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Liu X, Bai Y, Zhou B, Yao W, Song S, Liu J, Zheng C. Recent advances in hepatocellular carcinoma-targeted nanoparticles. Biomed Mater 2024; 19:042004. [PMID: 38697209 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ad46d3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
In the field of medicine, we often brave the unknown like interstellar explorers, especially when confronting the formidable opponent of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The global burden of HCC remains significant, with suboptimal treatment outcomes necessitating the urgent development of novel drugs and treatments. While various treatments for liver cancer, such as immunotherapy and targeted therapy, have emerged in recent years, improving their transport and therapeutic efficiency, controlling their targeting and release, and mitigating their adverse effects remains challenging. However, just as we grope through the darkness, a glimmer of light emerges-nanotechnology. Recently, nanotechnology has attracted attention because it can increase the local drug concentration in tumors, reduce systemic toxicity, and has the potential to enhance the effectiveness of precision therapy for HCC. However, there are also some challenges hindering the clinical translation of drug-loaded nanoparticles (NPs). Just as interstellar explorers must overcome interstellar dust, we too must overcome various obstacles. In future researches, the design and development of nanodelivery systems for novel drugs treating HCC should be the first attention. Moreover, researchers should focus on the active targeting design of various NPs. The combination of the interventional therapies and drug-loaded NPs will greatly advance the process of precision HCC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoming Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yaowei Bai
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Binqian Zhou
- Department of Ultrasound, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430014, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yao
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Songlin Song
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiacheng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuansheng Zheng
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Kaps L, Limeres MJ, Schneider P, Svensson M, Zeyn Y, Fraude S, Cacicedo ML, Galle PR, Gehring S, Bros M. Liver Cell Type-Specific Targeting by Nanoformulations for Therapeutic Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11869. [PMID: 37511628 PMCID: PMC10380755 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocytes exert pivotal roles in metabolism, protein synthesis and detoxification. Non-parenchymal liver cells (NPCs), largely comprising macrophages, dendritic cells, hepatic stellate cells and liver sinusoidal cells (LSECs), serve to induce immunological tolerance. Therefore, the liver is an important target for therapeutic approaches, in case of both (inflammatory) metabolic diseases and immunological disorders. This review aims to summarize current preclinical nanodrug-based approaches for the treatment of liver disorders. So far, nano-vaccines that aim to induce hepatitis virus-specific immune responses and nanoformulated adjuvants to overcome the default tolerogenic state of liver NPCs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis have been tested. Moreover, liver cancer may be treated using nanodrugs which specifically target and kill tumor cells. Alternatively, nanodrugs may target and reprogram or deplete immunosuppressive cells of the tumor microenvironment, such as tumor-associated macrophages. Here, combination therapies have been demonstrated to yield synergistic effects. In the case of autoimmune hepatitis and other inflammatory liver diseases, anti-inflammatory agents can be encapsulated into nanoparticles to dampen inflammatory processes specifically in the liver. Finally, the tolerance-promoting activity especially of LSECs has been exploited to induce antigen-specific tolerance for the treatment of allergic and autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Kaps
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - María José Limeres
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Paul Schneider
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Malin Svensson
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Yanira Zeyn
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Silvia Fraude
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Maximiliano L Cacicedo
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter R Galle
- I. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Stephan Gehring
- Children's Hospital, University Medical Center, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Bros
- Department of Dermatology, University Medical Center Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany
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Zhu Y, Zhang W, Chen J. Binary Nanodrug-Delivery System Designed for Leukemia Therapy: Aptamer- and Transferrin-Codecorated Daunorubicin- and Luteolin-Coloaded Nanoparticles. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:1-13. [PMID: 36636745 PMCID: PMC9830956 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s387246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to develop a binary nanodrug-delivery system decorated with aptamers (APs) and transferrin (Tf) and loaded with daunorubicin (Drn) and luteolin (Lut) for the treatment of leukemia. Methods Oligonucleotide AP- and Tf-contaiing ligands were designed and synthesized separately. AP-decorated Drn-loaded nanoparticles (AP-Drn NPs) and Tf-Lut NPs were prepared by self-assembly. An AP- and Tf-codecorated Drn- and Lut-coloaded nanodrug-delivery system (AP/Tf-Drn/Lut NPs) was prepared by self-assembly of AP-Drn NPs and Tf-Lut NPs. In vitro and in vivo efficiency of the system was evaluated on leukemia cell line and cell-bearing mouse model in comparison with single ligand-decorated, single drug-loaded and free-drug formulations. Results AP/Tf-Drn/Lut NPs were spherical and nanosized (187.3±5.3 nm) and loaded with about 85% of drugs. In vitro cytotoxicity of AP/Tf-Drn/Lut NPs was remarkably higher than single ligand-decorated ones. Double drug-loaded AP/Tf-Drn/Lut NPs exhibited higher tumor-cell inhibition than single drug-loaded ones, which showed a synergic effect of the two drugs. AP/Tf-Drn/Lut NPs achieved the most efficient antileukemic activity and absence of toxicity in vivo. Conclusion The present study showed that AP/Tf-Drn/Lut NPs are a promising drug-delivery system for targeted treatment of leukemia, due to the synergic effect of the two drugs in this system. The limitations of this system include stability during large-scale production and application from bench to bedside.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong Province, People’s Republic of China,Correspondence: Jing Chen, Department of Pharmacy, Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao Hiser Hospital Affiliated with Qingdao University, 4 Renmin Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province, 266000, People’s Republic of China, Email
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Cheng M, Dai D. Inhibitory of active dual cancer targeting 5-Fluorouracil nanoparticles on liver cancer in vitro and in vivo. Front Oncol 2022; 12:971475. [PMID: 35992879 PMCID: PMC9389539 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.971475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The chitosan (CS) material as the skeleton nano-drug delivery system has the advantages of sustained release, biodegradability, and modifiability, and has broad application prospects. In the previous experiments, biotin (Bio) was grafted onto CS to synthesize biotin-modified chitosan (Bio-CS), and it was confirmed that it has liver cancer targeting properties. Single-targeted nanomaterials are susceptible to pathological and physiological factors, resulting in a state of ineffective binding between ligands and receptors, so there is still room for improvement in the targeting of liver cancer. Based on the high expression of folate (FA) receptors on the surface of liver cancers, FA was grafted onto Bio-CS by chemical synthesis to optimize the synthesis of folic acid-modified biotinylated chitosan (FA-CS-Bio), verified by infrared spectroscopy and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The release of FA-CS-Bio/fluorouracil (5-FU) had three obvious stages: fast release stage, steady release stage, and slow release stage, with an obvious sustained release effect. Compared with Bio-CS, FA-CS-Bio could promote the inhibition of the proliferation and migration of liver cancer by 5-FU, and the concentration of 5-FU in hepatoma cells was significantly increased dose-dependently. Laser confocal experiments confirmed that FA-CS-Bio caused a significant increase in the fluorescence intensity in liver cancer cells. In terms of animal experiments, FA-CS-Bio increased the concentration of 5-FU in liver cancer tissue by 1.6 times on the basis of Bio-CS and the number of monophotons in liver cancer tissue by in vivo dynamic imaging experiments was significantly stronger than that of Bio-CS, indicating that the targeting ability of FA-CS-Bio was further improved. Compared with Bio-CS, FA-CS-Bio can significantly prolong the survival time of 5-FU in the orthotopic liver cancer transplantation model in mice, and has a relieving effect on liver function damage and bone marrow suppression caused by 5-FU. In conclusion, FA-CS-Bio nanomaterials have been optimized for synthesis. In vivo and in vitro experiments confirmed that FA-CS-Bio can significantly improve the targeting of liver cancer compared with Bio-CS. FA-CS-Bio/5-FU nanoparticles can improve the targeted inhibition of the proliferation and migration of liver cancer cells, prolong the survival period of tumor-bearing mice, and alleviate the toxic and side effects.
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Bakrania A, Zheng G, Bhat M. Nanomedicine in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A New Frontier in Targeted Cancer Treatment. Pharmaceutics 2021; 14:41. [PMID: 35056937 PMCID: PMC8779722 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third leading cause of cancer-related death and is associated with a dismal median survival of 2-9 months. The fundamental limitations and ineffectiveness of current HCC treatments have led to the development of a vast range of nanotechnologies with the goal of improving the safety and efficacy of treatment for HCC. Although remarkable success has been achieved in nanomedicine research, there are unique considerations such as molecular heterogeneity and concomitant liver dysfunction that complicate the translation of nanotheranostics in HCC. This review highlights the progress, challenges, and targeting opportunities in HCC nanomedicine based on the growing literature in recent years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita Bakrania
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
| | - Gang Zheng
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada;
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Mamatha Bhat
- Toronto General Hospital Research Institute, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada;
- Ajmera Transplant Program, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2N2, Canada
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4, Canada
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A1, Canada
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Fleischmann D, Goepferich A. General sites of nanoparticle biodistribution as a novel opportunity for nanomedicine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2021; 166:44-60. [PMID: 34087354 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2021.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of nanomedical devices has led to a considerable number of clinically applied nanotherapeutics. Yet, the overall poor translation of nanoparticular concepts into marketable systems has not met the initial expectations and led to increasing criticism in recent years. Most novel nano approaches thereby use highly refined formulations including a plethora of active targeting sequences, but ultimately fail to reach their target due to a generally high off-target deposition in organs such as the liver or kidney. In this context, we argue that initial nanoparticle (NP) development should not entirely become set on conventional formulation aspects. In contrast, we propose a change of focus towards a prior analysis of general sites of NP in vivo deposition and an assessment of how accumulation in these organs or tissues can be harnessed to develop therapies for site-related pathologies. We therefore give a comprehensive overview of existing nanotherapeutic targeting strategies for specific cell types within three of the usual suspects, i.e. the liver, kidney and the vascular system. We discuss the physiological surroundings and relevant pathologies of described tissues as well as the implications for NP-mediated drug delivery. Additionally, successful cell-selective NP concepts using active targeting strategies are assessed. By bringing together both (patho)physiological aspects and concepts for cell-selective NP formulations, we hope to show a novel opportunity for the development of more promising nanotherapeutic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Fleischmann
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Achim Goepferich
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Regensburg, Universitaetsstrasse 31, 93053 Regensburg, Germany.
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Carbone C, Caddeo C, Grimaudo MA, Manno DE, Serra A, Musumeci T. Ferulic Acid-NLC with Lavandula Essential Oil: A Possible Strategy for Wound-Healing? NANOMATERIALS 2020; 10:nano10050898. [PMID: 32397093 PMCID: PMC7279150 DOI: 10.3390/nano10050898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, an increasing interest in combinatorial drug delivery systems is emerging, highlighting the possibility of exploiting essential oils (EO) for topical applications. This work aimed at developing nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) for the combined delivery of ferulic acid and Lavandula EO, whose beneficial effects in wound-healing processes have been widely reported. Homogeneous (polydispersity index, PDI < 0.2) nanoparticles with a small size (<150 nm) and a high encapsulation efficiency (>85%) were obtained. The co-presence of ferulic acid and Lavandula EO, as compared to synthetic isopropyl myristate-based NLC, increased nanoparticles’ stability, due to higher ordering chains, as confirmed by morphological and physicochemical studies. An enhanced cytocompatibility was observed when combining ferulic acid and Lavandula EO, as confirmed by in vitro studies on fibroblasts. Furthermore, the combined delivery of ferulic acid and Lavandula EO significantly promoted cell migration with higher effectiveness in respect to the free drug solution and the carrier without the EO. Taken all together, our results suggest a potential combined effect of the antioxidant ferulic acid and Lavandula EO co-delivered in lipid nanoparticles in promoting cell proliferation and migration, representing a promising strategy in the treatment of wounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carbone
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-095-7384251
| | - Carla Caddeo
- Department of Scienze della Vita e dell’Ambiente, University of Cagliari, via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy;
| | - Maria Aurora Grimaudo
- Departamento de Farmacología, Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica, I+D Farma (GI-1645), Facultad de Farmacia and Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain;
| | - Daniela Erminia Manno
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Antonio Serra
- Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, Italy; (D.E.M.); (A.S.)
| | - Teresa Musumeci
- Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology, Department of Drug Sciences, University of Catania, viale A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy;
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Hefnawy A, Khalil IH, Arafa K, Emara M, El-Sherbiny IM. Dual-Ligand Functionalized Core-Shell Chitosan-Based Nanocarrier for Hepatocellular Carcinoma-Targeted Drug Delivery. Int J Nanomedicine 2020; 15:821-837. [PMID: 32103939 PMCID: PMC7015065 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s240359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Hepatocellular carcinoma represents a major health problem with the related death numbers still increasing. Active targeting is considered an attractive choice for the development of selective therapeutics with limited side effects and improved efficiency. In this study, we report the design, development and evaluation of a novel dual-ligand functionalized core-shell chitosan-based nanocarrier for the selective delivery of doxorubicin (DOX) for treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Methods Following factorial design experiments, DOX was initially complexed with negatively charged carboxymethyl chitosan-g-poly(acrylate) and then the complex was coated with a positively charged dual-ligand (lactobionic acid and glycyrrhetinic acid)-conjugated chitosan. The developed active targeting system was then tested in vitro on Hep-G2 cells using flow cytometry and fluorescence imaging. Results The obtained results proved the ability of the dual-ligand system to enhance the intracellular uptake of the drug by 4-fold and 8-fold after 4 hrs and 24 hrs of incubation, respectively. The efficiency of the dual-ligand functionalized nanoparticles was also tested in vivo on Wistar rats with induced liver tumors. Testing of serum biomarkers (albumin, creatinine, urea, alpha fetoprotein, ALT, AST and ALP) in addition to histopathological microscopic examination of liver, kidney and heart tissues confirmed the enhanced safety of the developed targeted nanocarrier system compared to the conventional DOX. Discussion The developed targeted system showed improved intracellular drug delivery and uptake as well as enhanced safety profile. The nanoparticles were formed based on electrostatic interactions providing the flexibility that allows their use as a model for delivery of other drugs and other targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Hefnawy
- Nanomaterials Lab, Center of Material Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Islam H Khalil
- Nanomaterials Lab, Center of Material Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt.,Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Misr University of Science and Technology (MUST), Giza 12566, Egypt
| | - Kholoud Arafa
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Marwan Emara
- Center for Aging and Associated Diseases, Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
| | - Ibrahim M El-Sherbiny
- Nanomaterials Lab, Center of Material Science (CMS), Zewail City of Science and Technology, Giza 12578, Egypt
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Carbone C, Fuochi V, Zielińska A, Musumeci T, Souto E, Bonaccorso A, Puglia C, Petronio Petronio G, Furneri P. Dual-drugs delivery in solid lipid nanoparticles for the treatment of Candida albicans mycosis. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 186:110705. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2019.110705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Souto EB, Doktorovova S, Campos JR, Martins-Lopes P, Silva AM. Surface-tailored anti-HER2/neu-solid lipid nanoparticles for site-specific targeting MCF-7 and BT-474 breast cancer cells. Eur J Pharm Sci 2019; 128:27-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Gene therapy has emerged as an alternative in the treatment of cancer, particularly in cases of resistance to chemo and radiotherapy. Different approaches to deliver genetic material to tumor tissues have been proposed, including the use of small non-coding RNAs due to their multiple mechanisms of action. However, such promise has shown limits in in vivo application related to RNA's biological instability and stimulation of immunity, urging the development of systems able to overcome those barriers. In this review, we discuss the use of RNA interference in cancer therapy with special attention to the role of siRNA and miRNA and to the challenges of their delivery in vivo. We introduce a promising class of drug delivery system known as micelle-like nanoparticles and explore their synthesis and advantages for gene therapy as well as the recent findings in in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies.
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Abstract
The use of biomaterials composed of organic pristine components has been successfully described in several purposes, such as tissue engineering and drug delivery. Drug delivery systems (DDS) have shown several advantages over traditional drug therapy, such as greater therapeutic efficacy, prolonged delivery profile, and reduced drug toxicity, as evidenced by in vitro and in vivo studies as well as clinical trials. Despite that, there is no perfect delivery carrier, and issues such as undesirable viscosity and physicochemical stability or inability to efficiently encapsulate hydrophilic/hydrophobic molecules still persist, limiting DDS applications. To overcome that, biohybrid systems, originating from the synergistic assembly of polymers and other organic materials such as proteins and lipids, have recently been described, yielding molecularly planned biohybrid systems that are able to optimize structures to easily interact with the targets. This work revised the biohybrid DDS clarifying their advantages, limitations, and future perspectives in an attempt to contribute to further research of innovative and safe biohybrid polymer-based system as biomaterials for the sustained release of active molecules.
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Shi S, Zhou M, Li X, Hu M, Li C, Li M, Sheng F, Li Z, Wu G, Luo M, Cui H, Li Z, Fu R, Xiang M, Xu J, Zhang Q, Lu L. Synergistic active targeting of dually integrin αvβ3/CD44-targeted nanoparticles to B16F10 tumors located at different sites of mouse bodies. J Control Release 2016; 235:1-13. [PMID: 27235150 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2016.05.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Conventional enhanced permeation and retention (EPR) mediates the effects of many drugs, including the accumulation of nanocarriers at tumor sites, but its efficiency remains low. In this study, this limitation was overcome by developing a dual-targeting delivery system based on hyaluronan (HA, a major ligand of CD44) and tetraiodothyroacetic acid (tetrac, a specific ligand of αvβ3), which was exploited to carry docetaxel (DTX) for the synergistic active targeting to tumors. First, a tetrac-HA (TeHA) conjugate was synthesized and grafted onto the surfaces of solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) (TeHA-SLNs/DTX), with a high encapsulation efficiency of >91.6%. The resulting SLNs exhibited an approximately toroid morphology revealed using TEM. The cellular uptake and cytotoxicity of various formulations on CD44/αvβ3-enriched B16F10 cells were then assessed, and both results confirmed the selective uptake and high cytotoxicity of the TeHA-SLNs/DTX in a TeHA-dependent manner. In vivo imaging and vessel distribution tests revealed the efficiency of synergistic active targeting was higher than that of EPR-mediated passive targeting by the TeHA-SLNs to αvβ3-expressing tumor blood vessels and CD44-expressing tumor cells via selective targeting. Finally, in both xenograft tumor mice and in situ lung metastasis tumor mice, tumor growth was significantly inhibited by TeHA-SLNs/DTX. Therefore, TeHA-SLNs are an efficient system for the dual-targeted delivery of drugs to treat cancer in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjun Shi
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
| | - Min Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Min Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Chenwen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Min Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Fangfang Sheng
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Zhuoheng Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Guolin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Minghe Luo
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Huanhuan Cui
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Ziwei Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Ruoqiu Fu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Mingfeng Xiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Jing Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China
| | - Laichun Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, Institute of Surgery Research, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400042, PR China.
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Abstract
Receptor-targeted drug delivery has been extensively explored for active targeting. However, the scarce clinical applications of such delivery systems highlight the implicit hurdles in development of such systems. These hurdles begin with lack of knowledge of differential expression of receptors, their accessibility and identification of newer receptors. Similarly, ligand-specific challenges range from proper choice of ligand and conjugation chemistry, to release of drug/delivery system from ligand. Finally, nanocarrier systems, which offer improved loading, biocompatibility and reduced premature degradation, also face multiple challenges. This review focuses on understanding these challenges, and means to overcome such challenges to develop efficient, targeted drug-delivery systems.
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Wang C, Sun X, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang F, Wang H. Breast cancer targeted chemotherapy based on doxorubicin-loaded bombesin peptide modified nanocarriers. Drug Deliv 2015. [PMID: 26203692 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1049721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglian Sun
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Fuqian Yang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Huidong Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Weifang People’s Hospital, Weifang, Shandong, China
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16
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Modra K, Dai S, Zhang H, Shi B, Bi J. Polycation-mediated gene delivery: Challenges and considerations for the process of plasmid DNA transfection. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201400043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karl Modra
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Sheng Dai
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Hu Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Bingyang Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Jingxiu Bi
- School of Chemical Engineering; The University of Adelaide; Adelaide South Australia Australia
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17
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dos Santos MA, Grenha A. Polysaccharide nanoparticles for protein and Peptide delivery: exploring less-known materials. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2015; 98:223-61. [PMID: 25819281 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Finding adequate carriers for protein and peptide delivery has become an urgent need, owing to the growing number of macromolecules identified as having therapeutic potential. Nanoparticles have emerged in the field as very promising vehicles and much work has been directed to testing the capacity of different materials to compose the matrix of these carriers. Natural materials and, specifically, polysaccharides have been taking the forefront of the challenge, because of several favoring properties that include the higher propensity to exhibit biodegradability and biocompatibility, and also the high structural flexibility. The majority of works found in the literature regarding polysaccharide nanoparticles uses very popular materials like chitosan or hyaluronic acid. This review is aimed at describing and exploring the potential of polysaccharides that are not so well known or that are less explored. For those, the main properties will be described, together with an overview of the reported applications as nanoparticle matrix materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlise A dos Santos
- Joan-Vernikos Aerospace Pharmacy Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Microgravity Centre, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul PUCRS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Ana Grenha
- CBME-Centre for Molecular and Structural Biomedicine/IBB-Institute for Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, Faro, Portugal.
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18
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Active radar guides missile to its target: receptor-based targeted treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma by nanoparticulate systems. Tumour Biol 2014; 36:55-67. [PMID: 25424700 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2855-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) usually present at advanced stages and do not benefit from surgical resection, so drug therapy should deserve a prominent place in unresectable HCC treatment. But chemotherapy agents, such as doxorubicin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel, frequently encounter important problems such as low specificity and non-selective biodistribution. Recently, the development of nanotechnology led to significant breakthroughs to overcome these problems. Decorating the surfaces of nanoparticulate-based drug carriers with homing devices has demonstrated its potential in concentrating chemotherapy agents specifically to HCC cells. In this paper, we reviewed the current status of active targeting strategies for nanoparticulate systems based on various receptors such as asialoglycoprotein receptor, transferrin receptor, epidermal growth factor receptor, folate receptor, integrin, and CD44, which are abundantly expressed on the surfaces of hepatocytes or liver cancer cells. Furthermore, we pointed out their merits and defects and provided theoretical references for further research.
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19
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Fortier C, Durocher Y, De Crescenzo G. Surface modification of nonviral nanocarriers for enhanced gene delivery. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2014; 9:135-51. [PMID: 24354815 DOI: 10.2217/nnm.13.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomedical nanotechnology has given a new lease of life to gene therapy with the ever-developing and ever-diversifying nonviral gene delivery nanocarriers. These are designed to pass a series of barriers in order to bring their nucleic acid cargo to the right subcellular location of particular cells. For a given application, each barrier has its dedicated strategy, which translates into a physicochemical, biological and temporal identity of the nanocarrier surface. Different strategies have thus been explored to implement adequate surface identities on nanocarriers over time for systemic delivery. In that context, this review will mainly focus on organic nanocarriers, for which these strategies will be described and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Fortier
- Life Sciences NRC Human Health Therapeutics Portfolio, Building Montréal-Royalmount, National Research Council Canada, Montréal, QC, H4P 2R2, Canada
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20
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Jing F, Li D, Xu W, Liu Y, Wang K, Sui Z. Transferrin- and folate-modified, double-targeted nanocarriers for gene delivery. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2014; 52:570-574. [PMID: 24256214 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.853812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/06/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Surface modification of nanocarriers with specific ligands defines a new biological identity, which assist in targeting and internalization of the nanocarriers to specific cell populations, such as cancers and disease organs. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to develop systemically administrable dual ligands modified nanocarriers, which could target the cells through receptor-mediated pathways to increase the nuclear uptake of genetic materials. MATERIALS AND METHODS In the present work, transferrin (Tf) and folate (Fa) were linked onto polyethylene glycol-phosphatidylethanolamine (PEG-PE) separately to get transferrin-PEG-PE (T-PEG-PE) and folate-PEG-PE (F-PEG-PE) ligands for the surface modification of carriers. The in vivo transfection efficiency of the novel dual ligands modified (D-modified) vectors were evaluated in tumor-bearing animal models. RESULTS D-Modified solid lipid nanoparticles/enhanced green fluorescence protein plasmid (D-SLN/pEGFP) has a particle size of 226 nm and a gene-loading quantity of 90%. D-SLN/pEGFP displayed over 30% higher transfection efficiency than unmodified SLN/pEGFP and single ligand modified particles in HepG2 cells. CONCLUSION It could be concluded that Tf and Fa could function as excellent active targeting ligands to improve the cell-targeting ability of the carriers and the resulting dual ligands modified vectors could be applied as a promising active targeting gene delivery system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanbo Jing
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University , Qingdao , China
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21
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Mussi SV, Torchilin VP. Recent trends in the use of lipidic nanoparticles as pharmaceutical carriers for cancer therapy and diagnostics. J Mater Chem B 2013; 1:5201-5209. [DOI: 10.1039/c3tb20990c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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