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Du X, Zhao M, Jiang L, Pang L, Wang J, Lv Y, Yao C, Wu R. A mini-review on gene delivery technique using nanoparticles-mediated photoporation induced by nanosecond pulsed laser. Drug Deliv 2024; 31:2306231. [PMID: 38245895 PMCID: PMC10802807 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2024.2306231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Nanosecond pulsed laser induced photoporation has gained increasing attention from scholars as an effective method for delivering the membrane-impermeable extracellular materials into living cells. Compared with femtosecond laser, nanosecond laser has the advantage of high throughput and low costs. It also has a higher delivery efficiency than continuous wave laser. Here, we provide an extensive overview of current status of nanosecond pulsed laser induced photoporation, covering the photoporation mechanism as well as various factors that impact the delivery efficiency of photoporation. Additionally, we discuss various techniques for achieving photoporation, such as direct photoporation, nanoparticles-mediated photoporation and plasmonic substrates mediated photoporation. Among these techniques, nanoparticles-mediated photoporation is the most promising approach for potential clinical application. Studies have already been reported to safely destruct the vitreous opacities in vivo by nanosecond laser induced vapor nanobubble. Finally, we discuss the potential of nanosecond laser induced phototoporation for future clinical applications, particularly in the areas of skin and ophthalmic pathologies. We hope this review can inspire scientists to further improve nanosecond laser induced photoporation and facilitate its eventual clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Du
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Precise Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Pro-vincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Precise Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Pro-vincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Le Jiang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Precise Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Pro-vincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Lihui Pang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Precise Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Pro-vincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Yi Lv
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Precise Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Pro-vincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Cuiping Yao
- Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Institute of Biomedical Photonics and Sensing, School of Life Science and Technology, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Rongqian Wu
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Precise Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Pro-vincial Center for Regenerative Medicine and Surgical Engineering, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
- Center for Regenerative and Reconstructive Medicine, Med-X Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China
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Prasher P, Sharma M, Agarwal V, Singh SK, Gupta G, Dureja H, Dua K. Cationic cycloamylose based nucleic acid nanocarriers. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111000. [PMID: 38614318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery by viral and non-viral methods has been a cornerstone for the contemporary gene therapy aimed at correcting the defective genes, replacing of the missing genes, or downregulating the expression of anomalous genes is highly desirable for the management of various diseases. Ostensibly, it becomes paramount for the delivery vectors to intersect the biological barriers for accessing their destined site within the cellular environment. However, the lipophilic nature of biological membranes and their potential to limit the entry of large sized, charged, hydrophilic molecules thus presenting a sizeable challenge for the cellular integration of negatively charged nucleic acids. Furthermore, the susceptibility of nucleic acids towards the degrading enzymes (nucleases) in the lysosomes present in cytoplasm is another matter of concern for their cellular and nuclear delivery. Hence, there is a pressing need for the identification and development of cationic delivery systems which encapsulate the cargo nucleic acids where the charge facilitates their cellular entry by evading the membrane barriers, and the encapsulation shields them from the enzymatic attack in cytoplasm. Cycloamylose bearing a closed loop conformation presents a robust candidature in this regard owing to its remarkable encapsulating tendency towards nucleic acids including siRNA, CpG DNA, and siRNA. The presence of numerous hydroxyl groups on the cycloamylose periphery provides sites for its chemical modification for the introduction of cationic groups, including spermine, (3-Chloro-2 hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (Q188), and diethyl aminoethane (DEAE). The resulting cationic cycloamylose possesses a remarkable transfection efficiency and provides stability to cargo oligonucleotides against endonucleases, in addition to modulating the undesirable side effects such as unwanted immune stimulation. Cycloamylose is known to interact with the cell membranes where they release certain membrane components such as phospholipids and cholesterol thereby resulting in membrane destabilization and permeabilization. Furthermore, cycloamylose derivatives also serve as formulation excipients for improving the efficiency of other gene delivery systems. This review delves into the various vector and non-vector-based gene delivery systems, their advantages, and limitations, eventually leading to the identification of cycloamylose as an ideal candidate for nucleic acid delivery. The synthesis of cationic cycloamylose is briefly discussed in each section followed by its application for specific delivery/transfection of a particular nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Barati M, Hashemi S, Sayed Tabatabaei M, Zarei Chamgordani N, Mortazavi SM, Moghimi HR. Protein-based microneedles for biomedical applications: A systematic review. Biomed Microdevices 2024; 26:19. [PMID: 38430398 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-024-00701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
Microneedles are minimally-invasive devices with the unique capability of bypassing physiological barriers. Hence, they are widely used for different applications from drug/vaccine delivery to diagnosis and cosmetic fields. Recently, natural biopolymers (particularly carbohydrates and proteins) have garnered attention as safe and biocompatible materials with tailorable features for microneedle construction. Several review articles have dealt with carbohydrate-based microneedles. This review aims to highlight the less-noticed role of proteins through a systematic search strategy based on the PRISMA guideline from international databases of PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Original English articles with the keyword "microneedle(s)" in their titles along with at least one of the keywords "biopolymers, silk, gelatin, collagen, zein, keratin, fish-scale, mussel, and suckerin" were collected and those in which the proteins undertook a structural role were screened. Then, we focused on the structures and applications of protein-based microneedles. Also, the unique features of some protein biopolymers that make them ideal for microneedle construction (e.g., excellent mechanical strength, self-adhesion, and self-assembly), as well as the challenges associated with them were reviewed. Altogether, the proteins identified so far seem not only promising for the fabrication of "better" microneedles in the future but also inspiring for designing biomimetic structural biopolymers with ideal characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maedeh Barati
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shiva Hashemi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sayed Tabatabaei
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasrin Zarei Chamgordani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyedeh Maryam Mortazavi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Reza Moghimi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Protein Technology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Wang H, Xu J, Xiang L. Microneedle-Mediated Transcutaneous Immunization: Potential in Nucleic Acid Vaccination. Adv Healthc Mater 2023; 12:e2300339. [PMID: 37115817 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202300339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Efforts aimed at exploring economical and efficient vaccination have taken center stage to combat frequent epidemics worldwide. Various vaccines have been developed for infectious diseases, among which nucleic acid vaccines have attracted much attention from researchers due to their design flexibility and wide application. However, the lack of an efficient delivery system considerably limits the clinical translation of nucleic acid vaccines. As mass vaccinations via syringes are limited by low patient compliance and high costs, microneedles (MNs), which can achieve painless, cost-effective, and efficient drug delivery, can provide an ideal vaccination strategy. The MNs can break through the stratum corneum barrier in the skin and deliver vaccines to the immune cell-rich epidermis and dermis. In addition, the feasibility of MN-mediated vaccination is demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies and has tremendous potential for the delivery of nucleic acid vaccines. In this work, the current status of research on MN vaccines is reviewed. Moreover, the improvements of MN-mediated nucleic acid vaccination are summarized and the challenges of its clinical translation in the future are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haochen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Junhua Xu
- Biopharmaceutical Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Lin Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Oral Implantology, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
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Upadhyay K, Tamrakar RK, Thomas S, Kumar M. Surface functionalized nanoparticles: A boon to biomedical science. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 380:110537. [PMID: 37182689 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The rapid development of nanomedicine has increased the likelihood that manufactured nanoparticles will one day come into contact with people and the environment. A variety of academic fields, including engineering and the health sciences, have taken a keen interest in the development of nanotechnology. Any significant development in nanomaterial-based applications would depend on the production of functionalized nanoparticles, which are believed to have the potential to be used in fields like pharmaceutical and biomedical sciences. The functionalization of nanoparticles with particular recognition chemical moieties does result in multifunctional nanoparticles with greater efficacy while at the same time minimising adverse effects, according to early clinical studies. This is because of traits like aggressive cellular uptake and focused localization in tumours. To advance this field of inquiry, chemical procedures must be developed that reliably attach chemical moieties to nanoparticles. The structure-function relationship of these functionalized nanoparticles has been extensively studied as a result of the discovery of several chemical processes for the synthesis of functionalized nanoparticles specifically for drug delivery, cancer therapy, diagnostics, tissue engineering, and molecular biology. Because of the growing understanding of how to functionalize nanoparticles and the continued work of innovative scientists to expand this technology, it is anticipated that functionalized nanoparticles will play an important role in the aforementioned domains. As a result, the goal of this study is to familiarise readers with nanoparticles, to explain functionalization techniques that have already been developed, and to examine potential applications for nanoparticles in the biomedical sciences. This review's information is essential for the safe and broad use of functionalized nanoparticles, particularly in the biomedical sector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanchan Upadhyay
- Department of Applied Physics, Bhilai Institute of Technology (Seth Balkrishan Memorial), Near Bhilai House, Durg, C.G, 491001, India.
| | - Raunak Kumar Tamrakar
- Department of Applied Physics, Bhilai Institute of Technology (Seth Balkrishan Memorial), Near Bhilai House, Durg, C.G, 491001, India
| | - Sabu Thomas
- School of Energy Materials, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottyam, Kerla, 686560, India
| | - Manish Kumar
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Bhilai Institute of Technology (Seth Balkrishan Memorial), Near Bhilai Power House, Durg, 49100, Chhattisgarh, India
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Wijesundara YH, Herbert FC, Trashi O, Trashi I, Brohlin OR, Kumari S, Howlett T, Benjamin CE, Shahrivarkevishahi A, Diwakara SD, Perera SD, Cornelius SA, Vizuet JP, Balkus KJ, Smaldone RA, De Nisco NJ, Gassensmith JJ. Carrier gas triggered controlled biolistic delivery of DNA and protein therapeutics from metal-organic frameworks. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13803-13814. [PMID: 36544734 PMCID: PMC9710232 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04982a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The efficacy and specificity of protein, DNA, and RNA-based drugs make them popular in the clinic; however, these drugs are often delivered via injection, requiring skilled medical personnel, and producing biohazardous waste. Here, we report an approach that allows for their controlled delivery, affording either a burst or slow release without altering the formulation. We show that when encapsulated within zeolitic-imidazolate framework eight (ZIF-8), the biomolecules are stable in powder formulations and can be inoculated with a low-cost, gas-powered "MOF-Jet" into living animal and plant tissues. Additionally, their release profiles can be modulated through judicious selection of the carrier gas used in the MOF-Jet. Our in vitro and in vivo studies reveal that when CO2 is used, it creates a transient and weakly acidic local environment that causes a near-instantaneous release of the biomolecules through an immediate dissolution of ZIF-8. Conversely, when air is used, ZIF-8 biodegrades slowly, releasing the biomolecules over a week. This is the first example of controlled-biolistic delivery of biomolecules using ZIF-8, which provides a powerful tool for fundamental and applied science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalini H. Wijesundara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Fabian C. Herbert
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Orikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Ikeda Trashi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Olivia R. Brohlin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Sneha Kumari
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Thomas Howlett
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Candace E. Benjamin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Arezoo Shahrivarkevishahi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Shashini D. Diwakara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Sachini D. Perera
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Samuel A. Cornelius
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Juan P. Vizuet
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Kenneth J. Balkus
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Ronald A. Smaldone
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Nicole J. De Nisco
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
| | - Jeremiah J. Gassensmith
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA,Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas800 West Campbel RdRichardson 75080TXUSA
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Karim Z, Karwa P, Hiremath SRR. Polymeric microneedles for transdermal drug delivery- a review of recent studies. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Light triggered nanoscale biolistics for efficient intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules in mammalian cells. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1996. [PMID: 35422038 PMCID: PMC9010410 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29713-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Biolistic intracellular delivery of functional macromolecules makes use of dense microparticles which are ballistically fired onto cells with a pressurized gun. While it has been used to transfect plant cells, its application to mammalian cells has met with limited success mainly due to high toxicity. Here we present a more refined nanotechnological approach to biolistic delivery with light-triggered self-assembled nanobombs (NBs) that consist of a photothermal core particle surrounded by smaller nanoprojectiles. Upon irradiation with pulsed laser light, fast heating of the core particle results in vapor bubble formation, which propels the nanoprojectiles through the cell membrane of nearby cells. We show successful transfection of both adherent and non-adherent cells with mRNA and pDNA, outperforming electroporation as the most used physical transfection technology by a factor of 5.5–7.6 in transfection yield. With a throughput of 104-105 cells per second, biolistic delivery with NBs offers scalable and highly efficient transfections of mammalian cells. Ballistic delivery with micro/nano-particles has been successfully used to transfect plant cells, however, has failed in mammalian cells due to toxic effects. Here, the authors report on a self-assembled nano-ballistic delivery system for the delivery of functional macromolecules and demonstrate efficient transfection of mammalian cells.
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Yin Y, Wang C, Xiao D, Liang Y, Wang Y. Advances and Perspectives of Transgenic Technology and Biotechnological Application in Forest Trees. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:786328. [PMID: 34917116 PMCID: PMC8669725 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.786328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic technology is increasingly used in forest-tree breeding to overcome the disadvantages of traditional breeding methods, such as a long breeding cycle, complex cultivation environment, and complicated procedures. By introducing exogenous DNA, genes tightly related or contributed to ideal traits-including insect, disease, and herbicide resistance-were transferred into diverse forest trees, and genetically modified (GM) trees including poplars were cultivated. It is beneficial to develop new varieties of GM trees of high quality and promote the genetic improvement of forests. However, the low transformation efficiency has hampered the cultivation of GM trees and the identification of the molecular genetic mechanism in forest trees compared to annual herbaceous plants such as Oryza sativa. In this study, we reviewed advances in transgenic technology of forest trees, including the principles, advantages and disadvantages of diverse genetic transformation methods, and their application for trait improvement. The review provides insight into the establishment and improvement of genetic transformation systems for forest tree species. Challenges and perspectives pertaining to the genetic transformation of forest trees are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Yin
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Dandan Xiao
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanting Liang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanwei Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Tree Breeding, Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding in Forest Trees and Ornamental Plants, Ministry of Education, The Tree and Ornamental Plant Breeding and Biotechnology Laboratory of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- College of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Tree Breeding by Molecular Design, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
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Zhi D, Yang T, Zhang T, Yang M, Zhang S, Donnelly RF. Microneedles for gene and drug delivery in skin cancer therapy. J Control Release 2021; 335:158-177. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Revised: 05/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Huang J, Cui Y, Yang Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Yang H, Du S, Bai J. Optical Coherence Tomography and Microdialysis for Microneedle-Mediated Penetration Enhancement Study of Paeoniflorin-Loaded Ethosomes. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 34:183-193. [PMID: 33957631 DOI: 10.1159/000514321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To understand the cumulative effect of topical formulations after medication, evaluate the therapeutic effect of microneedle-assisted (MN-assisted) paeoniflorin-loaded ethosomes (TGP-E), and explore the potential for deep penetration of drugs, this paper uses microdialysis to systematically study the percutaneous pharmacokinetics of TGP-E. METHODS First, optical coherence tomography (OCT) was used to study the effectiveness of microneedle puncture. Second, a microdialysis method and a UPLC-MS method for determining the amount of paeoniflorin (Pae) in dialysate were established. Finally, the transdermal pharmacokinetics of TGP-E was studied using in vivo microdialysis in rats under the above MN-assisted conditions. RESULTS The optimal MN-assisted conditions were obtained at a microneedle length of 500 μm, a pressure of 3 N, and an action time of 3 min. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the maximum drug concentration (Cmax) and the area under the curve (AUC) of the TGP-E gel were higher than the TGP-saline solution gel, and the mean retention time was lower. These indicated that microneedle can promote the entry of the ethosomes into the skin for in vivo experiments and greatly improve the possibility of deep penetration of the water-soluble Pae. CONCLUSION Therefore, the microneedle-ethosomes delivery system is a more ideal means for promoting the deep penetration of Pae. These findings may provide a reference for the combination of multiple penetration-enhancement ways to promote drug absorption, and also provide a new insight to realize the development of novel, safe, and more effective dosage forms and administration routes of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Huang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yahua Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yanling Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Huahua Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Haiju Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Mabrouk M, Das DB, Salem ZA, Beherei HH. Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Production, Characterisations, Recent Trends and Difficulties. Molecules 2021; 26:1077. [PMID: 33670668 PMCID: PMC7922738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing of nanomaterials has now become a top-priority research goal with a view to developing specific applications in the biomedical fields. In fact, the recent trends in the literature show that there is a lack of in-depth reviews that specifically highlight the current knowledge based on the design and production of nanomaterials. Considerations of size, shape, surface charge and microstructures are important factors in this regard as they affect the performance of nanoparticles (NPs). These parameters are also found to be dependent on their synthesis methods. The characterisation techniques that have been used for the investigation of these nanomaterials are relatively different in their concepts, sample preparation methods and obtained results. Consequently, this review article aims to carry out an in-depth discussion on the recent trends on nanomaterials for biomedical engineering, with a particular emphasis on the choices of the nanomaterials, preparation methods/instruments and characterisations techniques used for designing of nanomaterials. Key applications of these nanomaterials, such as tissue regeneration, medication delivery and wound healing, are also discussed briefly. Covering this knowledge gap will result in a better understanding of the role of nanomaterial design and subsequent larger-scale applications in terms of both its potential and difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrir St), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zeinab A. Salem
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza P.O. 12613, Egypt;
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 6 October City P.O. 12573, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrir St), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;
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Characterization of microneedles and microchannels for enhanced transdermal drug delivery. Ther Deliv 2021; 12:77-103. [DOI: 10.4155/tde-2020-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedle (MN)-based technologies are currently one of the most innovative approaches that are being extensively investigated for transdermal delivery of low molecular weight drugs, biotherapeutic agents and vaccines. Extensive research reports, describing the fabrication and applications of different types of MNs, can be readily found in the literature. Effective characterization tools to evaluate the quality and performance of the MNs as well as for determination of the dimensional and kinetic properties of the microchannels created in the skin, are an essential and critical part of MN-based research. This review paper provides a comprehensive account of all such tools and techniques.
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The Current Status of Clinical Research Involving Microneedles: A Systematic Review. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111113. [PMID: 33228098 PMCID: PMC7699365 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, a number of clinical trials have been published on the efficacy and safety of drug delivery using microneedles (MNs). This review aims to systematically summarize and analyze the current evidence including the clinical effect and safety of MNs. Three electronic databases, including PubMed, were used to search the literature for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and clinical controlled trials (CCTs) that evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of MNs from their inception to 28 June 2018. Data were extracted according to the characteristics of study subjects; disorder, types, and details of the intervention (MNs) and control groups; outcome measurements; effectiveness; and incidence of adverse events (AEs). Overall, 31 RCTs and seven CCTs met the inclusion criteria. Although MNs were commonly used in skin-related studies, evaluating the effects of MNs was difficult because many studies did not provide adequate comparison values between groups. For osteoporosis treatment, vaccine, and insulin delivery studies, MNs were comparable to or more effective than the gold standard. Regarding the safety of MNs, most AEs reported in each study were minor (grade 1 or 2). A well-designed RCT is necessary to clearly evaluate the effectiveness of MNs in the future.
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Zhi D, Yang T, O'Hagan J, Zhang S, Donnelly RF. Photothermal therapy. J Control Release 2020; 325:52-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2020.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Cui Y, Mo Y, Zhang Q, Tian W, Xue Y, Bai J, Du S. Microneedle-Assisted Percutaneous Delivery of Paeoniflorin-Loaded Ethosomes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123371. [PMID: 30572626 PMCID: PMC6321034 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Paeoniflorin, the main component of total glucosides of paeony (TGP), shows good therapeutic effects in arthritis, but has low bioavailability when administered orally. Avoiding such a deficiency for topical administration would expand its clinical application. This study aimed to avoid these limitations by using nanotechnology (ethosomes) and a physical approach (microneedles). Paeoniflorin-loaded ethosomal formulation (TGP-E) was optimized and evaluated in terms of entrapment efficiency (EE), particle size (PS), zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI) and morphology. TGP-E was prepared by the hot injection method and optimized by single-factor tests and an orthogonal experimental design. The optimized paeoniflorin-loaded ethosomes had EE of 27.82 ± 1.56%, PS of 137.9 ± 7.57 nm with PDI of 0.120 ± 0.005, ZP of −0.74 ± 0.43 mV. Ethosomes showed a nearly spherical shape under the transmission electron microscope (TEM). The optimal microneedle-assisted (MN-assisted) conditions were obtained at a microneedle length of 500 μm, a pressure of 3 N and an action time of 3 min. The cumulative penetration amounts (Qn) of TGP solution transdermal (ST) and MN-assisted TGP solution transdermal (MST) were 24.42 ± 8.35 μg/cm2 and 548.11 ± 10.49 μg/cm2, respectively. Qn of TGP-E transdermal (PT) and MN-assisted TGP-E transdermal (MPT) were 54.97 ± 4.72 μg/cm2 and 307.17 ± 26.36 μg/cm2, respectively. These findings indicate that use of ethosomes and microneedles can both enhance the penetration ofpaeoniflorin, but for the water-soluble drug, there is no obvious synergism between nanotechnology and microneedles for enhancing penetration in a transdermal drug delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yahua Cui
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yujia Mo
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Qi Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Wanwan Tian
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Yutao Xue
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Jie Bai
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
| | - Shouying Du
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Fangshan District, Beijing 102488, China.
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Lin G, Li L, Panwar N, Wang J, Tjin SC, Wang X, Yong KT. Non-viral gene therapy using multifunctional nanoparticles: Status, challenges, and opportunities. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Stewart MP, Langer R, Jensen KF. Intracellular Delivery by Membrane Disruption: Mechanisms, Strategies, and Concepts. Chem Rev 2018; 118:7409-7531. [PMID: 30052023 PMCID: PMC6763210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 382] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular delivery is a key step in biological research and has enabled decades of biomedical discoveries. It is also becoming increasingly important in industrial and medical applications ranging from biomanufacture to cell-based therapies. Here, we review techniques for membrane disruption-based intracellular delivery from 1911 until the present. These methods achieve rapid, direct, and universal delivery of almost any cargo molecule or material that can be dispersed in solution. We start by covering the motivations for intracellular delivery and the challenges associated with the different cargo types-small molecules, proteins/peptides, nucleic acids, synthetic nanomaterials, and large cargo. The review then presents a broad comparison of delivery strategies followed by an analysis of membrane disruption mechanisms and the biology of the cell response. We cover mechanical, electrical, thermal, optical, and chemical strategies of membrane disruption with a particular emphasis on their applications and challenges to implementation. Throughout, we highlight specific mechanisms of membrane disruption and suggest areas in need of further experimentation. We hope the concepts discussed in our review inspire scientists and engineers with further ideas to improve intracellular delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin P. Stewart
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Robert Langer
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
- The Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research,
Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, USA
| | - Klavs F. Jensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, Cambridge, USA
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Bok M, Lee Y, Park D, Shin S, Zhao ZJ, Hwang B, Hwang SH, Jeon SH, Jung JY, Park SH, Nah J, Lim E, Jeong JH. Microneedles integrated with a triboelectric nanogenerator: an electrically active drug delivery system. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:13502-13510. [PMID: 29972181 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr02192a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a combined system of microneedles and a triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) has been developed for drug delivery. A triboelectric device, which converts mechanical energy into alternating current (AC), was chosen to replace the electrophoresis (EP) effect. To directly generate triboelectricity from salmon deoxyribonucleic acid (SDNA)-based microneedles, a triboelectric series of SDNA film and chargeable polymers (polyimide and Teflon) was studied. The electrical output of the two charged polymers was compared to find a material that could be highly charged with SDNA. The electrical output was also compared as a function of the concentration of a drug embedded in the SDNA film, and the results confirmed that drug intercalation affected the carrier diffusion. The mechanical strength of the microneedles was assessed by histological analysis of their penetration into porcine cadaver skin. Furthermore, the output voltage of a system incorporating microneedles and TENG in cadaver skin, and in vitro drug release into gelatin were evaluated to examine potential application as an electrically active drug delivery system. The electrical output voltage of this system was ∼95 V. The mechanism of triboelectric perturbation to the skin has also been discussed. The system developed in this work is a new, facile approach toward effective drug delivery that replaces the existing EP method and expands the application of TENGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moonjeong Bok
- Department of Science Education/Creative Convergent Manufacturing Engineering, Dankook University, Yongin 448-701, Korea.
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Zhao Y, Zhang Y, Su P, Yang J, Huang L, Gao W. Genetic Transformation System for Woody Plant Tripterygium wilfordii and Its Application to Product Natural Celastrol. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 8:2221. [PMID: 29375599 PMCID: PMC5767223 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.02221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Accepted: 12/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Tripterygium wilfordii is a perennial woody liana medicinal plant with several crucial biological activities. Although studies on tissue culture have previously been conducted, research on genetic transformation is much more challenging and therefore results in slower progress. In the present study, a highly efficient transformation system involving the particle bombardment of T. wilfordii with the reporter egfp gene using the PDS-1000/He system was established. A total of seven parameters affecting the genetic transformation were investigated using an L18 (6 × 36)-type orthogonal array. The result indicated that DNA delivery conditions of 3-cm target distance, 1100 psi helium pressure, 28 mmHg chamber vacuum pressure, three times number of bombardment, CaCl2 as precipitation agent, 2 μg plasmid DNA concentration and 48 h post-bombardment incubation time were optimal for T. wilfordii cell suspensions transformation. The average transformation efficiency was 19.17%. Based on this transformation system, the overexpression of two T. wilfordii farnesyl pyrophosphate synthase genes (TwFPSs) was performed in cell suspensions. Integration of the TwFPSs in the genome was verified by PCR analysis and also by Southern blotting using hygromycin gene as a probe. Real-time quantitative PCR analysis showed that the expression of TwFPS1&2 was highly up regulated in transgenic cell suspensions compared with control cells. The detection of metabolites showed that TwFPS1&2 could highly increase the celastrol content (973.60 μg/g) in transgenic cells. These results indicated that this transformation system is an effective protocol for characterizing the function of genes in the terpenoid biosynthetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Zhao
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ping Su
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Kennedy PJ, Oliveira C, Granja PL, Sarmento B. Monoclonal antibodies: technologies for early discovery and engineering. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2017; 38:394-408. [PMID: 28789584 DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2017.1357002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Antibodies are essential in modern life sciences biotechnology. Their architecture and diversity allow for high specificity and affinity to a wide array of biochemicals. Combining monoclonal antibody (mAb) technology with recombinant DNA and protein expression links antibody genotype with phenotype. Yet, the ability to select and screen for high affinity binders from recombinantly-displayed, combinatorial libraries unleashes the true power of mAbs and a flood of clinical applications. The identification of novel antibodies can be accomplished by a myriad of in vitro display technologies from the proven (e.g. phage) to the emerging (e.g. mammalian cell and cell-free) based on affinity binding as well as function. Lead candidates can be further engineered for increased affinity and half-life, reduced immunogenicity and/or enhanced manufacturing, and storage capabilities. This review begins with antibody biology and how the structure and genetic machinery relate to function, diversity, and in vivo affinity maturation and follows with the general requirements of (therapeutic) antibody discovery and engineering with an emphasis on in vitro display technologies. Throughout, we highlight where antibody biology inspires technology development and where high-throughput, "big data" and in silico strategies are playing an increasing role. Antibodies dominate the growing class of targeted therapeutics, alone or as bioconjugates. However, their versatility extends to research, diagnostics, and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Kennedy
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Carla Oliveira
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,c IPATIMUP - Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Pedro L Granja
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,d ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,e Departmento de Engenharia Metalúrgica e de Materiais , FEUP - Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal
| | - Bruno Sarmento
- a i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,b INEB - Instituto de Engenharia Biomédica , Universidade do Porto , Porto , Portugal.,f CESPU , Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde & Instituto Universitário de Ciências da Saúde , Gandra , Portugal
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22
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Ma G, Wu C. Microneedle, bio-microneedle and bio-inspired microneedle: A review. J Control Release 2017; 251:11-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2017.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Abstract
The advent of microneedle (MN) technology has provided a revolutionary platform for the delivery of therapeutic agents, particularly in the field of gene therapy. For over 20 years, the area of gene therapy has undergone intense innovation and progression which has seen advancement of the technology from an experimental concept to a widely acknowledged strategy for the treatment and prevention of numerous disease states. However, the true potential of gene therapy has yet to be achieved due to limitations in formulation and delivery technologies beyond parenteral injection of the DNA. Microneedle-mediated delivery provides a unique platform for the delivery of DNA therapeutics clinically. It provides a means to overcome the skin barriers to gene delivery and deposit the DNA directly into the dermal layers, a key site for delivery of therapeutics to treat a wide range of skin and cutaneous diseases. Additionally, the skin is a tissue rich in immune sentinels, an ideal target for the delivery of a DNA vaccine directly to the desired target cell populations. This review details the advancement of MN-mediated DNA delivery from proof-of-concept to the delivery of DNA encoding clinically relevant proteins and antigens and examines the key considerations for the improvement of the technology and progress into a clinically applicable delivery system.
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Chaban B, Hughes HV, Beeby M. The flagellum in bacterial pathogens: For motility and a whole lot more. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2015; 46:91-103. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2015.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/22/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Cole G, McCaffrey J, Ali AA, McCarthy HO. DNA vaccination for prostate cancer: key concepts and considerations. Cancer Nanotechnol 2015; 6:2. [PMID: 26161151 PMCID: PMC4488504 DOI: 10.1186/s12645-015-0010-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
While locally confined prostate cancer is associated with a low five year mortality rate, advanced or metastatic disease remains a major challenge for healthcare professionals to treat and is usually terminal. As such, there is a need for the development of new, efficacious therapies for prostate cancer. Immunotherapy represents a promising approach where the host's immune system is harnessed to mount an anti-tumour effect, and the licensing of the first prostate cancer specific immunotherapy in 2010 has opened the door for other immunotherapies to gain regulatory approval. Among these strategies DNA vaccines are an attractive option in terms of their ability to elicit a highly specific, potent and wide-sweeping immune response. Several DNA vaccines have been tested for prostate cancer and while they have demonstrated a good safety profile they have faced problems with low efficacy and immunogenicity compared to other immunotherapeutic approaches. This review focuses on the positive aspects of DNA vaccines for prostate cancer that have been assessed in preclinical and clinical trials thus far and examines the key considerations that must be employed to improve the efficacy and immunogenicity of these vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Cole
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland UK
| | - Joanne McCaffrey
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland UK
| | - Ahlam A Ali
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland UK
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7BL Northern Ireland UK
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Karimi M, Solati N, Ghasemi A, Estiar MA, Hashemkhani M, Kiani P, Mohamed E, Saeidi A, Taheri M, Avci P, Aref AR, Amiri M, Baniasadi F, Hamblin MR. Carbon nanotubes part II: a remarkable carrier for drug and gene delivery. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1089-105. [PMID: 25613837 PMCID: PMC4475451 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1004309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have recently been studied as novel and versatile drug and gene delivery vehicles. When CNT are suitably functionalized, they can interact with various cell types and are taken up by endocytosis. AREAS COVERED Anti-cancer drugs cisplatin and doxorubicin have been delivered by CNT, as well as methotrexate, taxol and gemcitabine. The delivery of the antifungal compound amphotericin B and the oral administration of erythropoietin have both been assisted using CNT. Frequently, targeting moieties such as folic acid, epidermal growth factor or various antibodies are attached to the CNT-drug nanovehicle. Different kinds of functionalization (e.g., polycations) have been used to allow CNT to act as gene delivery vectors. Plasmid DNA, small interfering RNA and micro-RNA have all been delivered by CNT vehicles. Significant concerns are raised about the nanotoxicology of the CNT and their potentially damaging effects on the environment. EXPERT OPINION CNT-mediated drug delivery has been studied for over a decade, and both in vitro and in vivo studies have been reported. The future success of CNTs as vectors in vivo and in clinical application will depend on achievement of efficacious therapy with minimal adverse effects and avoidance of possible toxic and environmentally damaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahdi Karimi
- Iran University of Medical Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Department of Nanotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Navid Solati
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Ghasemi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Asghari Estiar
- Tehran University of Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, Department of Medical Genetics, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshid Hashemkhani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parnian Kiani
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elmira Mohamed
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahad Saeidi
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdiar Taheri
- Iran University of Science and Technology, School of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pinar Avci
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Amir R Aref
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Systems Biology, Department of Cancer Biology, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Genetics, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Mohammad Amiri
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Fazel Baniasadi
- Sharif University of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Polymeric Materials Research Group, Tehran, 11365-9466, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Dermatology, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Hogan NC, Taberner AJ, Jones LA, Hunter IW. Needle-free delivery of macromolecules through the skin using controllable jet injectors. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2015; 12:1637-48. [PMID: 26004884 DOI: 10.1517/17425247.2015.1049531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Transdermal delivery of drugs has a number of advantages in comparison to other routes of administration. The mechanical properties of skin, however, impose a barrier to administration and so most compounds are administered using hypodermic needles and syringes. In order to overcome some of the issues associated with the use of needles, a variety of non-needle devices based on jet injection technology has been developed. AREAS COVERED Jet injection has been used primarily for vaccine administration but has also been used to deliver macromolecules such as hormones, monoclonal antibodies and nucleic acids. A critical component in the more recent success of jet injection technology has been the active control of pressure applied to the drug during the time course of injection. EXPERT OPINION Jet injection systems that are electronically controllable and reversible offer significant advantages over conventional injection systems. These devices can consistently create the high pressures and jet speeds necessary to penetrate tissue and then transition smoothly to a lower jet speed for delivery of the remainder of the desired dose. It seems likely that in the future this work will result in smart drug delivery systems incorporated into personal medical devices and medical robots for in-home disease management and healthcare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora C Hogan
- a 1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Andrew J Taberner
- b 2 University of Auckland, Auckland Bioengineering Institute and Department of Engineering Science , 70 Symonds Street, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Lynette A Jones
- c 3 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA +1 617 253 3973 ; +1 617 253 2218 ;
| | - Ian W Hunter
- d 4 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering , 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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28
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Microneedle assisted micro-particle delivery by gene guns: Mathematical model formulation and experimental verification. Chem Eng Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2014.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Han T, Das DB. Potential of combined ultrasound and microneedles for enhanced transdermal drug permeation: a review. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2014; 89:312-28. [PMID: 25541440 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2014.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Revised: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Transdermal drug delivery (TDD) is limited by the outer layer of the skin, i.e., the stratum corneum. Research on TDD has become very active in the recent years and various technologies have been developed to overcome the resistance of the stratum corneum to molecular diffusion. In particular, researchers have started to consider the possibility of combining the TDD technologies in order to have further increase in drug permeability. Both microneedles (MNs) and ultrasound are promising technologies. They achieve enhancement in drug permeation via different mechanisms and therefore give a good potential for combining with each other. This review will focus on discussing the potential of this combinational technique along with other important issues, e.g., the mechanisms of ultrasound and MNs as it is and these mechanisms which are coupled via the two systems (i.e. MNs and ultrasound). We discuss the possible ways to achieve this combination as well as how this combination would increase the permeability. Some of the undeveloped (weaker) research areas of MNs and sonophoresis are also discussed in order to understand the true potential of combining the two technologies when they are developed further in the future. We propose several hypothetical combinations based on the possible mechanisms involved in MNs and ultrasound. Furthermore, we carry out a cluster analysis by which we determine the significance of this combinational method in comparison with some other selected combinational methods for TDD (e.g., MNs and iontophoresis). Using a time series analysis tool (ARIMA model), the current trend and the future development of combined MNs and ultrasound are also analysed. Overall, the review in this paper indicates that combining MNs and ultrasound is a promising TDD method for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Han
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
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Nayak A, Babla H, Han T, Das DB. Lidocaine carboxymethylcellulose with gelatine co-polymer hydrogel delivery by combined microneedle and ultrasound. Drug Deliv 2014; 23:658-69. [DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.935985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
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Abstract
Many experiments conducted in the literature have investigated the effect of microneedles (MNs) on insulin permeation across skin. There are also a number of articles that deal with the effect of MN insertion force in skin. However, there is little known on quantifying the relationship between the effect of MN insertion force and the amount of insulin permeated for given MNs. This issue is addressed in this article. MNs of 1100 µm and 1400 µm are used to conduct in vitro permeability experiments on porcine skin, using insulin. Histological images of MN treated skin are obtained from a microtome and the viscoelastic properties of the skin sample are measured using a rheometer. An in-house insertion force device is utilized that can reproducibly apply a specified force on MNs for a set period of time using compressed air. It is deduced that when porcine skin was pretreated with an applied force of 60.5 N and 69.1 N, the resultant amount of insulin permeated was approximately 3 µg and 25 µg over a 4-hour period for the MNs used. The amount of MN force applied to porcine skin was shown to be related to the amount of insulin permeated. An increase in insertion force increase the amount of insulin permeated. It was also demonstrated that using insufficient force may have reduced or prevented the amount of insulin passing through the skin, regardless of the geometry of the MNs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Tao Han
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Diganta Bhusan Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Zhang D, Rielly CD, Das DB. Microneedle-assisted microparticle delivery by gene guns: experiments and modeling on the effects of particle characteristics. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:335-50. [PMID: 24524342 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.887158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have been shown to enhance the penetration depths of microparticles delivered by gene gun. This study aims to investigate the penetration of model microparticle materials, namely, tungsten (<1 μm diameter) and stainless steel (18 and 30 μm diameters) into a skin mimicking agarose gel to determine the effects of particle characteristics (mainly particle size). A number of experiments have been processed to analyze the passage percentage and the penetration depth of these microparticles in relation to the operating pressures and MN lengths. A comparison between the stainless steel and tungsten microparticles has been discussed, e.g. passage percentage, penetration depth. The passage percentage of tungsten microparticles is found to be less than the stainless steel. It is worth mentioning that the tungsten microparticles present unfavourable results which show that they cannot penetrate into the skin mimicking agarose gel without the help of MN due to insufficient momentum due to the smaller particle size. This condition does not occur for stainless steel microparticles. In order to further understand the penetration of the microparticles, a mathematical model has been built based on the experimental set up. The penetration depth of the microparticles is analyzed in relation to the size, operating pressure and MN length for conditions that cannot be obtained in the experiments. In addition, the penetration depth difference between stainless steel and tungsten microparticles is studied using the developed model to further understand the effect of an increased particle density and size on the penetration depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
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