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Hassan J, Saeed SM, Deka L, Uddin MJ, Das DB. Applications of Machine Learning (ML) and Mathematical Modeling (MM) in Healthcare with Special Focus on Cancer Prognosis and Anticancer Therapy: Current Status and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:260. [PMID: 38399314 PMCID: PMC10892549 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The use of data-driven high-throughput analytical techniques, which has given rise to computational oncology, is undisputed. The widespread use of machine learning (ML) and mathematical modeling (MM)-based techniques is widely acknowledged. These two approaches have fueled the advancement in cancer research and eventually led to the uptake of telemedicine in cancer care. For diagnostic, prognostic, and treatment purposes concerning different types of cancer research, vast databases of varied information with manifold dimensions are required, and indeed, all this information can only be managed by an automated system developed utilizing ML and MM. In addition, MM is being used to probe the relationship between the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (PK/PD interactions) of anti-cancer substances to improve cancer treatment, and also to refine the quality of existing treatment models by being incorporated at all steps of research and development related to cancer and in routine patient care. This review will serve as a consolidation of the advancement and benefits of ML and MM techniques with a special focus on the area of cancer prognosis and anticancer therapy, leading to the identification of challenges (data quantity, ethical consideration, and data privacy) which are yet to be fully addressed in current studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmin Hassan
- Drug Delivery & Therapeutics Lab, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh; (J.H.); (S.M.S.)
| | | | - Lipika Deka
- Faculty of Computing, Engineering and Media, De Montfort University, Leicester LE1 9BH, UK;
| | - Md Jasim Uddin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
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Ashour MM, Mabrouk M, Aboelnasr MA, Beherei HH, Tohamy KM, Das DB. Anti-Obesity Drug Delivery Systems: Recent Progress and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2635. [PMID: 38004612 PMCID: PMC10674714 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has reached an epidemic proportion in the last thirty years, and it is recognized as a major health issue in modern society now with the possibility of serious social and economic consequences. By the year 2030, nearly 60% of the global population may be obese or overweight, which emphasizes a need for novel obesity treatments. Various traditional approaches, such as pharmacotherapy and bariatric surgery, have been utilized in clinical settings to treat obesity. However, these methods frequently show the possibility of side effects while remaining ineffective. There is, therefore, an urgent need for alternative obesity treatments with improved efficacy and specificity. Polymeric materials and chemical strategies are employed in emerging drug delivery systems (DDSs) to enhance therapy effectiveness and specificity by stabilizing and controlling the release of active molecules such as natural ingredients. Designing DDSs is currently a top priority research objective with an eye towards creating obesity treatment approaches. In reality, the most recent trends in the literature demonstrate that there are not enough in-depth reviews that emphasize the current knowledge based on the creation and design of DDSs for obesity treatment. It is also observed in the existing literature that a complex interplay of different physical and chemical parameters must be considered carefully to determine the effectiveness of the DDSs, including microneedles, for obesity treatment. Additionally, it is observed that these properties depend on how the DDS is synthesized. Although many studies are at the animal-study stage, the use of more advanced DDS techniques would significantly enhance the development of safe and efficient treatment approaches for obese people in the future. Considering these, this review provides an overview of the current anti-obesity treatment approaches as well as the conventional anti-obesity therapeutics. The article aims to conduct an in-depth discussion on the current trends in obesity treatment approaches. Filling in this knowledge gap will lead to a greater understanding of the safest ways to manage obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M. Ashour
- School of Biotechnology, Badr University in Cairo, Badr City, Cairo 11829, Egypt;
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Mohamed A. Aboelnasr
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Hanan H. Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt;
| | - Khairy M. Tohamy
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo 11884, Egypt; (M.A.A.); (K.M.T.)
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK
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Mabrouk M, Mousa SM, Shalaby MB, Shalby AB, Beherei HH, Das DB. ptian corals-based calcium silicate (CaS) nanopowders doped with zinc/copper for improved chemical stability and treatment of calvarial defects. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.130875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Mabrouk M, Abd El-Wahab RM, Abo-Elfadl MT, Beherei HH, Selim MM, Ibrahim AM, Das DB. Magnetic nanosystems substituted with zinc for enhanced antibacterial, drug delivery and cell viability behaviours. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2022.129629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Mabrouk M, Ismail E, Beherei H, Abo-Elfadl MT, Salem ZA, Das DB, AbuBakr N. Biocompatibility of hydroxyethyl cellulose/glycine/RuO 2 composite scaffolds for neural-like cells. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 209:2097-2108. [PMID: 35504415 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.04.190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of scaffolds for nerve regeneration is one of the most challenging topics in regenerative medicine at the moment, which is also interlinked with the development of biocompatible substrates for cells growth. This work is targeted towards the development of green biomaterial composite scaffolds for nerve cell culture applications. Hybrid scaffolds of hydroxyethyl cellulose/glycine (HEC/Gly) composite doped with different concentrations of green ruthenium oxide (RuO2) were synthesized and characterized via a combination of different techniques. X-rays diffraction (XRD) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analyses showed a crystalline nature for all the samples with noticeable decrease in the peak intensity of the fabricated scaffolds as compared to that for pure glycine. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) tests revealed an increase in the vibrational bands of the synthesized RuO2 containing scaffolds which are related to the functional groups of the natural plant extract (Aspalathuslinearis) used for RuO2 nanoparticles (NPs) synthesis. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results revealed a 3D porous structure of the scaffolds with variant features attributed to the concentration of RuO2 NPs in the scaffold. The compressive test results recorded an enhancement in mechanical properties of the fabricated scaffolds (up to 8.55 MPa), proportionally correlated to increasing the RuO2 NPs concentration in HEC/Gly composite scaffold. Our biocompatibility tests revealed that the composite scaffolds doped with 1 and 2 ml of RuO2 demonstrated the highest proliferation percentages (152.2 and 135.6%) compared to control. Finally, the SEM analyses confirmed the impressive cells attachments and differentiation onto the scaffold surfaces as evidenced by the presence of many neuron-like cells with apparent cell bodies and possessing few short neurite-like processes. The presence of RuO2 and glycine was due to their extraordinary biocompatibility due to their cytoprotective and regenerative effects. Therefore, we conclude that these scaffolds are promising for accommodation and growth of neural-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Enas Ismail
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town 7505, South Africa; Physics Department, Faculty of Science (Girl's branch), Al Azhar University, Nasr City, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanan Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza, P.O.12622, Egypt.
| | - Mahmoud T Abo-Elfadl
- Cancer Biology and Genetics Laboratory, Centre of Excellence for Advanced Sciences, National Research Centre, 33 El-Buhouth Street, Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt; Biochemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, Egypt
| | - Zeinab A Salem
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Nermeen AbuBakr
- Oral Biology Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Hariharan P, Sundarrajan S, Arthanareeswaran G, Seshan S, Das DB, Ismail AF. Advancements in modification of membrane materials over membrane separation for biomedical applications-Review. Environ Res 2022; 204:112045. [PMID: 34536369 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive overview of various modifications carried out on polymeric membranes for biomedical applications has been presented in this review paper. In particular, different methods of carrying out these modifications have been discussed. The uniqueness of the review lies in the sense that it discusses the surface modification techniques traversing the timeline from traditionally well-established technologies to emerging new techniques, thus giving an intuitive understanding of the evolution of surface modification techniques over time. A critical comparison of the advantages and pitfalls of commonly used traditional and emerging surface modification techniques have been discussed. The paper also highlights the tuning of specific properties of polymeric membranes that are critical for their increased applications in the biomedical industry specifically in drug delivery, along with current challenges faced and where the future potential of research in the field of surface modification of membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pooja Hariharan
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - Sujithra Sundarrajan
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - G Arthanareeswaran
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India.
| | - Sunanda Seshan
- Membrane Research Laboratory, Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, 620015, India
| | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - A F Ismail
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia
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Garg A, Yadav BK, Das DB, Wood PJ. Improving the assessment of polluted sites using an integrated bio-physico-chemical monitoring framework. Chemosphere 2022; 290:133344. [PMID: 34922961 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.133344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Soil - water pollution resulting from anthropogenic activities is a growing concern internationally. Effective monitoring techniques play a crucial role in the detection, prevention, and remediation of polluted sites. Current pollution monitoring practices in many geographical locations are primarily based on physico-chemical assessments which do not always reflect the potential toxicity of contaminant 'cocktails' and harmful chemicals not screened for routinely. Biomonitoring provides a range of sensitive techniques to characterise the eco-toxicological effects of chemical contamination. The bioavailability of contaminants, in addition to their effects on organisms at the molecular, cellular, individual, and community level allows the characterisation of the overall health status of polluted sites and ecosystems. Quantifying bioaccumulation, changes to community structure, faunal morphology, behavioural, and biochemical responses are standard procedures employed in biomonitoring studies in many High-Income Countries (HICs). This review highlights the need to integrate biomonitoring tools alongside physico-chemical monitoring techniques by using 'effect-based' tools to provide more holistic information on the ecological impairment of soil-water systems. This paper considers the wider implementation of biomonitoring methods in Low to Middle Income Countries (LMICs) and their significance in pollution investigations and proposes an integrated monitoring framework that can identify toxicity drivers by utilising 'effect-based' and 'risk-based' monitoring approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Garg
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Brijesh K Yadav
- Department of Hydrology, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Uttarakhand, India.
| | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - Paul J Wood
- Geography and Environment, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
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Moaness M, Mabrouk M, Ahmed MM, Das DB, Beherei HH. Novel zinc-silver nanocages for drug delivery and wound healing: Preparation, characterization and antimicrobial activities. Int J Pharm 2022; 616:121559. [PMID: 35134482 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Metal organic framework (MOF)-nanocages (MOF-NCs) in the form of zinc-based nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized as drug carriers for the purpose of wound healing. The prepared NCs (single and bi-metallic with silver-MOF) were based on zinc and they were loaded with ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a model drug which accelerates wound healing. The NCs were then investigated by several characterization techniques such as XRD, TEM, FTIR and BET surface area. Furthermore, the release behavior of the loaded ascorbic acid from the developed NCs was measured in phosphate buffer solution (PBS). NCs antibacterial activity was tested against strain of gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus ATCC- 29213, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC-19615 and Bacillus subtilis ATCC-6633), gram-negative bacteria strain (Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC-27853and Escherichia coli ATCC-25922) and fungi (Candida albicans ATCC-10231).The physicochemical features of the NCs were confirmed by the results obtained from XRD and FTIR measurements. The particle size of the NCs was confirmed to be in the range of 30-50 nm. Prolonged drug release that was combined with impressive antibacterial activities, and good wound healing rates were also recognized for the zinc based NCs in comparison to commonly used Ag NPs. It is concluded that the current NCs are potentially suitable for wound healing and drug delivery applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Moaness
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, PO Box 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, PO Box 12622 Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Manar M Ahmed
- Glass Research Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, El Bohouth St., Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, Advanced Materials, Technology and Mineral Resources Research Institute, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St., Dokki, PO Box 12622 Cairo, Egypt
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da Silveira Maranhão F, Gomes F, Thode S, Das DB, Pereira E, Lima N, Carvalho F, Aboelkheir M, Costa V, Pal K. Oil Spill Sorber Based on Extrinsically Magnetizable Porous Geopolymer. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14195641. [PMID: 34640038 PMCID: PMC8510211 DOI: 10.3390/ma14195641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Environmental impacts are increasingly due to the human polluting activities. Therefore, there is a need to develop technologies capable of removing contamination and driving the impacted environment as close as possible to its inherent characteristics. One of the major problems still faced is the spill of oil into water. Therefore, to solve the environmental problem, this work shows the use of magnetically modified geopolymer materials as an oil remover from water with a magnet’s aid. The results obtained were outstanding since the average intrinsic oil removal capability (IORC) was 150 g/g. The presented IORC is the largest found in the materials produced by our research group, constituting an extremely encouraging result, mainly because of the ease of preparing the magnetic geopolymer system. Furthermore, the low cost of production and the material’s capability to be reused as filler of polymer or even cementitious matrices allows us to project that this nanocomposite can be widely used, constituting an economically viable alternative for more efficient environmental recovery processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabíola da Silveira Maranhão
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Fernando Gomes
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
- Programa de Engenharia da Nanotecnologia, COPPE, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco I. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-594, RJ, Brazil
- Correspondence:
| | - Sérgio Thode
- Núcleo de Monitoramento Ambiental, Instituto Federal de Ciência e Tecnologia do Rio de Janeiro, Av. República do Paraguai, 120, Vila Sarapui, Duque de Caxias 25050-100, RJ, Brazil;
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK;
| | - Emiliane Pereira
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Nathali Lima
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Fernanda Carvalho
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Mostafa Aboelkheir
- Programa de Engenharia Civil, Universidade São Judas Tadeu, Rua Taquari, 546, Mooca, São Paulo 03166-000, SP, Brazil;
| | - Vitor Costa
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
| | - Kaushik Pal
- Instituto de Macromoléculas, Professora Eloisa Mano, Centro de Tecnologia-Cidade Universitária, Av. Horacio Macedo, 2030, Bloco J. Universidade Federal de Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 21941-598, RJ, Brazil; (F.d.S.M.); (E.P.); (N.L.); (F.C.); (V.C.); (K.P.)
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Wang S, Suhaimi H, Mabrouk M, Georgiadou S, Ward JP, Das DB. Effects of Scaffold Pore Morphologies on Glucose Transport Limitations in Hollow Fibre Membrane Bioreactor for Bone Tissue Engineering: Experiments and Numerical Modelling. Membranes (Basel) 2021; 11:membranes11040257. [PMID: 33918241 PMCID: PMC8065773 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 03/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In the current research, three electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) scaffolds with different pore morphology induced by changing the electrospinning parameters, spinning time and rate, have been prepared in order to provide a fundamental understanding on the effects pore morphology have on nutrient transport behaviour in hollow fibre membrane bioreactor (HFMB). After determining the porosity of the scaffolds, they were investigated for glucose diffusivity using cell culture media (CCM) and distilled water in a diffusion cell at 37 °C. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of the microstructure of the scaffolds were analysed further using ImageJ software to determine the porosity and glucose diffusivity. A Krogh cylinder model was used to determine the glucose transport profile with dimensionless variables within the HFMB. The paper discusses the roles of various dimensionless numbers (e.g., Péclet and Damköhler numbers) and non-dimensional groups of variables (e.g., non-dimensional fibre radius) on determining glucose concentration profiles, especially in the scaffold region. A negative linear relationship between glucose diffusivities across PCL scaffolds and the minimum glucose concentrations (i.e., concentration on the outer fibre edge on the outlet side (at z = 1 and r = 3.2) was also found. It was shown that the efficiency of glucose consumption improves with scaffolds of higher diffusivities. The results of this study are expected to help in optimizing designs of HFMB as well as carry out more accurate up scaling analyses for the bioreactor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Wang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK; (S.W.); (H.S.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Hazwani Suhaimi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK; (S.W.); (H.S.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - Mostafa Mabrouk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK; (S.W.); (H.S.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, Giza P.O. Box 12622, Egypt
| | - Stella Georgiadou
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK; (S.W.); (H.S.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
| | - John P. Ward
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK;
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK; (S.W.); (H.S.); (M.M.); (S.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1-509-222-509
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Mabrouk M, Das DB, Salem ZA, Beherei HH. Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications: Production, Characterisations, Recent Trends and Difficulties. Molecules 2021; 26:1077. [PMID: 33670668 PMCID: PMC7922738 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Designing of nanomaterials has now become a top-priority research goal with a view to developing specific applications in the biomedical fields. In fact, the recent trends in the literature show that there is a lack of in-depth reviews that specifically highlight the current knowledge based on the design and production of nanomaterials. Considerations of size, shape, surface charge and microstructures are important factors in this regard as they affect the performance of nanoparticles (NPs). These parameters are also found to be dependent on their synthesis methods. The characterisation techniques that have been used for the investigation of these nanomaterials are relatively different in their concepts, sample preparation methods and obtained results. Consequently, this review article aims to carry out an in-depth discussion on the recent trends on nanomaterials for biomedical engineering, with a particular emphasis on the choices of the nanomaterials, preparation methods/instruments and characterisations techniques used for designing of nanomaterials. Key applications of these nanomaterials, such as tissue regeneration, medication delivery and wound healing, are also discussed briefly. Covering this knowledge gap will result in a better understanding of the role of nanomaterial design and subsequent larger-scale applications in terms of both its potential and difficulties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrir St), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Zeinab A. Salem
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Cairo University, Giza P.O. 12613, Egypt;
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, 6 October City P.O. 12573, Egypt
| | - Hanan H. Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrir St), Dokki, Giza P.O. 12622, Egypt;
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Rambabu K, Bharath G, Thanigaivelan A, Das DB, Show PL, Banat F. Augmented biohydrogen production from rice mill wastewater through nano-metal oxides assisted dark fermentation. Bioresour Technol 2021; 319:124243. [PMID: 33254466 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.124243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study highlights biohydrogen production enrichment through NiO and CoO nanoparticles (NPs) inclusion to dark fermentation of rice mill wastewater using Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 791. NiO (~26 nm) and CoO (~50 nm) NPs were intrinsically prepared via facile hydrothermal method with polyhedral morphology and high purity. Dosage dependency studies revealed the maximum biohydrogen production characteristics for 1.5 mg/L concentration of both NPs. Biohydrogen yield was improved by 2.09 and 1.9 folds higher for optimum dosage of NiO and CoO respectively, compared to control run without NPs. Co-metabolites analysis confirmed the biohydrogen production through acetate and butyrate pathways. Maximum COD reduction efficiencies of 77.6% and 69.5% were observed for NiO and CoO inclusions respectively, which were higher than control run (57.5%). Gompertz kinetic model fitted well with experimental data of NPs assisted fermentation. Thus, NiO and CoO inclusions to wastewater fermentation seems to be a promising technique for augmented biohydrogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Rambabu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - G Bharath
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - A Thanigaivelan
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - D B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Pau Loke Show
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, University of Nottingham Malaysia, 43500 Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Fawzi Banat
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Khalifa University, P.O. Box 127788, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
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Mabrouk M, Rajendran R, Soliman IE, Ashour MM, Beherei HH, Tohamy KM, Thomas S, Kalarikkal N, Arthanareeswaran G, Das DB. Nanoparticle- and Nanoporous-Membrane-Mediated Delivery of Therapeutics. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:E294. [PMID: 31234394 PMCID: PMC6631283 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11060294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pharmaceutical particulates and membranes possess promising prospects for delivering drugs and bioactive molecules with the potential to improve drug delivery strategies like sustained and controlled release. For example, inorganic-based nanoparticles such as silica-, titanium-, zirconia-, calcium-, and carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions smaller than 100 nm have been extensively developed for biomedical applications. Furthermore, inorganic nanoparticles possess magnetic, optical, and electrical properties, which make them suitable for various therapeutic applications including targeting, diagnosis, and drug delivery. Their properties may also be tuned by controlling different parameters, e.g., particle size, shape, surface functionalization, and interactions among them. In a similar fashion, membranes have several functions which are useful in sensing, sorting, imaging, separating, and releasing bioactive or drug molecules. Engineered membranes have been developed for their usage in controlled drug delivery devices. The latest advancement in the technology is therefore made possible to regulate the physico-chemical properties of the membrane pores, which enables the control of drug delivery. The current review aims to highlight the role of both pharmaceutical particulates and membranes over the last fifteen years based on their preparation method, size, shape, surface functionalization, and drug delivery potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Mabrouk
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrirst)-Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Rajakumari Rajendran
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | - Islam E Soliman
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | | | - Hanan H Beherei
- Refractories, Ceramics and Building Materials Department, National Research Centre, 33 El Bohouth St (former EL Tahrirst)-Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt.
| | - Khairy M Tohamy
- Biophysics Branch, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt.
| | - Sabu Thomas
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | - Nandakumar Kalarikkal
- International and Inter-University Centre for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Mahatma Gandhi University, Kottayam, Kerala 686560, India.
| | | | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE113TU, UK.
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Elakkiya S, Arthanareeswaran G, Ismail A, Das DB, Suganya R. Polyaniline coated sulfonated TiO2 nanoparticles for effective application in proton conductive polymer membrane fuel cell. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2018.10.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Gnanasekaran G, Balaguru S, Arthanareeswaran G, Das DB. Removal of hazardous material from wastewater by using metal organic framework (MOF) embedded polymeric membranes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/01496395.2018.1508232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sasikumar Balaguru
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Tiruchirappalli, India
| | | | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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Beherei HH, Shaltout AA, Mabrouk M, Abdelwahed NA, Das DB. Influence of Niobium Pentoxide Particulates on the Properties of Brushite/Gelatin/Alginate Membranes. J Pharm Sci 2018; 107:1361-1371. [DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abdullah NS, Das DB, Ye H, Cui ZF. 3D Bone Tissue Growth in Hollow Fibre Membrane Bioreactor: Implications of Various Process Parameters on Tissue Nutrition. Int J Artif Organs 2018; 29:841-51. [PMID: 17033991 DOI: 10.1177/039139880602900905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
New experimental evidence shows that hollow fibre membrane bioreactor (HFMB) may be applied to grow bulky bone tissues which may then be implanted into patients to repair skeletal defects. To design effective bone tissue engineering protocols, it is necessary to determine the quantitative relationships between the cell environment and tissue behaviour in HFMBs and their relationship with nutrient supply. It is also necessary to determine under what conditions nutritional limitations may occur and, hence, may cause cell death. These require that the appropriate bioreactor conditions for generating neotissues, and the nutrient transfer behaviour and chemical reaction during cell growth and extracellular matrix formation are studied thoroughly. In this paper, we aim to use an existing mathematical framework to analyse the influence of various relevant parameters on nutrient supply for bone tissue growth in HFMB. We adopt the well-known Krogh cylinder approximation of the HFMB. The model parameters (e.g., cell metabolic rates) and operating conditions for the mathematical model have been obtained from, or correspond to, in-house experiments with the exception of a few variables which have been taken from the literature. The framework is then used to study oxygen and glucose transport behaviour in the HFMB. Influence of a number of important process parameters, e.g., reaction kinetics, cell density, inlet concentration of nutrients, etc, on the nutrient distributions have been systematically analysed. The work presented in this paper provides insights on unfavourable system designs and specifications which may be avoided to prevent mass transfer limitations for growing bone tissues in HFMB.
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Affiliation(s)
- N S Abdullah
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford - UK
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Uppuluri C, Shaik AS, Han T, Nayak A, Nair KJ, Whiteside BR, Nalluri BN, Das DB. Effect of Microneedle Type on Transdermal Permeation of Rizatriptan. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1495-1506. [PMID: 28078629 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-016-0702-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of salient microneedle (MN) geometry parameters like length, density, shape and type on transdermal permeation of rizatriptan (RIZ). Studies were carried out using two types of MN devices viz. AdminPatch® arrays (ADM) (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 mm lengths) and laboratory-fabricated polymeric MNs (PMs) of 0.6 mm length. In the case of the PMs, arrays were applied three times at different places within a 1.77-cm2 skin area (PM-3) to maintain the MN density closer to 0.6 mm ADM. Histological studies revealed that PM, owing to their geometry/design, formed wider and deeper microconduits when compared to ADM of similar length. Approximately 4.9- and 4.2-fold increases in the RIZ steady-state flux values were observed with 1.5 mm ADM and PM-3 applications when compared to the passive studies. A good correlation between different dimensionless parameters like the amount of RIZ permeated (C t /C s), thickness (h/L) and surface area (S a/L 2) of the skin was observed with scaling analyses. Numerical simulations provided further information regarding the distribution of RIZ in MN-treated skin after application of different MNs. Overall, the study suggests that MN application enhances the RIZ transdermal permeation and the geometrical parameters of MNs play an important role in the degree enhancement.
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Medhi P, Olatunji O, Nayak A, Uppuluri CT, Olsson RT, Nalluri BN, Das DB. Lidocaine-loaded fish scale-nanocellulose biopolymer composite microneedles. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:1488-1494. [PMID: 28353171 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0758-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedle (MN) technology has emerged as an effective drug delivery system, and it has tremendous potential as a patient friendly substitute for conventional methods for transdermal drug delivery (TDD). In this paper, we report on the preparation of lidocaine-loaded biodegradable microneedles, which are manufactured from fish scale-derived collagen. Lidocaine, a common tissue numbing anaesthetic, is loaded in these microneedles with an aim of delivering the drug with controlled skin permeation. Evaluation of lidocaine permeation in porcine skin has been successfully performed using Franz diffusion cell (FDC) which has shown that the drug permeation rate increases from 2.5 to 7.5% w/w after 36 h and pseudo steady state profile is observed from 5.0 to 10.0% w/w lidocaine-loaded microneedle. Swelling experiments have suggested that the microneedles have negligible swellability which implies that the patch would stick to the tissue when inserted. The experiments on MN dissolution have depicted that the lidocaine loaded in the patch is lower than the theoretical loading, which is expected as there can be losses of the drug during initial process manufacture.
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Uppuluri CT, Devineni J, Han T, Nayak A, Nair KJ, Whiteside BR, Das DB, Nalluri BN. Microneedle-assisted transdermal delivery of Zolmitriptan: effect of microneedle geometry, in vitro permeation experiments, scaling analyses and numerical simulations. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2017; 43:1292-1303. [PMID: 28375038 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2017.1313862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of salient microneedle (MN) geometry parameters like length, density, shape and type on transdermal permeation enhancement of Zolmitriptan (ZMT). METHODS Two types of MN devices viz. AdminPatch® arrays (ADM) (0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 mm lengths) and laboratory fabricated polymeric MNs (PM) of 0.6 mm length were employed. In the case of PMs, arrays were applied thrice at different places within a 1.77 cm2 skin area (PM-3) to maintain the MN density closer to 0.6 mm ADM. Scaling analyses was done using dimensionless parameters like concentration of ZMT (Ct/Cs), thickness (h/L) and surface area of the skin (Sa/L2). RESULTS Micro-injection molding technique was employed to fabricate PM. Histological studies revealed that the PM, owing to their geometry/design, formed wider and deeper microconduits when compared to ADM of similar length. Approximately 3.17- and 3.65-fold increase in ZMT flux values were observed with 1.5 mm ADM and PM-3 applications when compared to the passive studies. Good correlations were observed between different dimensionless parameters with scaling analyses. Numerical simulations, using MATLAB and COMSOL software, based on experimental data and histological images provided information regarding the ZMT skin distribution after MN application. DISCUSSION Both from experimental studies and simulations, it was inferred that PM were more effective in enhancing the transdermal delivery of ZMT when compared to ADM. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that MN application enhances the ZMT transdermal permeation and the geometrical parameters of MNs play an important role in the degree of such enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Teja Uppuluri
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , KVSR Siddahrtha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vijayawada , India
| | - Jyothirmayee Devineni
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , KVSR Siddahrtha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vijayawada , India
| | - Tao Han
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Atul Nayak
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Kartik J Nair
- c Department of Engineering and Informatics , University of Bradford , Bradford , UK
| | - Benjamin R Whiteside
- c Department of Engineering and Informatics , University of Bradford , Bradford , UK
| | - Diganta B Das
- b Department of Chemical Engineering , Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
| | - Buchi N Nalluri
- a Department of Pharmaceutics , KVSR Siddahrtha College of Pharmaceutical Sciences , Vijayawada , India
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Chao TC, Arjmandi-Tash O, Das DB, Starov VM. Simultaneous spreading and imbibition of blood droplets over porous substrates in the case of partial wetting. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2015.10.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Leeladurga V, Teja UC, Sultana SKA, Sudeep K, Anusha VSS, Han T, Nalluri BN, Das DB. Application of Microneedle Arrays for Enhancement of Transdermal Permeation of Insulin: In Vitro Experiments, Scaling Analyses and Numerical Simulations. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:915-22. [PMID: 26729523 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0416-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this investigation is to study the effect of donor concentration and microneedle (MN) length on permeation of insulin and further evaluating the data using scaling analyses and numerical simulations. Histological evaluation of skin sections was carried to evaluate the skin disruption and depth of penetration by MNs. Scaling analyses were done using dimensionless parameters like concentration of drug (C t/C s), thickness (h/L) and surface area of the skin (S a/L (2)). Simulation studies were carried out using MATLAB and COMSOL software to simulate the insulin permeation using histological sections of MN-treated skin and experimental parameters like passive diffusion coefficient. A 1.6-fold increase in transdermal flux and 1.9-fold decrease in lag time values were observed with 1.5 mm MN when compared with passive studies. Good correlation (R (2) > 0.99) was observed between different parameters using scaling analyses. Also, the in vitro and simulated permeations profiles were found to be similar (f 2 ≥ 50). Insulin permeation significantly increased with increase in donor concentration and MN length (p < 0.05). The developed scaling correlations and numerical simulations were found to be accurate and would help researchers to predict the permeation of insulin with new dimensions of MN in optimizing insulin delivery. Overall, it can be inferred that the application of MNs can significantly enhance insulin permeation and may be an efficient alternative for injectable insulin therapy in humans.
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Nayak A, Das DB, Chao TC, Starov VM. Spreading of a Lidocaine Formulation on Microneedle-Treated Skin. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:4109-4116. [PMID: 26343548 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The spreadability of a liquid drug formulation on skin is an indication of it either remaining stationary or distributing (spreading) as a droplet. Factors determining droplet spreadability of the formulation are spreading area, diameter of the droplet base, viscosity of the liquid, contact angle, volume of droplet on skin and any others. The creation of microcavities from the application of microneedle (MN) has the potential to control droplet spreading, and hence, target specific areas of skin for drug delivery. However, there is little work that demonstrates spreading of liquid drug formulation on MN-treated skin. Below, spreading of a lidocaine hydrogel formulation and lidocaine solution (reference liquid) on porcine skin is investigated over MN-treated skin. Controlled spreadability was achieved with the lidocaine hydrogel on MN-treated skin as compared with lidocaine solution. It was observed that the droplet spreading parameters such as spreading radius, droplet height and dynamic contact angle were slightly lower for the lidocaine hydrogel than the lidocaine solution on skin. Also, the lidocaine hydrogel on MN-treated skin resulted in slower dynamic reduction of droplet height, contact angle and reduced time taken in attaining static advancing droplets because of the MN microcavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atul Nayak
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK.
| | - Tzu C Chao
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Victor M Starov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
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Chao TC, Arjmandi-Tash O, Das DB, Starov VM. Spreading of blood drops over dry porous substrate: Complete wetting case. J Colloid Interface Sci 2015; 446:218-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2015.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 01/20/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Affiliation(s)
- Karmen Cheung
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK
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Das DB, Gill BS, Abidoye LK, Khudaida KJ. A numerical study of dynamic capillary pressure effect for supercritical carbon dioxide-water flow in porous domain. AIChE J 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.14577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Diganta B. Das
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Loughborough University; Loughborough LE11 3TU Leicestershire U.K
| | - Bhupinder S. Gill
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Loughborough University; Loughborough LE11 3TU Leicestershire U.K
| | - Luqman K. Abidoye
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Loughborough University; Loughborough LE11 3TU Leicestershire U.K
| | - Kamal J. Khudaida
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering; Loughborough University; Loughborough LE11 3TU Leicestershire U.K
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Chao TC, Trybala A, Starov V, Das DB. Influence of haematocrit level on the kinetics of blood spreading on thin porous medium during dried blood spot sampling. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Zhang D, Rielly CD, Das DB. Microneedle-assisted microparticle delivery by gene guns: experiments and modeling on the effects of particle characteristics. Drug Deliv 2014; 22:335-50. [PMID: 24524342 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2014.887158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have been shown to enhance the penetration depths of microparticles delivered by gene gun. This study aims to investigate the penetration of model microparticle materials, namely, tungsten (<1 μm diameter) and stainless steel (18 and 30 μm diameters) into a skin mimicking agarose gel to determine the effects of particle characteristics (mainly particle size). A number of experiments have been processed to analyze the passage percentage and the penetration depth of these microparticles in relation to the operating pressures and MN lengths. A comparison between the stainless steel and tungsten microparticles has been discussed, e.g. passage percentage, penetration depth. The passage percentage of tungsten microparticles is found to be less than the stainless steel. It is worth mentioning that the tungsten microparticles present unfavourable results which show that they cannot penetrate into the skin mimicking agarose gel without the help of MN due to insufficient momentum due to the smaller particle size. This condition does not occur for stainless steel microparticles. In order to further understand the penetration of the microparticles, a mathematical model has been built based on the experimental set up. The penetration depth of the microparticles is analyzed in relation to the size, operating pressure and MN length for conditions that cannot be obtained in the experiments. In addition, the penetration depth difference between stainless steel and tungsten microparticles is studied using the developed model to further understand the effect of an increased particle density and size on the penetration depth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough , UK
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Zhang D, Das DB, Rielly CD. Microneedle assisted micro-particle delivery from gene guns: experiments using skin-mimicking agarose gel. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:613-27. [PMID: 24399616 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Revised: 11/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A set of laboratory experiments has been carried out to determine if micro-needles (MNs) can enhance penetration depths of high-speed micro-particles delivered by a type of gene gun. The micro-particles were fired into a model target material, agarose gel, which was prepared to mimic the viscoelastic properties of porcine skin. The agarose gel was chosen as a model target as it can be prepared as a homogeneous and transparent medium with controllable and reproducible properties allowing accurate determination of penetration depths. Insertions of various MNs into gels have been analysed to show that the length of the holes increases with an increase in the agarose concentration. The penetration depths of micro-particle were analysed in relation to a number of variables, namely the operating pressure, the particle size, the size of a mesh used for particle separation and the MN dimensions. The results suggest that the penetration depths increase with an increase of the mesh pore size, because of the passage of large agglomerates. As these particles seem to damage the target surface, then smaller mesh sizes are recommended; here, a mesh with a pore size of 178 μm was used for the majority of the experiments. The operating pressure provides a positive effect on the penetration depth, that is it increases as pressure is increased. Further, as expected, an application of MNs maximises the micro-particle penetration depth. The maximum penetration depth is found to increase as the lengths of the MNs increase, for example it is found to be 1272 ± 42, 1009 ± 49 and 656 ± 85 μm at 4.5 bar pressure for spherical micro-particles of 18 ± 7 μm diameter when we used MNs of 1500, 1200 and 750 μm length, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE113TU, UK
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Abstract
CONTEXT Gene guns have been used to deliver deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) loaded micro-particle and breach the muscle tissue to target cells of interest to achieve gene transfection. OBJECTIVE This article aims to discuss the potential of microneedle (MN) assisted micro-particle delivery from gene guns, with a view to reducing tissue damage. METHODS Using a range of sources, the main gene guns for micro-particle delivery are reviewed along with the primary features of their technology, e.g. their design configurations, the material selection of the micro-particle, the driving gas type and pressure. Depending on the gene gun system, the achieved penetration depths in the skin are discussed as a function of the gas pressure, the type of the gene gun system and particle size, velocity and density. The concept of MN-assisted micro-particles delivery which consists of three stages (namely, acceleration, separation and decoration stage) is discussed. In this method, solid MNs are inserted into the skin to penetrate the epidermis/dermis layer and create holes for particle injection. Several designs of MN array are discussed and the insertion mechanism is explored, as it determines the feasibility of the MN-based system for particle transfer. RESULTS This review suggests that one of the problems of gene guns is that they need high operating pressures, which may result in direct or indirect tissue/cells damage. MNs seem to be a promising method which if combined with the gene guns may reduce the operating pressures for these devices and reduce tissue/cell damages. CONCLUSIONS There is sufficient potential for MN-assisted particle delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University , Loughborough, Leicestershire , UK
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Vladisavljević GT, Shahmohamadi H, Das DB, Ekanem EE, Tauanov Z, Sharma L. Glass capillary microfluidics for production of monodispersed poly (DL-lactic acid) and polycaprolactone microparticles: experiments and numerical simulations. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 418:163-70. [PMID: 24461831 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
HYPOTHESIS Droplet size in microfluidic devices is affected by wettability of the microfluidic channels. Three-dimensional countercurrent flow focusing using assemblies of chemically inert glass capillaries is expected to minimize wetting of the channel walls by the organic solvent. EXPERIMENTS Monodispersed polycaprolactone and poly(lactic acid) particles with a diameter of 18-150 μm were produced by evaporation of solvent (dichloromethane or 1:2 mixture of chloroform and toluene) from oil-in-water or water-in-oil-in-water emulsions produced in three-dimensional flow focusing glass capillary devices. The drop generation behaviour was simulated numerically using the volume of fluid method. FINDINGS The numerical results showed good agreement with high-speed video recordings. Monodispersed droplets were produced in the dripping regime when the ratio of the continuous phase flow rate to dispersed phase flow rate was 5-20 and the Weber number of the dispersed phase was less than 0.01. The porosity of polycaprolactone particles increased from 8 to 62% when 30 wt% of the water phase was incorporated in the organic phase prior to emulsification. The inner water phase was loaded with 0.156 wt% lidocaine hydrochloride to achieve a sustained drug release. 26% of lidocaine was released after 1 h and more than 93% of the drug was released after 130 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran T Vladisavljević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
| | - Hamed Shahmohamadi
- Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Diganta B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Ekanem E Ekanem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Zhandos Tauanov
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Lav Sharma
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Zhang D, Das DB, Rielly CD. An experimental study of microneedle-assisted microparticle delivery. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:3632-44. [PMID: 23893898 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Revised: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A set of well-defined experiments has been carried out to explore whether microneedles (MNs) can enhance the penetration depths of microparticles moving at high velocity such as those expected in gene guns for delivery of gene-loaded microparticles into target tissues. These experiments are based on applying solid MNs that are used to reduce the effect of mechanical barrier function of the target so as to allow delivery of microparticles at less imposed pressure as compared with most typical gene guns. Further, a low-cost material, namely, biomedical-grade stainless steel microparticle with size ranging between 1 and 20 μm, has been used in this study. The microparticles are compressed and bound in the form of a cylindrical pellet and mounted on a ground slide, which are then accelerated together by compressed air through a barrel. When the ground slide reaches the end of the barrel, the pellet is separated from the ground slide and is broken down into particle form by a mesh that is placed at the end of the barrel. Subsequently, these particles penetrate into the target. This paper investigates the implications of velocity of the pellet along with various other important factors that affect the particle delivery into the target. Our results suggest that the particle passage increases with an increase in pressure, mesh pore size, and decreases with increase in polyvinylpyrrolidone concentration. Most importantly, it is shown that MNs increase the penetration depths of the particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Zhang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE113TU, Leicestershire, UK
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Olatunji O, Das DB, Garland MJ, Belaid L, Donnelly RF. Influence of array interspacing on the force required for successful microneedle skin penetration: theoretical and practical approaches. J Pharm Sci 2013; 102:1209-21. [PMID: 23359221 DOI: 10.1002/jps.23439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Insertion behaviour of microneedle (MN) arrays depends upon the mechanical properties of the skin and, MN geometry and distribution in an array. In addressing this issue, this paper studies MN array insertion mechanism into skin and provides a simple quantitative basis to relate the insertion force with distance between two MNs. The presented framework is based on drawing an analogy between a beam on an elastic foundation and mechanism of needle insertion, where insertion force is separated into different components. A theoretical analysis indicates that insertion force decreases as interspacing increases. For a specified skin type, insertion force decreased from 0.029 to 0.028 N/MN when interspacing at MN tip was increased from 50 μm (350 μm at MN base) to 150 μm (450 μm at MN base). However, dependence of insertion force seems to decrease as the interspacing is increased beyond 150 μm. To assess the validity of the proposed model, a series of experiments was carried out to determine the force required for skin insertion of MN. Experiments performed at insertion speed of 0.5 and 1.0 mm/s yielded insertion force values of 0.030 and 0.0216 N, respectively, for 30 μm interspacing at MN base (330 μm interspacing at tip) and 0.028 and 0.0214 N, respectively, for 600 μm interspacing at MN base (900 μm interspacing at tip). Results from theoretical analysis and finite element modelling agree well with experimental results, which show MN interspacing only begins to affect insertion force at low interspacing (<150 μm interspacing at MN base). This model provides a framework for optimising MN devices, and should aid development of suitable application method and determination of force for reliable insertion into skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ololade Olatunji
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Olatunji O, Das DB, Nassehi V. Modelling Transdermal Drug Delivery Using Microneedles: Effect of Geometry on Drug Transport Behaviour. J Pharm Sci 2012; 101:164-75. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 07/25/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Diganta B. Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Loughborough University; Loughborough; LE11 3TU; UK
| | - Tianqing Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering; Dalian University of Technology; Dalian; 116024; China
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Affiliation(s)
- Navraj S. Hanspal
- Computational Engineering Group Dow Corning Corporation (HSC) 12334 Geddes Road, Hemlock, MI 48626
- Energy, Environment & Climate Change Group School of Mechanical, Aerospace & Civil Engineering (MACE) University of Manchester (UMIST), Greater Manchester M13 9PL, U.K
| | - Diganta B. Das
- Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, U.K
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Abstract
Loss of nutrient supply to the human intervertebral disc (IVD) cells is thought to be a major cause of disc degeneration in humans. To address this issue, transport of molecules of different size have been analyzed by a combination of experimental and modeling studies. Solute transport has been compared for steady-state and transient diffusion of several different solutes with molecular masses in the range 3-70 kDa, injected into parts of the disc where degeneration is thought most likely to occur first and into the blood supply to the disc. Diffusion coefficients of fluorescently tagged dextran molecules of different molecular weights have been measured in vitro using the concentration gradient technique in thin specimens of disc outer annulus and nucleus pulposus. Diffusion coefficients were found to decrease with molecular weight following a nonlinear relationship. Diffusion coefficients changed more rapidly for solutes with molecular masses less than 10 kDa. Although unrealistic or painful, solutes injected directly into the disc achieve the largest disc coverage with concentrations that would be high enough to be of practical use. Although more practical, solutes injected into the blood supply do not penetrate to the central regions of the disc and their concentrations dissipate more rapidly. Injection into the disc would be the best method to get drugs or growth factors to regions of degeneration in IVDs quickly; else concentrations of solute must be kept at a high value for several hours in the blood supply to the discs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Das
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom.
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Ye H, Das DB, Triffitt JT, Cui Z. Modelling nutrient transport in hollow fibre membrane bioreactors for growing three-dimensional bone tissue. J Memb Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2005.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Das DB, Nassehi V. Development of a new mathematical model for subsurface water quality management. Water Sci Technol 2002; 45:301-307. [PMID: 12079118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The interfaces between free (e.g., groundwater) and porous (e.g., soil) flow zones in the subsurface represent important transition zones across which many important transfer/exchange processes occur. The understanding of these interactive phenomena and the way these regions behave in combination is, therefore, critical for management of subsurface water quality. Indispensable to this is numerical modelling and simulation as they can handle complex flow domains and minimise the analysis cost and time. In the present work, the hydrodynamic conditions for a combined free and porous flow domain in the subsurface are analysed. An investigation into the fluid dynamical behaviour for different aspect ratios of the domains is of most interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, UK.
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Passone S, Das DB, Nassehi V. Development of an effluent discharge policy for the Tay Estuary based on a finite element model. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:247-255. [PMID: 11385854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The tidal hydrodynamics and effluent distribution in estuaries involve a complicated range of solute transport phenomena modelled by partial differential equations. Therefore, the quantitative estimation of the risks of water and soil contamination of coastal areas as a result of polluted estuary flows, or effects of the effluent input on the chemical loads, involves the solution of these equations. Generally, the pollutants load in an estuary is determined by the nature of land use which by altering the watershed hydrology or chemical detention/release in the river banks affect the water quality of the estuaries. The present modelling work aims to investigate the solute transport behaviour in the Tay Estuary in Scotland. Based on this study, an attempt to devise an estuary specific discharge strategy for the Tay has been made. The numerical calculations are based on using 2D Galerkin finite element discretisation of the governing equations in an Eulerian co-ordinate system. The flexibility of the formulation allows it to be extended to moving boundary situations encountered in most tidal water systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Passone
- Chemical Engineering Department Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK
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Das DB, Nassehi V. LANDFLOW: a 3D finite volume model of combined free and porous flow of water in contaminated land sites. Water Sci Technol 2001; 43:55-64. [PMID: 11385875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Free and porous flow of water in lands often occurs in combination under different physical circumstances. To model such configurations, open and porous flow regions need to be studied independently and also to integrate them through well-posed mathematical formulations. This paper presents a computational investigation (modelling and simulation) on flow of water and contaminants' mobility in soil. The governing partial differential equations of the flow were discretised and reduced to algebraic forms by finite volume method for simulation purposes. Dirichlet boundary conditions were used at the inlet. For sidewalls, no slip conditions were imposed while for the outer boundary, stress free boundary conditions were used.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Das
- Chemical Engineering Department, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, Leicestershire, UK.
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Das BS, Nanda NK, Rath PK, Satapathy RN, Das DB. Anaemia in acute, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children from Orissa state, India. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 1999; 93:109-18. [PMID: 10474636 DOI: 10.1080/00034989958591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The severity of anaemia associated with acute, Plasmodium falciparum malaria and the extent to which haemolysis, bone-marrow suppression, and pre-existent iron deficiency contribute to the anaemia were assessed in 102 Indian children aged 2-12 years. Blood haemoglobin (Hb), plasma unconjugated bilirubin and haptoglobin, serum iron and transferrin concentrations and transferrin saturation, red cell morphology and reticulocyte response were investigated in the patients and in 50 control children. Twenty-three patients with severe anaemia (< 70 g Hb/litre) were investigated further, by bone-marrow biopsy followed by iron staining of sections or touch smears of the biopsy material. There was evidence of haemolysis in the malaria cases: in the peripheral blood smears and the significantly higher plasma concentrations of unconjugated bilirubin, lower plasma concentrations of haptoglobin and lower blood concentrations of Hb than those seen in the controls. Haemoglobin concentration correlated directly with haptoglobin (r = 0.489; P < 0.001) and inversely with unconjugated bilirubin in malaria patients (r = -0.526; P < 0.001) but not in controls (r = -0.140 and -0.061, respectively). Parasitaemia (parasites/microliter) was not significantly correlated with Hb, haptoglobin or unconjugated bilirubin. Compared with the earlier samples, follow-up samples from the patients, collected 2 weeks after discharge from hospital and antimalarial therapy, showed significant increase in Hb, haematocrit, haptoglobin and decreases in both total and unconjugated bilirubin. There was evidence of hypercellularity and mild-moderate erythroid hyperplasia, mainly of normoblastic maturation with adequate reticulocyte response, in the bone-marrow samples from the cases of severe anaemia; dyserythropoiesis was only noticed in one case and no stainable iron was detectable in 17 of the 23 cases. These observations indicate that haemolysis is the prime cause of the anaemia seen in acute falciparum malaria, although destruction of parasitised erythrocytes is not the sole cause of the haemolytic process. Bone-marrow suppression appears to have an insignificant role but pre-existent iron deficiency aggravates the severity of the anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Ispat General Hospital, Orissa, India
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Das BS, Thurnham DI, Das DB. Influence of malaria on markers of iron status in children: implications for interpreting iron status in malaria-endemic communities. Br J Nutr 1997; 78:751-60. [PMID: 9389898 DOI: 10.1079/bjn19970192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
To investigate Fe nutritional indices in malaria infection in children, haematology (blood haemoglobin, plasma ferritin, transferrin, Fe, and transferrin saturation), acute phase markers (albumin and caeruloplasmin) and liver function tests were studied in fifty consecutive cases of severe and mild falciparum malaria, fifty matched controls and twenty-three cases of asymptomatic malaria. Blood haemoglobin and transferrin were lower, while ferritin and transferrin saturation were higher, in groups with symptomatic malaria in comparison with the control group. The differences were greatest with the severest form of the disease. There were no differences between any of the groups in plasma Fe. Plasma transferrin correlated directly with albumin in asymptomatic, mild and severe malaria groups (r 0.48, 0.65 and 0.83; P < 0.05, P < 0.05, P < 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively), and inversely with caeruloplasmin (r -0.65, -0.34 and -0.43; P < 0.01, P < 0.05 and P < 0.01 respectively). For ferritin, the correlation was inverse with albumin (r -0.65, -0.57 and -0.64; P < 0.01, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001 respectively and direct with caeruloplasmin (r 0.83, 0.21 and 0.49, P < 0.001, NS and P < 0.001 respectively). Multiple regression analysis on data from all patients combined indicated that albumin, and to a lesser extent alanine aminotransferase (EC 2.6.1.2) activity, explained 62 % of the variance in transferrin. Caeruloplasmin, parasite count and albumin explained 59 % of the variance in ferritin, and transferrin and unconjugated bilirubin explained 62 % of the variance in Fe values. In conclusion, these data suggest that low transferrin and high ferritin values are primarily due to the acute phase response. High transferrin saturation and lack of differences in plasma Fe between the groups are probably due to Fe released from lysed erythrocytes. Finally, in both symptomatic and asymptomatic malaria, indices of Fe status can be misleading and may be especially problematic in community studies in malaria-endemic areas where asymptomatic malaria may be common.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Das
- Ispat General Hospital, Orissa, India
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Abstract
Cross-sectional interactions by malaria status were investigated between plasma alpha-tocopherol, retinol, and several carotenoids (lutein, beta-cryptoxanthin, lycopene, and alpha- and beta-carotene) and indicators of disease severity (blood parasite count, hemoglobin concentration), acute-phase response (plasma albumin and ceruloplasmin concentrations), hepatic involvement (plasma alanine aminotransferase), oxidant status and antioxidant status (plasma thiobarbituric acid-reactive material and ascorbate), nutritional (weight-for-age) and carrier protein [retinol binding protein (RBP)] status, and cholesterol concentration (as a proxy for lipoprotein) in 100 consecutively admitted children with malaria. There were 50 children with severe and 50 with mild malaria and 50 age- and sex-matched control subjects. alpha-Tocopherol, retinol, and all the carotenoid concentrations were lower in the patients than in the control subjects (P < 0.001). The differences were greater in severe than in mild malaria, except for lutein. In severe malaria only, both retinol and alpha-tocopherol correlated with albumin, ceruloplasmin, and RBP concentrations whereas in all three groups retinol correlated with RBP and alpha-tocopherol correlated with cholesterol (all P < 0.01)). Using multivariate analysis on data from all patients combined, cholesterol was the most significant factor explaining the variance in alpha-tocopherol (29%) whereas RBP was responsible for 95% of the variance in retinol. Plasma cholesterol and RBP values in turn (in the absence of alpha-tocopherol and retinol, respectively) were influenced primarily by acute-phase markers (mainly albumin and ceruloplasmin). Alanine aminotransferase (r = -0.17) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive material (r = -0.17) also showed a small contribution to the variance of RBP but 60-70% remained unexplained. In conclusion, low plasma lipid-soluble micronutrient concentrations in malaria are strongly influenced by the reductions in their carrier molecules, which, in turn, are low as a consequence of the acute-phase response.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Das
- Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, Orissa, India
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Mishra SK, Satpathy R, Das DB, Nanda NC, Satpathy SK, Mohanty S. A rare presentation of falciparum malaria. J Assoc Physicians India 1996; 44:432. [PMID: 9282573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Satpathy R, Das DB, Nanda NC. Knowledge of Anganwadi workers about breastfeeding. Indian Pediatr 1995; 32:933. [PMID: 8635845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Satpathy R, Das DB, Nanda NC, Patnaik JK, Mishra SK, Das BS. Complication of intramuscular quinine injection: three case reports. Indian J Malariol 1993; 30:45-9. [PMID: 8319814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Satpathy
- Department of Paediatrics, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela, India
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Das DB, Satpathy RN, Satpathy PC, Patnaik JK, Das BS. Incidence of hypoglycaemia in children with severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria around Rourkela, Orissa state. Indian J Med Res 1992; 95:79-83. [PMID: 1601475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine the incidence of hypoglycaemia in children suffering from severe falciparum malaria, 23 patients from Rourkela (Orissa), were investigated. Plasma glucose and immunoreactive insulin were estimated before and at hourly intervals during quinine infusion. No child had hypoglycaemia at the time of admission. Correlation between parasite count and prequinine plasma glucose was not significant. In the period of quinine infusion, 20 patients showed fall in plasma glucose during all the three hours (P less than 0.05, P less than 0.01, P less than 0.01 at the end of 1st, 2nd, and 3rd h respectively) but the decrease to hypoglycaemic level (plasma glucose less than or equal to 40 mg/dl) was observed in only one child. Concomitant increase in plasma insulin was noticed in 18 of these patients. Decrease in plasma glucose and increase in plasma insulin was found to correlate well (r-0.78, P less than 0.001). Hypoglycaemia was found to be an infrequent complication of severe falciparum malaria in children from the area studied. Though decrease in plasma glucose was observed after quinine infusion, it was less severe and did not reach the hypoglycaemic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Das
- Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela
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Satpathy R, Bhuyan BK, Das DB, Pant KC, Sarangi J, Pani S. Foetal hydantoin syndrome. J Indian Med Assoc 1990; 88:168-9. [PMID: 2230164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- R Satpathy
- Department of Paediatrics, Ispat General Hospital, Rourkela
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Das BS, Thurnham DI, Patnaik JK, Das DB, Satpathy R, Bose TK. Increased plasma lipid peroxidation in riboflavin-deficient, malaria-infected children. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 51:859-63. [PMID: 2185624 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/51.5.859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Plasma lipid peroxides were measured as malonyldialdehyde (MDA) by the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) method in 75 children suffering from Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Their riboflavin status was assessed by measuring erythrocyte glutathione reductase activation coefficients (EGRACs), and values greater than 1.40 were regarded as indicating biochemical deficiency. Plasma MDA was higher (p less than 0.001) in patients than in control subjects; the concentrations were 3.65 +/- 0.70 and 1.77 +/- 0.45 mumol/L (means +/- SD), respectively. The riboflavin-deficient group had higher plasma MDA values (3.98 +/- 0.70 mumol/L) than did the nondeficient group (3.30 +/- 0.68 mumol/L, p less than 0.001). Plasma MDA concentrations correlated with EGRACs (r = 0.46, p less than 0.01) in the patients. It is proposed that riboflavin deficiency restricts regeneration of reduced glutathione making the parasitized erythrocytes more vulnerable to destructive lipid peroxidation and increasing plasma lipid hydroperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Das
- Department of Biochemistry, Ispat General Hospital, Orissa, India
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