a crucial role in the transportation, storage, and/or detoxication of xenobiotics. Liver damage induced by xenobiotics (e.g., heavy metal, endocrine disrupting chemicals, Chinese herbal medicine, or nanoparticles) has become a pivotal reason for liver diseases, leading to great clinical challenge and much attention for the past decades. Given that endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the prominent organelle involved in hepatic metabolism, ER dysfunction, namely, ER stress, is clearly observed in various liver diseases. In response to ER stress, a conserved adaptive signaling pathway known as unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated to restore ER homeostasis. However, the prolonged ER stress with UPR eventually leads to the death of hepatocytes, which is a pathogenic event in many hepatic diseases. Therefore, analyzing the perturbation in the activation or inhibition of ER stress and the UPR signaling pathway is likely an effective marker for investigating the molecular mechanisms behind the toxic effects of xenobiotics on the liver. We review the role of ER stress in hepatic diseases and xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity, which not only provides a theoretical basis for further understanding the pathogenesis of liver diseases and the mechanisms of hepatotoxicity induced by xenobiotics but also presents a potential target for the prevention and treatment of xenobiotic-related liver diseases.
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14
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The Targeting of Noncoding RNAs by Quercetin in Cancer Prevention and Therapy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:4330681. [PMID: 35656022 PMCID: PMC9155922 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4330681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The dietary flavonoid quercetin is ubiquitously distributed in fruits, vegetables, and medicinal herbs. Quercetin has been a focal point in recent years due to its versatile health-promoting benefits and high pharmacological values. It has well documented that quercetin exerts anticancer actions by inhibiting cell proliferation, inducing apoptosis, and retarding the invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the exact mechanism of quercetin-mediated cancer chemoprevention is still not fully understood. With the advances in high-throughput sequencing technologies, the intricate oncogenic signaling networks have been gradually characterized. Increasing evidence on the close association between noncoding RNA (ncRNAs) and cancer etiopathogenesis emphasizes the potential of ncRNAs as promising molecular targets for cancer treatment. Available experimental studies indicate that quercetin can dominate multiple cancer-associated ncRNAs, hence repressing carcinogenesis and cancer development. Thus, modulation of ncRNAs serves as a key mechanism responsible for the anticancer effects of quercetin. In this review, we focus on the chemopreventive effects of quercetin on cancer pathogenesis by targeting cancer-relevant ncRNAs, supporting the viewpoint that quercetin holds promise as a drug candidate for cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy. An in-depth comprehension of the interplay between quercetin and ncRNAs in the inhibition of cancer development and progression will raise the possibility of developing this bioactive compound as an anticancer agent that could be highly efficacious and safe in clinical practice.
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15
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Pan PH, Wang YY, Lin SY, Liao SL, Chen YF, Huang WC, Chen CJ, Chen WY. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic Acid Protects against Cholestatic Liver Injury in Bile Duct-Ligated Rats. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11050961. [PMID: 35624826 PMCID: PMC9138139 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11050961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid is a nutraceutical agent with promising hepatoprotective effects. Its protective mechanisms against cholestatic liver injury were further investigated in a rodent model of extrahepatic cholestasis caused by Bile Duct Ligation (BDL) in rats. The daily oral administration of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid improved liver histology, serum biochemicals, ductular reaction, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, impaired autophagy, and fibrosis. 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid alleviated the BDL-induced hepatic and systemic retention of bile acids, matrix-producing cell activation, hepatic collagen deposition, Transforming Growth Factor beta-1/Smad activation, malondialdehyde elevation, glutathione reduction, High Mobility Group Box-1/Toll-Like Receptor-4 activation, NF-κB activation, inflammatory cell infiltration/accumulation, Interleukin-1β expression, Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription-1 activation, Endoplasmic Reticulum stress, impairment autophagy, and caspase 3 activation. Conversely, the protein expression of Sirt1, Farnesoid X Receptor, nuclear NF-E2-Related Factor-2, Transcription Factor EB, bile acid efflux transporters, and LC3-II, as well as the protein phosphorylation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase, was promoted in 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid-treated BDL rats. The hepatoprotective effects of 18β-Glycyrrhetinic acid in the present investigation correlated well with co-activation and possible interactions among Sirt, FXR, and Nrf2. The concurrent or concomitant activation of Sirt1, FXR, and Nrf2 not only restored the homeostatic regulation of bile acid metabolism, but also alleviated oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, impaired autophagy, and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pin-Ho Pan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (P.-H.P.); (W.-C.H.)
- Department of Pediatrics, Tungs’ Taichung MetroHarbor Hospital, Taichung City 435, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yu Wang
- Department of Family Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
| | - Shih-Yi Lin
- Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei City 112, Taiwan
| | - Su-Lan Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Fang Chen
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung City 840, Taiwan;
| | - Wei-Chi Huang
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (P.-H.P.); (W.-C.H.)
| | - Chun-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City 407, Taiwan;
- Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, China Medical University, Taichung City 404, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-J.C.); (W.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-4-23592525 (ext. 4022) (C.-J.C.); +886-4-2284-0368 (W.-Y.C.)
| | - Wen-Ying Chen
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 402, Taiwan; (P.-H.P.); (W.-C.H.)
- Correspondence: (C.-J.C.); (W.-Y.C.); Tel.: +886-4-23592525 (ext. 4022) (C.-J.C.); +886-4-2284-0368 (W.-Y.C.)
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16
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Yue H, Wang P, Zhang L, Ning D, Cai W, Wang Y, Wang J. Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus alleviates CCL4-induced liver injury via downregulation of the IRE-α/NF-κB signaling pathway. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13964. [PMID: 34730246 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemical liver injury is a common cause of liver disease primarily characterized by oxidative stress and inflammation. Sialoglycoproteins isolated from the eggs of Carassius auratus (Ca-SGP) have been proved to exhibit the antioxidant effect. However, the effect of Ca-SGP on liver injury remains unclear. Thus, this study was aimed to determine the effect of Ca-SGP on CCL4-induced chronic chemical liver injury and explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Results showed that Ca-SGP mitigated the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, inhibited the systemic oxidative stress, and reduced the levels of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β. Histologic results showed that Ca-SGP supplements alleviated hepatocyte necrosis and liver macrophage infiltration. Further, Ca-SGP supplement decreased endoplasmic reticulum stress-related proteins expression, including BiP, IRE-α, p-IRE-α, and TRAF2, and further inhibited the trigger of the NF-κB pathway. In summary, Ca-SGP might be a novel agent for liver injury treatment, and its potential mechanism was related to the inhibition of liver inflammation induced by the endoplasmic reticulum. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: The fish egg is an important by-product in fish processing. Carassius auratus is a common freshwater fish with large catches and low prices. However, the eggs of C. auratus are usually direct discard or processed into salted roe products, and the quality and value of these salted products are unsatisfactory. In this current study, we confirmed that sialoglycoproteins isolated from the C. auratus eggs have the potential for the treatment of liver injury and determined that its mechanism is related to the endoplasmic reticulum and inflammation, which put forward a new idea for solving the by-product of fish processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Yue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Peng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Ding Ning
- Malvern College Qingdao, Qingdao, China
| | - Weizhen Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yanchao Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Jingfeng Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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17
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Li Y, Lv H, Xue C, Dong N, Bi C, Shan A. Plant Polyphenols: Potential Antidotes for Lead Exposure. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:3960-3976. [PMID: 33236294 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02498-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Lead is one of the most common heavy metal elements and has high biological toxicity. Long-term lead exposure will induce the contamination of animal feed, water, and food, which can cause chronic lead poisoning including nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, neurotoxicity, and reproductive toxicity in humans and animals. In the past few decades, lead has caused widespread concern because of its significant threat to health. A large number of in vitro and animal experiments have shown that oxidative stress plays a key role in lead toxicity, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway can also be induced by lead toxicity. Therefore, plant polyphenols have attracted attention, with their advantages of being natural antioxidants and having low toxicity. Plant polyphenols can resist lead toxicity by chelating lead with their special chemical molecular structure. In addition, scavenging active oxygen and improving the level of antioxidant enzymes, anti-inflammatory, and anti-apoptosis are also the key to relieving lead poisoning by plant polyphenols. Various plant polyphenols have been suggested to be useful in alleviating lead toxicity in animals and humans and are believed to have good application prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Lv
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenyu Xue
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Na Dong
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chongpeng Bi
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
| | - Anshan Shan
- The Laboratory of Molecular Nutrition and Immunity, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People's Republic of China
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18
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Zhou Y, Xue M, Jiang Y, Zhang M, Wang C, Wang X, Yu G, Tang Z. Beneficial Effects of Quercetin on Microcystin-LR Induced Tight Junction Defects. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:733993. [PMID: 34566654 PMCID: PMC8462518 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.733993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin has numerous functions including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects. The beneficial effect of quercetin against microcystin-LR (MC-LR)-induced testicular tight junctions (TJs) defects in vitro and in vivo were investigated. Significant reductions in transepithelial electrical resistance, occludin, and zonula occludens-1(ZO-1) levels were detected in the MC-LR-treated TM4 cells, and quercetin attenuated these effects. Interestingly, quercetin suppressed MC-LR-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase B (AKT). It effectively inhibited the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells stimulated by MC-LR. In addition, ROS inhibitors blocked the TJ damage that is dependent on the AKT signaling pathway induced by MC-LR. In conclusion, our results suggest that alleviates MC-LR-impaired TJs by suppressing the ROS-regulated activation of the AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhou
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mei Xue
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine·College of Intergrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunfei Jiang
- Department of Emergency, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, China
| | - Miaomiao Zhang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Changming Wang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xuyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated 6th People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Guang Yu
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zongxiang Tang
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine & Holistic Integrative Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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19
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Qader A, Rehman K, Akash MSH. Genetic susceptibility of δ-ALAD associated with lead (Pb) intoxication: sources of exposure, preventive measures, and treatment interventions. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 28:44818-44832. [PMID: 34244947 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-15323-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (δ-ALAD) is involved in the synthesis of haem and exhibits a polymorphic nature. δ-ALAD polymorphism produces two alleles, namely δ-ALAD-1 and δ-ALAD-2, which in turn produce three different phenotypes, namely δ-ALAD1-1, δ-ALAD1-2, and δ-ALAD2-2. δ-ALAD gene is more susceptible to lead (Pb) toxicity than any other genes. Its genotype and phenotype frequencies change with respect to different geographical areas and extent of Pb exposure. The δ-ALAD-2 allele dominancy is linked with high concentration of lead in the body. It has also been thought that the δ-ALAD-2 allele can provoke Pb toxicity by producing a protein that binds more tightly with Pb than δ-ALAD-1 protein. However, few evidences suggest that δ-ALAD-2 may reduce harmful effects by increasing excretion of Pb from the body, thus producing its unavailability towards pathophysiologic alterations. However, the recent evidences have supported that the individuals who are heterozygote for the δ-ALAD-1 allele may be associated with a higher risk of long-term Pb toxicity. In this regard, the individuals who are exposed at occupational levels are among the most frequent study population. The main objective of our study was to explore the gene susceptibility associated with Pb poisoning. Moreover, this study also summarizes various sources of Pb exposure and thereafter outlined multiple strategies to minimize the Pb toxicity in order to save the exposed residential communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Qader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Kanwal Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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20
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Cai P, Zhu Q, Cao Q, Bai Y, Zou H, Gu J, Yuan Y, Liu X, Liu Z, Bian J. Quercetin and Allicin Can Alleviate the Hepatotoxicity of Lead (Pb) through the PI3K Signaling Pathway. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:9451-9460. [PMID: 34372660 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c03794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a common toxic heavy metal pollutant in the environment that seriously endangers the health of animals. The liver is a key target organ affected by Pb toxicity. Plant extracts allicin and quercetin have a strong antioxidant capacity that can promote the excretion of heavy metals by improving the body's antioxidant defense and chelating heavy metal ions. To explore the preventive and therapeutic effects of allicin and quercetin on Pb poisoning in chickens, 96 chickens were randomly divided into eight groups: control, Pb, allicin, quercetin, allicin + quercetin, Pb + allicin, Pb + quercetin, and Pb + allicin + quercetin groups. The chickens were given feed containing the above treatments for 90 days. The results indicated that Pb can affect the growth and development of the liver, damage the circulatory system, destroy the structure of mitochondria and nuclei in liver cells, cause an imbalance in the oxidation system, inhibit PI3K protein, and activate the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Allicin and quercetin, alone or in combination, can improve the antioxidant capacity of the liver and alleviate liver tissue damage caused by Pb. In summary, allicin and quercetin could alleviate oxidative damage and apoptosis in the Pb-poisoned chicken liver through the PI3K signaling pathway, with stronger effects achieved by their combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peirong Cai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qihang Zhu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qianying Cao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuni Bai
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Zou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianhong Gu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yan Yuan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuezhong Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianchun Bian
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety of the Ministry of Education of China, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
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21
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Chen JH, Wu CH, Chiang CK. Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Proteostasis in Kidney Disease and Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168674. [PMID: 34445377 PMCID: PMC8395452 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathological insults usually disturb the folding capacity of cellular proteins and lead to the accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), which leads to so-called “ER stress”. Increasing evidence indicates that ER stress acts as a trigger factor for the development and progression of many kidney diseases. The unfolded protein responses (UPRs), a set of molecular signals that resume proteostasis under ER stress, are thought to restore the adaptive process in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and renal fibrosis. Furthermore, the idea of targeting UPRs for CKD treatment has been well discussed in the past decade. This review summarizes the up-to-date literature regarding studies on the relationship between the UPRs, systemic fibrosis, and renal diseases. We also address the potential therapeutic possibilities of renal diseases based on the modulation of UPRs and ER proteostasis. Finally, we list some of the current UPR modulators and their therapeutic potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Huang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
| | - Chia-Hsien Wu
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Physiology of Visceral Function and Body Fluid, Nagasaki University Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Chih-Kang Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Toxicology, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei 100233, Taiwan; (J.-H.C.); (C.-H.W.)
- Department of Integrated Diagnostics & Therapeutics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei 100225, Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10672, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-2-2312-3456 (ext. 88347)
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22
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Ghafouri-Fard S, Shoorei H, Khanbabapour Sasi A, Taheri M, Ayatollahi SA. The impact of the phytotherapeutic agent quercetin on expression of genes and activity of signaling pathways. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 141:111847. [PMID: 34198048 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid existing in different herbs, fruits, seeds, nuts and tea. It has beneficial effects on human health through mediating antioxidant activities, immune-modulatory impacts and regulating metabolic pathways. These effects are most probably induced through modulation of activity of signaling pathways and expression of genes. Several in vitro studies have verified anti-proliferative effects of quercetin and its effect on expression of apoptotic genes and cell cycle-related genes. Moreover, through modulation of a number of proteins such as NF-kB, PARP, STAT3, Bax, Bcl-2, COX2, and cytokines, quercetin has beneficial effects in neurodegenerative disorders, liver diseases and diabetes. PI3K/AKT is the mostly linked pathway with beneficial effects of quercetin. In the current manuscript, we explain the impact of quercetin on expression of genes and function of cellular signaling cascades in different contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Shoorei
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Ali Khanbabapour Sasi
- Biochemistry Group, School of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taheri
- Skull Base Research Center, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyed Abdulmajid Ayatollahi
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacognosy and Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Reja D, Makar M, Visaria A, Karanfilian B, Rustgi V. Blood lead level is associated with advanced liver fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A nationwide survey (NHANES 2011-2016). Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:404-410. [PMID: 32376236 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2020.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is linked to obesity and metabolic syndrome, but increasing evidence also implicates environmental toxins. In this study, we aim to show that in elevated blood Lead levels in NAFLD patients result in worsening liver fibrosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30,172 patients from NHANES 2011-2016 met inclusion criteria. 2499 patients ages 20-74 were identified with NAFLD as determined by the Fatty Liver Index score, and 425 with advanced liver fibrosis were identified using the NAFLD Fibrosis Score. Simple linear regression, Student's T-test, and Rao-Scott Chi-Square test was used for continuous and categorical variables. Multivariate regression analysis was used to adjust for confounders to determine odds of Advanced Fibrosis. RESULTS Increased serum Lead level was independently associated with increased risk of Advanced Fibrosis (OR 5.93, 95% CI 2.88-12.24) in the highest Lead quartile (Q4). In subgroup analysis stratified by BMI, a significant association between advanced liver fibrosis and blood Lead levels was consistently present, Q4 (OR 5.78, 95% CI 0.97-33.63) and Q4 (OR 6.04, 95% CI 2.92-12.48) in BMI <30 and >30, respectively. Increased Lead exposure was also evident in patients who were older, less educated, male, and drank alcohol and smoked tobacco. CONCLUSIONS Our findings show that advanced liver fibrosis is up to six times more likely in NAFLD patients with increased Lead exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debashis Reja
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, United States.
| | - Michael Makar
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Aayush Visaria
- Rutgers New Jersey Medical School, 185 South Orange Avenue, Newark, NJ, United States
| | - Briette Karanfilian
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Department of Internal Medicine, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Vinod Rustgi
- Center for Liver Diseases and Masses, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson School of Medicine, 1 Robert Wood Johnson Place, New Brunswick, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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Tong J, Zhang Y, Yu P, Liu J, Mei X, Meng J. Protective Effect of Hydrogen Gas on Mouse Hind Limb Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury. J Surg Res 2021; 266:148-159. [PMID: 33992001 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2021.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanism of hydrogen gas on hind limb IR injury. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into three groups: sham group (Sham), ischemia-reperfusion group (IR), IR plus H2 inhalation group (IR + H2). IR was induced by interrupting hind limb blood flow for 3h, followed by 4h of reperfusion, and H2 was administered by inhalation throughout the reperfusion process. Our data show that H2 inhalation could significantly decrease the infarct-affected tissue volume (P < 0.05), attenuate the degree of morphological injury (P < 0.05), and suppress the level of oxidative stress damage (P < 0.05), compared with the IR group. In exploring the underlying mechanisms, we found that hydrogen could markedly mitigate the degree of IR-induced ER stress and apoptosis (P < 0.05). Additionally, hydrogen could markedly inhibit the IR injury by modulating the phosphorylated c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) signaling pathway (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these results revealed the protective effect of hydrogen gas on hind limb ischemia reperfusion injury on mice by attenuating oxidative stress, impairing ER stress and apoptosis, and its ability to modulate JNK signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Tong
- Deportment of Orthopedic, Taizhou People's Hospital, NO.366 TaiHu Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic, Jinling Hospital, the first School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Pan Yu
- Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, East Region Military Command General Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210000, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Deportment of Orthopedic, Taizhou People's Hospital, NO.366 TaiHu Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - XiaoLiang Mei
- Deportment of Orthopedic, Taizhou People's Hospital, NO.366 TaiHu Road, Taizhou, 225300, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jia Meng
- Department of Orthopedics, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, China.
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Renu K, Chakraborty R, Myakala H, Koti R, Famurewa AC, Madhyastha H, Vellingiri B, George A, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. Molecular mechanism of heavy metals (Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel and Cadmium) - induced hepatotoxicity - A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 271:129735. [PMID: 33736223 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.129735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals pose a serious threat if they go beyond permissible limits in our bodies. Much heavy metal's viz. Lead, Chromium, Arsenic, Mercury, Nickel, and Cadmium pose a serious threat when they go beyond permissible limits and cause hepatotoxicity. They cause the generation of ROS which in turn causes numerous injuries and undesirable changes in the liver. Epidemiological studies have shown an increase in the levels of such heavy metals in the environment posing a serious threat to human health. Epigenetic alterations have been seen in the event of exposure to such heavy metals. Apoptosis, caspase activation as well as ultrastructural changes in the hepatocytes have also been seen due to heavy metals. Inflammation involving TNF-alpha, pro-inflammatory cytokines, MAPK, ERK pathways have been seen in the event of heavy metal hepatotoxicity. All these have shown that these heavy metals pose a serious threat to human health in particular and the environment as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rituraj Chakraborty
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Haritha Myakala
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Rajeshwari Koti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India
| | - Ademola C Famurewa
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Alex Ekwueme Federal University, Ndufu-Alike lkwo, Nigeria
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, 889 1692, Japan
| | - Balachandar Vellingiri
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Alex George
- Jubilee Centre for Medical Research, Jubilee Mission Medical College and Research Institute, Thrissur, Kerala, India
| | - Abilash Valsala Gopalakrishnan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT), Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
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Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Celtis tournefortii fruit extract (Ct) against copper-induced liver damage in rats. Thirty-two Wistar Albino rats were divided into four equal groups (n = 8): Control, Copper (Cu), Copper + C. tournefortii (Cu+Ct), and C. tournefortii (Ct). Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH) concentration, malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant status (TAS) and total oxidant status (TOS) were analysed in the liver tissues. Liver histopathology was also evaluated. Alanine aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase significantly decreased in the Cu+Ct group compared with the Cu group. Oxidative stress parameters MDA and TOS significantly increased with copper administration, whereas they decreased with C. tournefortii co-treatment compared to Cu group. GSH concentration and TAS showed significant decreases with copper administration. Celtis tournefortii co-supplementation with copper significantly enhanced antioxidant parameters such as TAS, SOD, and GPx. Celtis tournefortii remarkably attenuated degenerative and necrotic changes caused by the oral exposure of copper in the liver tissue of rats. Celtis tournefortii may provide amelioration of the antioxidant status and moderation of severity of liver damage against copper toxicity. The therapeutic use of C. tournefortii may exhibit protective effects in liver injury treatment.
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Song Y, Sun H, Gao S, Tang K, Zhao Y, Xie G, Gao H. Saikosaponin a attenuates lead-induced kidney injury through activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 242:108945. [PMID: 33278595 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Saikosaponin a (SSa), a triterpene saponin extracted from Bupleurumfalcatum L., has been reported to have anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, we investigated the effects of SSa on lead-induced kidney injury in common carp. Kidney histological changes were detected by H&E staining. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, MDA, GSH, and SOD activity were also measured. Furthermore, the NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways were tested by western blot analysis. The results showed that lead-induced kidney histological change was attenuated by SSa. Lead-induced TNF-α, IL-1β, MPO, and MDA production were also suppressed by SSa. Meanwhile, lead could decrease GSH level and SOD activity and the decreases were inhibited by SSa. Furthermore, we found SSa significantly inhibited lead-induced NF-κB translocation. In addition, the expression of Nrf2 and HO-1 were increased by the treatment of SSa and Keap1 expression was decreased by SSa. In conclusion, this study indicated that SSa inhibited lead-induced kidney injury in carp through suppressing inflammatory and oxidative responses, and the mechanism may be involved in the inhibition of NF-κB and activation of Nrf2 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Song
- Department of Nephrology, The Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Haowen Sun
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Siyuan Gao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Ke Tang
- Department of Electrical Diagnosis, The Second hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yao Zhao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Guanghong Xie
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hang Gao
- Department of Bone and Joint Surgery, The First hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China.
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Jantan I, Haque MA, Arshad L, Harikrishnan H, Septama AW, Mohamed-Hussein ZA. Dietary polyphenols suppress chronic inflammation by modulation of multiple inflammation-associated cell signaling pathways. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 93:108634. [PMID: 33794330 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The high failure rate of the reductionist approach to discover effective and safe drugs to treat chronic inflammatory diseases has led scientists to seek alternative ways. Recently, targeting cell signaling pathways has been utilized as an innovative approach to discover drug leads from natural products. Cell signaling mechanisms have been identified playing key role in diverse diseases by inducing proliferation, cell survival and apoptosis. Phytochemicals are known to be able to modulate the cellular and molecular networks which are associated to chronic diseases including cancer-associated inflammation. In this review, the roles of dietary polyphenols (apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, curcumin, genistein, isoliquiritigenin, resveratrol and gallic acid) in modulating multiple inflammation-associated cell signaling networks are deliberated. Scientific databases on suppressive effects of the polyphenols on chronic inflammation via modulation of the pathways especially in the recent five years are gathered and critically analyzed. The polyphenols are able to modulate several inflammation-associated cell signaling pathways, namely nuclear factor-kappa β, mitogen activated protein kinases, Wnt/β-catenin and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and protein kinase B via selective actions on various components of the networks. The suppressive effects of the polyphenols on the multiple cell signaling pathways reveal their potential use in prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory disorders. Understanding the mechanistic effects involved in modulation of the signaling pathways by the polyphenols is necessary for lead identification and development of future functional foods for prevention and treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Jantan
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Md Areeful Haque
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong, Bangladesh
| | - Laiba Arshad
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Hemavathy Harikrishnan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Abdi Wira Septama
- Research Center for Chemistry, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kawasan PUSPIPTEK Serpong, Tangerang Selatan, Banten, Indonesia
| | - Zeti-Azura Mohamed-Hussein
- Institute of Systems Biology (INBIOSIS), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor
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Ruan L, Li F, Li S, Zhang M, Wang F, Lv X, Liu Q. Effect of Different Exercise Intensities on Hepatocyte Apoptosis in HFD-Induced NAFLD in Rats: The Possible Role of Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress through the Regulation of the IRE1/JNK and eIF2 α/CHOP Signal Pathways. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6378568. [PMID: 33815655 PMCID: PMC7987464 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6378568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of different-intensity exercise on lipid metabolism, oxidative stress, hepatocyte injury, and apoptosis and the related protein expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease rats. METHOD 50 male Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 months old, were randomly divided into the normal control (CON) group, high-fat diet (HFD) group, low-intensity exercise (LIE) group, moderate-intensity exercise (MIE) group, and incremental-intensity exercise (IIE) group. Blood lipids were tested by the automatic biochemical analyzer. The changes in liver tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining (HE). The protein expression of Bax and Bcl-2 was detected by the immunohistochemical method. The apoptosis of hepatocytes was detected by the TUNEL method. The protein expression of GRP78, Caspase-3, IRE1, p-IRE1, JNK1, CHOP, PERK, eIF2α, and ATF4 was detected by Western blotting. RESULTS Our study showed that compared with the HFD group, TG, TC, FFA, and LDL-c were reduced in all exercise groups. The different exercise intensities could reduce the protein expression of ATF4, Bax, and hepatocyte apoptosis. Meanwhile, the antioxidant function and Bcl-2 were increased. However, the moderate-intensity exercise demonstrated more effect on improving the antioxidant capacity and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. Compared with the HFD group, Caspase-3 and JNK were significantly decreased in all exercise groups (P < 0.01) and CHOP was decreased in the LIE and MIE groups (P < 0.05). IRE1, eIF2α, the ratio of p-IRE1/IRE1 (P < 0.01), and ATF4 were decreased (P < 0.05) in the MIE group. Compared with the IIE group, p-IRE1 was decreased (P < 0.05) in the MIE group. GRP78 had no significant difference among the exercise groups. CONCLUSION Exercise at different intensities improved blood lipid and hepatic injury in NAFLD rats. However, the body weight of the rats in each exercise group was not significantly different. Moderate-intensity exercise demonstrated more effect on improving the antioxidant ability and inhibiting hepatocyte apoptosis. The possible mechanism depends on the regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress signaling pathways IRE1/JNK and eIF2α/CHOP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ruan
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Fanghui Li
- School of Sports Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shoubang Li
- Department of Physical Education, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- School of Sports and Health Sciences, Xi'an Physical Education University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Feng Wang
- Ankang Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xianli Lv
- School of Physical Education, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qin Liu
- School of Physical Education, Ankang University, Ankang, Shaanxi, China
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30
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Pereira CMC, Júnior GJD, Lima JVDN, Alves Lemos SI, da Rocha Rodrigues L, Dos Santos Ferreira J, Araújo ASML, de Oliveira JC, Monteiro CE, Franco ÁX, Pereira Alves EH, Oliveira Silva FG, de Carvalho Filgueiras M, Soares PMG, Pereira Vasconcelos DF, de Oliveira JS, de Brito TV, Barbosa ALR. Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma participates in nimesulide-induced hepatic damage. J Pharm Pharmacol 2021; 73:496-504. [PMID: 33793830 DOI: 10.1093/jpp/rgaa049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the participation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway in the liver damage caused by nimesulide. METHODS Liver damage been induced by nimesulide. Mice were treated with either 2% dimethyl sulfoxide or AS605240, a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma pathway antagonist. Blood samples were collected for function assays of liver. The liver was removed for analysis of liver weight/animal weight ratio, histopathological parameters, oxidative and nitrous stress, cytokine levels, and the immunostaining for cyclooxygenase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B. KEY FINDINGS Liver injured by nimesulide and treated with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma inhibitor significantly reversed (P < 0.05) the damage; it decreased the liver weight/animal weight ratio, histopathological scores, and neutrophil infiltration, consequently reducing oxidative stress. In addition, we show that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma is associated with hepatic damage induced by nimesulide, because it altered liver function and increased the protein immunostaining of cyclooxygenase 2 and nuclear factor kappa B in the liver tissue of nimesulide-treated animals. CONCLUSIONS The findings from the present study allows us to infer that nimesulide causes liver damage through the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase gamma pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Maria C Pereira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Genilson José Dias Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - José Victor do N Lima
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Sarah Izabelly Alves Lemos
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Lauanda da Rocha Rodrigues
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jayro Dos Santos Ferreira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Anna Sofia Miranda Loiola Araújo
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Joveline Costa de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Monteiro
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract (LEFFAG), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Álvaro Xavier Franco
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract (LEFFAG), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Even Herlany Pereira Alves
- Laboratory of Analysis and Histological Processing (LAPHIS), Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Francisca Géssica Oliveira Silva
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract (LEFFAG), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Marcelo de Carvalho Filgueiras
- Laboratory of Muscle Morphology and Physiology (LAMFIM), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Pedro M G Soares
- Laboratory of Physiopharmacology Study of Gastrointestinal Tract (LEFFAG), Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernando Pereira Vasconcelos
- Laboratory of Analysis and Histological Processing (LAPHIS), Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Jefferson Soares de Oliveira
- Biochemistry Laboratory of Laticifers Plants (LABPL), Department of Biomedicine, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - Tarcisio Vieira de Brito
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Reis Barbosa
- Laboratory of Experimental Physiopharmacology (LAFFEX), Department of Physioterapy, Federal University of the Parnaíba Delta, Parnaíba, Piauí, Brazil
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Paithankar JG, Saini S, Dwivedi S, Sharma A, Chowdhuri DK. Heavy metal associated health hazards: An interplay of oxidative stress and signal transduction. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 262:128350. [PMID: 33182141 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 225] [Impact Index Per Article: 75.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metal-induced cellular and organismal toxicity have become a major health concern in biomedical science. Indiscriminate use of heavy metals in different sectors, such as, industrial-, agricultural-, healthcare-, cosmetics-, and domestic-sectors has contaminated environment matrices and poses a severe health concern. Xenobiotics mediated effect is a ubiquitous cellular response. Oxidative stress is one such prime cellular response, which is the result of an imbalance in the redox system. Further, oxidative stress is associated with macromolecular damages and activation of several cell survival and cell death pathways. Epidemiological as well as laboratory data suggest that oxidative stress-induced cellular response following heavy metal exposure is linked with an increased risk of neoplasm, neurological disorders, diabetes, infertility, developmental disorders, renal failure, and cardiovascular disease. During the recent past, a relation among heavy metal exposure, oxidative stress, and signaling pathways have been explored to understand the heavy metal-induced toxicity. Heavy metal-induced oxidative stress and its connection with different signaling pathways are complicated; therefore, the systemic summary is essential. Herein, an effort has been made to decipher the interplay among heavy metals/metalloids (Arsenic, Chromium, Cadmium, and Lead) exposures, oxidative stress, and signal transduction, which are essential to mount the cellular and organismal response. The signaling pathways involved in this interplay include NF-κB, NRF2, JAK-STAT, JNK, FOXO, and HIF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jagdish Gopal Paithankar
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Sanjay Saini
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India; Molecular and Human Genetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Lucknow, Lucknow, 226007, India
| | - Shiwangi Dwivedi
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India
| | - Anurag Sharma
- Nitte (Deemed to Be University), Nitte University Centre for Science Education and Research (NUCSER), Division of Environmental Health and Toxicology, Kotekar-Beeri Road, Deralakatte, Mangaluru, 575018, India.
| | - Debapratim Kar Chowdhuri
- Embryotoxicology Laboratory, Environmental Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research (CSIR-IITR), Vishvigyan Bhawan, 31, Mahatma Gandhi Marg, Lucknow, 226001, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Sun P, Jin J, Wang L, Wang J, Zhou H, Zhang Q, Xu X. Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus infections induce autophagy in Vero cells via ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress through PERK and IRE1 pathways. Vet Microbiol 2020; 253:108959. [PMID: 33360915 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2020.108959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), the causative agent of PED, belongs to the genus Alphacoronavirus in the family Coronaviridae. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and autophagy play crucial roles in regulating a variety of cellular processes during viral infection. However, the precise role of autophagy in PEDV-infected Vero cells remains largely elusive. To elucidate how PEDV infection induces autophagy, this study ascertained whether ER stress was present in PEDV-infected Vero cells. The results showed PEDV infection significantly increased the expression of GRP78 and LC3Ⅱ. Treatment with the ER stress inhibitor 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA) could significantly inhibit PEDV-induced autophagy. Antioxidants, such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC), could significantly inhibit PEDV-induced ER stress and autophagy, indicating that ROS act as an upstream regulator of ER stress-mediated autophagy. Further research found that activation of ER stress triggered the unfolded protein response (UPR) through PERK, IRE1, and ATF6 pathways during PEDV infection. However, treatment with the PERK inhibitor GSK2606414, IRE1 inhibitor STF-083010 but not ATF6 inhibitor AEBSF reversed PEDV-induced autophagy. Taken together, the results of this study showed that accumulated ROS played an essential role in regulating ER stress-mediated autophagy during PEDV infection. We also found that PERK and IER1 pathways of UPR signalling were involved in PEDV-induced autophagy. Furthermore, PEDV induced autophagy to promote viral replication via PERK and IER1 pathways in Vero cells. These results provide the mechanism of PEDV-induced ROS-dependent ER stress-mediated autophagy in Vero cells through activating PERK and IRE1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Jian Jin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, 230036, China
| | - Lixiang Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Hongchao Zhou
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xingang Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Renu K, Saravanan A, Elangovan A, Ramesh S, Annamalai S, Namachivayam A, Abel P, Madhyastha H, Madhyastha R, Maruyama M, Balachandar V, Valsala Gopalakrishnan A. An appraisal on molecular and biochemical signalling cascades during arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Life Sci 2020; 260:118438. [PMID: 32949585 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 08/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Arsenic is a ubiquitous metalloid compound commonly found in the environment, and it is usually found in combination with sulphur and metals. Arsenic is considered as a therapeutic as well as poisoning agent since ancient times. It causes toxic effects on different organs, mainly the liver. In this review, we focused on the molecular mechanism of arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity. Here we envisaged the bridge between arsenic and hepatotoxicity with particular focus on the level of hepatic enzymes such as ALT, AST, and ALP. Here, we attempted to elucidate the role of arsenic in redox imbalance on increased oxidative stress (elevated level of ROS, MDA and NO) and decreased antioxidant levels such as reduced GSH, catalase, and SOD. Oxidative stress induces mitochondrial dysfunction via apoptosis (AKT-PKB, MAPK, PI3/AKT, PKCδ-JNK, AKT/ERK, p53 pathways), fibrosis (TGF-β/Smad pathway), and necrosis and inflammation (TNF-α, NF-ĸB, IL-1, and IL-6). Along with that, arsenic activates caspases and Bax, decreases Bcl2 through mitochondrial dysfunction, and induces apoptosis regulatory mechanism. We believe the alteration of all these pathways leads to arsenic-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaviyarasi Renu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Anusha Saravanan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Anushree Elangovan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sineka Ramesh
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Sivakumar Annamalai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Arunraj Namachivayam
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Praveena Abel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Biosciences and Technology, VIT, Vellore, Tamil Nadu 632014, India
| | - Harishkumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889 1692, Japan
| | - Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889 1692, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki 889 1692, Japan
| | - Vellingiri Balachandar
- Human Molecular Cytogenetics and Stem Cell Laboratory, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore 641 046, Tamil Nadu, India
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Ji M, Niu S, Guo J, Mi H, Jiang P. Silencing RNF13 Alleviates Parkinson’s Disease – Like Problems in Mouse Models by Regulating the Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress–Mediated IRE1α-TRAF2-ASK1-JNK Pathway. J Mol Neurosci 2020; 70:1977-1986. [DOI: 10.1007/s12031-020-01599-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Zhao L, Chen F, Zhang Y, Yue L, Guo H, Ye G, Shi F, Lv C, Jing B, Tang H, Yin Z, Fu H, Lin J, Li Y, Wang X. Involvement of P450s and nuclear receptors in the hepatoprotective effect of quercetin on liver injury by bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2020; 42:211-220. [PMID: 32253952 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2020.1742154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Objective: Quercetin (Que), a flavonoid, possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. It has been shown to protect against liver injury induced by various factors. This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of its protective effect against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- induced liver damage.Methods: Mice were pretreated with Que for 7 consecutive days and then exposed to LPS. To study the hepatoprotective effect of Que, oxidative stress parameters, inflammatory cytokine levels in liver and serum liver function indexes were examined. Protein and mRNA expression of nuclear orphan receptors and cytochrome P450 enzymes were measured by Western Blotting and qPCR, respectively.Results: Que significantly reduced circulating ALT, AST, ALP, and ameliorated LPS-induced histological alterations. In addition, Que obviously decreased markers of oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory cytokines. Furthermore, Que carried out the hepatoprotective effect via regulation of the expression of nuclear orphan receptors (CAR, PXR) and cytochrome P450 enzymes (CYP1A2, CYP2E1, CYP2D22, CYP3A11).Conclusions: Our findings suggested that Que pretreatment could ameliorate LPS-induced liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Zhao
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fang Chen
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yuanli Zhang
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Ling Yue
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hongrui Guo
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Gang Ye
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Fei Shi
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Lv
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Bo Jing
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Huaqiao Tang
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Zhongqiong Yin
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Jvchun Lin
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Yinglun Li
- Institute of Animal Veterinary, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
| | - Xun Wang
- Institute of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, P. R. China
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Wang X, Li L, Zhang G. Quercetin protects the buffalo rat liver (BRL-3A) cells from aflatoxin B1-induced cytotoxicity via activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway. WORLD MYCOTOXIN J 2020. [DOI: 10.3920/wmj2019.2465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most toxic mycotoxin widely presented in agricultural products, and the protective effect of quercetin (QUE), a natural antioxidant, against AFB1-induced cytotoxicity to the buffalo rat liver (BRL-3A) cells was investigated. With an IC50 of 23 μM, AFB1 induced a significant oxidative stress to BRL-3A cells evidenced by a dose-dependent reduction of mitochondria membrane potential (MMP), ATP content, and activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes along with increased levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation biomarker of malondialdehyde (MDA). The activity of CYP1A2, the key enzyme to convert AFB1 to reactive AFB1 exo-8,9- epoxide, was also increased, which, probably in together with ROS, led to cell apoptosis with DNA fragmentation, chromatin condensation and increased lactate dehydrogenase release. After the BRL cells were pre-treated by low level QUE (2.5 and/or 5 μM) for 24 h and then exposed to AFB1, the activities of antioxidant enzymes including haeme oxygenase-1, glutathione S-transferase, superoxide dismutase, and the ratio of reduced to oxidised glutathione were significantly increased whereas the levels of intracellular ROS and MDA were reduced. The QUE pre-treatment also increased the levels of MMP, ATP and DNA integrity, and reduced the expression of apoptosis related genes of Bax and Caspase-3. The Western blotting study revealed increased content of phosphorylated Akt and nuclear NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), indicating an activation of Nrf2-ARE pathway in counteracting oxidative stress and cytotoxicity of AFB1. Thus, the QUE pre-treatment enhanced the anti-stress capacity of the cells through the activation of the Nrf2-ARE pathway, and QUE-based measures could be developed to ameliorate the toxicity caused by AFB1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X. Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China P.R
| | - L. Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China P.R
| | - G. Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, 214122 Jiangsu, China P.R
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37
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Regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB during lead toxicity in bovine granulosa cells. Cell Tissue Res 2020; 380:643-655. [PMID: 32185525 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-020-03177-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb), one of the pervasive and protracted environmental heavy metals, is believed to affect the female reproductive system in many species. The Nrf2 and NF-κB are the two key transcriptional factors regulating cellular redox status and response against stress and inflammation respectively, showing an interaction between each other. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of Pb on bovine granulosa cells (GCs) and its association with the regulation of Nrf2 and NF-κB pathways. For this, bovine GCs were cultured in vitro and exposed to different doses of Pb for 2 h. Cellular response to Pb insult was investigated 24 h post treatment. Results showed that exposure of GCs to Pb-induced ROS accumulation and protein carbonylation. Additionally, GCs exhibited reduction in cell viability and decrease in the expression of cell proliferation marker genes (CCND2 and PCNA). This was accompanied by cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 phase. Moreover, Pb downregulated both Nrf2 and NF-κB and their downstream genes. Lead increased the expression of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress marker genes (GRP78 and CHOP) and the proapoptotic gene (caspase-3) while the antiapoptotic gene (BCL-2) was reduced. Our findings suggest that Pb-driven oxidative stress affected GCs proliferation, enhances ER stress, induces cell cycle arrest and mediates apoptosis probably via disruption of Nrf2/NF-κB cross-talk. However, further functional analysis is required to explain different aspects of Nrf2 and NF-κB interactions under metal challenge.
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38
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Pingili RB, Challa SR, Pawar AK, Toleti V, Kodali T, Koppula S. A systematic review on hepatoprotective activity of quercetin against various drugs and toxic agents: Evidence from preclinical studies. Phytother Res 2019; 34:5-32. [PMID: 31617262 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Revised: 07/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Quercetin is one of the most abundant flavonoids in human diet that has been reported to exhibit a wide range of pharmacological properties. The biochemical and molecular mechanisms involved in the hepatoprotective activity of quercetin were discussed in this review. Quercetin exhibited hepatoprotective activity against 2-butoxyethanol, acrylamide, acrylonitrile, aflatoxin B1, aroclor-1254, arsenic, sodium arsenite, azathioprine, cadmium chloride, carbon tetrachloride, chlorpyrifos, cyclosporine A, diazinon, dimethylnitrosamine, doxorubicin, epirubicin, ethanol, fenvalerate, isoniazide, rifampicin, lead acetate, lindane, D-galactosamine, methotrexate, methylmercury, nickel sulfate, paracetamol, perfluorooctanoic acid, polychlorinated biphenyls, pyrrolizidine alkaloid clivorine, rotenone, sodium fluoride, streptazotocin, tert-butyl hydroperoxide, thioacetamide, titanium dioxide, tumor necrosis factor-α, tripterygium glycoside, triptolide, ultraviolet A light, concavalin A, bisphenol, and ischemia-induced hepatotoxicity in various animal models due to its antioxidant, free radical-scavenging,anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, and cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) inhibitory activities. In this review, we provide an overview of the possible mechanisms by which quercetin reduced the hepatotoxicity of different hepatotoxicants. This will help the toxicologists, pharmacologists, and chemists to develop new safer pharmaceutical products with quercetin and other hepatotoxicants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra Babu Pingili
- Research and Development, Department of Pharmacy, Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada, India.,Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Siva Reddy Challa
- Department of Pharmacology, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - A Krishnamanjari Pawar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, India
| | - Vyshnavi Toleti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Tanvija Kodali
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
| | - Sirisha Koppula
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, KVSR Siddhartha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Vijayawada, India
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Li R, Yang Y, Hong P, Zhang Z, Li L, Hui J, Zheng X. β-carotene attenuates weaning-induced apoptosis via inhibition of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK signalling pathways in piglet jejunum. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:280-290. [PMID: 31573118 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Weaning may cause oxidative injury, immune response impairment, apoptosis and other injuries in piglets. Oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) can elicit inflammatory responses, and persistent oxidative and ERS also may lead to apoptotic cascades, which is associated with the pathogenesis of multiple diseases. β-carotene, a natural carotenoid, has potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant functions. However, the effect of β-carotene on apoptosis in weaned piglets and the detailed molecular mechanism remain unclear. In this study, we found that β-carotene decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) in piglet serum. β-carotene could inhibit the mRNA levels of caspase-3 significantly, but had no significant inhibitory effect of the mRNA levels of caspase-9 and caspase-12 in the piglet jejunum. In addition, β-carotene decreased the activation of GRP78, CHOP, and JNK/p38 MAPK and the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2. Furthermore, β-carotene had a significant influence on the activation of ERS and apoptosis-related signals in TG-induced IPEC-J2. In the present study, β-carotene pre-treatment attenuated the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2 and prevented TG-induced increases in the level of PERK-CHOP and IRE1-JNK/p38 MAPK pathway activation in a dose-dependent manner. Overall, these findings indicate that β-carotene may protect weaning-induced apoptosis through inhibiting ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Pan Hong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Key Laboratory of Functional Protein Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, College of Life Science and Technology, Institute of Life and Health Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ziqi Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Lingqian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Junnan Hui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
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Sankrityayan H, Oza MJ, Kulkarni YA, Mulay SR, Gaikwad AB. ER stress response mediates diabetic microvascular complications. Drug Discov Today 2019; 24:2247-2257. [PMID: 31430543 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2019.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) homeostasis orchestrates the folding, modification, and trafficking of secretory and membrane proteins to the Golgi compartment, thus governing cellular functions. Alterations in ER homeostasis result in the activation of signaling pathways, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), to regain ER homeostasis. Nevertheless, failure of UPR leads to activation of autophagy-mediated cell death. Several recent studies emphasized the association of the ER stress (ERS) response with the initiation and progression of diabetes. In this review, we highlight the contribution of the ERS response, such as UPR and autophagy, in the initiation and progression of diabetes and associated microvascular complications, including diabetic nephropathy (DN), retinopathy, and neuropathy, in various experimental models, as well as in humans. We highlight the ERS as a putative therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic microvascular complications and, thus, the urgent need for the development of improved synthetic and natural inhibitors of ERS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himanshu Sankrityayan
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India
| | - Manisha J Oza
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India; SVKM's Dr Bhanuben Nanavati College of Pharmacy, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Yogesh A Kulkarni
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy & Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L. Mehta Road, Vile Parle (W), Mumbai 400056, India
| | - Shrikant R Mulay
- Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226031, India
| | - Anil Bhanudas Gaikwad
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science Pilani, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan 333031, India.
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Quercetin Effects on Hepatotoxicity Induced by Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Rats. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.83523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Most nanoparticles have adverse impacts on the liver, which is a vital body organ, by the induction of oxidative stress. Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of quercetin (QCT) against the toxicity of nanoscale titanium dioxide (NTiO2) in Wistar rats. Methods: The present study was conducted on 32 adult female Wistar rats assigned into 4 groups of control, NTiO2 (50 mg/kg), NTiO2 + Quercetin (50 + 75 mg/kg), and Quercetin (75 mg/kg). The animals exposed to NTiO2 were administered by 50 mg/kg of NTiO2 for 21 days. The Quercetin + NTiO2 rats received Quercetin before exposing to NTiO2 for 7 days. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of serum were considered indicators of the hepatotoxicity. The oxidative stress was assessed by measuring the activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the liver. TUNEL assay and histological changes were also assessed. Results: The NTiO2 significantly elevated the MDA level (P < 0.01), enhanced the serum biomarker levels, reduced the CAT (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.01) activities. The NTiO2 also aggregated the red blood cells, and caused inflammatory cell infiltration, nuclear pyknosis and fat deposit in hepatocytes, as well as induced apoptosis in the liver tissue. Pretreatment with QCT quenched oxidative stress, attenuated the histological changes, elevated the CAT (P < 0.01) and SOD (P < 0.01) activities, normalized the serum biomarker levels and decreased apoptosis (P < 0.001). Conclusions: The QCT has an inhibitory impact on hepatotoxicity induced by nanoparticles in rats.
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Xu D, Hu MJ, Wang YQ, Cui YL. Antioxidant Activities of Quercetin and Its Complexes for Medicinal Application. Molecules 2019; 24:E1123. [PMID: 30901869 PMCID: PMC6470739 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24061123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Quercetin is a bioactive compound that is widely used in botanical medicine and traditional Chinese medicine due to its potent antioxidant activity. In recent years, antioxidant activities of quercetin have been studied extensively, including its effects on glutathione (GSH), enzymatic activity, signal transduction pathways, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) caused by environmental and toxicological factors. Chemical studies on quercetin have mainly focused on the antioxidant activity of its metal ion complexes and complex ions. In this review, we highlight the recent advances in the antioxidant activities, chemical research, and medicinal application of quercetin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Xu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Meng-Jiao Hu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yan-Qiu Wang
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yuan-Lu Cui
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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Yu Y, Xing N, Xu X, Zhu Y, Wang S, Sun G, Sun X. Tournefolic acid B, derived from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) Kuntze, protects against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury by inhibiting endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated apoptosis via PI3K/AKT pathways. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 52:178-186. [PMID: 30599897 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Protection the heart from ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is an area of intense research, as myocardial infarction is a major cause of mortality and morbidity all around the world. Tournefolic acid B (TAB) is a relative new compound derived from Clinopodium chinense (Benth.) Kuntze (Chinese name: Feng Lun Cai). This traditional Chinese herbal medicine has been used for its activities on anti-inflammatory, lowering blood glucose, antitumor and antiradiation. However, the pharmacological effects of TAB were rarely studied. PURPOSE Pathways involving phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and protein kinase b (Akt) are crucial in regulating the ER stress and associated apoptosis in the process of I/R injury. In the present study, we aim to investigate the cardioprotective effects of tournefolic acid B (TAB) against myocardial I/R injury and explore the molecular mechanisms involved. STUDY DESIGN H9c2 cadiomyocyte were incubated with TAB for 24 h and then exposed to hypoxia/reoxygenation. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to global ischemia and reperfusion in the absence or presence of TAB. METHODS The possible mechanisms were investigated in vitro and ex vivo by multiple detection methods including JC-1 staining, ROS detection, activities of caspases detection, TUNEL staining, and Western-blot analysis. RESULTS We found that TAB significantly improved the hemodynamic parameters (LVeDP, LVSP, + dP/dtmax, - dP/dtmin, and HR) of isolated rat hearts, and depressed the cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Besides, TAB inhibited the oxidative stress by adjusting the activities of antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, and GSH-Px). The I/R injury triggered the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress by activating the ER proteins, such as Grp78, ATF6, PERK, and eIf2α. which are all refrained by TAB. TAB also enhanced the phosphorylation of PI3K and AKT, inhibited the expression of CHOP and Caspase-12, reduced the phosphorylation of JNK, and increased Bcl-2/Bax ratio. CONCLUSION TAB protects against myocardial I/R injury by suppressing PI3K/AKT-mediated ER stress, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, revealing a promising therapeutic agent against ischemic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingli Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Na Xing
- Key Laboratory of Chinese Materia Medica, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Xudong Xu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yindi Zhu
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, PR China
| | - Shan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Guibo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiaobo Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193, China; Zhongguancun Open Laboratory of the Research and Development of Natural Medicine and Health Products, Beijing 100193, China; Key Laboratory of the efficacy evaluation of Chinese Medicine against Glyeolipid Metabolism Disorder Disease, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
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Quercetin attenuates toosendanin-induced hepatotoxicity through inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2019; 40:75-85. [PMID: 29921882 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-018-0024-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Toosendanin (TSN) is the main active compound in Toosendan Fructus and Meliae Cortex, two commonly used traditional Chinese medicines. TSN has been reported to induce hepatotoxicity, but its mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrated the critical role of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) in protecting against TSN-induced hepatotoxicity in mice and human normal liver L-02 cells. In mice, administration of TSN (10 mg/kg)-induced acute liver injury evidenced by increased serum alanine/aspartate aminotransferase (ALT/AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities, and total bilirubin (TBiL) content as well as the histological changes. Furthermore, TSN markedly increased liver reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and decreased liver glutathione (GSH) content and Nrf2 expression. In L-02 cells, TSN (2 μM) time-dependently reduced glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL) activity and cellular expression of the catalytic/modify subunit of GCL (GCLC/GCLM). Moreover, TSN reduced cellular GSH content and the increased ROS formation, and time-dependently decreased Nrf2 expression and increased the expression of the Nrf2 inhibitor protein kelch-like ECH-associated protein-1 (Keap1). Pre-administration of quercetin (40, 80 mg/kg) effectively inhibited TSN-induced liver oxidative injury and reversed the decreased expression of Nrf2 and GCLC/GCLM in vivo and in vitro. In addition, the quercetin-provided protection against TSN-induced hepatotoxicity was diminished in Nrf2 knock-out mice. In conclusion, TSN decreases cellular GSH content by reducing Nrf2-mediated GCLC/GCLM expression via decreasing Nrf2 expression. Quercetin attenuates TSN-induced hepatotoxicity by inducing the Nrf2/GCL/GSH antioxidant signaling pathway. This study implies that inducing Nrf2 activation may be an effective strategy to prevent TSN-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Bjørklund G, Skalny AV, Rahman MM, Dadar M, Yassa HA, Aaseth J, Chirumbolo S, Skalnaya MG, Tinkov AA. Toxic metal(loid)-based pollutants and their possible role in autism spectrum disorder. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2018; 166:234-250. [PMID: 29902778 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2018.05.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by deficits in social interaction, verbal and non-verbal communication, and stereotypic behaviors. Many studies support a significant relationship between many different environmental factors in ASD etiology. These factors include increased daily exposure to various toxic metal-based environmental pollutants, which represent a cause for concern in public health. This article reviews the most relevant toxic metals, commonly found, environmental pollutants, i.e., lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), aluminum (Al), and the metalloid arsenic (As). Additionally, it discusses how pollutants can be a possible pathogenetic cause of ASD through various mechanisms including neuroinflammation in different regions of the brain, fundamentally occurring through elevation of the proinflammatory profile of cytokines and aberrant expression of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB). Due to the worldwide increase in toxic environmental pollution, studies on the role of pollutants in neurodevelopmental disorders, including direct effects on the developing brain and the subjects' genetic susceptibility and polymorphism, are of utmost importance to achieve the best therapeutic approach and preventive strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geir Bjørklund
- Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway.
| | - Anatoly V Skalny
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia; All-Russian Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Moscow, Russia
| | - Md Mostafizur Rahman
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Graduate School of Environmental Science, Hokkaido University, Japan
| | - Maryam Dadar
- Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
| | - Heba A Yassa
- Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Jan Aaseth
- Faculty of Health and Social Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; Department of Research, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Salvatore Chirumbolo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Alexey A Tinkov
- Peoples' Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia; Yaroslavl State University, Yaroslavl, Russia
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Wu K, Luo Z, Hogstrand C, Chen GH, Wei CC, Li DD. Zn Stimulates the Phospholipids Biosynthesis via the Pathways of Oxidative and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Intestine of Freshwater Teleost Yellow Catfish. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2018; 52:9206-9214. [PMID: 30052432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.8b02967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis of our study was that waterborne Zn exposure evoked phospholipids (PL) biosynthesis to compensate for the loss of membrane integrity, and the pathways of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress mediated the Zn-evoked changes of PL biosynthesis. Thus, we conducted RNA sequencing to analyze the differences in the intestinal transcriptomes between the control and Zn-treated P. fulvidraco. The 56-day Zn exposure increased the intestinal Zn accumulation, and mRNA levels of 816 genes were markedly up-regulated, while that of 263 genes were down-regulated. Many differentially expressed genes in the pathways of PL biosynthesis and protein processing in ER were identified. Their expression profiles indicated that waterborne Zn exposure injured protein metabolism, induced PL biosynthesis caused oxidative stress and ER stress, and activated the unfolded protein response. Then, using the primary enterocytes, we identified the mechanism of oxidative and ER stress mediating Zn-induced PL biosynthesis, and indicated that the activation of these pathways constituted adaptive mechanisms to reduce Zn toxicity. Our study demonstrated that Zn exposure via the water increased Zn accumulation and PL biosynthesis, and that oxidative stress and ER stress were interdependent and mediated the Zn-induced PL biosynthesis of the intestine in the freshwater teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wu
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Zhi Luo
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
- Collaborative Innovation Center for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province , Changde 415000 , China
| | - Christer Hogstrand
- Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division , School of Medicine, King's College London , Franklin-Wilkins Building, 150 Stamford Street , London , SE1 9NH , U.K
| | - Guang-Hui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Chuan-Chuan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
| | - Dan-Dan Li
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture of P.R.C., Fishery College , Huazhong Agricultural University , Wuhan 430070 , China
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Huang H, An Y, Jiao W, Wang J, Li S, Teng X. CHOP/caspase-3 signal pathway involves in mitigative effect of selenium on lead-induced apoptosis via endoplasmic reticulum pathway in chicken testes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:18838-18845. [PMID: 29713980 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-1950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutant. Selenium (Se) has alleviative effect on Pb poisoning. However, mitigative effect of Se on Pb-induced apoptosis has not been unclear via endoplasmic reticulum (ER) pathway in chicken testes. The aim of this study was to investigate mitigative effect of Se on apoptosis induced by Pb poisoning via ER pathway in chicken testes. Sixty male chickens (7-day-old) were randomly divided into the control group offered drinking water (DW) and basic diet (BD) (0.49 mg/kg Se), the Se group offered DW and BD containing Na2SeO3 (SeBD) (1.00 mg/kg Se), the Pb group offered DW containing (CH3OO)2Pb (PbDW) (350.00 mg/L Pb) and BD, and the Pb + Se group offered PbDW and SeBD; and were fed for 90 days. The following contents were performed as follows: histology; antioxidant indexes (reduced glutathione (GSH), malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD)); mRNA expressions of ER-related genes (glucose-related protein 78 (GRP78), protein kinase-like ER kinase (PERK), eukaryotic initiation factor 2α (eIF2α), activating transcription factor 4 (ATF4), and enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP)); and apoptosis-related genes (cysteine-aspartic protease (caspase)-3 and caspase-12) in chicken testes. The results indicated that Pb poisoning caused histological changes; increased MDA content; decreased the content of GSH and the activities of GPx, GST, and SOD; and upregulated mRNA expressions of the above five ER-related genes and two apoptosis-related genes in the chicken testes. Se alleviated Pb-induced oxidative stress, ER stress, and apoptosis via CHOP/caspase-3 signal pathway in the chicken testes.
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Affiliation(s)
- He Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang An
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanying Jiao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinghan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China
| | - Shu Li
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaohua Teng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, People's Republic of China.
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Woo M, Noh JS, Cho EJ, Song YO. Bioactive Compounds of Kimchi Inhibit Apoptosis by Attenuating Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in the Brain of Amyloid β-Injected Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:4883-4890. [PMID: 29706080 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b01686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the inhibitory effects of kimchi bioactive compounds against endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-induced apoptosis in amyloid beta (Aβ)-injected mice. Mice received a single intracerebroventricular injection of Aβ25-35, except for the normal group. Mice were subjected to oral administration of 10 mg of capsaicin, 50 mg of 3-(4'-hydroxyl-3',5'-dimethoxyphenyl)propionic acid (HDMPPA), 50 mg of quercetin, 50 mg of ascorbic acid, or 200 mg of kimchi methanol extract (KME) per kilogram of body weight for 2 weeks ( n = 7 per group). In the in vitro blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability test, all bioactive compounds penetrated the BBB except ascorbic acid. The protein expression level of APP, BACE, and p-Tau elevated by Aβ injection was decreased by kimchi bioactive compounds ( P < 0.05). Quercetin, HDMPPA, and KME decreased oxidative stress, as indicated by ROS and TBARS levels ( P < 0.05). The protein expression level of ER stress markers GRP78, p-PERK, p-eIF2α, XBP1, and CHOP and the proapoptotic molecules Bax, p-JNK, and cleaved caspases-3 and -9 decreased ( P < 0.05). In contrast, the protein expression level of antiapoptotic molecules Bcl2 and cIAP increased ( P < 0.05). These results were supported by histological analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minji Woo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Sook Noh
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition , Tongmyong University , Busan 48520 , Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Cho
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
| | - Yeong Ok Song
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Kimchi Research Institute , Pusan National University , Busan 46241 , Republic of Korea
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Wu L, Liu H, Li L, Xu D, Gao Y, Guan Y, Chen Q. 5,7,3',4'-Tetramethoxyflavone protects chondrocytes from ER stress-induced apoptosis through regulation of the IRE1α pathway. Connect Tissue Res 2018; 59:157-166. [PMID: 28436754 PMCID: PMC6104397 DOI: 10.1080/03008207.2017.1321639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To investigate the roles of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) transmembrane sensor inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1)α signaling in ER stress-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, and to determine the molecular mechanisms underlying chondroprotective activity of 5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF) from Murraya exotica. MATERIALS AND METHODS IRE1α was knocked down by siRNA transfection in chondrocytes, which were harvested from rats' knee cartilages. Chondrocytes with IRE1α deficiency were administrated with tunicamycin (TM) and TMF. Chondrocyte apoptosis was quantified by flow cytometry and DAPI/TUNEL staining. Expression of mRNA and proteins was quantified by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western-blot, respectively. RESULTS IRE1α deficiency significantly increased the rate of TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis, down-regulated the expression of pro-survival factors XBP1S and Bcl-2, and up-regulated pro-apoptotic factors CHOP, p-JNK, and caspase-3. TMF suppressed TM-induced chondrocyte apoptosis by activating the expression of IRE1α, which reversed the expression patterns of downstream pro-survival and pro-apoptotic factors due to IRE1α deficiency. CONCLUSION The mechanism of TMF in protecting chondrocytes against ER stress-induced apoptosis might be associated with regulating the activity of ER sensor IRE1α and its downstream pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longhuo Wu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Haiqing Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Linfu Li
- College of Pharmacy, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China
| | - Daohua Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA;,Department of Pharmacology, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China
| | - Yun Gao
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Yingjie Guan
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Qian Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University/Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
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50
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Zhu X, Xiong T, Liu P, Guo X, Xiao L, Zhou F, Tang Y, Yao P. Quercetin ameliorates HFD-induced NAFLD by promoting hepatic VLDL assembly and lipophagy via the IRE1a/XBP1s pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 114:52-60. [PMID: 29438776 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The consumption of a quercetin-rich diet has been well-established as a feasible method against non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD); however, the molecular mechanisms underlying the progression of NAFLD and its intervention by quercetin remain largely obscure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats fed high-fat diet (HFD), and HepG2 cells stimulated with free fatty acid, were treated with quercetin and various pharmacological reagents to explore the effect of signaling pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress on very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly and lipophagy. Quercetin intake decreased hepatic TG content by 39%, with a 1.5-fold increase in VLDL, and up-regulated spliced X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1s) expression compared with the HFD group. Thapsigargin or STF-083010 (an IRE1α endonuclease inhibitor) decreased VLDL content in a dose-dependent manner, partially counteracting the protective effects of quercetin, 4-PBA or APY-29 (an IRE1α endonuclease activator). Additionally, microsomal TG-transfer protein complex expression was increased with quercetin-treated and down-regulated by STF-083010. Moreover, quercetin increased co-localization of lysosomes with lipid droplets (LDs) accompanied by decreased p62 accumulation. STF-083010 partially abolished the effect of quercetin on LDs autophagy in an mTOR-independent manner. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that hepatic VLDL assembly and lipophagy are the main targets of quercetin against NAFLD via the IRE1a/XBP1s pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhong Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Ting Xiong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Peiyi Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xiaoping Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Lin Xiao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Feng Zhou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Yuhan Tang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
| | - Ping Yao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Environment, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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